2021-12-31-accounts

Registered number: 06429421 Charity number: 1122750

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

LUBBOCK FINE LLP Chartered Accountants Paternoster House 65 St Paul's Churchyard London EC4M 8AB

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

CONTENTS

	Page
Reference and Administrative Details of the Charity, its Trustees and Advisers	1
Trustee's Report	2 - 64
Independent Examiner's Report	65
Statement of Financial Activities	66
Balance Sheet	67
Notes to the Financial Statements	68 - 78

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS OF THE CHARITY, ITS TRUSTEES AND ADVISERS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Trustees	Vincent Chevance
Company registered number 06429421 Charity registered number 1122750 Registered office 25 Brooks Mews London W1K 4DZ Company secretary Jean-Baptise Chevance Accountants Lubbock Fine LLP Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditors Paternoster House 65 St Paul's Churchyard London EC4M 8AB

Page 1

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 The Trustee presents the annual report, which includes the directors report, together with the financial statements of the Archaeology and Development Foundation for the period from 1 January 2021 to 31 De￿mber 2021. The Trustee confirms that the Annual Report and financial statements of the Charity comply with the current slalulory requirements, the requirements of the Charity's governing document and the provisions of the Statement of Recommended Practice ISORPI, applicable lo charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland IFRS 1021 leffeclive 1 January 20191. sin￿ the company qualifies as small under section 383, the strategic report required of medium and large companies under The Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directorfs Reporti Regulations 2013 is not required. STRUCTURE. GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT Archaeology and Development Foundation is a company, incorporated on 16 November 2007, governed by its Memorandum and Articles of Association. 11 registered as a charity with the Charity Commission for England & Wales on 12 February 2008. New Trustees are appointed by the members. The Trustees may appoint a person who is willing to act lo be a Trustee, either to fill a vacancy or as an additional trustee. New Trustees are briefed on their legal obligation under charity and company 18W, the content of the Memorandum and Articles of Association, the committee and decision making processes, the business plan and recent financial performance of the charity. In selling the objectives and planning the activity of the charity, the Trustees have given careful consideration lo the Charity Commission's general guidance on public benefit. OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES The objectives of the charitable company as set out in the governing document are.. The Archaeology and Development Foundation has been undertaking archaeological research in Phnom Kulen since 2008. One of the objectives is lo understand the extent of this first capital as well as to define the various settlements during the period of time, from pre angkorian period lo the post angkorian period. Working in close collaboration with the APSARA National Authority (National Authority in charge of Angkor region), the Ministry of Environment and other institutional partners, ADF is the main institution working on both development and archaeology in Phnom Kulen. ADF is also disseminating the archaeological knowledge of the findings. Reports and conferences are regularly given and specific publications on archaeological research are also published in specialised review. Historically, geographically and from a hydrologic point of view, Phnom Kulen is very closely linked with Angkor Wodd heritage sile. The Royal Government of Cambodia has registered Phnom Kulen on the indicative list of the world heritage sile, and ADF is working closely with UNESCO and APSARA to move toward the recognition of this sile and to Meet the standards of a wodd heritage site. Additionally, ADF is strongly collaborating with the Ministry of Environment, in charge of the Phnom Kulen National Park, for the management of the protected areas. Others activities in the environmental protection field are implemented such as reforestation, environmental awareness campaigns, demarcation of protected areas, training and supporting to ranger patrols in the National Park, mapping etc. Page 2

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Conservation and protection of the sites In the post war years 11990'sl Cambodia suffered from endless looting. 11 is well known that archaeological site protection goes hand in hand with an increased local awareness that arises as a result of research and conservation programmes. The Phnom Kulen programme is providing APSARA Authority a better knowledge of the archaeological value of the plateau, in order lo extend ils activities on the Phnom Kulen. ADF is also helping the Ministry of Environment by providing information relative lo protected area, forest cover, and illegal activities lencroaching, illegal logging elcl. The programme is also helping lo define demining aoas and specific archaeological protected areas. The regular cleaning of vegetation and the maintenance of the monuments can then occur. Cuffitors and guardslworkers have been appointed by APSARA in order lo follow up this initiative. The Archaeology and Development Foundation is providing APSARA advice and expertise to improve the management of the sites in terms of conservation and tourism management. ADF has regLJlady asked APSARA to increase the human and technical resources, to fulfil these missions. For the last years, the Archaeology and Development Foundation is also sponsoring the activities from the APSARA Stone Conservation Unit Ilransports, salaries, malerialsl lo restore the sandstone artefacls and bas reliefs discovered during the excavations. Training of Khmer specialists One of the long term outcomes of this project is the training of Cambodian specialists, in providing them with knowledge, expertise and know how to preserve these siles. This project provides an opportunity to train the young Khmer specialists on specific search processes. All stages of the archaeological research pro￿sS, beginning al the preparation phases then field work phases Iprospecling to diagnostic trenches or open area excavations, conservation of monuments, invenloriesl all the way through to annual and final report and publication, is done working closely with ADF and APSARA archaeologists. The project also provides young students graduated from the Royal University of Fine Arts, faculty of archaeology, with their first fieldwork experience. ADF also provide regular trading to the Provincial Department of Environment of Siem Reap staff and the rangers in charge of the Phnom Kulen National Park. Economic and social impact on local populations Cambodia has been devastated by civil wars which were fought from 1970 through lo the 1990's', this period saw one of the largest genocides in the world which killed between 1.710 2 million people. Fighting, aerial bombardments and minefields had a significant impact on the lives of three generations. Phnom Kulen region was the scene of violent fighting be￿een Khmer Rouge and government troops,. the consequences are still evident today. It was one of the last Khmer Rouge strongholds lo surrender in 1996. This project is providing jobs to seasonal workers and, consecutively, full time activity to guards and specialised workers. In providing the villagers with heritage and conservation knowledge it is helping lo preventfurther looting and is creating a safe archaeological zone by initiating a land mine removal programme and archaeological protected areas. Page 3

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 An important effort is also done towards the villagers from the Phnom Kulen region for food securilylnutrilional health, medical and health support, hygiene and sanitation (particularly in primary schools), alternative livelihood generating incomes, as well as environmental education and protection. These initiatives have an important impact on the social and economic development of Phnom Kulen and especially improve the level of education and health care of the inhabitants. FINANCIAL REVIEW Income for the year ended 31 December 2021 was $144,195 with expenditure tolalling $171,542. At the year end, the charity was holding restricted reserves of $70,574 and the unreslricled reserves were in a deficit position of £28,813. As the Charitable company has minimal fixed costs ils policy is lo hold approximately $5,000 in reserves in order lo use as much of the funds received each year for charitable purposes. The Trustee will continue lo work lo bring reserves lo this the target level. PLANS FOR FUTURE PERIODS For the archaeological activities Imainlenance and conservation program), there is no plan to coordinate demining operations in 2022 by CMAC teams. However, and if the budget and work plan allow it, ADF will decide if excavations are possible in 2021. If possible, il would most probably take place on a site already secured over the previous years. ADF will continue lo maintain a regular coordination with APSARA National Authority and provide assistance and adVI￿S for a beller heritage management of the archaeological sites in Phnom Kulen. This involves advices for the general maintenance of the sites and the control of the Archaeological Protected Areas. ADF will continue lo encourage APSARA to increase the material resources for these tasks. ADF will provide any recent and old documentation on archaeological sites to be restored by APSARA in 2022. For the Kbal Spean and 1000 linga sites, the ADF team will intend lo finalize the signboards and with their text and submit them to APSARA, so information panels can be edited and sel up by ADF & APSARA, providing APSARA a beller tool lo manage this area and a beller knowledge of the site for the public. The maps and their study will also be published in a specialised review in 2022 or 2023. In the restoration field, only small sandstone fragments from previous archaeological campaigns will require complementary restoration in 2019. As our requests from 2018 10 2019 were left unanswered, ADF will have to ask again if this small operation can be done. ADF will continue to encourage the Cambodian authorities IAPSARA National Authority, Ministry of Environment, Provincial Aulhoritiesl to officially re¢ognise the Archaeological Protected Areas and lo allocate more resources for their effective protection. The archaeological research, diffusion, communication and training will continue. ADF team will also participate in two publications in the volume dedicated to the Angkorian Wodd, published by Routledge. ADF will also intend lo finalise the publication about the 1000 ling8 and Kb81 Spean sites with the most recent maps of these two siles, on Prasat Rong Chen mountain-temple and on the earth mounds fields, discoveod thanks lo the Lidar and excavated by ADF and APSARA in 2013. Further studies and analysis from previous excavations archaeological samples and artefacls could also be undertaken such as ceramic or roof tiles studies, charcoal analysis for radiocarbon dating and tree identification, or phylolylh analysis. Page 4

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 The continuation of our collaboration with EFEOIDharma project and APSARA will allow additional surveys for the recording, rubbing and studies of unregistered ancient inscriptions in Phnom Kulen. Additional surveys to check specific archaeological features will also be undertaken and a possible excavation campaign in an angkorian hermit rock shelter will be implemented in partnership with EFEO. A Memorandum of Understanding will be signed by EFEO and ADF, lo stimulate academic exchange and cooperation in the field of South-East Asian studies. In 2022, ADF could also continue various phologrammetric acquisitions in Phnom Kulen, in collaboration with APSARA National Authority. Previous excavations al Poeng Tbal 12009 and 20121 and Poeng Eisei120201 allowed a publication about the rock shelters siles in Phnom Kulen. ADF will continue lo complete the surveys of a maximum of these sites over the years, to complete their documentation and the general archaeological map of Phnom Kulen. A particular attention will be given lo Kbal Spean where a survey should be Implemented lo locale precisely the previously and recently discovered Inscriptions on ADF'S maps, prior to the publication. ADF will also start working with the Ministry of Fine Arts and Culture of Cambodia to gather previous documentation and submit reports on artefacls that appeared lo be left on site before the Cambodian civil war and reappeared in private or public collections later on. 11 will allow the Cambodian government lo claim the repalrialion of these artefacts, strengthening the dynamic started a few years ago. ADF aims to write one report per artef8cI coming from Phnom Kulen and reappearing in these collections. In term of communication and collaboration with APSARA, UNESCO, UNDP and MOE, ADF will continue to partlClP8te to the ICC meetings lin January, June and December 20211, APSARA meetings, MOE and UNDP meetings and all events related to the Action Plan and the Phnom Kulen Management Program, and any other project related lo PKNP. The ADF Facebook page as well as ADF website will continue to be regularly updated with pictures from our various operations, to share our actions and inform our donors and partners. Regarding the development activities, the main components will continue lo be reinforced and adapted, according to their results. In ADF'S operational year 2022, ADF Income Generation IIGI team will continue lo monitor and support (financially and technically) every small farming production unit.. chicken and pig breeders. ADF will strongly encouraging them to re-invest their profit into their micro-enterprise, in order to create sustainable models, and applying a 50°/o reimbursement rate lo ADF. ADF IG team will continue to develop the IG-agriculture activities in Khnong Phnom commune villages, with the AGRISUD project, proposing altemative livelihoods lo more than 200 families. All IG beneficiaries will be registered and will continue to be monitored. ADF will also encourage its IG staff to allend technical training and will encourage exposure visit for the beneficiaries. Additional beneficiaries from Khlah Khnum village interested in pig and chicken raising will be included, within the UNDP-BESD project. Families from other villages could also be involved, if additional funding is provided by other donors. ADF will seek a new donor lo support this component, as Terre Cambodge and Frangipani Spa stopped its regular funding in March 2020, due to the C-19 crisis. If this is successful, ADF will continue ils partnership with AGRISUD International for 8 3-year period, from May 2022 to Avril 2025. The Rice bank sub-component in Thma Chruogn village will continue to be monitored, encouraging the local population and authorities lo take their ownership. Page 5

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Regarding the alternative livelihoods related to tourism, ADF will continue to support and the Anlong Thom and Popel CBTC by advising and training his team, with possible funding from HUMY NGO, interested lo support this initiative. The objectives remain lo offer tours with stronger sustainable and local impacts. The collaboration with our partner from the private sector Terre Cambodge will continue and Ms. Chhun Phirom will continue lo be employed for these activities. The hygiene project IVMSH 21 has started in January 2021, for a 2-year period, targeting 4 primary schools IPopel, Khlah Khmum, Sangke Lak and Ta Penh), continuing to address environmental, hygiene and health issues.11 has encompassed the recommendations from the WISH 1 evaluation report finalised in February 2020 and is flexible enough lo be implemented within the C-19 pandemic. ADF will implement, thanks lo the South-East Asian Foundation ISEAFI, another project ISEAF 31 lo support libraries In the primary schools of four villages (Popel, Khlah Khmum, Sangke Lak and Ta Penh). The infrastructure support to the primary school ISEAF 21 will continue with the remaining funds ISEAF 21. ADF team will continue to work closely with the local Health Centre (Anlong Thoml to assist poor people, facing emergency situation. As per the previous years, an Emergency Relief Fund will be reserved within the ADF budget, in case of major emergency for the poorest ofthe people Idomeslic fire or accident, illness, natural disaster... l. Finally, ADF Environmental Su ort will continue, as ADF is stmngly committed lo the environmental protection of the Phnom Kulen National Park, and as the MOE is seeking support from our organisalion. ADF will continue to contribute lo the Phnom Kulen Management Plan and the Action Plan, in the framework of the Phnom Kulen working group. With the assistance of UNDP, ADF will assist the MOE for the completion of these documents and studies. ADF will continue to recommend the official recognition of the archaeological protected areas IAPAI. ADF will seek for donors to implement activities corresponding to the Action Plan. ADF will continue to participate to the PES studies for the PKNP, if required. ADF will continue the dynamic initiated with BESD project, funded by UNDP and SIDA, regarding the Popel CBTC and the training of its members, with the funding from HUMY IHUMY 2 and ils continuation in 2022, HUMY 2 bisl. Anlong Thom CB TC, Anlong Thom CPA and Popel CPA will also be involved in this project to improve the management of the CBTCS, their related CPAS and the regular patrols in these 2 Community Protected Areas, as well as a support to the Phnom Kulen handicrafts producers. ADF will make sure that a maximum of households is connected to the water system in Popel and that the water committee is properly functioning. The TREE project focusing on growing saplings in tree nurseries located in three primary schools should be continued in 2021, until august 2022. A continuation of this project will be proposed lo ils donor, and an additional tree nursery should be funded by HUMY in Popel primary sch(iol IHUMY 31. ADF will continue to advise and assist the APSARA Authority and the MOE on large project such as the waterfall area I"Green zone project") and the road project crossing the PKNP. ADF will assist Iree-planting project with APSARA and MOE. The continuation of the Income Generation activities and the systematic report lo the relevant authority of illegal activities lex. logging, construction, land speculation) will also conlribuling lo assist the MOE for the protection of the National Park. Page 6

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 ADF will continue to stress Phnom Kulen National Park threat's on at every level (local, national, inlernalionall and, if funded, to implement the demarcation of additional protected areas, within the park. ADF will be associated lo the project enlilled 'lnlegrated Natural Resource Management IINRMI in the productive, natural and forested landscape of the Northern Region of Cambodia.. ADF will be associated to the project entitled "Cambodia Sustainable Landscape and Ecotourism Project ICSLEPI. a partnership project between the Ministry of Environment IMOEI and World Bank Group IWBGI, working to improve protected areas management and promote ecotourism in the Cardamom Mounlains-Tonle Sap landscape. Every ADF activities will be implemented in accordance with the Khnong Phnom Commune development Plan. To do so, ADF will continue to allend the regular meeting with the local aulhorilies. Every Mou ending in 2022 will be with the relevant authorities renewed IMOE, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation). ACHIEVEMENTS & PERFORMANCE 1. INTRODUCTION This report presents the ADF activities in Phnom Kulen during the year 2021. They are implemented by ADF within the framework of the Mous signed bel￿een the APSARA National Authority and the Ministry of Environment. ADF'S principal govemmental partners. Other governmental bodies are also involved on a local scale such as the Heatth Department (Sotr Nikuml, the Educational Department, the commune Council of Khnong Phnom Commune Isvay Leu District, Siem Reap Province). This report is divided in main parts. presenting the two axes of ADF'S activities.. the archaeological component and the development component. The last chapter presents the perspectives and the plans for the future. ADFI Phnom Kulen Pro m team for 2021 Administration finance and communication officer. Ms. Hoeung Hourapich IADFI Archaeolo ical and environmental team M. Sakhoeun Sakada (Part lime consultant, MOEI M. Nicolas Josso larchaeologist, consultant for photogrammetry, April to June) M. Lounm Leap IEFEO archaeologist, consultant for photogrammetry, April to June) M. Seng Samry IEnvironmenlal assislanll M. Yon Sokchea (Tree nursery Supervisor) Develo ment team Ms. Mien Moul Ilncome Generation Supetvisorl Ms. Bis Chhoeurng Ilncome Generation field assistant) M. Seng Samry IHygiene and sanitation Supervisor and house manager) Ms. Loem Nimul (Hygiene field assistant) M. Khen Savann (Hygiene field assislanll Ms. Chhun Phirom ICBTC supervisor, part-timel istic team Ms. Lay Thol, guard Ms. Nuon Srey Nath, cook Page 7

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 The ADF international team in 2021. M. Jean-Baplisle Chevance (Archaeologist, Phnom Kulen Program Director) All fields, activities are implemented with local partners such as the Phnom Kulen National Park Rangers, the APSARA archaeologists and guards, the Community Protected Area members of Popel and Anlong Thom villages, the Communily-based Tourism centre teams of Popel and Anlong Thom, the teachers and principals at Sangke Lak, Khlah Khmum, Anlong Thom and Ta Penh primary schools and the Anlong Thom Health Centre staff. 2. ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE ARCHAEOLOGY: FIELD OPERATIONS The 2021 archaeological activities are a continuity of the programme launched in 2008 in collaboration with the APSARA National Authority. The 2020 activities can be summarized as below. MAINTENANCE AND CONSERVATION PROGRAM: Land Mine & UXO removal There was no demining campaign in 2021, as no archaeological operation was planned. The annual demining program set up by ADF, in collaboration with CMAC and APSARA, allows the regular clearing and the maintenance of the archaeological siles in Phnom Kulen. As staled in the Mou between ADF and the APSARA National Authority. and as implemented from 2008, the ADF team is selecting the sites, after approval by APSARA, and is coordinating the demining operations with the CMAC teams. ram In addition to these demining orations related to archaeological research, ADF team reports and follows up the unexploded ordnances IUXOI founded by villagers to the local authorities. Assistance to the APSARA National Authori for herita ement in Phnom Kulen ADF is continuing ils assistance lo APSARA for the conservation and the maintenance ofthe Phnom Kulen archaeological sites. This concerns the ongoing maintenance and conservation of the monuments and sites and their respective Archaeological Protected Areas IAPA, 800 heclaresl. e mana ADF maintains a regular coordination with the APSARA deputy director, heads of departments, archaeologists, workers and guards in charge of Phnom Kulen sites, and provides assistan￿ and adVI￿S for a better heritsge management of the archaeological sites. Restoration of sandstone ceramic and metallic artefacts No ceramic or metallic artefacts required restoralionlconservation in 2021. Archaeolo ical rotgctgd areas APA The main objective of the APA is to protect the immediate environment of the archaeological siles in Phnom Kulen from damaging agriculture practices, including deforeslalion and uncontrolled fires and erosion. The idenlificalion of archaeological siles thanks lo the LIDAR was also one of the outcomes, as well as to build awareness towards the population and the local authorities on their cultural heritsge and the natural environment. After the 2017 assessment of each zone, ADF reminded APSARA National Authority to replace the broken posts demarcating the areas and submitted a report in Khmer lo APSARA on the 1 St of October 2017. It summarises the number of broken lor missing) posts for each zone. A total of 45 should be replaced, as slated in APSARA-ADF Mou, signed at the end of 2017. Page 8

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 After their official recognition by the APSARA, the Ministry of Environment and the provincial authorities of Siem Reap (May and June 20151, these zones still need a jurisdictional framework and a clear definition of the responsible authority. Presently, the APSARA National Authority, in charge of the archaeological sites in Siem Reap Province, manages them. Their exact status should be defined within the framework of the Management Plan of PKNP, implemented with the Action plan since 2018 and onward. The additional APA1799 hectares demarcated in the Phnom Kulen National Parkl was implemented in 2019 within the UNDP-BESD project around the Prasal Krohom 1 and 2 temples, the dike Thnal O, Srae, and a group or earth mounds, north of Khlah Khmum village (see below, Environmental program, UNDP-BESD project). Patrols by MOE rangers are organised since by the Ministry of Environment lo control this area. The Archaeology and Development Foundation has applied on the 30th of November 2021 to the U.S. Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation 2022 Grants Program (Concept Note for Round 1.. "Preserving an Angkorian Mountain IPAMI.. Conservation of Phnom Kulen National Park archaeological sites l. Unfortunately, ADF'S project was not selected for this 18-month project101 September 2022-28 February 2023., 96, 000 US$I. b. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, DIFFUSIONICOMMUNICATION AND TRAINING: Archaeolo ical Excavatlon cam Photo rammetric surve In march 2021, ADF requested the official aulhorisation lo undertake various phologmmmelric acquisitions in Phnom Kulen, in collaboration with APSARA National Authority. ADF archaeological research is focusing on the ancient settlements in Phnom Kulen and one of its main's objectives is lo better define them, from the early capital of Mahendraparvats Ilale 81n_early 9th cenluryl to later ones during the angkorian and post- angkorian periods. Among the most important siles of these periods are the rock shelters where hermits settled and sometimes left bas- reliefs, inscriptions and traces of wooden architecture11 Oth to 121n century). Simultaneously to ADF excavations in p￿ng Tbal and p￿ng Eisei12009, 2010 and 20121, two sites corresponding lo this important tradition in Phnom Kulen, ADF team surveyed a maximum of these sites over the years, lo complete their inventory, documentation and the general archaeological map of Phnom Kulen. Some of these results were published in 2015, in the journal Asèanie, dated from 2013 1<< P￿n9 Tbal el P￿ng Eisei, ermilages angkoriens mèconnus du Phnom Kulen ￿, Aséanie 32, Décembre 2013, p. 11-761. From April lo June 2021 and to strengthen this dynamic and complete the documentation of these sites by obtaining detailed 3 D models, ADF pro￿eded lo phologrammelric surveys in Srah Damrei, Poeng Eisei and Poeng Tbal. As the nearby temple of Prasat Damrei Krap was cleared in 2020 of vegetation thanks to APSARA'S re￿nt restoration, ADF also undertook a phologrammelric documentation of this temple. The surveys (pictures taken by camera and drones) and the 3 D model were done by Mr. Nicolas Josso, independent archaeologist and regular collaborator of the EFEO-Siem Reap Trnter. He was assisted by Mr. Fréderic Laurent, drone operator and by Mr. Lounrn Leap IEFEO Siem Reap). The ADF team and the APSARA guards of the respective siles were also Involved In the organEation of the work for the transportation of the equipment and ft)r the clearing of the small vegetation, In some ases necessary for a proper acquisition of the pictures. These clearing were completed in some ase by sweeping fallen tree leaves on rocks. The complementary topographical surveys lo localize the targets were done by Mr. Leng Sathya IAPSARAI. A first sel of pictures was taken in early April 2021 al Srah Damrei, lo ensure the technical feasibility of the 3 D models. This was 8 necessary step considering the technical complexity of the project. The team then came back to the field lo finalise the geo-localised pictures of the four selected sites. The treatment of these images was done over the summer 2021 in France by Mr. N. Josso. ai n&to hical surve archaeolo ical research: Page 9

in Indigenous Peoples, Heritage and Landscape in the Asia Pacific: Knowledge Co-production and Empowerment

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Communlcatlons As every year, ADF team presented ils activity and perspectives reports for the International Coordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of the historic sile of Angkor IlCC- Angkor) al the 341h technical session on the 26th of January 2021, originally planned in December 2020. On the 11th of October 2021, ADF presented online a second activity report lo the ICC-Angkor adhoc expert committee. Documentaries On the 4th of November 2021, ADF Director participated lo a documentary called Lost World of Angkor Wal prodU￿d by Windfall Films l Argonon, a 2 x 60, documentary for Channel 4, Discovery UK, France 5, SBS. On the 1Wh of March 2021, ADF Director participated lo a 15 minutes documentary called "Angkor, le génie aqualique" produced by ARTE, for the series of documentaries entitled "L'invitalion au voyage.. ADF team regularly update our website Iwww.adfkulen.orgl and our Facebook page where the last pictures of our main activities are displayed lwww.facebook.comladfkulenl. In 2021, an imF)Ortant page was added to ADF website lo highlight the continuous support from Terre Cambodge and Frangipani Spa to ADF with a brief report on 11 years of support for the Phnom Kulen Program 12010-20211. htt s.Ilwww.adfftulen.or ladf-_ hnom-kulen-8nd-lerre-C8mbod e.html An additional page was also added to define ADF'S general strategy." hll s."lkn.adfkulen.or strale .hlml lour- Trainin of Cambodian archaeolo ists There is a close collaboration between the APSARA Authority and ADF archaeologists. This is providing a platform for field training lo the APSARA local staff larchaeologisl and local workers) during all activities (excavations, surveys, APA surveys and management, site management... l. The 2021 field activities associated the APSARA archae01￿1sts and workers to the photogrammelric surveys in Phnom Kulen Isee above). DEVELOPMENT: FIELD OPERATIONS Overview.. sin￿ its conception, the Archaeology & Development Foundation has closely linked the axes of ils action on the field. The beneficiaries of the development activities, the population of Phnom Kulen, have suffered from a dark chapter in Cambodia history and civil war. The side effects are still very tangible today.. lack of Irusl, lack of public infraslruclures, lack of access to healthcare, food, nutrition and sanilalion, lack of education and awareness, difficulties to bring products lo market, low reSoUr￿S from the governmental bodies (Health dpt, Education dpl, Police, Ministry of Environment... i. Some of the schools are facing an important turn over as qualified teachers are reluclanl lo work in Khnong Phnom commune, and facilities are poor as compared to other communes in Siem Reap province. This results in inadequate education for the children rendering yel another generation that is very likely lo fall into the povety. There Is only one secondary school and one health centre for nine villages of the commune (Khnong Phnom, 4750 inhabitants In 20211. For a significant percentage of this population, peace and stability is enough and they don't see the need for further change and development. Breaking the poverty cycle in any context is challenging. For this population located on a remote plateau with a difficult access, it is even more problematic. An important proportion of the population in Khnong Phnom commune live in extreme poverty or poverty, surviving on 'day lo day bases. Others are now wealthier thanks lo the illegal cultivation of Cashew nuts. Page 11

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Seasonal food shortages continually affect some of the population of Phnom Kulen. The ramifications of food shortages are numerous, the most notable are family health and wellbeing. Sickness exacerbates the multitude of issues that poor families have lo endure, further interning them into the poverty cycle. A large proportion of the poor people are suffering from the lack of liquid assets. They are subsislenl famiers and have little lo no money lo buy the basic necessities to attain the very basics of life.. soap for personal and family hygiene, fundamental household materials, cooking pols andlor basic repairs to their dwellings andlor basic farming tools. However, the new road being built from Svay Leu to the checkpoint on the wesl side of Kulen is now changing this general dynamic. The southern villages of Anlong Thom, Thma Chruogn and Ta Penh are now accessible by car. Tourist Inalional or foreigners) Can now visit these villages and the archaeological siles nearby. The C-19 pandemic has slopped all international tourism In Cambodia bul many Cambodians are now able to travel lo national parks and sites in their country. As in December 2021, the section of this new road, from Svay Leu to Preah Ang Thom, was requiring a few more months lo be finalised. The second section, from Preah Ang Thom lo the western heckpoinl of the park will start In a second phase. The northem villages IPopel, Khlah Khmum and Sangke Lakl remain Isolated with very difficult access road. Other govemment bodies, for example the Ministry of Environment IMOEI and the police. have limited resource. The result of this is a lack of law enforcement, illegal logging, poaching, illegal building and house construction, a general depletion of the environmental natufftl recourses," which are having serious consequences for the water of Angkor Park and Siem Reap town, as Phnom Kulen is the n8tuol water tank of the region. For the last 30 years, Phnom Kulen National Park faced a very important deforestation mostly due lo the slash and burnt practice, combined with the illegal cultivation of cashew nul. Illegal logging of large trees and hunting are still observed. However, and for the last few years, ranger patrols have been more active and these practices have reduced, at least in the southern part of the plateau, where the population is concentrated. Under the development program, ADF has sel up four main components lo address these issues.. 11 Income Generalionlalternalive livelihoods, 21 Hygiene and sanitalionlEmergency Relief, 31 Educational support, and 41 Environmental component. They are all tailored-made to the Kulen problematic and are implemented in coordination with the Khnong Phnom Commune Development plan, the Ministry of Environment and the APSARA Authority. The 2021 activities are presented below. INCOME GENERATION {IGIIALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD PROGRAM ri¢ulture alternative livelihood The objective remains the same as the previous years.. lo enhance and develop alternative income generation aclivilies, with the purpose of encouraging the Phnom Kulen population to move away from their current unsustainable, illegal and destructive practi￿S Imono-cullure of cashew nuts and slash-and-burnl lo sustainable and environmentally friendly income generation activities. As behaviour change is a process taking time, this comF)onenl has lo aim towards positive examples and repetition. 11 is therefore the most challenging component of ADF within the development component. ADF agriculture alternative livelihood Reminder.. As for the previous 11 years (since 20101, ADF continued In 2021 the support lo local communities and villagers from Khnong Phnom commune. ADF propose technical assistance and materials for the families lo undertake animal raising (chicken, pigl. In 2021, the direct beneficiaries of ADF IG comF)onenl were the same as in 2020". 9 families raising chicken 11 in Ta Penh, 5 in Anlong Thom, 3 in Phum Thmeyl, 4 families raising pigs11 in T8 Penh, 1 in Sangke Lak 8nd 2 in Page 12

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Phum Thmeyl. This was completed by numerous families reached by the two other related projects, both started in 2019 {ADFI AGRISUD project and UNDP-BESD project,. see 2020 report and below). ADF IG team continued to monitor these animal raisers and provided material if needed. ADF also invited veterinarian (From the Agriculture Dpt, Svay Leu Dislricll to monitor pig farmers and lo vaccinate the animals 3 limes for each farmer. He specifically came to check animal with issues on the 8lh of March 2021. With the objective lo transform these producers into independent local entrepreneurs, ADF encouraged them lo contribute with their incomes lo the costs. This allows taking ownership for their business, ensuring sustainable alternative incomes. Beneficiaries were previously asked to repay back lo ADF'S IG accounts 50.kn of the amount spent for the materials and equipment they received from ADF. From January 2019 to December 2020, ADF applied the 75.kn rale for the reimbursements, lo encourage the beneficiaries to be responsible. From January 2021, ADF ollecled these reimbursements on a 50'k rate again as most of farmers had difficulties to pay back a higher rate. They were collected from pig farmers, rice bank and mushroom producers leven though this last activity was stopped being supported by ADF in 2018, but some of the previous beneficiaries still had lo reimburse ADFI, and they were reused for the IG program. UNDP-Funded ADF agriculture alternative livelihood Reminder.. Since 2019 and over the year 2020, ADF received funds from UNDP Cambodia and SIDA within the BESD project to provide alternative livelihoods lo Khlah Khmum villagers in Kulen, in relation with the creation of a protected area lo the north of the village (see below, Environmental componenll. In 2020, ADF team has proposed alternative livelihood activities to the villagers of Khlah Khmum. They selected chicken and pig raising. Al the end of the year 2020, 2 families were raising chicken and 11 families were raising pigs in Khlah Khmum village. ADF provided technical advices and material Ipiglels and chicks, nets, nails, cement, bricks, water tanks and feeding lanksl, with funds from the BESD project. In 2021, ADF team continued lo follow up these families and extended the animal raising activities with the BESD-PES project to a total of 31 families. 2 families for chicken raising in Khlah Khmum and 29 families for pig raising124 in Khlah Khmum and 7 in Anlong Thoml. See below the UNDP-BESD-PES project IEnvironmental componenll. AGRISUD and ADF joint-project in Khnong Phnom Commune IIADA-21 Reminder". The partnership between ADF and AGRISUD International started in may 2019 with a signature of a Memorandum of Understanding and the beginning of the field activities. AGRISUD International is active in Cambodia since 1995 on supporting family farms lo improve their activities for a better and sustainable livelihood. The project"Agroecological and diversification family farming in peri-urban of Siem Reap Province" {IADA-21 is ongoing since May 2016 supporting 820 small agricultural family enterprises to help them increase their income and living conditions. The concept developed with ADF and AGRISUD is lo expend this project lo more beneficiaries offering various alternatives to the population, adapting il lo the commune of Khnong Phnom specificities, and including ADF existing direct beneficiaries. The partnership of both organizalions commenced in June 2019 with a joint rapid assessment, closely followed by an introduction and dissemination meeting in the 5 legal villages of Anlong Thom, Thma Chrougn, Ta Penh, Sangke Lak and Khlah Khmum. The main purpose ofthe village meetings was lo explain to the existing beneficiaries and the potential new beneficiaries the partnership of ADF and AGRISUD, the benefit of the new synergy of the combined experience of both organizalions, and finally the strategy for new agriculture I IG aclivilies. The agreement between ADF and AGRISUD consists in a partnership where both organisalions join their funds in the same project. ADF continues to pay for the costs of ADF IG component (salaries of both Ms. Mien Mout and Ms. Bis Cheung. their operational cost.. Iransportalion costs, monitoring I reporting costs, stationery, material for ADF beneficiaries, etc... l. AGRISUD covers their stsff operational costs, all material for the new 120 families, and AGRISUD staff salaries. AGRISUD benefits from ADF'S extensive knowledge of Phnom Kulen National Park IPKNPI, its population and their local agricultural habits, the local network of influential people and local authorities Ivillage chief, Commune chiefj, the provincial authorities and the national authorities (Ministry of Environment, Page 13

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Provincial Department of Environment and APSARA National Aulhorityl. ADF staff gains in professionalism, learning from AGRISUD long experience in this field of agro-ecology, from the producers, to the group then lo the market linkage. The beneficiaries will benefit with AGRISUD approach of organizing the fami families into groups I cooperatives, with prospective new products.. black ginger, premium fruit trees and pepper. These new products have a higher value per kilogram, and markets in Siem Reap and Phnom Penh are willing lo purchase them. The project aims to set up a marketing chain, from the family to the market. From June 2019, 120 families started activities within this project.. 70 for the black ginger growing 127 in Anlong Thom, 16 in Khlah Khmum, 8 in Sangke Lak, 9 in Ta Penh, 10 in Thma Chruognl and 50 for fruit tree growing 116 types, about 1450 trees distributed, 13 families in Anlong Thom, 3 in Khlah Khmum, 16 in Sangke Lak, 8 in Ta Penh and 10 in Thma Chruognl, bringing the total of families benefiting from this project lo a lolal of 150. In 2020. the number of families benefiting from the project was extended to 28 additional families 15 families in Sangke Lak, 3 in Ta Penh and 20 in Anlong Thoml for the black ginger growing, and 10 6 families for fruit tree growing. Later in the year 2020, a black ginger producer also agreed to grow long pepper (Anlong Thom village) and 3 new farmers awepled to enrol the project.. 1 family in Anlong village (black gingerl and 2 families in Thma Chruogn village (pepper, long pepper and black ginger). The 2 demonstration farmers who started in 201911 in Sangke Lak and 1 in Anlong Thom and included in the figures above) continued their production in 2021 of vegetables, fruit trees and black ginger. In February 2021, Mr. Sros Saru (Sangke Lak village) was cultivating sugar-apple, papaya, compost (solid and liquid), bio-pesticide, banana, coconut, round eggplant, sililabuyo, bunching onion and eggfruit. Mrs. Peat Saloeum (Anlong Thom villagel was cultivating papaya, sugar-apple, compost Isolid and liquid), Chilli, passion, chinese water cress, pumpkin, round eggplant, long eggplant, bunching onion, sililabuyo, and red onion. In September Mr. Sros Saru Isangke Lak village) added custard apple and black ginger and Mrs. Peat Saloeum IAnlong Thom village) added coconut, lime, pumelo, orange, custard apple, chilli and black ginger. In October 2021, Mr. Sros Saru (Sangke Lak village) was cultivating custard apple, papaya, compost (solid and liquid), bio-pesticide, banana, coconut, round eggplant, sililabuyo, bunching onion and black ginger. Mrs. Peal Saloeum (Anlong Thom village) was cullivaling coconut, lime, papaya, pumelo, orange, custard apple, compost (solid and liquid), chilli, passion, round eggplant, long eggplant, bunching onion, sililabuyo, and black ginger. At the end of the year 2021, the joint project AGRISUD-ADF was tolalising 158 families.. 102 black ginger producers and 56 tree fruit farmers, 3 doing pepper or long pepper lone already doing black gingerl. Combined with the UNDP-BESD I PES project beneliciaries131 families for pig and chicken raising) and the ADF beneficiaries113 families for pig and chicken raising), it brings the total number of ADF beneficiaries in Phnom Kulen to 202 families. Per activity and village, they are distributed as below.. Black ginger farmers.. 102 families.. 49 in Anlong Thom village, 12 in Thma Chrougn village, 12 in Ta Penh village, 13 in Sangke Lak village, 16 in Khla Khmum village. Chicken raising families.. 11 families.. 5 in Anlong Thom village, 1 in Ta Penh village, 3 in Thmey village and 2 in Khla Khmum village. Pig raising families.. 33 families.. 6 in Anlong Thom village, 1 in Ta Penh village, 1 in Sangke Lak village, 2 in Thmey village and 23 in Khla Khmum village. Fruit trees growers.. 56 families.. 17 in Anlong Thom village, 10 in Thma Chroungn village, 10 in Ta Penh village, 16 in Sangke Lak village and 3 in Khla Khmum village. The 2 demonslralion farmers from Anlong Thom and Sangke Lak villages also growing vegetables are included in the totals above. The pepper growers are also included in the list above. In 2020, more than 4 lonnes of black ginger were distributed lo start their production as well as 2000 fruit trees. ADF and AGRISUD team continued lo monitor all beneficiaries lo ensure the quality of the practices and collect data about their incomes. The black ginger value is 14,000 riels 13.5 Page 14

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 us$IIKg. A group of 3 farmers per village was formed to buy the production from all producers. During the planting season, il was then redistributed lo the producers for the equivalent of the borrowed amount. The surplus of production is bought by the AGRISUD project. In 2021, 4,756.5 Kg of black ginger were bought from producers in Phnom Kulen11,646.5 Kg bought by AGRISUD and 3,110 Kg bought by Templalion companyl. The total production of black ginger for the year 2021 was 5,483 Kg, from the Phnom Kulen farmers. 2,146.5 Kg of this total was bought by Templalion company and 3,336.5 Kg was bought by the farmers committee. The same local donor identified by AGRISUD (Templation Holell funded a drying unit facility.11 was built in Anlong Thom village lat Mr. Ann Ravulh's house) from February lo April 2021 for collecting and processing all the black ginger production, roselle and other spices. This facility is divided into different spaces.. storing, processing and packaging and drying buildings. In July 2021, AGRISUD and ADF teams finalised the construction of a water reservoir IAGRISUD- funded) in Sangke Lak village112 ring wells surrounded by fence, 8400 litresl, capturing water al a source al 1.5 Km to the north of Ta Penh CPA village I'Teuk Tao, source), providing water lo about 60 families. For each beneficiary of the project, conlra¢ls were signed belween ADF-AGRISUD and each farmer. They present the roles and responsibilities of each parties IADFIAGRISUD and the beneficiary), in order lo engage the beneficiary lo take responsibilities. The organisalions commit lo provide trainings on strengthening agricultural techniques (production of vegetable crops and fruit Ireesl 8nd m8rketing lo farmers, to facilitate planning, implementation, revenue recording, production costs, 8nd marketing", to provide assistance, technical advices and regular monitoring", lo provide materials to farmers according to the project possibilities and upon request. The beneficiaries musl comply with the status of the organization and group of farmers, must collaborate with agri-businesses and agricultural extension officers, have lo participate in training programs and follow the instructions from the NGO technicians on agriculture, must follow the best instructions from the technicians and share good techniques with other farmers, musl commit lo grow crops and fruit trees on their farms regularly and until the end of the project, must record their amount of products borrowed and produced and must allow the visit of international and national guests and provide brief explanations. It is agreed that if a beneficiary does not comply with this agreement, he should pay back the cash equivalents of the investment with equipment. One trainer per village was assigned lor master farmerlMFI for each group of proclucers (fruit trees and black ginger). Distribution of material (watering can, shovels, hoes, green shade nels... I was also organised for each farmer. T-shirts ofthe project were also distributed to the farmers to promote Despite all the efforts, the 2020 rainy season affected the black ginger production. The September survey indicated that 60°/D of the black ginger production was damaged and that 36 /0 of the fruit trees were lost, because of the lack of water in dry season, and the roaming animal eating them. Production The Dry Spice Producer group of Khnong Phnom was sel up on the 23rd of September 2020 with 15 members (including 12 womenl. Ils objectives are to create additional Incomes for villagers. to guarantee quality and high value products all year long, and to raise capacities and skills of local producers. Their first market is the Siem Reap Green Farmers Association. The production is following the good hygiene pfftcb'ces, the 5S system (see belowl and is monitored. The dry house facility has produced from February to November 2021 398 Kg of dried roselle, 560 Kg of fresh black ginger, 57 Kg of Black ginger tea. In December 2021, the group produced 121 Kg of dried roselle from 1,987 Kg of fresh roselle. 53.5 Kg of Black ginger lea were sold to the Green Farmer association, as well as 58.8 Kg of dried roselle. In December, there was 91.6 Kg of dried roselle (from the previous stock) and 121 Kg of dried roselle lfrom the new slockl. The main problem Page 15

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 was the lack of capital for the new production in 2022 and the reinforcement of the marketing with packaging and label. Follow u of rOdu￿rS in Khnon Phnom.. The follow up of the results as well as technical advises and progresses made by every farmer is summarised by AGRISUD and ADF teams, using the KOBO data collection tool. 11 is done 2 times per month by the Master Famiers of each village, on a sample of families. The details of the frequencies of these follow up are available in AGRISUD monthly reports. AGRISUD and the Green Farmers Siem Reap association is planning lo sel up a sale point in Phnom Kulen for the locally produced Items. It would be managed by this association and would be built In Phnom Kulen. AGRISUD asked an architect to design the project for further request lo the Ministry of the Environment. Meetin s and Irainin On the 11th of February, 2021, AGRISUD and ADF teams provided a training to grade the 5 and 6th grade students from Sangke Lak primary131 students including 17 females), and Ta Penh primary school125 students including 16 females) about agricultural life skill and school gardening, under the coordination of the school principle. On the 13th of February, school animations were organised about nutrition al Sangke Lak and Ta Penh primary schools gathering 62 students lincluding female 35 studenlsl. On the 28th of February, AGRISUD and ADF teams participated lo the Khnong Phnom Commune authorities meeting, organized to monitor and evaluate the activities of relevant partners implementing projects in Khnong Phnom commune. There was 17 participants from ADF, AGRISUD, commune council, villages chef, APSARA Authority, district agriculture staff and representatives from Khnong Phnom community On the 121h of March 2021 was organised a meeting with the black ginger farmer group lo prepare for the next planting season. AGRISUD also organized a refresh training about black ginger growing on the 12th and 13th of May 2021, for 35 participants from 3 villages IThma Chrougn, Sangke Lak and Anglong Thuml. The construction of the Dry Spices Production Facility in Anlong Thom village begun in February and was achieved in April 2021. From the 18th lo 21 St of May 2021, Ms. Chey Narun and Ms. Tann Dinary, agr0-prO￿$slng and business officers from AGRISUD began the training for 15 team members (including 12 women) of the black ginger processing group about food safely, good hygiene practi￿$ IGHPI, '5S principles system Isort, set in order, shine, slandardize and suslainl and how lo use solar dryers in order lo boost production. This was repealed from June 8th to 10th 2021. The GHP rules are the following.. before production 11 leave personal items in the changing room, 21 clean hands, 31 wear production coal, hair net, gloves, mask and shoes., during production 41 clean material and equipment and 51 clean production. On the 9th of July 2021, AGRISUD and ADF teams to train the Master Farmers in the method of grafting citrus plants. On the 21sI of July 2021, Chef Eric Berrigaud from Sofitel Hotel went to visit producers on the Phnom Kulen National Park lo discover local products. To diversify the range of prodLJcts, AGRISUD initiated tests on vanilla growing in Kulen from the 4th of August in a beneficiary farm in Anlong Thom village. The same day was carried out a training for 6 Master Farmers lincluding 4 females from 5 villagesl on how to Control diseases via biological controlled agents (Trichodermal for the black ginger production. On the 51h of November 2021, following the motivation of some farmers from Phnom Kulen about pepper cultivation with ancestfftl and endemic pepper varieties, AGRISUD and ADF organized a training session112 participants, including 6 women). Fruit trees Within the AGRISUD funded project l A tree for you'l project, AGRISUD and ADF teams distributed in May 2021, 5568 fruit and forest trees Iboughl from ADF tree nurseries) to 85 families from Khnong Phnom commune. There was 15 species distributed (Burmese grape-477, Lychee-559, Jambulan plum-449, Jack fruil-352, Coconutr1183, Mulberry-15, Pumelo-301, Lime-258, Orange-207, Citrus roolstock-180, Yeang-419, Kranhong-547, Beng-286, Koki-235 and Chan Kresna-1001 Page 16

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 divided between Anlong Thom beneficiaries12800 Ireesl, Sangke Lak beneficiaries11021 Ireesl, Ta Penh beneficiaries 1568 Ireesl, Khlar Khmom beneficiaries 1310 trees) and Thma Chrounh beneficiaries1869 trees). In July 2021, 780 Neem trees were distributed to the same villagers and this was repealed in October 2021 with 512 neem trees provided lo 11 farmers from Anlong Thom village1180 Ireesl, 10 farmers from Ta Penh village1154 trees), 4 farmers from Sangke Lak village160 treesl and 3 farmers from Thma Chruogn village1118 Ireesl. In November 2021, 265 papaya trees were distributed in Anlong Thom village (Mrs. Phann Lon.. 48 trees, Mrs. Lay Thol.. 40 trees, Mrs. Heng Channak.. 32 trees, Mrs.Peal Loeum.. 35 trees), in Ta Penh village Imr. Khen Savann.. 10 trees, Mr. Tol Kreum.. 20 Ireesl and in Sangke Lak village (Mr. Sombo Vanna.. 80 Ireesl. The same month, AGRISUD and ADF teams distributed 150 passion fruit plants in Anlong Thom village (Mrs. Phann Lon.. 20 plants, Mrs. Heng Channak.. 10 plants, Mrs. Peat Loeum.. 20 planlsl and in Sangke Lak village (Mr. Sombo Vanna.. 100 plantsl. ADF- AGRISUD collaboration project with CIRD In 2020, ADF was approached by the Cambodia Institute for Research and Rural Development ICIRDI. After several exchanges, preliminary meetings were hold between CIRD, ADF and AGRISUD128th of September 20201, then ADF and CIRD1201h of November 20201, it was decided lo coordinate the respective activities of each NGO in Phnom Kulen National Park IPKNPI, in order lo avoid overlapping and to complement each other. for the benefit of the local population. CIRD is Implementing alternative livelihood in PKNP villages such as Ta Penh, Thma Chruogn and Sangke Lak (vegetable farmers and chicken raisers). CIRD had secured an agreement with AGRISUD Ipartner of ADF for the implementation of alternative livelihood aclivitiesl to implement these activities in PKNP. CIRD provide seeds and small fruit trees as well chicks and ADF and AGRISUD provide additional training to the beneficiaries. In partnership with CIRD, the ADF-AGRISUD team led the Phnom Kulen village trainers lo train the farmers of CIRD beneficiaries in 3 villageslg demonstration farmers and 105 regular farmers in Thma Chruogn, Ta Penh, and at the bottom of the Phnom Kulen, Bit Phkal. These villagers also benefiting from this organisalion with chicken raising, fruit tree and vegetable gmwing activities. In 2021, CIRD was also interested in buying trees from ADF tree nurseries (see Environmental component below). In 2021, ADF continued to be part of the'ALiSEA the Agroecology Learning alliance in South East Asia, a ne￿Ork of Agroecology practitioners and supporters (sharing and supporting common goals on agroecologyl that actively engages its members into informationlknowledge sharing and vibrant collective actions promoting an agroecological transition, and providing meaningful benefit for all participants. Eco-tourism alternative livelihood Communi -based tourism centre CBTC in Anlon Thom CAR ect 2018-2020 Reminder.. A new road crossing Phnom Kulen National Park now reaches Anlong Thom, Thma Chruogn and Ta Penh villages and allows car acTrss lo these previously remote villages. The archaeological siles close to Anlong Thom are now easier to access. The objective of the CAR project, designed by ADF team (submitted to the donor ECM travel agency in May 2018 and accepted in August 20181 Is lo create a CBTC and lo ensure that the centre will be used by and for the benefit of the Anlong Thom CPA members, as a tool to create altemative incomes from tourism. ADF and Terre Cambodge (travel company, ADF partner and donorl were closely associated lo train the Community Protected area ICPAI members, and to design and set up tourism products. The community-based tourism centre ICBTCI in Anlong Thom was built from June until November 2019. Funds from TDS travel agency were added in December 2019 lo this project, as both travel agencies are working with ADF private partner, Terre Cambodge. This centre is designed to allow additional incomes to villagers from the local tourism and a shared knowledge and increased protection of the Phnom Kulen historical sites and its natural environment. The final report was sent to the donors in January 2021. Page 17

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 2020 Anlon Thom CBTC aclivilies.. From January lo October 2020, the Anlong Thom CBTC was finalised and opened. Roles and responsibilities of the CBTC members were defined together with the CPA members, TC and ADF. The CPA is the villagerfs oryanisalion in charge of the preservation of 365 ha of preserved forest by Anlong Thom village. Because of the long-lasling history of this slruclure, ADF was inclined to use il forlhe management ofthe CBTC. Ilwas also recommended by the MOE. However, the CBTC was requiring more and various positions Imolo drivers, cook, guide... I than the CPA and therefore the 2 structures are closely linked bul their organisalion charts Slight￿ different. Anlong Thom CPA is hosting the CBTC and the CBTC team manages the centre. TC was providing technical help to define the CBTC touristic offers, the training of the CBTC members and ensured the promotion of the centre. ADF was proving the general follow-up of the project and technical assistan￿ and specific trainings. The organisation of this structure was done progressively during the year 2020, together between CBTC, TC et ADF members. ADF has hired on a part-time basis from April to December 2020 Ms. Chhun Phirom, TC staff, as a manager for this project. She was in charge of setting up the centre and its organisalion. This includes the trainings of the CBTC members and the definition of the good prartices and security measures for visitors and staff, the hygiene and environmental rules for visitors and staff, check-up lists and security regulation for molo-drivers, hygiene rules and menu lists with environmenl8lly-friendly packaging and internal rules of the CBTC. Several documents were designed such as the visitor recording system, receipts and invoices from CBTC and parking, motorbike check-list for moto drivers, emergency conl8Ct list, contract for cooks, drivers and local guides. ADF has also hired a person on a part-time basis contract to run the centre fmm October to December 2020 and continued over a few months in 2021 Isee below). Others CBTC members would be paid on a task-basis, according to their responsibilities.. 2 local guides, 3 cooks, 14 moto drivers. Other responsibilities were defined such as CBTC fund manager, secretary, maintenance, tree nursery and vegetable garden, camping manager, tools and equipment manager, for a total of 17 persons. Activities such as tree nursery and vegetable garden were requested by the CBTC team lo provide additional incomes. They benefitted from ADF experience and training in vegetable farming and tree nursery lo start these aclivilies. The centre also displays local handicrafts products Imals, baskets, knives... l. These traditional objects are crafted by elders in villages. This know-how is threatened to disappear if it is not transmitted and supported by a larger market. The centre aims lo encourage their production and sales, bringing additional incomes to this vulnerable population. The CBTC will provide direct income to the associated team and handicrafts prOdU￿r$ but also indirect incomes lo the animal raisers and vegetable farmers providing food for the lunch packages, and others such as gasoline and mechanic shops. From April to June 2020, Ms. Chhun Phirom and the CBTC staff undertook surveys lo define the tours that could be offered to the visitors, particularly lo the south and east of Anlong Thom village where there are more archaeological remains. Three tOLJrs were defined and include ancient sites, preserved forested areas, and cultivated areas. Services are offered on a daily basis as visitors come for a day from Siem Reap. Walking tours were preferred to tours with molotaxis,. others are combining both. Drivers lake turn so every one of them can get incomes. The prices for each of these tours have been calculated by Terre Cambodge and include the local guide, the price of mototaxis, meals, water and a snack. They range from 17.5 US $ 10 58 US$ per person, according to number of guests. These prices are calculated based on costs and include a margin forthe CBTC. A Facebook page has been created Ihtlps".Ilwww.facebook.eomlPhnomKulenCommunityl lo promote the CBTC. The rules for'posl" have also been defined jointly between the CBTC and TC, in order to avoid selfies, ensure consistency and a quality of service. This page is managed by Ms. Chhun Phirom lADF￿C-cBTCS supervisor), Mr. Heng Puthea IAnlong Thom CBTC managerl, M. Page 18

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Laurent Holdener (Terre Cambodge Director) and Mr. Rath Roeuy (CPA manager in PKNPI. It promotes the centre via Facebook, a very popular social ne￿Ork in Cambodia. A welcome booklet has also been designed lo be presented lo visitors upon arrival at the CBTC. It presents the predefined maps and routes. These routes have not been indicated on the general map so they can not to be photographed or copied, and thus avoid going through the ServI￿S of the CBTC. Following the start of Covid-19 crisis in March and April 2020, and the reactions lo it, some Cambodians camped near the river passing just north of the Anlong Thom CPA, at three distinct points (Peam Kre, O'Ta Chok, O'chup Thnall. The Anlong Thom CPA members therefore tried lo organize these areas to lake advantage of the economic benefits of these campsites. They invested in buying tents, building toilets and doing some clearing by the river lo sel up the lenls. It was not the Intention of TC or ADF to encourage the practice of camping In these conditions, bul with no Choi￿ regarding this situation, ADF and TC provided their advice lo Improve these camping conditions. On a fourth location, the Angkorian dyke of Thnal Dac, members of the CPA had previously built picnic kiosks. ATC and ADF helped define the prices for the rental of kiosks, equipment, security and parking, and finally the prices of the meals offered. The training of the CBTC team has been continuous since May 2020. It is provided by Ms. Chhun Phirom and has been focused on the reception and management of groups of visitors. training in hygiene rules for cooks and rules safety for mototaxis, and finally the preservation of the environment and waste management. A water filter was purchased by ADF out of the project budget. 11 allows CBTC members to fill their aluminium gourds. These, as well as a g8rbage bag, were provided free ofcharge by Terre Cambodge for each memberofthe CBTC. Mr. JB Chevance also provided two introductory sessions to the archaeology and history of Phnom Kulen to members of the CPA and the CBTC lJune 3rd and November 18lh 20201. The training and support lo CBTC members of Anlong Thom by Ms. Chhun Phirom continued over 2021, thanks lo another similar and simultaneous project in the village of Popel ICBTC of Popell, funded by the UNDP (United Nations Development Program, see ADF environmental component below) and to HUMY'S support Isee below). ADF also provided training for CBTC members for the nursery and vegetable garden. The CBTC also aims lo increase awareness of the natural and archaeological sites of the Anlong Thom region lo visitors and local population. This included designing the information panels and maps presented in the cenlre. The ￿ntre and ils interior volumes were designed in part taking into account the existen￿ of information panels. Several were designed, printed and installed. All of these panels were designed by Mr. JB Chevance and Ms. Chhum Pirom. The English lexls were translated into Khmer by Mr. Sakhoeun Sakada and Ms. Hoeung Hourapich IADFI. Once the texts and design were validated by ADF and TC, they were printed in Siem Reap then transported and installed in the building the days before the official opening of the cenlre. A volunteer photographer Imr. Keo Kosall was kind enough lo take several photo shoots to illustrate some of the information boards (agricultural activities, livestock and local crafts, identity photos of the CBTC members). The centre was officially opened on the 111h of November 2020, in presen￿ of Mr SUN Kong, Provincial Director of the Environment Iministry of the Environmenll, of the team of CBTC and CPA of Anlong Thom, of the team of ADF and Terre Cambodge (Mr. Laurent Holdenerl, representatives of local authorities and villagers. In total, about a hundred people were present. This ceremony included the prayers and blessings of the bonzes of Anlong Thom Pagoda, a series of speeches Imr. SUN Kong, Mr. PHANN Phin, Mr. JB Chevancel followed by the official opening, the visit from the centre and a meal. These speeches gave the occasion to present the objectives of the centre lo a greater number of villagers. Two sets of T-shirts I polo shirts were designed and distributed to each of the CBTC members. On November 4th 2020, H.E. SAY Samal, Minister of Environment of Cambodi8, presented the third prize for the best CPA in the country to the Anlong Thom CPA. This was an encouraging sign. However, the success of the CBTC depends on ils good management and on maintaining the quality of the tourist offer. Page 19

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 In December 2020, a report was submitted to ECM, TDS and TC lin French) to detail all activities and expenses of the CAR project. The remaining funds11,312 US$) were requested to be used for the follow up of the Anlong Thom CBTC over the following year. The Along Thom CBTC was operational in 2021. It was nevertheless ne￿$Sary to continue training his team, and to continue lo ensure his promotion. The Covid-19 crisis allows this centre to run it with local or expalriale visitors but they were still improvement to do, including.. Improve the centre's accounts with its income lin particular the number of people for each of the tours, the selling prices, the costs and profits per monthl and its expenses, with monthly return lo ADF and TC. Present the tours in Khmer on the FB page with descriptions, photos, prices, etc. Promote the centre to local travel agencies. Ensure good camping conditions, while respecting the quality of service and the environment. Communl -based tourlsm centres CBTC ect UNDP-BESD ro ect HUMY 1 and HUMY 2 In Anlon ro ects. Thom and Po el In 2021: CAR ro The activities form the AT-CBTC were strongly impacted by the C-19 pandemic, as very few visitors came and booked tours from the cenlre. ADF and TC took this opportunity to reinforce the CBTC members capacities and lo better organise the centre management. During the year 2021, ADF reinforced the capacities of the AT CBTC with different projects. From January to June 2021 and thanks lo the UNDP-BESD project and the Popel CBTC support, ADF supported the 2 ￿ntreS with the salary of Ms. Chhun Phirom, salaries of the CBTC leaders and the training of their teams by TC and ADF. The remaining fvnds of the CAR projecl11,312 US$, see ADF 2020 report) were used for the payment of ADFITC CBTC supervisors IMS. Chhun Phirom, from July lo September 20211 as well as 2 CBTC managers (from January to June 20211. Later in 2021, ADF secured some funds with HUMY French NGO to support Anlong Thom and Popel CBTCS from October 2021 to March 2022 IHUMY 2 projecll. These funds ensured numerous trainings, forest patrols and payments to ADFtrc CBTC supervisors IMS. Chhun Phiroml as well as 2 CBTC managers (see below for more details on each projeclsl. Over the year 2021, several documents and guidelines were designed lo facilitsle and beller organised the AT-CBTC.. the receipts note books, the safety check list for molo driver before taking visitors, the emergency contact numbers. the rules for CPAICBTC members, ID Cards for each CBTC members, a signboard outside Indicating the location of the centre from the main road. the CBTC accounting system, a general guideline for the local guide for Anlong Thom and Popel CBTC. an archaeological summary guide for Anlong Thom CBTC and the prices of the tours offered by kx)th CBTCS. Numerous meeting between ADF and the two CBTC teams were organised over the year 202110 coordinate and agree on these documents. UNDP-BESD-PES project for Popel CBTC Please refer to the UNDP-BESD-PES projects below lenvironmental component). HUMY 1 project From May lo June 2021, HUMY NGO supported a project exclusively dedicated to Popel CBTC 11,170 US $ received on the 22nd of April 20211. This project comes as complementary project to the UNDP-BESD-PES one. The main objective of this project was lo provide the last infrastructures and material necessary for the communily-based tourism ￿ntre ICBTCI related to the Popel Community Protected Area ICPAI. ADF and ils private partner Terre Cambodge set up a CBTC managed by the Popel CPA members. The centre objective's is lo offer general information and tours to local and international lourisls, and to bring economic benefit for the villagers. It also allows a shared knowledge and an increased protection of the Phnom Kulen bio-diversity. The Popel CBTC was set up by ADF with Page 20

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 the support of the UNDP-BESD project. It was meant lo open in April 2021. However, the Covid 19 pandemic has delayed the opening and additional light infrastructures and materials were necessary lo have a fully operational centre. Itwas finally open in De￿mber 2021 Isee UND-BESD- PES projecti. The project supported by HUMY 1 provided.. The construction of a kitchen for Popel CBTC, used by Popel CBTC trained cooks, in order to provide lunch for visitors. It was built by a local builder and has a ￿ment slab, brick wall up to 1,2m, metsllic structure and a teen sheet roof. It is large enough lo provide Spa￿ and hygienic conditions lo cook meals for the tours. 2 checkpoint booths". The first one was built by a local builder al the entrance of the CPA on the Preah Ang ThomlPopel main road with a cement slab, a metsllic structure, wooden wall and a lin sheet roof. The second one at Veal Ta Lo was built buy the CPA members with concrete basis for the 4 pillars, wood from the CPA lunder the approval of the PKNP rangers, dead tree cut on site in pillars, boards and beams) and a locally-made thatch roof. The objective of these 2 checkpoints is to control the access of the CPA and lo facililale the sale of the CBTC tours. The costs for one short video13'1, shoot by a young team of Cambodians, promoting the PP CBTC. The Covid-19 pandemic has prevented ADF lo open the Popel CBTC in April 2021 and to promote it by posting this video on the Facebook page of the Popel CBTC Ihtt s'.Ilwww.facebook.comlPo elcommunil ProtecledAreal. The Popel CBTC was finally open officially on the 12th of De￿mber 2021 and the video was posted on the 22nd of December 2021. HUMY 2 The main objective of this project, implemented from October 2021 to March 202216,771.2 US$ on the 16th of Sept 20211, was lo provide the necessary training for the two Community-based Tourism Centres (Popel and Anlong Thom CBTCS) members and their related Community Protected Area ICPAI members In Phnom Kulen National Park IPKNPI. The project aimed lo develop the capacities of these villagers by providing training sessions regarding tourism management, environmental education,. protection, law enforcement and patrolling. The training of the CPA members was divided be￿een thematic provided by various partners.. a Terre Cambodge Cambodian guide, familiar with PKNP for tourism and hospitality training, PKNP rangers and PDOE staff for forest patrolling, and long-experienced and successful community-based cenlres in other provinces, for management of CBTC and patrolling. For both CBTCS, a first training was given by Mr. Ratana from the 2nd to the 4th of November 2021 about tourism and hospitality. A second training was given by the Provincial Dpt of Environment IPKNP Director) and Park rangers about patrolling and law enforcement Itheorelical and pfficticall, on the 10th and 11th of November (for Anlong Thom CPA members) and 24th and 25th of November 2021 (for Popel CPA members). The 2 CPA members were trained to develop local patrols to better protect their CPA from the identified threats." illegal logging, poaching and hunting, encroachment and deforestslion for farming. Trainings focused on use of the applications for patrolling (Timeslamp, Avanza maps, GPS lesl, Google map, Google earthl, a simplified knowledge of the Protected A￿a laws and CPA rules, the law enforcement with the recording of illegal activities and procedures for reporting to MOE (form lo fill, phone call, Telegram group... l. Field sessions were oryanised lo practice the use of the applications and the reporting system. For both CBTC and CPA members, a two-day exposure visit was oryanised by ADF on the 7th and 8th of December 2021 to the Be Treed Eco-tourism centre in Phnom Thnaol I Phnom Pok Wildlife Sanctuary, Preah Vihear province, run by Mr. Ben Davis and his wife Sharyn. The program of the visit and training entitled 'Patrolling in Protected areas by local communities" was divided be￿een theoretical and practical parts. The Iirsl part allowed the presentation of the respective projects and teams and their conservation issues, the main faunalflora species in each area, the different methods of surveillance (camera traps for wildlife, drones and satellite imagery... I, the patrolling and law enforcement (basic rules of patrolling, use of applications (Timeslamp, Avanza maps, GPS lesl, google map, google earth, senlinel-hubl, communications Ilcom... I, simplified knowledge of the Protected Area laws and CPA rules, protected area zoning and demarcation, the recording of illegal activities and prO￿dureS for reporting lo MOE Ifomi to fill, phone call, Telegram group .. l. Discussions also involved the community involvement, environmentsl awarenesslEducation, Page 21

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 communily-based tourism cenlres, tourism revenues, CPA members Training, NGO and Gvt support. The practical training Iday 21 focused on patrolling (divided in 2 groups) with discussions about field problematics. These patrolling training sessions were organised from October lo December 2021 and field patrols in PKNP only started in January 2022. Regular funded patrolling allows CPA members from Popel and Anlong Thom and a PKNP rangers from the MOE lo visit their respective protected area on weekly basis, lo prevent illegal activities. The reporting system was oryanised with patrol and attendance forms, pictures, recording treks on Avenza softhare with smartphones. This trekking application was chosen rather than GPS, requiring a computer. 11 can be completed by other application georeferencing pictures, in case of illegal activities. SinTr January 2022, patrols are organised randomly (not the same day every week and not the same area within each CPA) one lo twice a week and monitored by ADF-PDOE teams, with a systematic report for each patrol (track location, time of departure and arrival, form to complete with participants, reporting form, pictures... I sent to two specially created Telegram groups lone for each CPA) and addressed to all partners involved IMOE, PDOE, Park direction, CPA and CBTC Members, ADF, TC, HUMY. .). As for the HUMY 1 project, ADF worked in close collaboration with local authorities and the Ministry of Environment lin charge of Phnom Kulen National Parkl and particularly with the Phnom Kulen National Park rangers and the Provincial Department of Environment IPDOEI. A promotion video13'1 was also ordered to promote the Anlong Thom CBTC. However. it was not posted before the end of 2021, as the C-19 pandèmic restfftin lo promote the centre. Six walkie- 181kies were bought for Popel CPA and CBTC teams. A second component within the HUMY 2 pmject aimed to support and promote the PKNP handicofts producers. Tmditional objects (mostly mats, baskets, cutlasses and knives) are crafted by vulnerable elders in Phnom Kulen villages and this know-how is threatened lo disappear, if il is not transmitted and supported by a larger market. The project aims lo transmit this knowledge of making these environmentally friendly products to younger generation and to promote them at the CBTCS and other selling points in Siem Reap of Phnom Penh, offering additional incomes to the artisans. A video, a banner, a leaflet and a catalogue were produced, distributed and promoted on social media. A distribution name was created with ils logo (Kulen Crafts with a Facebook page.. htt s'.Ilwww.facebook.comlKulencraftsl. The item list was defined, with their corresponding prices. A traditional mat weaver from Sangke Lak village was identified for her advanced skills Ims. Chheun Tevl and selected as a trainer for other women willing to join the training sessions. From October lo November 2021, and over 6 days120th 21st 2Ph and 28th of October,. 3Td and 4th of November 20211, 8 women from Sangke Lak village {from 33 to 68 years old) joined a first training, producing 42 mats. The trainings sessions were organised as follow.. a general discussion about the experiences of weaving mats, learning techniques to mix the pigments with pandan leaves and to mix the pigment lo gel different colour, leam weaving with different patterns, and finally, exchanging on each trainee final product. Every trainee expressed the desire lo continue lo produce mats and lo be helped lo sell their products. The training of the mal weaver from Anlong Thom village was organised for January and February 2022. The training of the basket weaver and blacksmiths could not happen due to the difficulty of finding trainees willing to leam these ancestral techniques. This will be attempted again in 2022. Develo ment of eeo-tourism and ADF Cambod e travel a enc Reminder.. In order lo create another source of income for the villagers, ADF previously helped Terre Cambodge to select families who are willing to develop home stays in Anlong Thom and Sangke Lak villages. Terre Cambodge built toilets for the beneficiaries and they received cooking and hygiene training. The tour organiser can also buy the products farmed by the villagers Ivegetable, mushrooms, fish, chicken). ADF has also advised Terre C8mbodge lo select motivated villagers lojoin the group of visitors, as a local guide. Having westerners, visitors in their households, or being a local guide, also provide an opportunity for a unique cultural exchange, for both visitors and villagers. resentations to visitors from Terre From January lo March 2020, this Income generationlagriculture project IIGI component was still Page 22

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 supported by Terre Cambodge travel Agency and Frangipani Spa. Due to the C-19 pandemic, international tourism has completely slopped in Cambodia in March 2020 and these donors were no longer able to support any longer ADF. From March 2020 onward, it was no longer funded by these donors bul financial reserve of funds was made over these years of regular funding, and ADF was able lo go through the years 2020 and 2021 by using them. ADF continued to re￿1ve the financial support another associated lour operator Ichamaeleon Sliftung, November 2020 and April 20211, lo sustain the Income generation IIGllalternalive livelihood program. The regular donation from a faithful private donor {Mr. Eric 8ettens and his friends) was also fully allocated lo the Income Generation Component. In retum, ADF provides presentations to the visitors from these tour operators about the ADF activities. Visitors are encouraged lo give private donations in cash lo ADF, which are dedicated lo the IG budget. In some cases, if the tours are long enough, visitors can also participate in the IG activities with the beneficiaries lex. help the farmer lo maintain his vegetable farml. There were only a few presentations done from February to March 2020 as no more visitors came later on. This situation remained the same over the year 2021 with the exception of one group which came in February 2021 la private visit of the French Ambassador in Cambodia and her friends). It was guided by ADF director using Terre Cambodge and the Anlong Thom CBTC services in Phnom Kulen. Rice Bank in Thma Chruo n villa Reminder". The ADF input and support for the Riee Bank, sel up in 2013 in Thma Chruogn village, is now mainly of a technical nature, guidance, monitoring and recording. The objective of this project is to alleviate food insecurity amongst the target population. The concept is similar lo a bank". beneficiaries can borrow rice when they have a shortage of supplies and have to give il back with a low interest, after the harvesting season lusually in November each yearl. The beneficiaries are divided into 8 groups of household members, an equivalent to 34 families. The rice bank committee consists of 4 permanent members who are organizing in-house activities, ranging from adminislralion to the maintenance of the rice bank. They are also responsible for lending to and collecting rice from the household members. 13 families borrowed rice in 2020, 18 families in 2019, 24 families in 2018, 27 families in 2017, 39 families in 2016, 23 families in 2015 and 34 families in 2014. Less families lend lo borrow over the years. This shows food security in this village is less a problem than before. On the 1211 of January 2021, the rice bank collected rice from farmers for a total of 4,484 Kg. The number of borrowers in 2021 was 10 families (total of 60 persons, including 27 female). 2,900 Kg of ri￿ were distributed to villagers, and the remaining 1,584 Kg were kept in rice bank. On two occasions during the year 2021, the borrowers who could not reimburse by rice reimbursed the bank with the equivalent of the rice market price11 Kg-0.3 US$) in cash.. on the 201h of Jan 2021 1283.5 US$, 1.134.000 Riels1945 Kg) and on the 30th of November 2021 1172 US$, 688.000 Riels1574 Kg). These sums were inlegraled Into the ADF IG component, together with the reimbursement of farmers lex-mushroom produTrrs and pig raisersl. The 65 Kg left correspond lo the loss due to the pest infiltration and weather impact on the total rice weight. Hygiene and sanitation programlEmergency Relief iene and sanitation ram.. the WISH 2 Reminder.. The WISH (Water In-environmental Sanitation & Hygiene) 1 project, focusing on Hygiene and sanitation, was designed and proposed lo the Almayuda Fundacion (Spain) in March 2018 and started in June 2018. The IhnsH 1 project was based on the Karolinska Institute report from the assessment of the Start Me Up ISMUI project, but also on the activities undertaken by ADF in Sangke Lak primary school, with the KURERE project IKUlen REhabilitalion & REgeneralion project), from September 2016 to February 2018. The objective of the project was lo promote and disseminate correct personal hygiene behaviour change, building and expanding on the successful KURERE project. The project aimed lo promote Page 23 ro ect

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 and develop Water Sanitation and Hygiene facilities in two primary schools on the plateau of Phnom Kulen National Park (Klah Khmum, Sangke Lakl. The project was combining hygiene Imultiple daily hand washing and teeth brushing, regular nail-cutting, weekly training sessions) and environmental awareness practices (regular school cleaningl. Both inlervenlions will foster preventative healthy behaviour to primary school children, resulting in affirmative life skill behaviours. The third inletvention was lo rehabilitate or built efficient water systems and hygiene facilities in the primary school ofTa Penh, Sangke Lak and Khlah Khmum. The project started in June 2018 with an assessment or baseline survey until August 2018 (See ADF 2018 activity report). Almayuda Fundacion represenlalives visited the Phnom Kulen schools with ADF team late February 2019. Two reports were submitted lo the donors lin April 2019, covering the period from June 2018 to March 2019 and in June 2019, covering the period from April 2019 to June 20191. These project reports narrate the activities Implemented during the first 12 months of the WISH project lJune 2018 to June 20191, presenting every activity, challenges met and solutions found, as well as plans for the futures and expenses and were summarised in the 2019 ADF activity report for the Charity Commission. The WISH 1 project was originalty planned from June 2018 to May 2020 124 monlhsl. Due to the C-19 crisis and the closure of all schools in Cambodia on the 1Th of March 2020, il was decided with Almayuda Fundacion to shorten it until the end of April 2020, one month prior lo the original closing date. The remaining budget was used for an adapted project IC-19 WISH, see below). Before the end of the C19-WISH project, another project (WISH 21 extended lo additional schools, was submitted for funding to Almayuda Fundacion. The final report for the WISH 1 project was submitted to Almayuda Fundacion in May 2020 and w8S summarised in the ADF 2020 report. The C19-WISH report was also summarised in this report and submilled lo the Almayuda Fundacion in January 2021 and is summarised below. The VWSH 1 external and independent evaluation started in November 2019 until February 2020. It assessed how the project performed and provided recommendations for further action. It was done by medical sludenl Mr. Sebastian Von Shreeb and his assistant Ms. Kong Leaksmy lal no cost for the project). A mixed methods approach was applied, including research-adminislered surveys, semi-slruclured interviews, sile inspection, microbiological lesling and analysis of health centre admission data. The result was a high-quality report, evaluating positively the methodology and the results of the VMSH 1 project. The Evaluation report encapsulated some very positive results and findings, alongside with 17 recommendations. They included a filler water campaign, a module on menstrual hygiene, a review of hygiene teaching methods, fact-checked health information for monthly leaching sessions and educational opportunities for staff-training. Some of them were piloted from February 2020 bul had lo stop from the 1 Ph of March 2020, as all school in Cambodia were closed due to the Covid 19 pandemic. Others recommendations, such as the expansion of the project in the nearby schools of Ta Penh and Popel las requested by their teachers and where ADF has an important level of Involvement for the development of the villages." agrICu￿Ure alternative livelihoods, tree nursery, forest zoning and protection, CBTC, water systemsl, where water and sanitation facilities were missing and with numerous children registered, required a larger project and were therefore included into the WISH 2 project. Other challenges remained and should also be addressed in a future project". For instance, the evaluation found high levels of faecal conlaminalion in the tap water the children drink from. Also, a large majority still practice open defecation, which contaminates soil and water sources. Project staff lack basic education in the concepts of water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as the principles of health behaviour change. Moreover, girls largely lack access lo any information about menstrual hygiene management. Finally, there is a large risk that achieved improvements will be lost if involvement in the schools ends abruptly. Page 24

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 The COVID 19 Water In-emergency Sanitstion & Hygiene IC-19 WISHI project was adapted from the WISH 1 project, after the C-19 global pandemic struck the world in the first quarter of 2020. It started in May 2020 and lasted until December 2020. The predominate effect on ADF'S VMSH 1 project was the closing of the Khlah Khmum and Sangke Lak primary schools. Like all schools in Cambodia, they were closed lo contain the spread of the C-19, from 16th of March lo 7th of September 2020. From 301h of November 2020 to 111h of January 2021, a second closure of all schools in Cambodia was decided by the government. Due lo these extraordinary circumstances and after communications in late April 2020 with the Almayuda Foundation, the donor supportively agreed to change the WISH 1 project into an emergency COVID 19 Awareness & Avoidance Campaign and to support the under-resourced Khnong Phnum Commune I Phnom Kulen's Health Centre. The objective of this project was lo help Iighling the pandemic in the villages of Phnom Kulen with C19 preventive activities. Itwas combining C-19 awareness sessions with environmental education, hygiene sessions for hundreds of Khnong Phnom Commune villagers and preventative health care equipment and materials distribution Iposters, disinfectant, cleaning materials and soapl. Additional donations allowed to distribute more hygiene materials. From the project In￿pIlon lin partnership with the Anlong Thom Health Centre staffj to the procurement of all equipment and materials and their transportation lo Phnom Kulen, ADF-WISH team has hold 57 C-19 preventative sessions, oryanized in g villages and involving 708 participants. ADF team insisted on getting the right information (from the World Health Organization and from the Cambodia Ministry of Health as opposed lo rumoursl, on being safe by following the basic heatth precautions (social distancing, repeated hand washing, distribution of 180 sealed water buckets with a lap to every households in Kh18h Khmum and Sangke Lak village and numerous hygiene related items, all listed in ADF 2020 report. Cambodia has been -on a sanitary point of view- very little affected by the virus, compared to other countries in the world. However, the economic consequences are very important, with a total shut down of the intemalional tourism for example. As the general pandemic is evolving, facts and miligalion I prevention measures were also evolving and updating. Consequently, clear communications, flexibility in planning and activity implementstion were essential in implementing this emergency projects. The Anlong Thom Health Centre and the Svay Leu district authorities were very supportive in working with the ADF C-19 WISH team, adjusting activities on a need's bases. If the C-19 pandemic in Cambodia is not as dramatic as in other countries, the C-19 WISH project in Phnom Kulen has given the opportunity lo raise awareness towards villagers about the risks of a pandemic and to reinforce messages on general hygiene practices in households. Lessons learned from this project, and particularly the fact that hygiene practices al home are not always respected as In schools, should be associated, as much as ADF can, within the WISH 2 project, stsrting from January 2021 onward. Overall, the final Incomes and expenditures are balanced and all the funds allocated for the C-19 WISH project were spent. WISH 2. 20211=year 11 summary report Reminder Proper personal water-based hygiene practices (washing hands and body with soap, tooth brushing) are positive habits vitally important, for both individual's health and for the community in general. 11 is now even more vital in stopping the development and spread of illnesses, infections or viruses such as the COVID 19 pandemic. The purpose of the WISH 2 project12021-2022, with a possible 2-year exlensionl is the expansion of the Water In-environment Sanitation and Hygiene IVVISH 11 project. It was formulated in the WISH 1 project's 161h and 17th ￿ComMendations, from the external independent End-Line evaluation. The WISH 1 project addfftssed basic hygiene p￿ctICe$ and infrastructures in Khlah Khmum and Sangke Lak primary schools. The VVISH 2 project aims to develop them in Popel and Ta Penh villages and lo address issues observed in the VWSH 1's external evaluation. Page 25

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Many schools still do not provide access lo toilets with running water, wash bays and waste facilities in Cambodia. Open defecation is still very common in rural areas (Water, sanitation and hygiene UNICEF Country Programme 2019-20231. Providing children with clean drinking water and adequate loilels, and instilling in them the need lo wash their hands are the most effective ways of reducing illness, ensuring they develop into healthy adults. Diarrhea, which often results from poor sanitation and hygiene, is a major cause of children's illnesses. Anaemia and worm infections is impeding mental development and lead lo a loss of physical and mental energy. Heavily infected children will not grow as expected for their age and in more severe cases, il leads to slunling and impaired brain development. At the inception of the project, Popel primary school had no piped water, Popel and Ta Penh toilets schools were not functioning and had no rubbish bins and waste disposal. On the other hand, Sangke Lak and Khlah Khmum primary schools where the VVISH 1 project was implemented had functioning hygiene equipment and children had very regular hygiene practices. In light of the Coronavirus and such as in 2020. when the WSH 1 project was modified into a C-19 WISH project. ADF expected particular circumstances challenging the WISH 2 project's implementation. In 2021, the WSH 2 project was very disturbed by the closure of the schools. However, ADF team adapted to the pandemic situation with a clear communication with all project key stakeholders Ihealth centre staff, te8chers, parents, local aulhoritiesl and the donors, Almayuda Fundacion. As the ch811enges imposed by the pandemic eased in Cambodia and the schools reopened in November 2021, ADF was able to relocate the project as originally conceived in these 4 primary schools of Khnong Phnom Commune. Activities of the VVISH 2 in 2021 11 Arrange & schedule a meeting venue & inform all stskeholders On the 8th of January 2021, ADF oryanized the VVISH 2 launching meeting at Ta Penh school. Were present the commune chief, the 4 village chiefs, the Department of Education representative Isvay leu district), ADF WISH and management teams, all principals and teachers involved 16 persons). The project was presented followed by exchanges. Teachers from WISH 1 project expressed the benefit and issues. For the 2 new largeled schools, each principal expressed the lack of hygiene infraslruclures or water. The contact list of all involved teachers and principals was established. A visit of Ta Penh (missing, failing) infraslruclures was done at the break lime. All local authorities are aware of the VMSH 2 project and can help, in particular during dry season when there are sometimes problems with piped-water systems with families taking advantages of the existing infrastructures. 21 Develop a baseline survey methodology along with questionnaires The Baseline survey was designed to revisit the accomplishments from WISH-1, to constitute the assessment of new baseline, to lay groundwork for WSH-2 Logical Framework Matrix ILFMI, and lo track the progress of IMSH-2 objectives. A total of 103 interviews were conducted during the course of this Base-line survey, from November lo December 2020. 60 students were interviewed across the 4 villages ITa Penh, Sangke Lak, Khlah Khmum and Popell, as well as 30 parents at the household level. The baseline survey team also consulted with 10 teachers13 from Sangke Lak, 2 from Khlah Khmum, 4 from Popel and 1 from Ta Penh primary schools). Three of the ADFIWISH team were consulted on a daily basis. Water samples were collected at water sources and at the wash bays and brought to Siem Reap laboratory for lesls. The baseline slated 7 recommendations on increasing sanitary toilet usage, water quality, hygiene sessions, hygiene related infrastructures or material and C19 knowledge and prevention, detailed below". Recommendation # 1 To get a holistic understanding of the evaluation of ADF'S WISH projects, this Base-line report should be read in conjunction with the External WISH-1 evaluation report IFebruary 20201 and the WISH 1 Final report Imay 20201, the ADF'S Water Field Assessment (September 20201, the IMSH- 2 Project proposal (October 20201 and the WISH-C19 fin81 report (January 20211. Page 26

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Recommendation # 2 To reduce the pffictice of open defecation, the ADF WISH team with the parents, school teachers and key stakeholders should collaborate together and pursue realistic solutions to promote an increase in sanitary toilet usage among the community. Recommendation # 3 As proven from the water test results, chlorine is a cosl*ffeclive method lo eodicate E-coli and other water pathogens detrimental lo human health. However, if a systematic, safe and controlled method of purifying the water meeting VVHO standards on Phnom Kulen can NOT be 100010 implemented, aquatic pathogens will inevitably recur. Without an expensive water purification facility, which is outside the resources of the VVISH-2 project, harmful pathogens will persistently return. Therefore, the Base-line survey team proposed the following recommendations.. 1. To extend the use of robust water filtration units, used in conjunction with solar- ultraviolet light water filters, that can kill up to 900/0 viruses and germs. These should be installed in strategic locations. 2. Budget permitting, to lesl the water quality on regular intervals, preferably every four months. The VMSH-2 budget has no budget line for this., thus, this may not be feasible. However, ADF will be seeking additional funds for this. In the Circumstan￿ that, these two recommendations DO NOT attain acceptable drinking water Ibelow VVHO'S recommended levels of water borne palhogensl the survey team recommends that the WISH -2 project purchase 50- or 100-liter water holding tanks and add Chlorine doses, lo reach WHO standards. 'For normal domestic use, residual chlorine levels al the point where the consumer collects water should be belween 0.2 and 0.5 mgll (Milligrams per Lilrel (Source.. VVHOI. Higher level will be close lo disinfection levels and can be harmful lo human health. The WISH-2 implementation team should verify the proper quantity of chlorine lo attain a safe drinking water from the professional team of Water for Cambodia. Recommendation # 4 Where practically possible, the VVISH-2 project should procure soap and other cleaning materials from Naga earth Company Ihttp".Ilwww.nagaearth.orglcommunity-soap-programl or Eco-soap Bank Ihttps.'Ilecosoapbank.orgl. They are environmentally friendty cleaning products, appropriate for a National park, and at a reasonable cost or free. However, the C-19 pandemic has affected these potential suppliers and their volume of production is smaller. Recommendation # 5 To continue and up scale the menstrual hygiene training to all four targeted primary schools. When possible and to assist ADF'S WSH team, the WISH 2 team should include the educational skills of ADF'S National consultant Ms. Chhun Phirom, together with the health professionals from the Phnom Kulen health cenlre. Recommendation # 6 To oplimize the IMSH-2 hygiene and sanitation Infrastructure budget, the team should use some of the existing infraslruclure to maximize its effectiveness. For example, the currently disused water holding tsnk al Ta Penh primary school should be included in the future wash bay water system. Recommendation # 7 The WISH 2 project should implement a maximum of the 17 recommendations made by the end line survey (February 20201, respecting the overall budget. This baseline survey was implemented from November 2020 to January 2021 by ADF I WSH team Imr Dave Sandilands, Mr. Seng Samry IWISH supervisor), Ms. Loem Nimul IWISH officerl and Mr. Khen Savann (WISH officer). The corresponding report 131 pages) was sent lo Almayuda Fundacion, together with the C19-IMSH report on the 20th of January 2021. A rapid water assessment was also sent16 pages) with the conclusions from a visit from the Water for Cambodia Director of Operations, Mr. Massimo Maio, to springs and primary schools, facilities, on the 16th of September 2020. 31 VVISH 2 Project Management, Oversight & Accountsbility ADF has several internal meetings in January and February 2021 to establish the list of material Page 27

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 necessary to purchase, material purchased. The action plan was designed with all teachers slating roles and responsibilities of each parties. Each teacher is responsible to implement the hygiene activities for his class, with regular follow up and advices from ADFIWISH team. The coordination of the VWSH 2 project is ensured by Mr. Seng Samry assisted by Ms. Loem Nimul and Mr. Khen Savann {Hygiene assistanlsl and ils management by Mr. Seng Samry, Mr. David Sandilands, Mr. JB Chevance and Ms. Hoeung Hourapich (Admin, finance and comm officer). Expenses are recorded on a weekly basis and controlled by the ADF finance and management team on a monthly basis. ADF team exchanges on a daily basis about every important activity of the WISH 2 project, thanks lo a Telegram group. There is a very regular coordination of ADF staff with the Health centre staff in Anlong Thom. The training of all teachers about the hygiene sessions to be implemented and expected results look place at Ta Penh primary school, on the 11th of February 2021. The teachers started the hygiene sessions lo the children from the following week in every school and ADF team followed up and advised. A workplan was produced with hygiene training sessions on a daily basis and assets, materials and equipment were PU￿haSed at the best qualitylprice ratio. Unfortunately, all schools in Cambodia Closed from the 20th of March 2021, due lo the Covid outbreak. From the end of March, the IMSH 2 project was relocated into households ofthe 4 villages and more than 84 sessions about hygiene and C-19 prevention were organised. This reached 947 participants including 201 women (Ta Penh, Sangke Lak, Khlah Khmum and Popel but 81s0 two additional villages". Thma Chruogn and Thmeyl. This was done in collaboration with Anlong Thom Health Centre governmental staff. These sessions were also done during vaccination campaigns by the Hea￿h centre, jointly with ADF. This was not possible from the end of May 2021 and a few weeks in June, due lockdown and tovel reslrietions in Siem Reap town and Phnom Kulen. Only a few trainings for menstrual hygiene were done in February 2021 in Sangke Lak and Khlah Khmum schools142 gids attended from grade 4 to 61. Because of the school closure, it was not possible to do more sessions and not possible lo start them in Popel and Ta Penh schools. 41 Procurement of VMSH 2 supplies, provisions, materials The materials necessary for the new hygiene related infraslruclures was done by ADF team. Depending on the materials, shops are located in Siem Reap (Offi￿ supply), Banleay Srey or Svay Leu town (pipes, taps, glue, tiles, cement and bricks). Sand is usually collected on Phnom Kulen trails. Suppliers, builders and transporters checked for the best qualitylprice ratio. ADF used its own car when possible to transport materials. For heavy ones (bricks and cemenlsl, local trucks were hired from the shop Isvay Ley or Banteay Sreyl or locally to the schools. ADF advised and followed the construction of the new hygiene related infrastructures at Popel and Ta Penh schools. Every procurement was done by Mr. Seng Samry and controlled by Ms. Rapich (Admin, finance and comm officer). 51 Rehabilitation, construction & maintenance of the WASH facilities in the targeted schools ADF stsff communicated and checked on a daily basis with teachers and builders for the construction of the hygiene infrastructures at Popel and Ta Penh schools. In Ta Penh primary school. there are listed below.. Construction of a tin sheet covered wash bay15 metallic tsps, with lilesl with a cement slab, to the wesl of the main building, using the existing reservoir (funded by Carilasl. Connection with the existing water pipe system with pipes, inlet and outlet. Rehabililalion of the existing wash bays lo the east of the main building and to the north of the existing PLAN loilels14 metallic taps), covering il with teen sheet and ￿ment path to the main building, and connection lo the existing water system, with pipes, inlet and oullel. Rehabilitation of the existing old Caritas toilets (new roof, door, tiles, repainted...) and connection lo the existing water system with pipes. Cleaning of the existing water filler and change the sand and gravels inside. In Popel primary school, there are listed below.. Construction of a covered wash bay with 5 metallic laps and tiles, with a cement slap and path lo toilets, and connection lo the existing water system, with pipes, inlet and outlet. Purchasing of 2 water filters from Water for Cambodia NGO and 3 rubbish bins. Page 28

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 In Sangke Lak and Khlah Khmum primary school primary schools, the existing wash bays were covered with tiles to enhance hygiene. In Sangke Lak school toilets, tiles were added al the base of the walls to improve hygiene. Popel, Khlah Khmum, Sangke Lak and Ta Penh, footsteps were painted from toilets lo the wash bays in each of the 4 schools and wood frames were sel up and decorated lo hold to the tooth brushes of the children. All these interventions took place in January and February 2021. The Popel, Ta Penh, Khlah Khmum and Sangke Lak wash bays and toilets were built or rehabilitated and are now operational and hygienic, with running water. Hygiene infraslruclures were used a few weeks only before the closure of the schools on the 20th March 2021, following the outbreak of C-19 in Cambodia. Due to the closure of all schools, activity 8 lenvironmentsl education, see below) was not implemented as many limes as scheduled.. 1 lime per month in each of the 4 schools from February lo March 2021. 61 Prevenlalive sanitation hygiene IWASHI health care educational training The objectives of this main activity are to improve the prevenlalive sanitation, hygiene and health care education teaching and training in all of the project targeted schools, lo improve the school attendance and lo facilitate the hygiene sessions by the teachers in practical hygiene and sanilalion practices with Information, Education and Communication materials IIECI. This is expected by the realisalion of the following aclivilies.. the development of training material & WASH resources, the planning & coordination WASH campaigns, the use of friendly teaching of personal hygiene and health practices, the repelilion of practical hygiene session and the girl personal hygiene (including menstruation health Irainingl. Tooth brushes were distributed lo every kid in the 4 targeted schools at the inception of the project. Tooth paste were given to teachers and kept in class and shared betseen students under supervision of a kid as a team leader. Soaps were given to teachers16 bars at a timel and repealed when necessary. ADF teaTll designed and printed of IEC materials. Among them, posters were set up at strategic location, notably above the wash bays in the 4 schools. The previous ones from the WISH 1 project were replaced in Khlah Khmum and Sangke Lak. A work plan for each school was defined with teachers for each school". brushing leelh sessions12 per day." 1 after breakfast, 1 after class) and hand washing sessions13 times per day, before and after breakfast, after class). It is repealed more times, if necessary. The implementation of these training sessions by the teachers of each school and ADF staff leach teacher responsible of his class), using the functioning wash bays and toilets is the core of the project. These training sessions are repealed on a daily basis, 6 days per week. Due lo the closure of the school, they were stopped from March 201n 2021. The female personal hygiene sessions (including menstruation health Irainingl was possible lo implement only in Khlah Khmum and Sangke Lak (by the health centre female nurse + Ms Nimol., 42 girls allended from grade 4 10 61 in February 2021. The children of the 2 new schools (Popel and Ta Penh) got a beller knowledge and practices of personal hygiene but this dynamic was slopped in March 2021. This period was loo short to produce substantial results. However, teachers of each school delivered hygiene sessions for 2 months (February and March) and the hygiene related infrastructures are functional. From the 20th of April lo October, kids were allowed to come al school lo gel their homework. ADF lake this opportunity to train again kids for hygiene sessions. They were provided with loothpasle and were allowed lo bring tooth brushes al home. The WISH-2 project was re-orienlaled from mid- march 2021 with several hygiene and C-19 related aclivilies.. regular toothpaste and loolhbrush dislribulions to child Ifrom 31. may to august 20211, unformal hygiene sessions in schools (from ofApril to October) on a weekly-basis ft)r each class of the 4 schools, soap distribution to school principals on a needed-basis16 soap at a timel. Other activities such as household outdoor sessions on C-19 prevention and soap distribution to villagers (see below) also contributed to these outcomes. The previously defined work plan with teachers for each school were reactivated in November 2021 when they reopened. A coordination meeting between ADF team and all teachers involved was organised on the 4th of November 2021 to reactivate all Wish 2 activities in the four schools. It was Page 29

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 decided to keep the tooth brushing activities at home because of the numerous holidays during November and December Ilasl 10 days of November for the water festival, and from 19th December 202110 11th January 20221. If the toothbrushes would have been kept al school, the children would not have used them. Apart from a specific donation IM. Armelle Darche loolhpaste donation distributed to TP and SL children), ADF team pushed the families lo purchase toothpaste from their own funds during this period. It was decided that loolh brushing sessions in schools will resume in 2022. During the same period, every school had to count the number of students las some left for secondary school) and newly appointed teachers joined. These new figures are reflected In the table below. When all schools reopened in November 2021, ADF continued the soap distribution to teachers of the 4 targeted schools16 bars al a limel and repeated when necessary. Hand washing sessions13 limes per day, before and after breakfast, after class) were organized from November so teachers can follow up daily aclivilies. From Novemberto December2021, the implementation of these sessions was done by the teachers of each school and ADF staff leach teacher responsible of his class), using the functioning wash bays. These training sessions are repealed on a daily basis, 6 days per week. During November and December 2021, presentations were designed by ADF team lo facilitate the 12 disease prevention sessions relevant to Phnom Kulen's health context (compiled by the WISH 1 evaluation team.. intestinal worms, dengue, pneumonia, diarrhea, Infected wounds. dental caries, malaria, typhoid fever, 8naemi8, mosquito, cold, influenza) and menstru81 hygiene sessions. They will be organized in 2022, in coordination with the Health Centre staff. 71 Environment Education in the targeted schools The objective of this activity is lo incorporate environment81 education into the primary schools, activities, to enhance their sanitation. Cleaner schools will entice student's attendan￿ and will help the students lo understsnd the values of conserving the environment for the benefits of their health and wellbeing. Due to budget constraints for the implementstion of the VMSH 2 project, it was not possible lo include the construction of the incinerators for the 2 newtargeted schools. ADF managed lo get funds from the SEA Foundation for this (see below). However, 3 rubbish bins were purchased and installed al Popel primary school. Due to the closure of all schools, the clean-up days were not implemented as many limes as scheduled and was only organized normally in the 4 schools from Jan lo March 2021 lex.. 5th of January in Sangke Lak and Ta Penh, 16th march in Khlah Khmuml. This event normally occurred once a week where all the students from each school, teachers, the ADF team and some of the parents, worked in groups lo collect all the rubbish and burn il in the school incinerators. The regular burning of the garbage in the incinerators of the schools was managed by the teachers. One or two limes per month, the clean-up day extended lo the villages. The gathering of people was not allowed and it was therefore not possible to organize il again after march until the end of October 2021. From October 2021, just prior lo their opening, this activity started again for each of the four schools. 11 was then continued on a weekly basis, during "labour day However, ADF team pushed the teachers lo implement it 5 minutes per day, so the cleanliness if the school becomes a norm. Classes are divided in areas within the school and can also lake turn. This organisation turns out to be more effective. SH 2 beneficiaries Numbers 2020 and 2021 fi Direct Beneficiaries Number of pupils at Klah Khmum school 2020. 97 students + 3 teachers 2021. 69 students + 4 teachers ures Number of pupils al Sangke Lak school 2020.. 73 students + 5 teachers 2021.. 98 students + 3 teachers Number of pupils at Popel school 2020.. 118 students + 4 teachers 2021. 98 students + 4 teachers Number of pupils al Ta Penh school 2020. 119 students + 4 teachers 2021. 107 students + 5 teachers Tol81 number of pupils + teachers 2020.. 407 pupils and 16 teachers-423 2021. 372 pupils and 16 teachers=388 Page 30

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 2022. 61 students + 4 teachers 2022.. 92 students + 4 teachers 2022. 94 students + 4 teachers 2022. 127 students + 5 teachers 2022.. 374 pupils and 17 teachers=391 Over the years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, the number of children allending primary schools has dropped in the 4 tsrgeled schools1407-372=351. The last figure (January 20221 show a stagnation in the total number of children13741. After checking with teachers and principals, the two reasons identified are the departure of children to secondary schools (from grade 71 lo the Anlong Thom secondary school and the lower number of children in kinder garden. It is important to note that the third reason for this lower number of children attending school is the closure of schools in 2020 (from 18th of March to 7th of September 2020, then from 301h of November 2020 10 11th of January 20211 and in 2021 (from 201h of March to 1￿ November). From the year 2020-2021 to the year 2021-2022. 7 children stopped allending school in Ta Penh, 11 in Sangke Lak, and 6 in Popel and none in Khlah Khmum. ADF will do his best for getting these 24 kids back lo school, with the help of each principal. ADF team has encouraged the parents and motivated the teachers lo bring these children back to school. They have reintegrated their curriculum and now benefit from the WISH 2 project. Indirect Beneficiaries- Pu arenls, relatives and nei Population of Population of Population of Klah Khmum Sangke Lak Popel village hbours Population of Ta Penh village Total beneficiaries 311 431 404 646 Source.. Khnong Phnom Commune- 1st ofAugusl 2021 1792 COVID 19 PANDEMIC restrictions for the WISH 2 ro ecl The closure of every school In Cambodia from the 201h of March to the 1 St of November 2021 and the general reslricb'ons Iforbidding group of people to gather) really disturbed the WISH 2 project's implementation. However, the situation was similar in 2020 with a long period of school closure Ifrom 16th of March lo 7th of September 2020, then from 30th of November 2020 to 11th of January 20211. The ADF VVISH 2 team had to adapt lo these extraordinary circumstances. The hygiene daily sessions and the monthly cleaning-up day were not possible any more, neither were the complementary monthly Health Centre lessons ISEAF-funded, see below). In order to mitigate the effects of the school closure, the ADF VVISH team implemented hygiene related activities taking in consideration this particular conlexl.. Regular toothpaste and toothbrushes distribution to chIld￿n on the schools, from the end of April to October 2021, on a weekly-basis. Hygiene sessions at school when school were closed (April to Oeloberl, on a weekly-basis. Soap distribution lo school principals, on a needed-basis. Soap distribution lo villagers, when possible. 84 Outdoor C19 prevention sessions in households in April and May, on a weekly-basis, reaching in lots1947 participants, including 201 women. Due lo the gathering restrictions, there was a small number of participants for each session. This was Implemented In the villages of Khlah Khmum, Sangke Lak, Popel, Ta Penh, Phum Thma Chruogn and Phum Thmey, in ollaboration with Health centre staff. Due to the important vaccination campaign in Cambodia, the C-19 pandemic slow down and the schools in Phnom Kulen reopened from the 18th to 22nd October 2021, involving children for labour work (clearing grass and cleaning the school facilities). Children from grade 3 10 6 finally went back lo school for learning from the 25th of October 2021, and from the 1￿ of November 2021 for the children in Kinder garden, grade 1 and grade 2. Page 31

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 From November 2021, schools were normally functioning in Cambodia, as children from 6 10 12 were mostly vaccinated against C-19. They had to wear masks and show their certificate of vaccination. Despite a small percentage of contamination with the C-19 Omicron variant (mostly in Phnom Penh), the governmental instructions from this dale avoid complete lockdown and closure of schools. The country has to leam with the pandemic. This is good news for the WISH project since ils implementation in functioning primary schools is al ils base. January 2022 will see more activities back lo schools such as the tooth brushing, veggie gardens and complementsry hygiene activities and sessions Imenslrualion hygiene and 12 diseases prevenlionl, and infraslruclures (see below). Emer Thom en Relief su ort and collaboration with Khnon Phnom Health Centre in Anlon The Khnong Phnom Health Centre Centre in Anlong Thom is the only public health facility for the population of this commune 14,750 Inhabitants in Aug. 20211. ADF hold monthly meetings to coordinate aclivilies. The Wish 2 project is implemented in close collaboration with the cenlre. As every year, a coordination meeting with the Health centre staff and ADF team was hold lon the 8th of January 20211 lo determine the needs of the centre (both material and financiall and lo agree on following the Emergency Relief support. In 2021, ADF continued ils support to the centre by allocating the left over from SEAF 1 lfrom the Educational support, see below) and a part of the TREE 2 project to fund ADF'S for the Emergency Relief support. For the year 2021, the funds allowed to pay the transportation costs of the 18 Village Heatth Facilitators lo meetings in Anlong Thom Health Centre1228 participations), the transportation costs for nurses to the villages for the vaccination campaigns, and the transportation costs for poor people presenting severe health cases to the Health Centre or hospitals (Sotr Nikum or Siem Reap) and back. In most cases, these poor families have no Iransportalion mode to travel this distance, the roads are in bad conditions, and don't have enough financial resources lo buy food while in town. In 2021, 8 persons benefited from this emergency fund to reach hospitals. They came from the villages of Thma Chruogn, Anlong Thom, Ta Penh, Khkah Khmum and Popel and were suffering from high blood pressure 1x21, childbirth issues 1x21, rare skin disease, breast surgery, severe burn and severe chest pain. They were sent lo Kanlha Bopha Hospital, Angkor Hospital for Children, Damdek Referral hospital or Siem Reap Referral hospital, depending on the cases. ADF also supported the Health centre staff by supporting the Iransportalion costs of the nurses to the villages during the vaccination campaigns 110 US$ x 9 villages every monthl. During these monthly campaigns where villagers gel injeclionslvaccinalions for family planning, tetanus, and blood tests for malaria and dengue fever, villagers were also given hygiene, C-19 and health prevention lessons by ADF staff. This represents a total of 2,218 persons who participated lo these meetings in the 9 villages of Khnong Phnom Commune1231 persons In January, 233 in February, 168 in March, 170 in April, 199 in May, 164 in June, 166 in July, 186 in August, 165 in September, 165 in October, 157 in November and 214 in December 20211. No material support nor equipment lo the Anlong Thom Health Centre was purchased In 2021. Finally, ADF was also given on regular occasions some clothes by friends to distribute to the poorest families identified by the team. d. EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT The objective is to enhance local school facilities and resources, lo provide 8 favourable educational environment in Khnong Phnom commune. If appropriate, facilities are buitt to create a conducive learning environment that entices the children lo come to school 8nd learn, as opposed to s18ying at home andlor working on the subsistence farms. ADF provide infrastructures according the teacher's needs. Reminder.. In February 2018, ADF finalised the Kurere. (for Kulen Rehabilitation and Regeneration) project, started in late 2016, focusing one sole primary school, corresponding to the needs of the Page 32

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 most neglected primary school of the plateau." Sangke Lak. 11 allowed lo enhan￿d the school facilities and encouraged good hygiene and environmental practi￿s. The VVISH 1 project started in June 2018 and evolved into the C-19 WISH project from May until December 20201. It was continuation of the hygiene activities in Sangke Lak, with an expansion to Khlah Khmum and Ta Penh primary school (see above.. Hygiene and sanitation program). The TREE 1 project from 2018 10 2020 (funded by Kulara CielEau Kulen mineral water, see below.. environmental program) was also focusing in Sangke Lak primary school on the field of environmental education with a tree nursery las well as Ta Penh and Anlong Thom schools). To reinforce ADF actions and lo answer additional and basic needs in these primary schools IKhlah Khmum and Sangke Lakl, ADF approached in August 2018 the Soulh-Easl Asian Foundation ISEAFI, a US charity, lo provide basic missing infrastructures lo other primary schools. The original project proposal (funding the construction of a single storeroom in September 2018 at Sangke Lak school) was expanded lo a much larger project ISEAF 11. benefiting the 2 schools of Sangke Lak1119 students164 gidsl, 5 teachers) and Khlah Khmum school186 students140 girls), 4 teachers). This project started in September 2018 until November 2019 and had seen numerous buildings, and construction in both school Isee ADF report 20201. On the 51h of De￿rnber 2019, several meetings were held belween ADF team, the principal of Preah Ang Thom school and the principals and teachers of Anlong Thom, Ta Penh, Sangke Lak and Khlah Khmum schools. The objectives of these meetings were to evaluate the existing collaboration ITREE and VVISH projeclsl and to assess the needs for each school In term of Infraslruclures and materials. A detail list was established for a further project. On the 14th of January 2020, ADF team mel the SEAF Director lo discuss further project. It was decided to submit a project in February to SEAF, including the school's needs identified in December 2019. This project was unfortunately not funded. It was then decided lo propose it to the swiss NGO Don d'un Choeur bul the global context of the Pandemic did not allow to fund it. The SEAF 2 ect This project was reviewed, adapted and submitted in February 2021 to SEAF. SEAF aecepled it and proceeded to the transfer ISEAF 2." 21,738 US $ on the of 9th of March 20211. This project aims lo build upon the activities started by ADF by providing basic hygiene and learning infraslruclures, for three primary schools (Sangke Lak, Anlong Thom and Ta Penh), located in Phnom Kulen National Park. 11 is targeting 5 primary schools (Popel: Khlah Kmum, Sangke Lak, Anlong Thom, and Ta Penh), with additional minor infrastructures in 2 others (Phum Thmey and Preah Ang Thoml. English classes and hygiene sessions are also provided. As per the SEAF 1 project, a participatory approach was developed,. asking to every principal and teachers what missing infrastructures should be built, with a priority list. ADF team, working in close collaboration with these teachers and principals, had lo involve, as much as possible and wherelwhen possible, students, teachers, local communities, lo participate lo these construction activities, so they can take ownership of the new facilities. The secondary objective is to increase the quality of education lo the pupils and teachers of the targeted village primary schools. The pupils and teachers are the direct beneficiaries of the project. This represents 98 children lincluding 50 girls) and 3 teachers al Sangke Lak primary school, 107 children lincluding 56 girls) and 5 teachers al Ta Penh primary school, 69 children (including 31 girlsl and 4 teachers al Khlah Khmum primary school, 98 children Iincluding 42 girlsl and 4 teachers al Popel primary school, 311 children (including 172 girls) and 10 teachers al Anlong Thom primary school. Additional smaller Infrastructures were built in 2 other primary schools benefiting 47 children lincluding 23 girls) and 2 teachers al Phum Thmey primary school, and 300 children lincluding 156 girls) and 10 teachers al Preah Ang Thom primary school. The Total number of beneficiaries is 719 children (including 358 girls) and 38 teachers lincluding 16 female) (Source. Preah Ang Thom school, supervisor for primary school for Khnong Phnom Commune, Svay Leu District, 2020-20211. Indirectty. the project had repercussion on basic hygiene habits and learning environment for the children and families of the 9 villages, tolalling 4728 persons Page 33

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Idala". Jan 2021, Khnong Phnom commune dalal. The pupil's families and the village communities are the secondary beneficiaries. Infrastructures built in 2021.. Incinerators were built at TP, PP schools bul also in Phum Thmey, Anlong Thom and Preah Ang Thom primary schools. All schools in Phnom Kulen have now this facility. For each of them, a slab divided in 2 areas was added. Its purpose is lo store the plastic garbage before burning and the remaining waste after burning. These toxic wastes will be collected and brought lo the larger incinerator sel up in Phnom Kulen by the Ministry of Environment and funded by UNDP. Other similar wastes are stored there. The entire roof at Ta Penh school was ￿placed, cement slab redone and floor tiles placed in the library room, iron bars installed on widows and shutters repaired and repainted. The entire roof al Anlong Thom school IADF building from 20101 was replaced, and the damaged window frames were replaced. Popel school." an additional water reservoir was buitt, doubling the water storage c8P8cilies of this school, 2 robust playgrounds were installed. Sangke Lak school.. a roof extension was built for a 2-¢lassroom building Iwilh a corresponding slab on the groundl, floor tiles placed in the library room, metallic gale set up for the school compound. Distribution of a bucket per family + lap (preparation in Julyl.. distribution in 22th of July in Popel and on the 41h ofAugusl 2021 in Ta Penh. A number of activities planned in TP, KK, PP, SL could not lake place during the year 2021 because of C-19 pandemic and the closing of the schools". Health Centre staff monthty lessons lo students. English leaching lin these 4 school as well as in Anlong Thom school). Setting up of UV Light purification systems lo improve the water quality, with the technical assistance trom Water for Cambodia NGO. Maintenance of the equipment of the water systems for primary schools, piped, taps...from springs. Replacemenu fixing of playgrounds al Ta Penh and Anlong Thom schools. The implementation of these activities was organized by ADF in December 2021 and will be implemented from January 2022 onwards. The SEAF 3 ect Late in 2021, the SEA Foundation had the opportunity to fund a small project proposed by ADF.. °Quick Impact Library Project, Phnom Kulen Primary Schools. or SEAF 3. Building on the existing infrastructures supported by SEAF previous project, this project aims to quickly improve the existing libraries in Phnom Kulen schools lat Ta Penh, Khlah Khmum and Sangke Lakl and to sel up one in Popel primary school. 11 corresponds to a demand from the principals of the targeted schools and it is building upon the activities started by ADF and funded by SEAF.. providing basic hygiene and learning Infrastructures for the primary schools (Popel, Sangke Lak, Khlah Khmum and Ta Penh), located in Phnom Kulen National Park IPKNPI, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia. For this project, ADF received from SEAF 2,249 US$ on the 10th of December 2021. The construction of a library in Popel primary school and the other related activities were planned from January 2022. Bic cle donation Ms. Nguon Rolhsophal, a senior former director and lecturer at the Pafinasastra University of Cambodia (Siem Reap branch), also supported with her friends Imore than 60 persons) this component in 2020. The objective was to provide bicycles to secondary sch(iol students living in the remote villages of Thma Chruogn, Ta Penh, Khlah Khmum and Sangke Lak, so they can go to the secondary school in Anlong Thom, 4 10 5 Km away from their villages. Funds were also allocated for the maintenance of the bicycles and a mechanic was selected. ADF did not received the funds directly as they were purchased by Ms. Nguon Rolhsophal bul the team participated to the identification of the 25 students in late December 2020. A financial contribution from each parent Page 34

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 was asked110 US$) so the families lake ownership and responsibilities for their maintenance. The bicycles were distributed on the 21st of January 2021. Com lementa ects for the Educational su ADF - AGRISUD International ro ect sin￿ 2019, the joint project with AGRISUD International (see above, AGRISUD and ADF joint- project in Khnong Phnom Commune) has been encouraging primary schools to grow vegetable gardens. In the schools of Ta Penh and Sangke Lak, this involvement was higher with distribution of equipment, seeds and a technical training. In 2 others schools (Khlah Khmum and Popell, only seeds were given. These vegetables are associated to the morning breakfast distributed by the World Food Program in rural areas, and in the case of Khnong Phnom Commune lexcepl Khlah Khmum village), with the help of PLAN NGO. The school also purchase vegetables from local producers trained by AGRISUD-ADF team. These activities were very disturbed by the long school closure in 2021. They will resume and will be implemented form January 2022 onwards. In Ta Penh, the land to the back of the schools has already been prepared. ro ort ADF - Eau Kulen tree nurseries.. Three primary schools are the beneficiaries of the parallel project funded by Kulara Water factory (producing Eau Kulenl.. Anlong Thom, Ta Penh and Sangke Lak primary schools. Implemented by ADF since 2018 (Tree 1 and tree 2 projectsl, this project provides thousands of forest saplings every year for reforestation operations in Phnom Kulen National Park. The water system set up by ADF in these schools are providing water to both tree nurseries and hygiene facilities. These tree nurseries also act as environmental educational tool, as they are managed by the teachers and students. They are complementary of the WISH 2 project as they bu1￿ awareness about environmental protection and regeneration. Additionally, they provide incomes to the schools. Please refer below for this project. ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM Environmental and social studies During the year 2021 and due to the C-19 pandemic, ADF paused ils collaboration with the School of Fields Studies ISFSI for defining and facilitsting the studies in the Phnom Kulen National Park. The research collaboration program is focusing on natural resource governance and management,. livelihoods., and the environment interface. No students were able to come to Cambodia and no studies were implemented. ADF kept regular contacts with the Canadian PhD candidates who started their studies related to Phnom Kulen in 2019 and in particular Ms. Leah Marajh from the University of Toronto, Department of Geography & Planning. ADF director was solicited for reviewing parts of this academic work. ADF was also inVo￿ed in the environmental protection by combining data lo the geo-dalabase about the environmental threats, and by disseminating them to the relevant authorities Iminislry of Environment, APSARA Authority, District and commune aulhorilies...). ADF continued in 2021 to integrate in our GIS system all illegal-logging points and re￿ntlY bumed plots of forest for cullivalion purposes within the Phnom Kulen National Park and has reported them to the Ministry of Environment IMOEI and APSARA. ADF team has continued to be one of the main actors to provide information from the field for the implementation of the Phnom Kulen Management Plan, and the Phnom Kulen action plan both under the supervision of the MOE, with the assistsnce of UNDP experts. Meetin s worksho s and events In 2021, ADF management team met representatives from the Ministry in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, and attended lo various meetings at national level, organised by the PDOE, the MOE or the National Council of Sustainable Development INCSDI. On the 271h of January 2021, ADF Director participated lo the joint ministerial Second National Page 35

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Ecotourism Forum, in Siem Reap. On the 28th and 29th of January 2021, ADF Director participated lo the Annual Learning Forum on °Building an Enabling Environment for Sustainable Development. in Cambodia in Siem Reap with a presentation entitled'sustainable Livelihood Activities and conservation in Phnom Kulen National Park., organised by the National Council of Sustainable Development INCSDI and the MOE. On the 11th of November 2021, ADF Director participated lo the online meeting Cambodia Sustainable Landscape & Ecotourism Project ICSLEPI. On the 21￿ of De￿rnber 2021, ADF director gol from the Ministry of Environment an honorific distinction I Certificate of Appreciation of Environmental triendliness I from the Ministry of Environment Isigned by H.E. Say Samal, Minister, on the 4th on November 20211 lo acknowledge the work done by ADF in PKNP for ils Environmental Protection, Natural Resource Management, Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Livelihood. On the 23rd of De￿rnber 2021, ADF Director participated lo the meeting in Kompong Thom town about the participated Cambodia Sustainable Landscape & Ecotourism Project ICSLEPI. TREE 1 ect Reminder.. From June 2018 to August 2020, ADF implemented a 27-month environmental project, supported by Kulara Water company producing the only mineral water in Cambodia (Eau Kulenl, based al the bottom Phnom Kulen. The project's goal was to provide young indigenous trees from tree nurseries lo the Kulara Water company facilities, and for others areas within the Phnom Kulen National Park IPKNPI selected for reforestation by the Ministry of Environment, the Provincial Department of Environment and the PKNP management team. The project's other goal was lo implement a practical environment awareness program for the students and the teachers of Sangke Lak, Anlong Thom and Ta Penh, village primary schools1584 children and 20 teachers), where the tree nurseries are located. This patticipatory Iree%rowing project allowed the involvement of the teachers and students from each school including regular maintenance, manual weeding, transplanting of very small saplings to plastic bags, mixing components for the plastic bags and planting activities on the plateau. The tree nurseries acted as educational tools to promote environmental awareness and conservation. Trainings about tree growing and tree nursery maintenance were given by forestry expert lo all the teachers of the 3 schools. Each tree nurseries were buitt and upgraded on a needed basis with proper tools, equipment and gravity-fed water systems (also used for water and sanitation facilities in schools), tree seeds were purchased or collected regularly in forested areas of the park, according lo the bio- diversity assessment of PKNP12013, Hayes and al.}, allowing lo grow up to 22 different indigenous tree species. ADF team sel up a table to follow up the quantity of trees species grown up in each tree nursery over the project length. During this project, more than 45,700 saplings were grown in the 3 tree nurseries laboul 9,000 tree saplings were grown in 2018, 13,036 in 2019 and 23,666 in 20201. It has contributed to reforest 63.3 hectares in PKNP. This equates to 2.3 hectares per every month of the project. In most occasions, the trees produced by ADF tree nurseries were added lo additional saplings from other tree nurseries, brought lo Kulen, for the reforestation projects sponsored by MoEIPDoE, UNEP or UNDP. Other smaller reforestations operations were also organyzed by ADF (archaeological siles, Sour￿$, watershed... l. In some cases, other saplings were sold lo other beneliciaries11,800 trees were provided and planted in the grounds of the Kulen water facloryl. Trees were sold by the schools lo the reforestation project and the incomes is given back by ADF lo each school principal and Is divided as following.. 20 /0 for the maintenance costs of the tree nurseries, 40'/o for the maintenance and upgrading of the school facilities and material, 40 /0 shared by the teachers as personal income and incenlivel. In 2019 and 2020, a lotsl of 5,660 US$ was earned by these 3 schools. It was a participatory project, including stakeholders from the private sector IKulara Water companyl, through governmental institutions Iministry of Environmenll, implemented by ADF, a non-profit and non4Jovernmenlal organizalion with the pupils and te8chers of the three public schools. During the reforestation process, every fftiny season, a br08der array of partners w8S associated. The TREE 1 project was the first long term project addressing environmental awareness and reforestation in PKNP. It has created a strong dynamic, reinforced by stronger law enforcement ro Page 36

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 from the MOE and the PDOE, in charge of the park. The availability of trees has pushed the authorities lo lake actions and to lake over illegally burned plots for reforestation. With these numerous successes, an extension of the TREE project was submitted lo the Kulara Water company at the end of August 2020. The company agreed to support the TREE 2, a ￿0- year project, lo consolidate the successes of the first TREE project. TREE 2 Pro ect The fundamentals of this TREE 2 project are very similar lo the initial TREE 1 project and therefore, the goal, objectives and activities matrix are similar. However, il includes the main constraints encountered during the implementation of the TREE 1 project and the recommendations slated in the final report.. To introduce a field maintenance component employing members of the community to cut the weeds around the tree saplings planted enabling them to grow and thrive. This activity can also be done in the previously planted areas. 11 will help defining the loss rale for each reforested plots and replanting, if necessary. To maintain and upgrade Iwhere necessaryl the water systems to the three tree nurseries. To continue the environmental education and awareness of stakeholders, especially pupils and teachers, building upon the education component of the TREE 1 project. To better monitor the revenue of each school, to insure their proper maintenance. To introduce a better monitoring system where trees from ADF tree nurseries can be counted and localized within each reforeststion activity, to monitor the survival rale of the trees and replace the dead ones in reforested area. To diversify as much as possible the tree species but only with trees represented and identified within the 2013 PKNP bio-diversity survey. To increase as much as possible, depending on the number of saplings produced, the number of reforested areas within PKNP, focLJsing on the water calchmenl areas within PKNP. This depends on the PDOE capacity of re-taking Illegally deforested plots for reforestation. Additional saplings will also be allocated on demand and according to their species lo Kulara company compound. The objectives of the TREE 2 project remain the same". To grow and nurture indigenous trees that can be planted in priority areas in and around Phnom Kulen National Park IPKNPI. To promote the regeneration of the natural forest with indigenous trees of PKNP, restoring the environment and the resources that 8 thriving environment provides, increasing the amount of surface water. To Increase environmental awareness and conservation to the pupils and teachers of the three targeted village primary schools (Anlong Thom, Ta Penh and Sangke Lakl. The pupils and teachers will be the direct beneficiaries. The pupil's families and the village communities and the MOE Park Rangers will be the successive beneficiaries. The TREE 2 project started on the 19t of September 2020, for 8 two-yeats duration. Activities and results". 11 Orientate the village school teachers in all aspects of the project outlining roles & responsibilities and purchase project resources (tree seeds and other tree nursery toolsl. The accounting system for the project was set up by ADF accounting officer and expenses were updated on a weekly basis for a better financial monitoring of the project. An introduction meeting was hold between all teachers involved and ADF team at Anlong Thom school on the 4th of November 2020 to introduce the TREE 2 project to all stakeholders. Teachers active during the previous project shared their experiences and talked about the benefits of having tree nurseries with the new ones and ADF team, exchanging about water issues, benefits, prices. A new system of percentsge for the benefits of the tree sales was established.. 200/0 for the tree nursery Page 37

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 maintenance, 400/0 for the school maintenance, 40 0/0 for the teachers as an incentive. Previously the system was divided as such.. 30 0/0 of the income was devoted to the tree nursery maintenance, 30D/o for the school's general maintenance, and 40010 is an incentive for the teachers. The sale of sapling represents a subslanlial income for each school. For example, Ta Penh primary school was able lo build in the school compound a meeting sheller.11 was also decided that the cash generated by the sales of saplings and destinated lo the tree nursery maintenance would be managed by ADF Ilhird recommendations from the TREE 1 final report). ADF team has set up a planning over the calendar year, from January to December, lo visualize and monitor the main tasks lo be implemented by all stakeholders. All project resOUr￿S were purchased and tree nurseries were included in the daily life of the 3 schools. 21 Continue collecting indigenous tree seeds., Upgrade the tree nurseries al Sangke Lak, Ta Penh and Anlong Thom primary schools, ensuring they are efficiently and effectively producing strong healthy saplings,. plant the tree seeds and nurture the tree saplings until they are ready to be planted into designated areas. The tree nurseries were upgraded on a needed basis with proper tools, equipment and gravity-fed water systems. The previous signboards at each tree nursery were changed in 2020, during the first TREE project, with Eau Kulen and ADF logos. Anlong Thom, Ta Penh and Sangke Lak water system were designed and sel up during the first TREE project, requiring several hundred-meter- long buried and connected PVC pipes," collecting, intermediary and storage resetvoirs, providing water all year long for these tree nurseries. Students and tèachers were strongly involved in their constructions, so they can take ownership of these water systems. These water systems also serve the hygiene facilities (toilets, wash baysl built or renovated by ADF in these 3 schools, and allow the implementation of 8 complementary Hygiene project (WISH project, funded by Almayuda Fundacion, ongoing since 20181 in 4 primary schools Isangke Lak, Ta Penh, Khlah Khmum and Popell. Ta Penh water system from the source to the school was originally included in the first TREE project proposal. However, the VVISH project was able to fund it, and it was decided that funds from Kulara Cie for this water system would be used for the setting up of the Anlong Thom tree nursery water system. From September 2020 and during the year 2021, only minor fixings were done lo these water systems and more generally, lo the tree nurseries.. fixing broken pipes for the Sangke Lak Water system,. arranging the 3 collecting pipes al the Ta Penh source, so they are all at the same level. ADF team paid a particular attention so each tree nursery and school have a permanent access to water. During the dry season, this becomes more and more critical due lo climate change and deforestation. However, the tree nursery water systems are conceived so they can capture and hold just enough water reserve until the end of the hottest season. Future upgrades could enlarge the storage capacities as this situation becomes harder to sustain every year, particularly in Ta Penh and Anlong Thom. other upgrades were the repla￿ment of a wooden door by a metallic one at Sangke Lak tree nursery, on the 4th of April 2021, the covering of the vertical upper part of the 3 tree nurseries with green shade nels, allowing a beller protection from the sun and from the football games, often played closed lo the tree nurseries. From April to June 2021, a complementary UNDP funding IUNDP-BESD-PES, see below) allowed ADF to upgrade the tree nurseries.. 11 low bricks enclosures sealed with cement lo place the saplings. This facilitate the counting of the trees per species as they are in rows and lines, and maintain them in a vertical position (see picluresl. Species can now be easily separated and identified. 21 Smaller similar spa￿S were reserved for seeds to be planted in the ground before their transplant to the bags (see pictures). 31 additional equipment purchased". wooden posts18 per tree nursery), green-shade m8terial11 roll per tree nursery), metallic fence130 Kg per tree nursery), water pipes15 per tree nursery), irrigation tank12 per tree nursery), black plastic bag for young trees110 Kg per tree nursery), and tree seeds. Later on, in 2021, other upgrades were implemented. The sprinklers were lowered to facilitate the water distribution at Anlong Thom tree nursery. The Sangke Lak tree nursery was slightly extended Page 38

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 lo the wesl until the school fence. This tree nursery is the smallest and an additional space was needed lo store trees once they are big enough lo be planted, before the rainy season. The leaking water reservoir al Ta Penh was fixed in October 2021. Whites reusable bags given by Fauna in Focus NGO, as well as about 500 saplings, were introduced in each tree nursery (November 20201 as an allernalive to the black plastic bags. The larger ones were cut and sewed lo obtain several out of them. 31 Village schoolteachers & children are laught in fvndamenlal aspects of tree planting & tree growing, nurturing & raising trees. The trainings organized by ADF and provided by a forestry expert from the Ministry of Forest and Fisheries in Along Thom (January 20191 and Ta Penh lJanuary 20201 were designed for all the teachers of the 3 schools, with a technical then a practical session where kids participated. The seed preparation and the composition of the soil for the plastic bags were greatly improved thanks lo this training. These recenttrainings did not need to be repeated in 2021. Only advices were asked by phone lo this trainer on a needed-basis. ADF has set up two Community-based tourism cenlres ICBTCI in Anlong Thom and Popel villages. They are managed by the Community Protected areas ICPAI members and offer tourism products (daily trips with local tour guide and foodl. The Anlong Thom CBTC members have requested to ADF to set up a forest tree nursery and a vegetable garden. The forest trees can be sold to Cambodian visitors and allow the centre lo increase ils income11 US$ per tree). The CBTC team received training from the ADF team on seed collection, pre-treatment, bag preparation for seedlings and nursery maintenance Ioctober 1# 20201. In addition, the ADF has made its tree species regISt￿tIon system available to the centre. 41 Village school children have practical lessons in tree cultivation & it becomes part of their school activities. The 3 targeted schools have operational tree nurseries growing trees and all children form grade 1 10 6 are participating lo the aclivilies.. planting seeds in plastic bags and transplanting of very small saplings to bags, mixing components and filling the plastic bags, regular water system maintenance, manual weeding, manual watering with watering can, when necessary, planting activities on the plateau. The project is raising environmental awareness for 516 children and 18 teachers from the 3 primary schools 12021 Commune dalal, divided as follows.. 107 children and 5 teachers in Ta Penh, 98 children and 3 teachers in Sangke Lak and 311 children and 10 teachers in Anlong Thom. Teachers are leading the activities, with the collaboration of ADF staff. One ADF staff is fully dedicated lo this project Imr. Yon Sokcheal. However, 2020 and 2021 were particularly difficult as the C-19 pandemic imposed the closure of all schools in Cambodia. ADF staff was also more solicited for this task, as teachers and students were less present al schools during these long closing periods (see dales below). However, some molivaled school teachers and students kept coming for the regular work lo do in the tree nurseries, demonstrating their involvement in the process of growing trees for reforestation. The closure of schools In Phnom Kuken happened during the following periods.. in 2020, from 1Wh of March lo 7th of September 2020, then from of November 2020 10 111h of January 2020., and in 2021, from 20￿ of March lo 1st November. To follow up the quantity of trees grown LJP in each tree nursery over the project, the ADF team continued lo use the table summarizing important information used during the first TREE project. This table includes the number of saplings per tree nursery, per species. the English name, the Khmer name and the scientific name lin Lalinl for each species, the seedling period for each species, the average price of seeds per Kg per species, the processing time for each tree seeds species, the average number of seeds per Kg. Thanks to this project, the villagers were aware of the existence of the t￿e nurseries and 8 network of seed collectors was developed. 51 Indigenous tree saplings are transF)Orted lo designated taryel areas." Kulara Water company land, PKNP protected areas IAPAS, CPASI or other designated areas of PKNP and trees are planted appropriately, reforesting the target areas. Tree seeds were purchased or collected in 2020 and 2021 and grown in the 3 tree nurseries. In 2020, 23,660 trees were grown from January to June. An additional 16,175 were grown after the Page 39

Beng Kronhoung Thnong Koki Yeang Kulen Kor Koh Pring Phnav Neang Nuon Chres Khnol Prey

Beng,Yeng, Koki, Kulen, Kronhoung, Neang Nuon, Chan Crassna, Phneav Beng, Koki, Kulen, Kor Koh, Kronhoung, Trobek Prey, Chres

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 The general incomes for the schools were in 2020 12.094.400 riels-3,023.6 US$ 1941.2 US$ for Anlong Thom school, 1,021.2 US$ for Ta Penh., 1,061.2 US$ for Sangke Lakl and for 2021 8.877.600 riels-2,219.4 US$1531.4 US$ for Anlong Thom school, 911.4 US$ for Ta Penh, 776.6 US$ for Sangke Lakl. 61 Tree site maintenance, employing local villagers lo cut the weeds around the newly planted young tree saplings in the degraded areas, enabling them lo get the moisture and sunlight they need to grow and thrive. As recommended in the final report of the TREE 1 project (recommendations n.51, the maintenan of the reforested areas was introduced during this second project. This requires the employment of local villagers as day labour, lo cul the weeds around the small tree saplings planted in the target areas. This allows to give trees the light and moisture they need, giving them a fighting chanTr lo grow and develop into mature forest. 11 also allows to better monitoring the reforested areas, the survival rale of the trees, and eventually to replace the dead ones. In October 2021, 3.3 ha were maintained12 silesl by 30 workers during 5 days of work. These areas were planted lo the south of Ta Penh village In July 2020. The Maintenan￿ has shown that the tree survival rate Is very good and some trees are now between 1,5 10 2 meters high. Other recently reforested areas will be maintained in 2022. On the 22na of December 2021, ADF toured a visit from the Kulara Water company team in the three tree nurseries as well as on reforested 8re8s for a promotion video and pictures. Po el CPA Reminder". There are 5 Community Protected Area ICPAI in Phnom Kulen National Park. Because of the extension of the cashew nut cullivalion, there are now the only remaining forested area in the south part of Kulen plateau. They are meant lo be preserved for the benefit of the local population where they can collect non-timber forest products. ADF is helping the Ministry of Environment and the committees to protect, maintain and eventually enlarge these CPA. Since July 2018, ADF worked on the enlargement and the beller protection of the Popel CPA, thanks lo the financial support of a private donor, Mr. Deroo. The project stsrted in June 2018 with meetings al local level to introduce the project and by December 2018, the survey of the area was done Ioclober 20181, including the complete inventory of the cashew nut farms, which will be inlegraled in the new zone. All stakeholders were aware of the project.. CPA members, local authorities {Commune and District Chiefj, the Provincial Department of Environment and the Ministry of Environment. Originally thought lo be extended lo the south until Siem Reap River, the Popel CPA committee and villagers have asked lo extend the protected area to the north, in order lo include the O'Thom river and Its various waterfalls, one of the main Iribularies of the Siem Reap river, downstream from the main Kulen waterfall. This could bring the new CPA to a lolal of 800 hectsres. The Idea is also to develop treks for visitors to generate income for the CPA committee, and in the long term. A map of the proposed extended CPA was produced and about 100 Popel villagers agreed lo support the project, with a document baring every signature. An assessment of the project by the MOE Phnom Penh is also planned in early 2019. The project should then have lo be approved by the provincial (Governor of Siem Reap Province) and national authorities (Minister of Environment). In 2019, several meeting with CPA members. villagers, MOE and PDOE representatives were organised to continue this proiect127th February and 7th march 20191. During these months, the adminislralive process of extending a CPA was ongoing, with approved signatures from villagers, village chief, commune chief, district chief, Governor of province and departments of the MOE in Phnom Penh. Surveys were done and maps created lo identify the limit of the future CPA. From May 2019, this projèct was integrated in the BESD project (see below), funded by UNDP Iuniled Nation Development Program) and SIDA (the Swedish International Development Agencyl- In 2020, the last funds due for this project were sent by the donors lo ADF in March 2020, and integrated within the UNDP-BESD project (see below), within the ADF'S environmental component. No additional funds were sent from this donor for this project in 2021, as it was finalised in December 2020. Page 41

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 CIRD TREES As developed in the Income generation IIGllallernative livelihood program (Agriculture alternative livelihood) chapter above, ADF was approached by the Cambodia Institute for Research and Rural Development ICIRDI for a collaboration on agriculture alternative livelihood activities at the end of 2020. CIRD was also interested in funding trees growing from ADF tree nurseries from Anlong Thom, Sangke Lak and Ta Penh primary schools. After several discussion be￿een CIRD and ADF representatives, il was decided that the amount of 3,120 USD provided by CIRD would be dedicated lo a reforestation project, integrated into the ADF ongoing TREE 2 project developed by ADF in the 3 tree nurseries Ilocated in 3 primary schools.. Anlong Thom, Sangke Lak and Ta Penh) (see above, environmental component), which has 3 main goals.. To grow and nurtu￿ indigenous trees that can be planted in priority areas in and around Phnom Kulen National Park IPKNPI. To promote the regeneffition of the natural forest with indigenous trees of PKNP, restoring the environment and the resources that a thriving environment provides, increasing the amount of surface water. To increase environmental awareness and conservation to the pupils and teachers of the three targeted village primary schools. The transfer from CIRD was done at the very end of 2020, and all these activities were undertaken in 2021. The funds were used from the 1 St of January 202110 the 31 * of June 202110 purchase the 3,000 trees seeds grown into saplings, additional material (spades, hoes, black plastic bags), to monitor the growing of the saplings, to maintain the facilities Ipipped water systems, broken taps, PVC pipes, sprinklers, elc... l and to cover tree plantation costs. A short report was prodU￿d for CIRD on the 191h of February 2021. The trees purchased by CIRD were planted during the reforeslalion operations and the rainy season, from June to September 2021, under the supervision of ADF team and the Provincial Department of Environment IPDOEI, in PKNP. UNDP-BESD Pro ect Reminder.. The UNDP-SIDA (Swedish International Development Agencyl funded project entitled °Building an Enabling Environment for Sustainable Developmenf, IBESDI was granted lo ADF in May 2019. The duration of the project was originally 1,5 year from 1 St May 2019 10 31 St December 2020, focusing on Iwo villages (Khlah Khmum and Popell In Phnom Kulen National Park IPKNPI. These two intedinked projects, Khlah Khmum and Popel Projects, seek to address the deforestation issues and contributing to the reforeslalion and rehabililalion of PKNP by demarcation and zoning, by supporting community based natural resources management through alternative and SLJStainable livelihood options and by supporting for payment for ecosystem services IPESI by setting up a water system for Popel village, for the benefit of the local population. The overall objectives are to preserve areas of ecological and archaeological significance, lo promote community based Natural Resources Management, and to operalionalize Payments of Ecosystem Services IPESI scheme for PKNP. Most of the deliverables of both K18h Khmum and Popel projects were achieved from June 2019 to December 2020. However, a few activities wefft delayed because of the implementation of another UNDP funded project granted to ADF from September 2020 to May 2021 1 Reforesting & building COVID-19 resilience for Phnom Kulen National Park's population and Chankran Roy Biodiversity Corridor or UNDPIC-19 project, see below). ADF also faced delays, particularly in obtaining the official recognition from the Ministry of Environment for the enlarged Popel CPA, and implementing the tourism facilities for alternative livelihood in Popel village. In December 2020, ADF therefore requested to UNDP a non-cost extension of the project until the 3151 of May 2021, in order to implement the remaining following activities.. For the Klah Khmum project, the following up on the chicken and pig breeders was still ongoing and required an extension. The number of beneficiaries for the Popel village water system should also be increased and the Popel Water Committee IPWCI reinforced. Page 42

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 For the Popel project, the tourism facilities were under construction or definition IPrey Thom Popel CPA centre, optional rest huts at secondary waterfall and toilets, trek roulesl and the tourism offers were under study. The CPA was enlarged and demarcated lo 798 ha and 3 informative signboards were sel up. The previous signboards and posts should be removed, to avoid confusion. In April 2021, UNDP completed this project with additional funding and it was slightly re-oriented towards PES related activities. Most of the activities implemented from May 2019 and during 2020 within this project were presented in ADF 2020 activity report. However, in order to present their full extent until June 2021, we have kept in the following pages the activities done during these first 20 months and added or inserted below and for each project, the ones implemented from January to May 2021. Khlah Khmum Pro ect within the UNDP-BESD ro ect The purpose of the grant was lo contribute lo the protection of the threatened natural environment and the rich archaeological heritage of the PKNP by designing and demarcating one Archaeological Protected Area IAPAI around Prasat Krohom temples, the Angkorian earth mounds, dam and reservoir (Tamnup O, Srael, with visible concrete posts and informative signboards installed at strategic locations, based on a consullalive process. This new protected area should protect the archaeological siles, the natural environment and wildlife, and three local watersheds, Iribularies of O'Thom river. 11 should prevent from deforestation, erosion, poaching., InVo￿e and inform the population and the visitors about the protected area and its environmental significance and provide environmentsl awareness to the local population. This should be combined with the offering of alternative livelihood options to the Khlah Khmum villagers1292 persons, including 142 women, 60 households,. Ministry of Interior, 20171 and the setting up of a water system for Popel village1379 persons, including 190 women, 89 households., Ministry of Interior, 20171. The integration of the ancient reservoir and related local watershed in the APA should ensure the protection of the forest cover, enabling to provide permanent water to the walershed-linked village of Popel. Results from 2019 10 2021.. Consultation o anisalion and surve s A meeting was held on the 241n of June 2019 at P￿ah Ang Thom commune office with 18 persons IADF director, ADF Development Manager, ADF National Manager, Commune chief, Commune council, village chief of Popel and Khlah Khmum, Popel CPA members, rangers, 2 PDOE representatives and a Svay Leu district representative, a Heritage Police representativel, lo present and launch the project to the local authorities and lo present the main objectives laltemative livelihoods, water system for Popel and protected area at Khlah Khmuml, and lo get their endorsemenll. All local authorities encouraged and endorsed the project and a consensus was generated to implement the project. Three consultative meetings were also hold during the third week of June at PDOE, then on 5th of July lin Siem Reap, APSARA Angkor Hotel) during the meeting about zoning in PKNP, then on 23r4 of August lal Phnom Kulen Ranger stalionl. As a result, the local authorities and the Ministry of Environment globally endorsed the project, requesting for a close collaboration during its implemenlalion, lo insure sustainability. These meetings about the project were held in Khlah Khmum village on the 25 June 2019 and the 6 November 2019 with the village chief, 48 villagers including 28 women, ADF director, ADF National Manager, PKNP rangers, 2 Police representatives, 2 PDOE representatives, 2 commune council represenlalives. As a result, these all-inclusive and participatory meetings allowed all parties involved lo share views on the project and exchange and advantages and inconvenient. All parties have a good knowledge about every aspects of the project and can share information and request more if necessary. Meetings were also hold with the Popel CPA members and Khlah Khmum villagers and other key stakeholders on the allernalive livelihoodl income generation options and APA demarcation. Six group discussions were held with 5 CPA members, 48 villagers and 16 local authorities. Fruit trees and black ginger were selected as agricuttural alternative livelih(x)d for Khlah Khmum, as well as eco-tourism for the future protected area. Later on, in November 2019, other beneficiaries were Page 43

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 identified to raise pigs and chicken from a meeting in Khlah Khmum village who gathered 54 persons, including 32 women. Discussions were held lo ear the propositions of the communities, to submit the project and to gel their feedback. The ADF National Manager implemented the ground coordination of the team and organized the field verifications for the Protected Area in Khlah Khmum. PDOE staff Irangersl, APSARA workers, CPA members, chief of 5 CPA, chief of commune, commune council members and village security staff were associated, on several occasions, to ensure the maximum participation of the local authorities and local population on the 26th and 27th July and on the 14th of August 2019. The demarcation was conceived lo follow natural boundary Icliff and streams) or anthropogenic boundary Ilrailsl, rather than artificial shape. This rule was proven lo be more efficient when ADF was previously establishing PA in PKNP. Based on the ground verifications, drone images, GPS coordinates, combined with elevation points, a strategic and logical route for the gravity-fed water system Can be identified and clearly marked and demarcation of a water catchment and archaeological protected area IAPAI al Khlah Khmum village. Protected area In Khlah Khmum The demarcation of a water catchment and archaeological protected area at Khlah Khmum village started on the 09th of October 2019. The cement posts were brought on site and a team of rangers and CPA members s18rted lo install the post on the ground. The preparation of the track surrounding the protected are8 Was done14th gln 1 Oth of October) and a total of 101 posts were marked from the 16th lo the 19th of October. Every post is geo-referenced and marked with a legend I"Prasat Krohom and O Soe source protected area" in Khmer) and 8 number. An average of 70 meter separate each post. A clear tmek is now surrounding the protected area, were posts were placed and red paint marks on the trees were painted. In 2020, 4 informative signboards were set up al the entrance of the zone on the main tracks and one in the village. In 2021, the ADF pushed for the official ratification of this PA by the Ministry of Environment, into a Community Protected Area ICPAI, eventually managed by the Khlah Khmum CPA members Ichup Ta Sokl and within the general zoning of PKNP. ADF and PDOE were closely involved in this process lo make sure that this new PA will be included into the protected areas of the PKNP. However, this step depends on the administrative prO￿$S of PKNP zoning, which is complex and has been ongoing for years now. The patrolling activities were delegated and supervised by PDOE and the PKNP management team. The patrols are organised in 2 different teams, on specific areas within PKNP. These areas are designated by the PKNP management team and change over the course of the year, according to the Infomialion collected and illegal activities suspected. The team of rangers is divided In 2 groups.. a first group with 15 rangers is patrolling for 5 days, 2 times per month., the second group with 6 rangers Is patrolling for 3 days, 1 time per month. During the last phase of the project, ADF has worked in close collaboration with PDOE and the rangers to patrol this area. During these patrols in April and May 2021, one Illegal logger was caught next lo the post n.1 of the PA and was given a waming. Patrols were performed from the 5th to the Ph April, 8th 10 111h April, 1 Ph to 20th April, 19th 10 21 * April, and 22nd to 25th of April 2021. In May 2021, they were performed from the 9th lo 12th l￿t0 13th and 121h to 151h of May 2021. Water s stem in Po el ADF and PDOE. jointly with the Popel community members and local authorities have conducted a study on drinking water harvesting and water distribution in Popel village. More than 8 rangers and 3 persons from PDOE, 5 CPA members and 1 village chief participated lo these surveys. Popel Water actual situation was surveyed and discussed on several occasions on 251h of June, 251h and 261n July, 9th of September, 12th September, 3ra October, 7th and glh of October with PDOE rep￿sentatIves, ￿ngers, CPA Popel and Khlah Khmum members, commune council members, ADF director, ADF National Manager, Popel school principal and solar expert. The existing system was not delivering water to all parts of Popel village and the system built by 000 local NGO (Our Objectives Organizalion was granted in January 2017 with a Small Grant through the GEFISGP project to enhance Popel water system), using a solar panel was not Page 44

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 functioning because the associated reservoir was broken. ADF original plan was lo bring water from O'srae dyke, 3 Km northeast of Popel village. However, the surveys conducted by all stakeholders indicated that this point was 1 Om lower than the village. Numerous other sources were surveyed bul all appeared to be higher and the only higher source was dry. Surveys on water sources indicated that the only solution was to pump water to a high location in Popel village (primary school), using an existing solar panel fvnded by SGP. The water would be then distributed with network of pipes and water meters per household. This solution is requiring maintenance costs. Consecutively, ADF national Manager and PDOE staff suggested setting up a Popel water management committee, in charge by village chief and CPA chief. The implementation of a water system for Popel Village started on the 08th October 2019 to mid- December 2019. The topography of the area with the altitudes and the entire system was carefully studied beft)re implementation. After surveys, all sources appear to be lower than the village., therefore, a gravity-fed system was impossible to set up. Items from the existing system including a solar panel and black rigid pipes (from 000 local NGO not functioning system) were reused for this project. A first reservoir (comprising 15 cement ring wells on a slab) was built by a source and filled by gravity. A pump was installed in it, so water can be pumped to a second reservoir. The pump is functioning thanks to the solar panel that was brought from the village lo that location and a small hut Was built nearby to protect the electric facilities and a generator, used as a secondary device in case of failure of the solar system. The black rigid pipe lunused by the previous project) was used to connect the two reservoirs, 700 meters away from the reservoir n. 1 1620 m in straight line). This pipe was buried to protect them from degradation (vandalism, roaming animals... l. The second reservoir was built al the highest location in the village, opposite the Popel primary school. There is 20 meters difference of allilude between the reservoir 1 and 2. This second reservoir was built with 14 cement ring wells on a slab. From this reservoir 2, a 49 mm diameter PVC pipe was installed and buried in the village on 831 m section, going through Popel village. This pipe is fed by gravity, as the reservoir 2 is on the highest location of the village. Villagers can connect lo this pipe by requiring a water meter lo the village chief. Villagers will pay the pipes leading lo their house, if they want lo connect lo the water system. A water management committee was sel up and in charge of collecting the money and lo insure its proper maintenance. The objective is lo manage the system when il is operational, and lo collect the fee from households lo maintain the system. Fee was sel up at 1500 riels per cubic meler11000 rielslO,375 US$ for the first 3 months). On the total amount collected, it was agreed that 20 0/0 is allocated for the maintenance the water system, 20 0/0 for committee, and 600/0 incentive for committee members. In 2020, the Popel Village water system instslled was functioning. An additional donation from Dr. Lisa Arensen family and friends of USD $ 960 was made on the 19th of May 2020 10 increase the capacity of the recently built water holding tanks at Popel village, opposite the primary school. 13 additional ring wells were installed In June 202016 at the lower reservoir and 7 al the higher one). This represents a total of 14,700 Iilres for each of the two reservoirs, with a total of 29,400 lilres for both reservoirs. As in December 2020, the Popel water system was providing water to 27 families1130 population, 66 Female) and the primary school 193 students, inclLJding 43 girls plus 4 teachers, temporary closed due lo Covid 19 pandemic). Another 10 families are also collecting water from the reservoir n.2, bringing their own water container. The total of these families is therefore 37, including 88 females and 3 widows. During Ihe18St phase of this BESD project (Dec. 2020 to May 20211, and even though 8 durable and functioning water system was installed in Popel Village during the first phase of this project, ADF has reorganised the Popel village Water committee IPWCI to connect a maximum of families in Popel village 197 households, 404 persons including 204 women), by mobilising the water committee and encouraging families to connect their houses lo the main pipe. Several meetings were hold between ADF team and the water committee11 Olh and 17th of march and in May 20211 to remind the roles and responsibilities of each members and to ensure the proper management of the system. The PWC is pla￿d under the authority of the Khnong Phnom Page 45

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Commune chief, and managed by Popel village chief and an assistant. The outcomes of these regular meetings were.. the reorganisation of the PWC with 2 new members11 old member was excluded), the cleaning of the ring well al the Sour￿ and fixing the leak be￿een the ring wells, the cash collection system reinforced, with an invoice system set up and a printed receipt book, the training lo read counter and write invoices Icalculalion of the cubic meter spent be￿een 2 meler-readingl, the plan lo extend number of beneficiaries, the submission lo the commune council of an agreement lo officialise the PWC and ils members at the commune level. As in 3151 May 2021, the Popel water system was providing water to 28 families1127 persons and 65 Female) and the primary school198 students, including 42 girls, 4 teachers, closed from 30th of November 2020 to 11th of January 2021, due to Covid 19 crisis). The school was also connected as ADF started the hygiene and sanitation program in this school in January 2021 (WISH 2 project, see above). ADF has doubled the water storage capacities in Popel primary school by building additional reservoirs in march 2021 with funds from SEAF foundation ISEAF 2 project, see above). Another 10 families150 persons including 29 femalel are also collecting water directly and free of harge from the reservoir n.2 (bringing their own water container to a lapl as these households are located higher than this reservoir. The total of these families is therefore 38, including 94 females and 3 widows. However, this objective is limited by the lèngth of the pipe along the road where households can be connected. This pipe, due lo limited budget, does not reach the western part of the villages. Also, the reservoir n.2 should be extended lo provide a sufficient storage for this increased number of households. Additional funding could allow lo develop the project further lo the wesl in the village. In the future, the main points to follow up are to convince the PWC to extend the number of beneficiaries (sometimes reticent to payl and to ensure that the committee is properly managing the collected funds (from the connected households) and the PWC expenditures for the Maintenan￿ ofthe system. Alternative livelihood Additional agricultural allernalive livelihood directly funded by the UNDP-BESD were built upon this ADF project. To prepare this phase, a second meeting hold on the 6th of November 2019 has identified a total of additional 25 families where 17 have expressed the will to raise pigs, and 8 have expressed the will lo raise chicken. On the 8th of January 2020, an additional meeting was organised lo exchange with the villagers and from the 9th lo the 11th of March 2020, a training was organised by ADF and AGRISUD where only 13 families were finally interested in implementing these activities. As of December 2020, 2 families were raising chickens and 11 are raising pigs. Out of these 13 families, 8 women lincluding 5 widows) are in charge of these raising activities, all of them raising pigs. This represents a total 95 persons 150 of them female) and more than 33°k of the household village populalion1303 persons) affected by the new protected area. As of 31 St of May 2021, 18 families benefited from alternative livelihood options offered by the project. Among them, 2 families were successfully raising chickens and 16 were raising pigs. Out of these 18 families, 13 women (including 5 widowsl are in charge of these raising activities, all of them raising pigs. During the implementation of the project, one chicken raiser slopped as he decided to leave lo Thailand bul one family decided to start breeding chicken. After the initial training, AGRISUD and ADF team provided a continuous follow up on these activities. ADF alternative livelihood team implemented this component by selecting families, checking and advising for the necessary infrastructures (small shelters and fence, built over a slab for the pigslchickensl, facilitating the purchasing of the piglets. ADF and AGRISUD team monitored these households on a weekly basis. In case of sickness, the team provided medicine lo cure the pigs. A contract was drafted and signed with each family. 11 slipulales that every beneficiary musl follow the guidelines related to the training, musl cooperate and work closely according to the planning with ADFIAGRISUD, must record their expenses and incomes, must follow additional training, must Page 46

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 lake care of their animals, and allow visit when required. The same principles were applied lo the BESDIPES project (see below). Geslalion of pigs is usually 115 days13 months and 25 days). The families raised pig successfully. Incomes from pig are quite significant for a family as they can sell each pig al 100 US$ per head. The average income per family for the families raising pigs in KK depends of the outcome for each pig raiser. For the 11 families raising pigs in 2020, 4 of them received a first income equivalent to 2400 US$ Iselling PriTr 100 US$ each baby pigl, as they were 24 piglets born and sold, 4 more pig raisers did not gel piglet yel as the pig did not grow well and did not gel pregnant. Another 3 families encountered issues with piglets dying at young age. For 2 of these families, the project funded them again. 4 additional families started lo raise piglets in 2021 and did not gel incomes yet at the end of the project. ADF team continued lo monitor and train these beneficiaries after the end of the project. For the chicken beneficiaries, the 2 families implementing this activity have eaten their own production and sold 20 chickens, for a lolal of go US$ (selling price at 5 US$ per Kg). These alternative livelihoods activities represent complementary incomes for the families. Results are obtained on a long term, making sure the beneficiaries are trained well enough and are able lo be self-sufficient. From June 2019, ADF also offered alternative livelihood options to 19 families from Khlah Khmum village, together with AGRISUD Intemational". 3 families growing fruit trees, 16 families growing black ginger out of a total of 60 households Isee above, agriculture allern8tive livelihoods). This component Was reinforced by the UNDP additional funding IPES-March lo June 2021, please see details below), complementing this project. One of the 2 areas selected for this project was the Khlah Khmum protected area. After ADF and PDOE surveys, the reforestation areas were selected together with the Khlah Khmum villagers who could benefit from additional alternative livelihoods Ipig and chicken raising, fruit trees and black ginger growing). Within this project, 7 additional families were identified and agreed to give back their land with a reforestation activity and altemative livelihood Ipig raising exclusively). For the UNDP IBESD and PES project), the total number of beneficiaries in Khlah Khmum village is 24 households including 18 females. This represents 37 Ok of the households in Khlah Khmum village165 families for a total of 312 persons, including 155 females," Commune data, 1# of February 20211. To summarise, the numbers of all household's beneficiaries in Khlah Khmum village were 18 households with the BESDIUNDP project, 6 households from PESIUNDP project and 19 households from AGRISUD IADF project. These 43 families represent 66 0/0 of the 65 households in Khlah Khmum village. Po el Pro ect within the UNDP-BESD The purpose of the grant is lo contribute lo the protection of the threatened natural environment and the rich archaeological heritage of the PKNP by proposing livelihood options pertaining to the expansion of Prey Thom Popel CPA within Govt partners, CPA members, relevant stakeholders and Popel villagers1379 persons, 89 households., Ministry of Interior, 20171. After an appraisal on environment friendly sustainable livelihood and eco-tourism, income generation options, a study on drinking water and water distribution in Popel village should be undertaken. It should include the finalizalion of the extension of the Prey Thom Popel CPA demarcation (see Popel CPA project, abovel, lo include O'Thom River, one of the main tributaries of Siem Reap River on the Phnom Kulen plateau, as ils secondary waterfalls represent great assets for the development of eco-tourism in this CPA. 11 should also reinforce the capacities of CPA members, PKNP rangers and other key stakeholders for the management of the Prey Thom Popel CPA. The last phase is to develop alternative livelihood options, based on eco-tourism services, and to finalize the gravity-fed water system for Popel village, which is facing water distribution issues. The integration of the ancient reservoir and related local watershed in the protected area (Khlah Khmum proiectl should ensure the protection of the forest cover, enabling to provide permanent water to the walershed-linked village of Popel. Page 47

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Results from 2019 10 2021.. Consultation o anisalion and surve This CPA extension project was started in 2018 with funds from an ADF private donor (see Popel CPA project above). This UNDP project allowed the reinforcement of this first initiative, adding an allernalive livelihood component and the setting up of a water system for Popel village. A meeting was held on the 24th of June 2019 al Preah Ang Thom commune office with 18 persons.. ADF director, ADF Development Manager, ADF National Manager, Commune chief, Commune council, village chief of Popel and Khlah Khmum, Popel CPA members, rangers, 2 PDOE representative and Svay Leu district representative, Heritage Police representative, lo present and launch the project lo the local authorities and lo present the main objectives lalternalive livelihoods, water system for Popel and protected area al Khlah Khmuml, and lo gel their endorsement l. These consultations were also hold during the third week of June 2019 al PDOE, then on the 5th of July 2019 lin Siem Reap, APSARA Angkor Hotel) during the meeting about zoning in PKNP, then on the 23rd of August 2019 lal Phnom Kulen Ranger stalionl. The official request for the expansion of Popel CPA was followed up by ADF National Manager at every administrative level Icommune, District, Province, Ministryl from June 2018 to December 2019 and Is waiting ft)r the approval of the Minister of Environment. A participatory consultation meeting with the affected farmers for the expansion of Prey Thom Popel CPA," seeking sustainable livelihood options such as eco-tourism, income generation activities was held in Popel village on the 24th of June 2019 with village chief, villagers, ADF director, ADF National Manager, ADF National Manager, rangers, PDOE representative. After meetings with 47 villagers from Popel population, it appears that an eco-tourism through 8 community-based organization was largely preferred as atternative livelihood l income generation activity. Previous inquiries and meeting organized by ADF in late 2018 (within the Popel CPA project, see above) have received the support of 96 villagers lout of 219 persons over 18 years old from Popell, to support the enlargement of the existing CPA and the alternative livelihood options with an eco-tourism orientation. The large majority of the Popel villagers and CPA members has approved the idea of benefiting from tourism through the setting up of tracks, facilities and a communily-based organizalion for the extended CPA. The extended CPA could include non-visited waterfalls. This requires the setting up of tracks, rest hul and home stays, managed by a newly created community-based tourism organization, comprising the CPA committee. These activities were undertaken within this project, from January 2020. The map of the extended CPA was finalized, and all 66 cashew nut famers identified. The result shows that 450/0 of them are living in Preah Ang Thom, 41 Q/0 are living in Popel. The population from Preah Ang Thom is mostly living from tourism at the waterfall sile, and is not originally from Phnom Kulen. This proposed extended CPA zone Is consistent with the Phnom Kulen Management plan and the Phnom Kulen Action plan, seeking alternatives to deforestation with incomes generated activities through eco-tourism, and the demarcation of protected areas within the boundaries of the park. It Is also in line with the Cambodian PA laws, as the process of extending the Popel CPA, has been Strict￿ complying with the CPA guidelines issued by the MOE. Extension and demarcation of Po el CPA The expansion of Popel CPA was approved and signed by the Minister of Environment and other represenlalives, in a new praka on the 19th of October 2020. The ADF and PDOE teams organised the demarcation which started on the 21th of October 2020 by the clearing of the surrounding track by CPA members. From November 2nd until November 23rd 2020, 170 geo-referen￿d and marked cement posts were installed by the Popel CPA members, under the supervision of 2 rangers and ADF national manager. The result is an enlaryed CPA of 798 ha. 3 informative signboards were designed and placed at strategic locations. The removal of the old CPA signboards and cement posts was requested lo the MOE which replied it was not necessary. However, ADF will ask again in the future, as il is confusing to leave this information to the public and villagers. Water s stem for Po el The UNDP-BESD Popel project has also a component lo improve the Popel water system. To avoid Page 48

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 repetition, it is described above in the Khlah Khmum project. Alternative livelihoods During the early phase of the project (under the sole Popel project funded by Mr. Deroo, see above), the local community ICPA members and villagers) requested eco-tourism options as an alternative livelihood, when the demarcation of the CPA was considered. The Popel CPA I Prey Thom") and the 4 non-visiled secondary waterfalls could be encompassed into an enlarged Prey Thom Popel CPA and were identified as sources of incomes via eco-tourism services. The combined UNDP-BESD and Popel project allowed lo implement this with a clear demarcation ofthe CPA and capacity building of CPA members. Surveys with ADF team and CPA members lo identify potential areas for eco-tourism facilities Iboulders, forest, secondary walerfallsl were undertaken trom April to December 2020, with complementary surveys in January and February 2021, inside the existing Prey Thom Popel CPA bul also in areas encompassed into the enlarged Popel CPA. Eco-tourism facilities were defined be￿een CPA members, ADF and PDOE and sel up.. Communily-Based Tourism Centre ICBTCI al Popel village (with maps, signboards and tourism offer)., rest-slop facilities near Anlong Run waterfall13 wooden rest huts, in August 20201, 2 toilets Iwilh 2 units with a septic tank and a water reservoir hidden in the forested area nearby, in December 20201, trekking route traced Imax 1 m width) from one waterfall lo the other and according lo the defined tours, linked to the existing 'Nalure trails" established in 2015 by the PDOE and the Popel CPA. The homestays initially considered were not chosen as a viable option as villagers preferred a Community cenlre. The Popel CBTC was built on a land donated by the Popel village chief, along the main road of Popel village. The construction started from August until December 2020 but was slow down by the heavy rains in October. 11 was completed by a water reservoir in eady December 2020. In May and June 2021, ADF completed this infrastructure with the construction of kitchen. Materials for this were funded by UNDP and day labour was funded by HUMY NGO, a complementsry donor for this project (see Humy 1 project above). All informative material to be presented in this centre were designed by ADF team from August to October 2020. They were printed and sel up after the centre was fully completed (January 20211. They are similar to the ones in Anlong Thom CBTC., minor modifications were made Ipicluresl and the texts were adapted for the Popel context. As for the Anlong Thom CBTC, they are divided as followed.. 4 signboards both in Khmer and English presenting general infomialion about PKNP on 11 history, archaeology and heritage conservation,. 21 geography. landscapes and hydrology., 31 fauna, flora and environmental prole¢lion', 41 Local life and handicrafts. Popel CPA rules for visitors Popel CPA centre context and actors. A Large map ofthe Phnom Kulen area. From January lo May 2021 and together with the CPA members, ADF and TC set up the CBTC organisation and define the tourism offer of the Popel CBTC, operated by the Popel CPA members. The design of the tracks. the eco-tourism facilities and the tours packages were discussed be￿een all stakeholders IADF team, PDOE, CPA members, village chiefj, taking into account the options for a viable system. The CBCT should charge visitors to ensure the maintenance of the facilities I￿ntre, rest-stop areas) and lo prevent and act against the dissemination of garbage in this part of the forest. ADF was advised by its private sector partner, Terre Cambodge tour company ITCI to set up the Community centre organisalion, the tracks and the services provided, with the half-time FX)silion of Ms Chhun Phirom. A meeting to select the 2 responsible persons and lo expose the different activities and positions Ilocal guides and cook) was hold on the 13th of January 2021. The 2 responsible persons were elected by the CPA members. An important criterion is the ability to write Khmer and to use Facebook and Telegmm. Unfortunately, very few people in Popel could response lo these. Page 49

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Facebook page was created htt s.'Ilwww.facebook.comlPo elcommunil ProlecledArea. A Telegram group was created to facilitate the communication be￿een all actors. 3 resl-slop facilities (wood hulsl were built near the of Anlong Run waterfall in August 2020. In December 2020, a toilet (with 2 unilsl with a septic lank and a water reservoir was built, in the vicinity of these facilities, bul hidden in the forested area. Small wooden stairs and handrails were built where necessary on the waterfall trekking path. A wooden gale was installed al Veal Ta Lo, lo forbid motorbike lo lake the path from this place lo Poeng Gnogneat. All wood used for these facilities was taken from fallen and dead trees from the CPA. The trekking routes options were studied during the previous surveys and were cleared Ifrom lm. lo 2m. widlhl in January 2021 (from Poeng Gnogneal to Preah Ang ThomlPopel main road) and in February 2021 between Anlong Run waterfall lo Tiep waterfall, Sman Teang and Thnous Pok waterfall. 2 large fallen trees have been cleared by CPA members al the Tiep waterfall In March 2021, with the participation of the ADF staff and the help of 2 rangers. All CBTC members received 2 shirts with CBTC mention and logos. lo promote the cenlre". The CBTC grand opening was planned on the first week of April 2021 bul il was cancelled due lo the C-19 outbreak in February 2021. As up lo the 31* of May Ilhe end dale of the BESD project) and due to the pandemic situation in Cambodia, the centre was not officialty opened until the 12th of December 2021 (see below). Within the Humy 1 project and from M8y to June 2021, additional facilities related to Popel CBTC 8nd its tracks were built and activities done Isee above, Humy 1 projecll, complementing this UNDP funded project. 2 checkpoint booths al the entrance of the CPA on Preah Ang ThomlPopel main road and at Veal Ta Lo, a kitchen al the CBTC, with cooking materials and a short video13'1 to promote the CBTC, posted after ils opening, on the 22fJ of December 2021. A survey about the local handicrafts was implemented to localise producers and identify products. The objective is to have a few of them on display and for sale in the CB TC, in order lo offer additional incomes for the producers, the ￿ntre and to promote this threaten know-how and Iradilion, only done by the elders of the villages. The ADF management team (Director, Development Manager, National Manager, Alternative livelihood staff, CBTC supervisorl combined with the PDOE staff (Director, 8 persons, 3 Rangers in charge) initiated the project with the local authorities and APSARA Authority. During all ongoing aspects of the project, other key stakeholders and particularly the villagers from both Popel and Khlah Khmum were actively consulted. Capacities were built upon and their ideas were enmeshed into all of the project activities, as they would be the beneficiaries at the project conclusion. Rangers and CPA members from Khlah Khmum CPA Ichup Ta Sokl and Popel CPA (Prey Thom Popell, APSARA workers and Khlah Khmum village chief participated lo the surveys for the protected area, north of the village. Rangers were trained on the use of GPS, as well as demarcation rules and process. A planning and workplan were sel up. ADF'S Finance officer continually monitored project expenditures, in close relation with UNDP finance team. All budget lines were spent accordingly. Risks analysis for Popel and Khlah Khmum projects with their corresponding mitigation measures were done and submitted to UNDP. ADF, MOE and UNDP representatives including the UNDP-Small Grand Program representative visited the Popel water system and the Khlah Khmum PA, mel the Popel CPA members and visited the Popel water system with the village chief on the 28th of January 2020 to clear any misunderstanding, in particular regarding the previous unfinished water system. A meeting was organised with Popel villagers that same day to understand and exchange about all previous and current activities. UNDP representatives and Swedish Embassy representatives visited the Popel water system and the Khlah Khmum PA on the 271h of February 2020. MOE representatives Iled by H.E. Sao Sopheapl visited the Popel water system on the 6th of June 2020. A visit lo Popel water system and a meeting with Popel CPA and PWC members was hold during the visit of UNDP and SIDA representatives on the 241h of February 2021. Lunch was organised al Anlong Run waterfall by the ADF and provided by the other CBTC set up by ADF in PKNP (not UNDP funded, Anlong Thom CBTCI The visit was interrupted by the C-19 outbreak in Phnom Penh. Additional meetings were hold with Page 50

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Popel CPA members and PWC in February and March 2021. The C-19 crisis from march 2021 did not allow lo have further visits. Four monitoring reports were handed over to UNDP in November 2019, June 2020, December 2020 and March 2021. The final report was submilled in June 2021. All project partners and stakeholders were involved in all aspects of the project. Project solution derived in a consensual conduct. The eviden￿$ and records of the involvement of all partners are the lists of attendees for large meetings, the syslemalic pictures taken for each activity updated lo ADF, TESCINRMIUNDP and PKNP Telegram groups. ADF team worked and exchanged on a weekly basis on this project, to make sure the expected results were achieved on time and lo solve the inevitable issues Implementing such a project. Pictures were sent lo ADF, TESCINRMIUNDP and PKNP Telegram groups document each slep of the project, with associated dates and comments. This allowed following up the activities and facilitates the writing of this report. All expenses were closely monitored, recorded and checked within 2 different accounting systems IADF and UNDP), by ADF Finance, admin. and communication officer. This tourism ￿ntre Is now operational and offers half day or one-day trek tours, including local guide, local food with hygiene and eco-friendly standards. The Popel CBTC and Popel CPA consists A team of 14 members lead by 2 persons, in charge of offering trekking tours to visitors to the scenic points of Popel CPA (Poeng Gnogneat and 4 secondary walerfallsl, with guides and guards, and 4 cooks in charge of cooking local lunch with environmentally friendly packages (not Using plaslicl. A recenlty extended CPA (from 188 ha lo 798 hal, demarcated by 170 robust concrete posts one placed every 80 meters, each of them marked and geo-referenced, with additional signboards for villagers and visitors at strategic locations. An Information centre in the middle of Popel village, with information signboards and facilities Iloilets, wash bay and water system), A kitchen and cooking equipment for Popel CBTC.. cooking pan and pots mostly, no plate as the food provided by the CBTC is wrapped up un banana leaves (from Humy 1 project abovel. A ne￿Ork of trails for treks to the scenic points mentioned above, 3 wooden kiosks and toilets al Anlong Run Waterfall, A wooden gate lat Veal Ta Lo, one of the entry points of the Popel CPA) lo prevent motorbikes lo go lo Poeng Gnogneat, one of the most spectacular point of the area with giant sandstone boulders, 2 checkpoints at the wesl entrance of Popel CPAand at Veal Ta Lo (from Humy 1 project above), lo control the access of the CPA and to facilitate the sale of the CBTC tours. Several small wooden stairs and handrails where necessary on the waterfall trekking path to facililale the walk on the tracks between the waterfalls, A selection of local handicrafts products. The CBTC also provide an opportunity to promote and sell traditional handicrafts, a know-how threatened to disappear as usually done by elders of the villages. Selling these items at the CBTC will encourage the elders of the Phnom Kulen villages to transmit their unique know-how of environmentally friendly crafted products, and will provide incomes for these vulnerable villagers and the CBTC Isee Humy 2 project above). After on long delay due lo the C-19 pandemic and the related restriction in Cambodia, the centre was officially opened on the 12th of December 2021, in presence of Chhean Ratha, Acting Director for the department of the Monument outside the Angkor Park, APSARA National Authority, Mr. Chueum Tang, Khnong Phnom Commune Chief, Mr. Jérome Humy, HUMY representative in Cambodia, Mr. Sakhoeun Sakada IADF consultant and PKNP Direclor-PDOEI, all CBTC and ADF team, representatives of local authorities and villagers. No representative form UNDP could join. In total, about a hundred people were present. This ceremony included the prayers and blessings of the bonzes of Preah Ang Thom Pagoda, a series of speeches followed by the official opening, the visit from the centre and a meal. These speeches gave the occasion lo present the objectives of Page 51

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 the centre lo a greater number of villagers. Two sets of T-shirts I polo shirts were designed and distributed lo each of the CBTC members. The previous day, on the 111h of December 2021, a cleaning operation was organised by ADF and the PDOE team lo collect garbage on the road from Preah Ang Thom to Popel village today. Apsara National Authority guards, Park rangers, Popel Community Protected Area members, teachers and pupils from Popel primary school and ADF team participated. More than 30 large bags collected and brought to the Preah Ang Thom incinerator. UNDP-PES ect In April 2021, UNDP completed the BESD project with additional funding to ADF {UNDP-PESI and it was slightly re-oriented towards PES related aclivilies. 11 The Iirsl activity was intending lo gel a partnership agreement for PES financing for PKNP, such as private sector companies taking resources form PKNP and to create a CBTC PES fund and if possible, a provincial PES sub-accounl. ADF conducted a short study on the 12 companies or activities extracting natural resources directly form Phnom Kulen National Park. A dislincl report was prepared and is in annex of this final report. This report gives details about the exa¢l location of each company with a location map, and its activity. A list of 18 high standard hotels and resorts, generalty promoting the environmental protection, was also proposed. Due to lime constraint and the Covid outbreak in Cambodia (including lock down and curfew), Il was not possible lo organize meetings and to gel any agreements signed. However, the potential payers are identified and they could be apprtsached to be convinced in participating in the PES project, in a next phase. 21 The second activity was to deliver a monitoring report of forest eover and land use of two selected areas. ADF prepared a monitoring report on the forest Cover changes and land use (with maps and legends) on both selected areas". Khlah Khmum PA and Popel CPA, both areas being either extended or created by the BESD project. The calculation of forested areas, cashew nut farms, grass and shrub areas were done by analysing several satellite pictures of these 2 zones over the year 2019, 2020 and 2021, the project being implemented between these years. Polygons were added lo each type of land use on ArcGIS software and areas were calculated. Overall, the forest cover does not show changes over these 3 years, the cashew nut farms integrated inside the 2 PA being still maintained and harvested. 31 The third activity was sub-divided into.. a. Conducting consultations on livelihood option pertaining to the reforeslalion of 2 watershed areas within cashew nul farms with Anlong Thom villagers, Govt partners, PA members, relevant stakeholders in PKNP. The project was introduced lo the local authorities during meetings hold in May 2021 at Preah Ang Thom commune offiTr. ADF team, commune staff, PDOE and 2 villages chiets (Anlong Thom And Khlah Khmuml were present. b. Holding discussions with the affected farmers for the reforestation of 1 watershed area within cashew nut farms with Anlong Thom villagers and Khlah Khmum villagers and other key stakeholders seeking alternative livelihoodl income generation options derived from the participatory meeting described In the above aclivily. Surveys were done after in the farms next to the springs and all Information were collected. Some of the villagers were participating lo these surveys. The 2 pre-selected watershed areas for the project were Spien Pring (south of Anlong Thom villagel and O'srae, Inside the Khlah Khmum PA, north of Khlah Khmum village. For Anlong Thom village and al Spien Pring, 5 families agreed to give back their land for reforestation, lotalizing more than 5 ha. 18ddilional family from Anlong Thom agreed and another land w8s added in the pmeess (Veal Sambourl, about 2 ha. For Khlah Khmum village, and after numerous surveys and discussions with vi118gers, 7 families agreed to give back their land al O'srae for reforestation. The total of the 2 areas is 20,9 ha". 8,3 ha for Spien Pring and Ve81 Sambo and 12,6 h8 for O, s￿e. The total for the 2 areas involved 13 families. The original objective of 30 families was not achieved because the beneficiaries all chose the most expensive land more profitable oplionl of pig raising. Page 52

Beng Kronhoung Thnong Koki Yeang Kulen Kor Koh Pring Phnav Neang Nuon Chres Khnol Prey

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 The circumstances IC-19 outbreak) and the reticence of the villagers to give back their land were the 2 main difficulties to overcome for ADF team. With a longer lime, additional farmers could have been reached for an agreement lo give their land back for reforestation, with an alternative livelihood activity as a compensation. However, this project showed that the formula works an should be developed in the future. To continue reinforcing the cash-for work project IBESD-C191 to maintain the reforested areas in PKNP and CRBC Iwilhin the BESD-C19 or previously reforested in PKNP, see C- 19 project below). The cash for work was used lo pay workers who prepared, planted and maintained the reforested areas within the PES project. g. To develop and support the existing tree nurseries set up by ADF and supported by Eau KulenlKulara Water company, and run by Anlong Thom, Sangke Lak and Ta Penh primary schools, students and teachers, in order to get additional seedlings for the target area of this proiecl. The 3 ADFIEau Kulen tree nurseries in Sangke Lak, Ta Penh and Anlong Thom primary schools were UF￿rade with lines of bricks sealed with cement to maintain the saplings bags in order and in lines. Species can now be easily separated and identified. Small extensions, used temporarily when the tree nurseries are full and before the first plantations, were being built. Additional material was purchased.. wooden posts 18 per tree nursery), green-shade material 11 roll per tree nursery). metallic fence130 Kg per tree nursery), water pipes15 per tree nursery), irrigation tsnk12 per tree nursery), black plastic bag for young trees110 Kg per tree nursery), and tree seeds. h. To sel up signboards lin the groundl for reforested areas al Spien PringlAnlong Thom village and Prasal Krohoml Khlah Khmum village. Signb08rds lin the groundl were installed for each reforested area 8t Spien Pring and Pras8t Krohom PA. To purchase equipment11 computer) and office supplies. One computer and office supplies were purchased by ADF admin. and finance manager, according to regulations. To ensure the maintenance of equipment Imotorbikesl. The maintenance of equipment Imotorbikesl was done regularly during the project to allow the best implementation of the project. Overall, the UNDP-BESD-PES allowed a few lessons learnt: The selling up of a water system is definitely a plus for Popel village. Its management is under the authority of the Popel Water committee members, under the supervision and authority of the local authorities (Commune, Police) in case of conflicts. Such a system could also be integrated in the Commune and District Development plan, and developed and replicated to other PKNP villages, if any similar projects are considered. Existing water systems are never maintained and inevitably break, unless beneficiaries are charyes for water and a committee is managing it. Charging for water a low price allows the committee lo tske ownership and responsibilities of such water system, whereas free water systems do not belong to anyone and malevolent persons tend to connect themselves belmeen the source and the main reservoirs, depriving water beneficiaries below the distribution reservoir. Capacity and knowledge building with key stakeholders have greatly increased, for example using drone and GPS technology has amplified the project partner's ability to beller manage the PA IPKNP rangers, CPA membersl. This has helped the implementation of the BESD I UNDP project. However, further capacity building in future projects, particularly lo the CPA members, is recommended. More environmental projects, linking the benefit of forest prolectionlregeneration and villager's general health and income Ibuild on the success of this BESD projecll, would be extremely beneficial lo maintain the key stakeholder's enthusiasm and lo maintain the bonds betsveen the implemenlalion partners. An extension of the BESD project duration would have been positive, due to the unforeseen global pandemic of COVID 19, which has slightly delayed some of the project's activities, particularly in March and April 2020, when large meetings were not permitted. Page 54

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 Communities in PKNP can benefit from allernalive livelihood options that are environmentally friendly such as eco-tourism for Popel CPA. However, they are still farmers, and cashew nul is still their main source of income. To minimize this, ADF is precisely and in the framework of this project, proposing eco-friendly agriculture options such as black ginger, fruit trees, pig and chicken raising in Khlah Khmum village. Changing destructive agricultures practices lo new behaviour was the most challenging aspect of this project as the process is very long. Bringing in the PES concept would be a way lo change the villager's behaviour. A global approach, combining environmentally friendly alternative livelihoods and demarcationl law enforcement, is requiod to stop the trend of deforestation and better protect PKNP forest, as well as to build environmental awareness and enhance the economic development for the benefit of the local population. The PES approach was developed towards seveol families in Anlong Thom and Khlah Khmum villages and beneficiaries were keen to give their cullivaled plots for the reforestation, in exchange of an alternative livelihood activity (exclusively pig raising). This is an encouraging resu￿ and il shows this concept can be developed in the future. Approaching private partners for PES implementation require a longer time and has been extremely challenging during the C19 pandemic. A continuation of the project would help to finalize this first phase and to approach a maximum of targeted companies extraction resources from PKNP. UNDP-C.19 Reminder.. Another project was granted from UNDP lo ADF in 2020.. 'Reforesting & building COVID-19 resilien￿ for Phnom Kulen National Park's population and Chankran Roy Biodiversity Corridorf,. The purpose of the grant was lo reforest and to build COVID-19 resilience for Phnom Kulen National Park's population and Chankran Roy Biodiversity Corridor in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia. PKNP has one of the few remaining evergreen forest areas in the northern region of Cambodia, with a majority of forest cover consisting of evergreen and semi evergreen forest, combined with small patches of deciduous diplerocarp forest. In 2017, the UNDP land use study of the park eslimaled that ils forest cover could be estimated lo 20 10 23°/o, Ifrom 7300 to 8500 hal. The deforestation of PKNP is mostly due to the extension of the cashew nut cultivation on the Kulen plateau, population growth and encroachments In the lowlands. In the remaining part of forest, large lo middle size tree are subject to illegal logging. PKNP has an essential hydrological significance, at the Sour￿ of the regional watershed. ect The Ministry of Environment and the PDOE in charge of the park, have still insufficient financial and human resources lo monitor, manage and to enforce the environmental laws that govern and prole¢l the national park. The local population has limited to no knowledge of the environmental laws and the importance forest protection. environmentsl preservation, and the efferts of deforestation on water catchment and climate change. The Covid 19 crisis has a serious impact to the low-income communities of PKNP. This project would bring addition81 cash lo these struggling populations. The absence of well-defined and cohesive park management, zoning and demarcation and law enforcement has contributed lo the destruction of thè forest. The approved Phnom Kulen National Park Management Program and Action Plan, 12018-20221, under the leadership of the Ministry of Environment IMOEI, are aiming to tackle the identified issues. This project IBESD 21 is in direct line with these milestones, documents. Page 55

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 The project objectives were lo". Plant about 36,000 trees corresponding to 48 to 55 hectares reforested with indigenous trees (with an average of 750 trees per hectare) during the 2020 rainy season, within water catchment and protected areas of the PKNP.. Prasat Krohom PA, 5 CPAS, Chankran Roy Corridor and other degraded water catchment areas of PKNP. Using practical facilities Ilree nursery) in Khlah Khmum village with trained local staff. Maintenance of the reforested areas, ensuring that trees are properly growing. Patrolling to a maximum of 60 times the reforested areas by PKNP rangers and communities At least 500/0 of the project budget is sel aside for cash-for-work income for PKNP low-income and returnee population, during the hard time of the Covid 19 crisis. Provide emergency response lo $90 COVID-19 and vulnefftble villagers lat 500/0 women) through the tree planting and expected results need to be updated Build environmental awareness for the local communities (villagers, CPA members) and local authorities Ivillage and commune chief, PDOE rangers) by involving them in all aspects. Enhance key stakeholders, knowledge Ilocal population, PKNP rangers, PDOE staff, MOEI, regarding the reforestslion process and the importance of a protected natural environment in PKNP, linked with the importance of water for health, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rehabilitate the PKNP and Chankran Roy Corridor forest, with the following effect of a restored natural environment and resources, notably rainwater, biodiversity. To achieve the above objectives, the following expected re5uItS are.. 48 10 55 hectares in PKNP and Chankran Roy Corridor should be restored, which is divided as follow.. Reforestation of selected areas Ilo be determined after field verification and risks assessmentl within the 5 CPAS by GDANCP. Reforestation of selected areas within the PA north of Khlah KhmLJm village IPrasat Krohom water catchment areal by ADF Ito be determined after field verification and risks assessment Reforeslalion of selected areas within Chankran Roy Corridor by ADF Ito be detemiined after field verification and risks assessmenll. A tree nursery al Khlah Khmum village for indigenous saplings (seedling, prepaffttionl strengthened A maintenance program lo protect the tree growth from invasive species (grass and shrubs) developed A law enforcement component, aiming to support training, material and financial resources to ranger patrols of the reforested areas. 690 COVID-19 and vulnerable villagers (aiming to reach 500A of women) seleeled and benefiting from the tree planting and maintenance of planted trees. Im lemenled activities The original project was planned from the 1# of September to the 31# of December 2020. However, due to the late first transfer from UNDP and the heavy fftins slowing down the project's implementation, it was extended at no cost until the 31* of May 2021. The report of this project presents the results from 2020, completed with the 2021 activities and results. Sile assessments Several sile assessments were undertaken for the 2 selected sites for this project (Phnom Kulen National Park {PKNP} and Chankran Roy Biodiversity Corridor {CRBC} lor Community Forestry, {CF}I, through obsetvalion of re￿nI satellites images and field visits. These assessments were done in August and September 2020, prior lo the reception of the funds into ADFIEnvironmenl account lon the 25th of September 20201 and continued in PKNP in October. They were done by the ADF national manager and the PDOE staff, including rangers of PKNP. In PKNP, the field verification and risks assessment on biodiversity focused on degraded plots of young forest, illegally cul and burn in 2018 and 2019 by local farmers. Since 2019, the PDOE and the PKNP authorities have warned the population that slash and bum agriculture is no longer Page 56

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 permitted and that every plot illegally deforested using this technique should be seized for reforeslalion. The deforestation of PKNP is due to this slash and burn practice for cashew nul faming, usually corresponding lo one of two hectares per plot. Large surfaces for reforestation are usually not existing bul fragmented into several of these illegally farmed areas. This means the surveys are longer, the access lo these plots are often problematic as they are disseminated in multiples areas with small access tracks and the transportation of saplings requires several rounds trips. After observation of satellite images and additional field verilicalion by PKNP staff and rangers, a selection of these recently deforested plots was established, priorilizing the local watersheds Istreams and river banks) and water sources. The reforestation of these areas will mitigate the soil erosion and flash floods, and will help lo maintsin surface water and regenerate the aquifer. The area selected for reforestation are completely deforested and only present high grasses growing. In CRBC, the field assessment was done in conjunction with the Community Forestry leader, CF members and PKNP rangers, selecting bmo separated area on 11.5 and 17.1 hectares within the CRBC. These two areas appeared as forested on the recent satellite Images. However. they were recommended by the CF team as they were previously burn a few years ago12016, 20171. As a result, the large trees died and field assessments and field verification Indicated that they were overed with grass and low vegetation. A third area of 10.2 hectares was selected after a meeting hold be￿een CF members, ADF and PdoE staff and PKNP rangers. Beneficiaries selection and arran emenl. The beneficiary's selection was done after several meetings. For PKNP, two meetings were organized on the 24th of September and on the 61h of October 2020, at the Phnom Kulen Preah Ang Thom ranger station. On the 10th of October, another meeting w8S organized al the Phnom Kulen Preah Ang Thom ranger station lo comfort the beneficiary list. A field survey was done afterwards until night lime lo assess the selected areas lo reforest. A last meeting was organized on the day after (Sunday 111n of October) lo finalize the fi'ndings of the previous meetings and surveys and sel up the action plan. For CBRC, two meetings were organized on the 2nd of October at the Varin District hall and on the 9th October 2020, al the Srey Noy commune hall. In both occasions, the deputy governor of Varin district, Mr. Both Vibol was the chairman). All meetings were following UNDP criteria for this project. These meeting gathered the ADF Director and National Manager, the PDOE Director and staff, rangers of PKNP, the local authorities (Districts deputies of Varin and Svay Leu districts, commune chiets and village chietsl, the CF chief and members ofCRBC and the Community Protected Areas ICPAI chief and members in PKNP. The entire project involved the populations from one commune in Svay Leu district (Khnong Phnom) and 5 communes in Varin district ILovea Krang, Srey Noy, Svay Saa, Prasat, Varinl. These meetings presented the project lo all parties involved and helped to determine the respective roles and responsibilities. For the PKNP area, il was decided that the national park rangers would survey the areas and that the village chiefs would provide the list of people Corresponding to the project criteria. For CRBC, il was decided that the local authorities would help lo detemiine the identity of the beneficiaries corresponding to the project criteria and that the CF team would determine the area to select for reforestation. In both target areas, a draft list of beneficiaries was reqLJesled from the local authorities taking into account the level of vulnerability and the criteria for engaging workers in the cash for work project.. people who lost Iheirjobs in cities and neighbouring countries due lo the ongoing COVID-19 crises, local people who directly or indirectly Impacted by the COVID-19 through losing of jobs or income in the tourism sector, households that have returnees, including local migrant members, local people who are classified as poor members in the village or commune with holding ID poor 1 and 2 labels, members ofCPA or Community Forest communities, women headed households, and an additional criterion was added by the commune chief." the poor villagers with no ID label yet, but sanctioned by the commune chief. For the criteria conceming the local people who are classified as poor members with holding ID poor 1 and 2 labels, ADF and PDOE could not always quantify this parameter as.. some beneficiaries have poor ID cards" 1 and 2, as indicated in the payment fomis, some beneficiaries are poor without poor ID card. yel but came and got paid, some beneficiaries have poor ID cards bul did Page 57

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 not come leven if we announced this opportunilyl as they have no transportation ways to reach the plantation areas. These problems happened in both target areas.. PKNP and CRBC and for both reforestation and maintenance operations. For the C-19 affected criteria, the people from these rural areas have seasonal employments, when they have one, and are most of the time farmers. Therefore, it was not possible lo quantify these criteria, in the limited amount of lime we had. Due to time constraint, ADF was not able lo record the women headed household criteria. However, the difference of sex was recorded for each beneficiary during the project. These lists of payment were signed and stamped by the commune chiefs involved for PKNP and CRBC, the representative of PDOE or ADF, and the Director of the Provincial Department of Environment. ADF, in collaboration with the local authorities, has organized village meetings in Popel village on the 6th of October 2020 inviting people In the draft list and key community people to participate. Due to time conslrainl, no other meeting was organized In PKNPIKhnong Phnom commune. For the CRBC, meetings were organEed by the Varin Distri¢l and the commune chiefs, notably al the Srey Noy commune hall, and at the CF station by the FC team lo inform the population about the project. Villagers were briefed about the project objectives and activities including payments they an receive and they were explained about selection criteria as listed above for selecting cash for work participants. Due to time constraint, ADFIPDOE was not able to send the final list and submit it lo UNDP for review and endorsement prior to kick off the field activity implementation. The funds were received 3 weeks after the official starting date of the project 11" of September 20201, on the 251h of September 2020. Due to this delay, the land preparation had to be done quickly and workers for this task were selected according the UNDP criteri8. Dissemination and awareness raisin reforested areas.. These meetings were also giving the occasion lo disseminate and bring awareness on reforestation. Every reforested area has been mapped and each map is presented on each signboard. The signboards for each reforested area were designed and sel up from the 26th of November lo the 3rd of December 2020. Each signboard presents a title in Khmer I"Reforeslation" + the name of the projecll. the map of the reforested area, the UTM coordinates of the area, and the logo of all stakeholders. For PKNP, S signboards were sel up." 1 at each location141 and 1 general Ipresenling all 4 areas), close lo the 'Halo Trust bridge, close to the first location and on the main road from Preah Ang Tom lo Anlong Thom village. For CRBC, 6 signboards were set up.. 1 al each location131 and 3 general Ipresenting all 3 areas), at the difference entrances of the aoa. on reforeslationl Si nboards settin and ma of the Tree urchasin The saplings from ADF 3 tree nurseries lin Sangke Lak, Ta Penh and Anlong Thom tree nurseries, PKNPI were too small to be planted within this project. The saplings from Chup Ta Sok CPA tree nursery in Khlah Khmum village IPKNPI were counted and only 3600 Beng (Afzelia xyloc2rpa (Kruz.) were available. They were not used for this project yel as this village is difficult lo access and il would have raised the transportation costs. They may be used for future reforestation activities in PKNP, if a selected area is located in the vicinity of this tree nursery. A quolalion from each potential tree provider was done comparing the prI￿S of purchasing saplings and Iransportalion. The private tree nursery in Kompong Thom, located in the same provin￿ had sufficient saplings lo reach the project larget136,0001. However, Iransportalion costs were loo high lo respect the project budget constraint. Most of the Irees124,2001 were therefore purchased from the Forestry Adminislralion IFA, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) tree nursery l Khna nursery l in Phum Khna Krew, Svay Leu district, Kanluot commune, Siem Reap province. From early October to the 6th of November, 36,0000 saplings were purchased and transported in 3 different occasions lo the selected areas. On the 6th of November, 6000 last saplings were purchased to finalize the reforestation area in CRBC and transported the following day. 11,000 were purchased in Siem Reap from 3 different places. Page 58

Afzelia xylocarpa (Kruz.) Hopea helferi Dipterocarpus alatus Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre Pterocarpus Macrocarpus Kurz

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• Beng Afzelia xylocarpa Kruz Craib Yeng Dipterocarpus alatus

• Hopea helferi Kronghoung Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre Thnong Pterocarpus Macrocarpus Kurz

• Beng Afzelia xylocarpa Kruz. Craib Yeng Dipterocarpus alatus

• Koki Hopea helferi Kronghoung Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre

• Thnong Pterocarpus Macrocarpus Kurz

• Beng Afzelia xylocarpa (Kruz.) Craib Yeng Dipterocarpus

• alatus Koki Hopea helferi Kronghoung Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre Thnong Pterocarpus Macrocarpus Kurz

Wing

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 As requested by UNDP, ADF and PDOE continued the reforeststion activities until the 15th November 2020 as the rain stopped. The objective of ADFIMoEIPDoE was to reforest 48 to 55 hectares in total. At the end of 2020, 54.2 hectares were planted with 36,000 saplings. ADF and PDOE considered that the objectives were reached and that the remaining funds should be allocated lo implement the maintenance operations for the reforested areas, during the coming month. The non-cosl extension was agreed in December 2020. The maintenance operations of the planted areas already stared in November 2020 (see below). They were able to be continued from January 2021, until the end of the project in May 2021. Due to the low survival rate in PKNP ￿fOrested areas, ADF requested to UNDP to use some of the remaining budget for maintenance to purchase sapling, in order to replant saplings in the plots where the survival rate was low12 areas next lo Sangke Lak village, 1 area next lo Anlong Thom village). 36,000 trees were planted in the Nvo selected areas.. 12,000 {+3912 additional for replacement) in PKNP and 24,000 in CRBC. These operations, including land preparation and plantation involved 1336 persons in 2020, including 685 women151.270AI. For 2021, 155 were involved in preparation and plantation, all in corresponding lo the UNDP criteria for this project. Weedin of reforested areas Due to the late start of this project, this activity has started in December 2020 until May 2021, as the non-cost extension was approved by UNDP. C-19 affected workers and CF members were hired on a ￿gUlar basis lo clear goss re-growing around each tree, insuring a better survival rate. Regular surveys and patrols of the reforested areas were implemented by ADF and PDOE staff together with the PKNP rangers and the CF members. Due to the high numbers of trees planted in a limited amount of days (for example, 18,000 trees planted in only IMO days in CRBCI, the tree planting cash for work funds were not fully spent. Maintenance operations started from the 1 St of November 2020 in CRBC. In CRBC, a wood slick was installed next lo each planted tree and grass cleared 129-301h of October 20201. This is facilitating the future clearing of grass as trees will be easily visible with these markers. Maintenance started on the 12th of November In PKNP and continued on the 1 P, 2151 22nd 23rd 241h 25th 26th 301h and 1 St of December, in both target area, with a large number of participants. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic risks, the Maintenan￿ had to stop after this dale. The Maintenan￿ operations consisted in placing a wood stick next lo each planted tree Ilo spot easily the tree in the grown grass during the next maintenance phase), weeding, watering if water was available closely and, In some cases, digging around the tree, lo sel up a circular dike to relain water. During the period covering December 2020 to 31￿ of May 2021, the maintenance operations took place at the following dates.. In CRBC it was started in January 2W, 30th 31￿ and 1* of February 2021. 11 was resumed on the 23rd 24th 25th February 2021, then again 3 days from the 25th 10 27th of march 2021 and finally 4 days from 1 9th of May to 22ndof May 2021. In PKNP, il was implemented on the 6th and 71n 11th and 12th 16lh and 171h and 24th of February 2021 14 days at Phum Thmey location), and in March 29th 30th and 31￿13 days in Sangke Lak area n.11, and finally 4 days from 191n of May to 22nd of May 2021. All maintenance operations took place under the responsibility of ADF and PKNP rangers. Maintenance operations continued with the same sequence, from the 1st of December 2020 to the 31st of May 2021. In CRBC, 276 persons were involved in these maintenance activities, including 138 females, 138 head of families, 28 CF members, 1 disable and 25 widows. In PKNP, 287 persons were involved in these maintenances and planting aclivilies, including 167 females, 144 head of families, 9 CPA members and 59 widows. For the PKNP, these figures combine the number of participants replanting trees in the areas were the survival rale was low12 areas in Sangke Lak and 1 area in Anlong Thom, all in PKNPI and regular maintenan￿. For both areas ICRBC and PKNPI, this represents a lolal of 563 persons, including 305 females 154.170/01, 282 head of families, 37 community members, 1 disable and 84 widows. The selection Page 61

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 of the beneficiaries was validated by the Khnong Phnom Commune Council for the PKNP reforested areas and by the Community Forestry in CRBC, respecting the UNDP criteria. A visit lo the Phum Thmey reforested area in PKNP was done during the visit of UNDP and SIDA represenlalives on the 24th of February 2021, while the maintenance operation was undertaken. The visit was interrupted because of the C-19 outbreak in Phnom Penh and the visit scheduled for the 251h of February 2021 in CRBC was cancelled. An additional visit by UNDP team look place on the 21st of May 2021 in CRBC. Re ular monitorin & forest fire revenlion In 2020, patrolling of the reforested areas was stsrted in CRBC only. It was started in January 2021 in PKNP. The regular surveys of the different reforested areas were implemented by ADF and PDOE staff, together with the PKNP rangers and the CF members. The survival rates for the different reforested areas were the following.. 900/0 alive in Chankran roy lin the 3 areas)., in PKNP14 areas).. Phum Thmey area -40010, Sangke Lak 1 and 2 areas-100/0, AnlongThom area-1 OQkn. The low sutvival rale in PKNP is due to 11 Late plantation in PKNP and lack of rain (whereas there were a few late rains in Chankran Roy) 21 the villagers were still cullivaling the reforested areas Iwilh beans) while trees were planted. They might be responsible for the loss of trees. PDOE IPKNP rangersl and ADF monitored the situation with the farmers of these 3 locations with a low rate of survival110°knl. An agreement was concluded lon the 3rd of April 20211 with 1 farmer lal Sangke Lakl, slating that the trees Iplanled forest trees and young cashew null should be preserved in this particular area. The farmers who illegalty cut plots of forested area Ifor slash and burn cullivalion then cashew nut farming) were employed by the project for their reforestation and maintenance. No other agreements were signed with the farmers of the other low survival rale areas, as they all agreed lo give back these deforested plots. This has ensured that the reforested areas were well maintained. The weeding of these areas has also prevented fire to destroy these newly reforested areas. The patrolling 8Ctivities were implemented in April and May 2021, when the villagers are usually cutting forest for the slash and burn agriculture. ADF and PDOE teams selected the areas to be patrolled in PKNP. Each area was georefèrenced and given a name corresponding lo the high point, a stream, or a rock formation. They include 34 ￿ngers, divided in 7 groups. The patrols look place during 3 to 4 days, from the 5th to Fn of April, from the 81n lo 11th of April, from 1 Ph lo 20th of April, from the 191n to 21 $1 of April, 22nd to 25th of April 2021. In May 2021, they look place from the 91h to 121h from the 1 Olh to 13th and from the 12lh to 151n of May 2021. The rangers have stopped illegal wood cutting and transportation, confiscated hunting weapons and animal traps, educated the persons they caught, marked dozens of trees with the letler'Don't" Icul the Ireel. During, these patrols, 7 persons were taken into court by PDOE staff through the legal procedure and are wailing for a judgment. The maintenance operations have started from November and December 2020 in the reforested areas using the remaining tree planting cash for work funds as well as the Maintenan￿ and patrolling funds. The non-cost extension for this project, focusing on the maintenance and the patrolling activities during the next 5 months lfrom January to May 20211 was approved in December 2020. 11 has ensured a better survival rale of the planted trees, prevent grass fires during the dry season, and allow to involve more beneficiaries. The Maintenan￿ and patrolling budget were used for this. The funds not used for reforestation were reallocated to the maintenance of the reforested areas. The financial report and the budget lines were redefined accordingly, in concertation and with the agreement of the UNDP team. Coordination with GDANCP and be￿een PDOE ADF local authorities and CF The GDANCP staff was supposed to oversight the planting aclivilies. However, and due to time constraints, ADF and PDOE had to start the reforestation activities urgently. ADF and PDOE will Page 62

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 require their visit during the maintenance operations, in order to present the entire project in both areas IPKNP and CRBCI. The PDOE staff coordination and support was ensured by one staff from PDOE, with the help of the Park director and the deputy park director Imostly for meetings, surveys and logistic), and involved more than 40 rangers. The ADF staff coordination and support was done by the ADF Director and ADF National Manager who attended launching meetings in PKNP, Varin and CRBC. ADF National Manager is in charge of the implementation of the project together with the staff from PDOE. ADF Accounting and Administration officer was in charge of recording every expense, making sure all budget lines were not overspent and finalizing the financial reports. During the entire project, there was a regular coordination be￿een PDOE-ADF and UNDP lo adapt the project to the evolving circumstances. For example, the ADF team have requested lo use some of the remaining maintenance funds to purchase trees to allow reforestation where the survival rale was low IPKNPI. The UNDP-C.19 project, originally scheduled to end on the 31* of De￿mber 2020, was extended until the 3131 of May 2021 with the weeding of the reforested areas and regular monitoring and forest fire prevention. This delay with no additional funds was mostly due lo the late transfer of the funds and the heavy rains in October 2020, slowing down all activities. Overall results There were 189911336 in 2020 and 563 in 20211 selected COVID-19 affected andlor vulnerable people selecled152,21 D/0 of women) for this project. The objective of 690 was laryely ex￿eded as 1899 persons benefilled from the project. These lists were sent by ADFIPDOE lo UNDP as supporting documents, together with the receipts. Mobile transfer was not practically possible as not every villager has mobile phone and cash withdraw offices are not easily accessible nor existing for workers in the 2 selected areas. 11 signboards were set up for each location and at strategic locations for both target areas. 54.2 ha of degraded areas were reforested trees with almost 40,000 trees planted. The 2 maintenance programs lo protect the tree growth was sel up and defined in January 2021, after the second trench was transferred from UNDP to ADF. The maintenance program of the 2 areas IPKNP and CRBCI was undertaken every month (ex￿pt April 2021 because of C-19 lockdown), for 3 to 7 days. Four monitoring reports1151h of November 2020, 30th of November 2020, 181h of February 2021, 3011 of March 20211 were sent lo UNDP as well as and 1 final report at the completion of the project. Risks analysis for the project with their corresponding mitigation measures were done and submilled lo UNDP. Overall, the UNDP-C-19 allowed a few lessons learnt: Funds for the implementation of the project should not be transferred too late after the signing of the LVGA belween the parties, particularly when the project involves reforestation activities al the end of the rainy season. Reforeslalion activities should be undertaken al the beginning or al the mid-term of the rainy season rather than al the end. This would ensure a maximum rainfall for the planted trees and an easier access lo the areas lo be prepared and reforested. Some of the reforested areas were extremely difficult to access due lo heavy rains in October 2020 and the process of bringing the saplings was slow down. Reforeslalion in PKNP is sometimes problematic as the land selected is not completely retaken by the govemment IMoE-PDoEI. The use of the plots, even though for illegal farming, is often claimed by the villagers. An adminislralive procedure, quite often long, is necessary lo guaontee that the villagers are officially ready and agree lo give up the plot for reforestation. Page 63

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 This procedure is not preventing reforestation activities bul il should be anticipated, particularly during the dry season, so the land can be available for reforeslalion during the rainy season. Reforested areas can sometimes be used by famiers to cultivate crops. This can also explain the low survival rates in some reforested areas in PKNP. A better communication and engagement between the PKNP rangers and the farmers should be initiated before reforestation happen. A stronger involvement of the farmer's family for the reforeststion and maintenance activities should be considered. Payment by Wing or other similar ways for workers should not be considered as a payment solution for these villagers. The wilhdow offices are not easily accessible for these remote areas. Additionally, they do not a￿ayS have smart phone and even though, they are not familiar with these ways of payments. The payment of every workers through these transfers would have required additional time to leach them how lo gel paid through this way. Due lo time constraint, il was not possible. The geneol budget should include some budget lines for the transporiation of saplings and material to support the tree planting and maintenance. Reforestation activities others than the UNDP-C19 Reminder.. Since 2015, ADF participated and facilitated several activities related lo tree planting activities in PKNP.. selection of the area to be planted, organisalion and logistic on the field, design of signboards, plantation, mobilisalion of person to plant. As an example, 23 hectares were planted with 31,200 saplings in 2019 within PKNP. ADF also combined the list of all replanted area from 2015 10 2019 in PKNP. The total of saplings planted reaches 241,500 for 97.5 hectares during this 5-year period. In 2020, this lotsl figure was largely expended due to the UNDP-C.19 project Isee above). The total number of reforested hectares, including the ones form the UNDP-C.19 project, reached almost 90 hectares. 87,100 trees were planted in 32 different locations. In 2021, within the UNDP-BESD, 20,9 hectares were planted within cashew nul farms (see above, UNDP-BESD project). 6,8 additional hectares were planted in 3 different locations with a lolal of 5,600 trees lincluding 3000 trees on 2,5 hectares within the Popel CPA thanks lo the CIRD project, see above). Apart from the UNDP-C-19 projecl12020-20211, 27,7 hectares were therefore planted in 2021 in PKNP. These combined figLJres include projects in which ADF was the main actor, and projects were PDOE was the main implementing partner. A large majority of these projects have been supported by UNDP. ect Additional Su ort to PDOEI Ran er atrol su ort funded b Terre Cambod e Due to the financial difficulties encountered by this donor, this project was not continued in 2021. It has been integrated in 2021 within the Humy 2 project (see above). The patrolling training sessions were organised from October lo December 2021 and field patrols in PKNP only started in January 2022. ADF continued to support the Provincial Department of Environment IPDOEI with mapping for specific projects such as around Phnom Hop area (Orchid cenlrel, or the PKNP general zoning. Road construction ect across PKNP As per the previous years, ADF has participated and advised PDOE and APSARA about the road construction project across the national Park. ADF also advised the APSARA Authority and the UNESCO-ICC sustainable development experts in June and December 2021. ADMINISTFIATION In March 2021, ADF finalized and signed a Memorandum of Understanding IMOUI with HUMY NGO. 11 formalizes all responsibilities of the parties. It was signed for a 3-years period, from March 2021 to March 2024. Page 64

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION IA Company Limited by Guarantee) TRUSTEE'S REPORT {CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021 In preparing this report, the Iruslees have tsken advantage of the small company exemptions provided by section 415A of the Companies Act 2006 This report was approved by the Trustees and signed on their behalf by.. Vincent Chevance Trustee Dale.. 21 october 2022 Page 65

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Independent Examiner's Report to the Trustee of Archaeology and Development Foundation ('the Charity')

I report to the charity Trustee on my examination of the accounts of the Charity for the year ended 31 December 2021.

Responsibilities and Basis of Report

As the Trustee of the Charity (and its directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 ('the 2006 Act').

Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the Charity are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of the Charity's accounts carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 ('the 2011 Act'). In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act.

Independent Examiner's Statement

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no material matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe:

1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the Charity as required by section 386 of the 2006 Act; or

2. the accounts do not accord with those records; or

3. the accounts do not comply with the accounting requirements of section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a 'true and fair' view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination; or

4. the accounts have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities [applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)].

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

This report is made solely to the Charity's Trustee in accordance with Part 4 of the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008. My work has been undertaken so that I might state to the Charity's Trustee those matters I am required to state to them in an Independent Examiner's Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, I do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Charity and the Charity's Trustee for my work or for this report.

Signed: Dated: 21 October 2022

Lee Facey

Lubbock Fine LLP

Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditors Paternoster House 65 St Paul's Churchyard London EC4M 8AB

Page 66

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES INCORPORATING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Note Income from: Donations 3 Investments 4 Total income Expenditure on: Charitable activities 5 Total expenditure Net movement in funds Reconciliation of funds: Total funds brought forward Net movement in funds Total funds carried forward	Unrestricted funds 2021 £ 34,035 - 34,035 43,080 43,080 (9,045) (19,768) (9,045) (28,813)	Restricted funds 2021 £ 110,083 77 110,160 128,462 128,462 (18,302) 88,876 (18,302) 70,574	Total funds 2021 £ 144,118 77 144,195 171,542 171,542 (27,347) 69,108 (27,347) 41,761	Total funds 2020 £ 161,613 188 161,801 262,833 262,833 (101,032) 170,140 (101,032) 69,108

The Statement of Financial Activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year.

The notes on pages 69 to 79 form part of these financial statements.

Page 67

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee) REGISTERED NUMBER: 06429421

BALANCE SHEET

AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2021

Note Fixed assets Tangible assets 10 Current assets Debtors 11 Cash at bank and in hand Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 12 Net current assets Total net assets Charity funds Restricted funds 13 Unrestricted funds 13 Total funds	2021 £ - 42,655 42,655 (6,561)	2021 £ 5,667 36,094 41,761 70,574 (28,813) 41,761	2020 £ 10,001 52,440 62,441 (3,277)	2020 £ 9,944 59,164 69,108 88,876 (19,768) 69,108

The Charity was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006.

The members have not required the company to obtain an audit for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of Companies Act 2006.

The Trustee acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Act with respect to accounting records and preparation of financial statements.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to entities subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Trustee and signed on their behalf by:

Vincent Chevance Trustee Date:

The notes on pages 69 to 79 form part of these financial statements.

Page 68

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

1. General information

Archaeology and Development Foundation is a charitable company limited by guarantee incorporated in England and Wales. Its registered office address and place of business is 25 Brooks Mews, London, W1K 4DZ.

2. Accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Charities SORP (FRS 102) - Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006.

Archaeology and Development Foundation meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy.

2.2 Going concern

The Charity is in the main reliant on donations and the support of related parties to meet its running costs. Due to the nature of its activities, the majority of the Charity's expenditure is incurred directly on charitable projects and so the Charity is able to control its direct charitable expenditure based upon the level of donation income that it has received and the anticipated ongoing support of related parties.

The Trustee considers it appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis on the assumption that sufficient incoming resources will be generated to meet the Charity's running costs. The financial statements do not include any adjustment which would result if there were insufficient funds available in respect of the Charity's operations.

2.3 Donations and gifts

All income is recognised once the Charity has entitlement to the income, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount of income receivable can be measured reliably.

Donations and gifts are included in full in the Statement of Financial Activities when receivable.

2.4 Expenditure

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to transfer economic benefit to a third party, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. Expenditure is classified by activity. The costs of each activity are made up of the total of direct costs and shared costs, including support costs involved in undertaking each activity. Direct costs attributable to a single activity are allocated directly to that activity. Shared costs which contribute to more than one activity and support costs which are not attributable to a single activity are apportioned between those activities on a basis consistent with the use of resources. Central staff costs are allocated on the basis of time spent, and depreciation charges allocated on the portion of the asset�s use.

Expenditure on charitable activities is incurred on directly undertaking the activities which further the Charity's objectives, as well as any associated support costs.

Page 69

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

2. Accounting policies (continued)

2.4 Expenditure (continued)

All expenditure is inclusive of irrecoverable VAT.

2.5 Interest receivable

Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the Charity; this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the institution with whom the funds are deposited.

2.6 Foreign currencies

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at rates of exchange ruling at the reporting date.

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate ruling on the date of the transaction.

Exchange gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Financial Activities.

2.7 Tangible fixed assets and depreciation

Tangible fixed assets costing £200 or more are capitalised and recognised when future economic benefits are probable and the cost or value of the asset can be measured reliably.

Tangible fixed assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, tangible fixed assets are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. All costs incurred to bring a tangible fixed asset into its intended working condition should be included in the measurement of cost.

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of tangible fixed assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.

Depreciation is provided on the following bases:

• Freehold property over 10 years straight line Motor vehicles - 25% straight line - Office equipment 33.33% straight line

2.8 Debtors

Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any trade discounts due.

2.9 Cash at bank and in hand

Cash at bank and in hand includes cash and short-term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.

Page 70

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

2. Accounting policies (continued)

2.10 Liabilities and provisions

Liabilities are recognised when there is an obligation at the Balance Sheet date as a result of a past event, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefit will be required in settlement, and the amount of the settlement can be estimated reliably.

Liabilities are recognised at the amount that the Charity anticipates it will pay to settle the debt or the amount it has received as advanced payments for the goods or services it must provide.

2.11 Financial instruments

The Charity only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

2.12 Fund accounting

General funds are unrestricted funds which are available for use at the discretion of the Trustee in furtherance of the general objectives of the Charity and which have not been designated for other purposes.

Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by donors or which have been raised by the Charity for particular purposes. The costs of raising and administering such funds are charged against the specific fund. The aim and use of each restricted fund is set out in the notes to the financial statements.

Investment income, gains and losses are allocated to the appropriate fund.

3. Income from donations

Unrestricted funds 2021 £ Donations 34,035 Unrestricted funds 2020 £ Donations 11,313	Restricted funds 2021 £ 110,083 Restricted funds 2020 £ 150,300	Total funds 2021 £ 144,118 Total funds 2020 £ 161,613

Page 71

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

4. Investment income

Bank interest Unrestricted funds 2020 £ Bank interest 9 5. Analysis of expenditure on charitable activities Summary by fund type	Restricted funds 2021 £ 77 Restricted funds 2020 £ 179	Total funds 2021 £ 77 Total funds 2020 £ 188

Unrestricted funds 2021 £ Charitable costs 43,080 Unrestricted funds 2020 £ Charitable costs 68,987 6. Analysis of expenditure by activities Activities undertaken directly 2021 £ Charitable costs 166,632	Restricted funds 2021 £ 128,462 Restricted funds 2020 £ 193,846 Support costs 2021 £ 4,910	Total 2021 £ 171,542 Total 2020 £ 262,833 Total funds 2021 £ 171,542

Page 72

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

6. Analysis of expenditure by activities (continued)

	Activities
	undertaken	Support	Total
	directly	costs	funds
	2020	2020	2020
	£	£	£
Charitable costs	255,668	7,165	262,833

Analysis of support costs

Accountancy fees Independent examination fees (governance) Foreign currency loss Bank charges and interest Accountancy fees Independent examination fees (governance) Foreign currency gain Bank charges and interest	Charitable costs 2021 £ 1,784 1,500 144 1,482 4,910 Charitable costs 2020 £ 2,513 750 2,256 1,646 7,165	Total funds 2021 £ 1,784 1,500 144 1,482 4,910 Total funds 2020 £ 2,513 750 2,256 1,646 7,165

Page 73

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

7. Staff costs

Wages and salaries	2021 £ 49,570 49,570	2020 £ 69,850
		69,850

The average number of persons employed by the Charity during the year was as follows:

	2021	2020
	No.	No.
Average number of employees	11	12

No employee received remuneration amounting to more than £60,000 in either year.

8. Trustee's remuneration and expenses

During the year, no Trustees received any remuneration or other benefits (2020 - £NIL).

During the year ended 31 December 2021, no Trustee expenses have been incurred (2020 - £NIL).

9. Taxation

The company is a registered charity with the Charity Comissioners for England and Wales. It is not liable to corporation tax on any surplus arising from its charitable activites.

Page 74

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

10. Tangible fixed assets

Cost At 1 January 2021 Additions Disposals At 31 December 2021 Depreciation At 1 January 2021 Charge for the year On disposals At 31 December 2021 Net book value At 31 December 2021 At 31 December 2020	Freehold property £ 28,288 - - 28,288 22,413 2,829 - 25,242 3,046 5,875	Motor vehicles £ 19,590 - (2,500) 17,090 17,777 743 (2,500) 16,020 1,070 1,813	Office equipment £ 21,828 662 - 22,490 19,572 1,367 - 20,939 1,551 2,256	Total £ 69,706 662 (2,500) 67,868
				59,762 4,939 (2,500) 62,201
				5,667 9,944

Motor vehicles sold in the year resulted in a profit on disposal of $850 which was been included in direct costs of charitable activity.

11. Debtors

Due within one year Prepayments and accrued income	2021 £ - -	2020 £ 10,001 10,001

12. Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

	2021	2020
	£	£
Accruals and deferred income	6,561	3,277

Page 75

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

13. Statement of funds

Statement of funds - current year

Unrestricted funds General Funds Restricted funds Hygiene and sanitation project Income Generation project TREE project UNDP Total of funds	Balance at 1 January 2021 £ (19,768) 2,616 26,663 20,345 39,252 88,876 69,108	Income £ 34,035 73,932 2,535 7,963 25,730 110,160 144,195	Expenditure £ (43,080) (40,993) (11,715) (17,328) (58,426) (128,462) (171,542)	Balance at 31 December 2021 £ (28,813) 35,555 17,483 10,980 6,556 70,574
				41,761

Page 76

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

13. Statement of funds (continued)

Statement of funds - prior year

Unrestricted funds General Funds Restricted funds Hygiene and sanitation project Income Generation project Environment Reforestation TREE project Popel project UNDP Total of funds	Balance at 1 January 2020 £ 41,714 24,154 48,926 (3,817) 9,795 5,347 44,021 128,426 170,140	Income £ 11,322 593 6,703 - 23,120 - 120,063 150,479 161,801	Expenditure £ (68,987) (22,131) (28,966) - (12,570) - (130,179) (193,846) (262,833)	Transfers in/out £ (3,817) - - 3,817 - (5,347) 5,347 3,817 -	Balance at 31 December 2020 £ (19,768) 2,616 26,663 - 20,345 - 39,252 88,876
					69,108

Page 77

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

. Statement of funds (continued)

Hygiene and sanitation project - Project to develop accessibility to water, sanitation and hygiene, combined with environmental awareness, in two primary schools of Phnom Kulen.

Income Generation project - Provision of technical and other assistance to farmers to replace destructive farming practices. This fund also covers the CAR project which is to develop a community based tourism centre to develop incomes from the local community. The separate CAR project fund was reallocated to the Income Generation project to combine projects with concurrent aims. This also includes the rangers patrol project.

Environment Reforestation - Projects to reinforce ADF activities towards the reforestation of the Phnom Kulen National Park and the Chankran Roy Community Forestry.

TREE project - This relates to a participatory tree growing project to be implemented in three village schools on the plateau of Phnom Kulen National Park and includes the HUMY 1 & 2 project and CIRD project which are explained below.

HUMY 1 & 2

Relates to a project providing infrastructures and materials necessary for a Community-based Tourism Centre (CBTC) in a Popel Community Protected Area (CPA). Also provides for training for CPA members.

CIRD

Relates to a project to implement tree growing and tree planting in Phnom Kulen National Park.

Popel project - This relates to the expansion of a Community Protected area within Phnom Kulen National Park, to protect the remaining forest from the expansion of the illegal cashew nut farming.

UNDP - This relates to a project to demarcate and enlarge forest areas, to set up a water system and to propse alternative livelihoods to villagers through agriculture and a community based tourism centre.

Transfers

During the prior year, a transfer was made from general funds to the restricted Environment Reforestation project totalling $3,817 to cover the underspend.

During the prior year a transfer was made from the restricted Popel project to the UNDP project totalling $5,347 to represent the end of the first phase of the Popel project and the start of the UNDP project, projects with concurrent aims.

14. Analysis of net assets between funds

Analysis of net assets between funds - current year

Tangible fixed assets Current assets Creditors due within one year Total	Unrestricted funds 2021 £ 5,667 (27,919) (6,561) (28,813)	Restricted funds 2021 £ - 70,574 - 70,574	Total funds 2021 £ 5,667 42,655 (6,561) 41,761

Page 78

ARCHAEOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

14. Analysis of net assets between funds (continued)

Analysis of net assets between funds - prior year

Tangible fixed assets Current assets Creditors due within one year Total	Unrestricted funds 2020 £ 9,944 (26,435) (3,277) (19,768)	Restricted funds 2020 £ - 88,876 - 88,876	Total funds 2020 £ 9,944 62,441 (3,277) 69,108

15. Members' liability

Each member of the charitable company undertakes to contribute to the assets of the company in the event of it being wound up while he/she is a member, or within one year after he/she ceases to be a member, such amount as may be required, not exceeding £10 for the debts and liabilities contracted before he/she ceases to be a member.

16. Related party transactions

Included within incoming resources is an amount of $9,993 (2020 - $4,575) which was donated by the trustee / close family member of the trustee.

Page 79