Company registered number: N1031453 Charity registered number: NICIO5179 WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 AEBH670Z 2010912025 COMPANIES HOUSE A05
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Tony Clarke 53 Andersonstown Road Belfast BTII 9AG
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD CONTENTS PAGE Reference and administrative details of the charity, its trustees and advisers Trustees, Annual Report (Incorporating the Director's Report} Independent Examiner Report Statement of Financial Activities Balance Sheet Notes to the Financial Statements 9-16
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 Trustees, Annual Report (Incorporating the Director's Report) STRucfuRE. GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT The charity is controlled by its governing document, a Memorandum and Articles of Association. and constitutes a limited company, limited by guarantee, as defined by the Companies Act 2006. The company was incorporated on 21 October 1996 and registered with the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland on 3 May 2016. REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS Whiterock Childrens Centre Ltd (also known as Whiterock Creche Association} Registered Company number N1031453 Registered Charity number NIC105179 Registered office 91 Whiterock Road Belfast County Antrim BT12 7PG CHAIRPERSON Katheen Laverty TRUSTEES & DIRECTORS Kevin Morrison Kathleen Laverty INDEPENDENT EXAMINER Tony Clarke 53 Andersonstown Road Belfast BTII 9AG
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD {Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 Trustees. Annual Report (Incorporating the Dirertor's Report) Chairperson's Report It is a privilege to present this report as Chair of Whiterock Children's Centre. The past year has been a remarkable one, full of both challenges and achievements, and l am deeply proud of what our community has accomplished together. First and foremost, I want to extend heartfelt thanks to our brilliant staff team. Their dedication, compassion, and creativity are the lifeblood of this Centre. Every day, they bring warmth, professionalism, and energy to their work, creating a safe, nurturing environment where children can thrive. Their efforts go far beyond duty, and their impact on young lives cannot be overstated. To our wonderful families, thank you for placing your trust in us. We know that allowing others to play a role in your children's lives is a profound decision, and we are honoured by the confidence you place in Whiterock. Your engagement, feedback, and partnership help us grow stronger and ensure that our programmes meet the real needs of our communitv. I would also like to thank my fellow trustees for their wisdom, guidance, and unwavering commitment. Trusteeship is a voluntary role that require5 time, energy, and passion, and l am grateful for the collective strength we bring to our governance and strategic direction. This year we have continued to strengthen our services, ensuring that children and families have access to high-quality support, learning opportunities, and play. In a time when so many families are facing economic and social pressures, our Centre remains a beacon of hope, resilience, and community spirit. Looking ahead, our vision remains clear: to build on our strong foundations, to Sisten closely to the voices of families and children, and to provide a place where every child has the opportunity to flourish. On behalf of the Board of Trustees, thank you to everyone who contributes to the life of Whiterock Children's Centre. Together, we will continue to create a brighter, stronger future for the children and families we serve.
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD {Private company limited by guarantee without share capitall TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 Trustees, Annual Report (Incorporating the Dirertor's Report) (continued) Structure. Governance and Trustees Whiterock Childrens Cetre Ltd whlch is registered as a charity with the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland, was incorporated as a company limited by guarantee in Northern Ireland, registration number N1031453, with the objective of undertaking charitable activlties for the benefit of the Inhabitants of Northern Ireland. Going Concern After making appropraite enquiries, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to contlnue in operational existence for the foreseable future. For this reason they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. Further details reqarding the adoption of the going concern basis can be found in the Accounting Policies. Financial Review The results for the year ended 31 March 2025 are set out on pages 7 and 8 of the financial statements. The total income for the year ended 31 March 2025 amounted to £491,519 {2024:£482,643). The total expenditure was £510,17012024: £480,758) The Trustees consider that the unrestricted funds of the charity is sufficient and adequate to fulfil their obligations. The charity held £156,772 in reserves at the year end {2024: £175,303). Reserves Policy The income of the Company is considered adequate and the risks associated with any significant reduction in income is regarded as unlikely. The Trustees are satisfied with the current level of reserves at the present time. The Trustees are reviewing the Reserves Policy in the current year.
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 Trustees. Annual Report (Incorporating the Director's Report) (continued) Trustees, responsibilities statement The Trustees (who are also directors of Whiterock Childrens Centre Ltd for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the Trustees, report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standard (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practlcel Company law requires the trustees to prepare financial statement5 for each financial year. Under company law the Trustees must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and of the income resources and application of resources, including the income and expenditue of the charitable company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Trustees are required to: select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP; make jLJdgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charitable company will continue in operation. The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the charitable company's transaction and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charitable company and the enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2019. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charitable company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. This report was approved by the Trustees, on . and signed on behalf by: Kat een Laverty Director
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share ¢apitall TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES OF WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD I report on the financial statements of the company for the year ended 31 March 2025 which are set out on pages 7 and 8. This report is made solely to the company's Trustees, as a body in accordance with section 6513)(a) of the Charities Act Northern Ireland 2008 and regulations made under section 66 of the Act. My work has been undertaken so that I might state to the company's Trustees those matters l am required to state to them in an Independent examiner's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, I do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's Trustees as a body, for my work of this report. Respective responsibilitles of trustees and examiner As the company's Trustees (and also the directors of the company for the purpose of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the requirments of the Companies Act 2006. Havin8 satisfied myself that the company is not subject to audit under company law, and is eligable for Independant examination. It is my responsibility to.. examine the accounts under section 65 of the Charities Act follow the procedures laid down in the general Directions given by the Comrnission under section 6S{9)(bl of the Charities Act • state whether particular matters have come to my attention. Basls of Independent Examlner's report I have examined your charity accounts as required under settion 65 of the Charities Act and my examination was carried out in accordance with the general directions given by the Charitv Commission for Northern Ireland under section 65(91(bl of the Charities Act. My examination included a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and comparison of the accounts presented with those records. It was also included consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and seeking explanations from you as charity trustees concerning any such matters. Independent exarninerfs statement My role is to state whether any material matters have come to my attention giving me cause to believe: That accounting records were not kept in accordance with section 63 of the Charities Act That the accounts do not accord with those accounting records That the accounts do not comply with the accounting requirements of the Charities Act That there is further information needed for a proper understanding of the account5 to be reached.
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES OF WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (contlnued) I have completed my examination and have no concerns in respect of the matters (l) to {4} listed on page 5 and, in connection with following the directions of the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland, I have found no matters that require drawing to your attention. Tony Clarke FCPA 53 Andersonstown Road Belfast BTII 9AG Date:
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Prlvate company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES INCORPORATING THE INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT Year to Unrestricted Restrirted 31-Mar-25 Funds Funds TOTAL Year to 31-Mar-24 TOTAL Note Income from: Donations and Legacies Charita ble Activities 20,834 123,067 20,834 470,685 31,948 450,694 347,618 Total Income 143,901 347,618 491,519 482,643 Expenditure on: Charitable Activities 162,432 347,738 510,170 480,758 Total expenditure: 162,432 347,738 510,170 480,758 Net Income/(expendlture) {18,5311 1120) 118,650) 1,885 Transfers between funds Net movement in funds {18,5311 (120) 118,650) 1,885 Reconciliation of funds Total funds brought forward 175,303 12,064 187,367 185,483 Total funds carried forward 156,772 11,945 168,717 187,367 The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year. All incoming resources and resources expended derive from continuing activities. The notes on page 9 to 16 form an integral part of these accounts
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 BALANCE SHEET As at 31 March 2025 2025 2024 Note Fixed Assets Tangible Assets 13 65,469 65,469 73,492 73,492 Current Assets Debtors Cash at bank 4,607 142,481 147,088 8,577 128,513 137,090 Liabilities Creditors.. amounts fallin8 due wlthln one ye•r 143,840) 123,216) Net Current Assets 103,247 113,874 Total Assets Less Current (Liabilities) 168,716 187,366 Net assets 168.717 187,367 Funds Restricted Unrestricted 11,945 156,772 12,064 175,303 TOTAL FUNDS 11 168,717 187,367 The company's financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime. The Trustees consider that the company is entitled to exemption from the requirment under the provisions of section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 and members have not required the company to obtain an audit for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of the Companie5 Act 2006. The Trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirments of the Companies Act 2006 with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial statements. The financial statements were approved by the board directors on eir behalf were athleen Laverty Director The notes on page 9 to 16 form and integral part of these accounts
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD {Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS l Accounting policies (a) Basis of preparatlon of financial statements The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland IFRS 102) (effective l January 20191- (Charitie5 SORP (FR5 1021 the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006. Whiterock Childrens Centre Ltd meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initi311y recognised as historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy. (b) General information Whiterock Childrens Centre Ltd is a private company limited by guarantee. The company is incorporated in Northern Ireland and has the company number N1031453 The registered office address and principal place of business Is 91 whiterock Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 7PG. The principal activity of the company continues to be operateing within a Social economy Framework for part of our work. WCC are a local employer providing employment for 19 employees in a area of high deprivation . WCC is a non profit taking organisation and all profits are re invested in the charitable purposes of the group. The charity beneficiaries of the centre are the children and families who use the centre to return to employment training or education. Support black and minority ethnic familes through out West Belfast to enable them to settle into community. The financial statements are presented in Sterling (£). The level of rounding is £1. Ic) Company status The company is a company limited by guarantee. The members of the company are the Trustees names on page l. In the event of the company being wound up the liability in respect of the guarantee is limited to £1 per member of the company. Id) Golng concern After reviewing the charities forecasts and projections, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The company therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing it financial statements. (e) Income AIS income is recognlsed once the company has entitlement to the income. It is probable that the income will be received and the amount of income receivable can be measured reliably. Donated services or facilities are recognised when the company ha5 control over the item, any conditions associated with the donated item have been met, the receipt of economic benefit from the use of the company of the item is probable and the economic benefit can be measured reliably In accordance with the Charities SORP {FRS 1021.
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS (continued) (e) Income continued On receipt, donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised on the basis of the value of the gift to the company which is the amount the company would be willing to pav to obtain services or facilities of equivalent economic benefit on the open market,. a corresponding amount is then recognised in expenditure in the period of receipt. Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid or deeds of covenant is recognised at the time of donation. Income tax recoverable in relation to investments income is recognised at the time the investment income is receivable. (f) Expendlture Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to transfer economic benefit to a third party. It is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required In settlement and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. Expenditure is classified by activity. The cost of each activity are made up of the total direct costs and shared costs, including support costs involved in undertaking each activity. Direct costs attributable to a single activity are allocated directly to that activity. Shared costs which contribute to more than one activity and support costs which are not attributable to a single activity are apportioned between those activities on the basis consistent with the use of resources. Support costs are those costs incurred directly in support of expenditure on the objects of the companv. (g) Tangible fixed assets and depreciation A review for impairment of a fixed asset is carried out if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Shortfalls between the caring value of the fixed assets and their recoverable amounts are recognised as impairments, impairments10sses are recognised in the Statement of financial activities incorporating income and expenditure account. Tangible fixed assets are carried at cost, net of depreciation and any provision for impairment. Depreciation if provided at rated calculated to write off the cost of the fixed assets, less their estimated residu31 value, over their expected useful lives on the following bases: Equipment Land and Buildings 15Yo Reducing Balance 20 year lease term 10
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES. REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS (contlnued) (h) Interest receivable Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the company; this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the bank. (l) Debtors Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any.trade discounts due. U) Cash at Bank and in hand Cash at bank and in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or Sess from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit of similar account. (k) Liabilities and provislons Liabilities are recognised when there is an obligation at the balance sheet date as a result of a past event, it is probable that the transfer of economic benefit will be required in settlement, and the amount of the settlement can be estimated reliably. Liabilities are recognised at the amount at the company anticipates it will pay to settle the debt or the amount it has received a5 advanced payments for the goods or sep4ices it must provide. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the amounts required to settle the obligation. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, the provision is bascd on the present Vdlue of these amounts, discounted at the pre-tax discounted rate that reflects the risks specific to the Siability. The unwinding of the discount is recoginsed within the interest payable and similar charges. (l) Flnancial instruments The company only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualifies as basic financial instruments. Basic f inancial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their Settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. (m) Fund accountlng General funds are unrestricted funds which are available for the use at the discretion of the Trustees in the furtherance of the general objectives of the company and which have not been designated for other purposes. Restricted funds are fund5 which are to be used in accordance with the specific restrictions imposed by donors or which have been raised by the company for particular purposes. The costs of raising and administering such funds are charged against the specific fund. The aim and use of each restricted fund is set out in the notes to the financial statements. 11
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD IPrivate company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS (continued) 2 Income from Donations and Le acies 2025 2024 Unrestricted Funds Restricted Funds TOTAL TOTAL Donations Other Totsls 2025 18,172 2,663 20.834 18,172 2,663 20,834 12,956 18,992 31,948 Totals 2024 31,948 31,948 3 Income from Charitable Activities 2025 2024 Unrestricted Funds Restricted Funds TOTAL TOTAL Halifax Foundation DFC BCC Early Years BHSCT TEO DFE Surestart Children in Need HSBC Active Communities Network CFNI Childcare Fees Dormant Accounts Totals 2025 9,000 30,577 29,625 28,886 116,423 37,680 9,000 30,577 29,625 33,145 116,423 37,680 29,285 29,007 29,326 89,153 48,016 7,577 12,319 25,188 4,259 1,830 14,198 28,822 16,028 28,822 13,696 13,696 5,625 45,871 103,829 25,500 450.694 28,906 28,906 103,282 23,500 470,685 103,282 23,500 347,618 123.067 Totals 2024 103,829 346,865 450,694 12
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS (CONTINUED) 4 Staff Costs and Numbers 2025 2024 Gross Wages and Salaries 368,963 368,963 342,151 342,151 No employee received emoluments of more than £60,00012024: None) The average monthly number of employees during the year, calculated on the basis of full time equivalents, was as follows: 2025 Number 18 2024 Number 20 5 Ex endlture 2025 2024 Charitable Actlvlties Unrestricted Funds Restricted Funds TOTAL TOTAL Wages and salaries Teaching and Training Project costs Children5 catering Insurance Outsourced Finance Light and Heat M&R and IT Printing, Stationery & Postage Telephone Bank charges Cleaning and Waste Disposal Other Costs & Entertainment Consultancy Depreciation Loan Interest Registrations and Membership fees Uniform Total 2025 68,993 425 16,314 5,565 4,879 3,064 21,856 18,637 926 2,450 458 2,719 2,729 5,280 8,024 299,970 368,963 425 39,456 5,565 7,279 9,064 29,882 18,637 926 3,150 458 2.719 2,729 12.780 8,024 342,151 5,184 40,328 6,331 6,521 8,800 31,765 13,122 587 2,472 1,014 3,108 2,721 6,120 8,116 539 114 1,766 480,758 23,142 2,400 6,000 8,025 700 7,500 113 113 162,432 347,738 510,170 Totals 2024 137,353 343,405 480,758 13
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD {Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 NOTESTO THE ACCOUNTS (CONTINUED) 6 Trustees remuneration & expenses During the year, no Trustees received any remuneration12024 - £NIL}. During the year, no Trustees received any benefits in kind (2024 - £NILI. During the year, no Trustees received any reimbursement of expenses (2024- £NILI. 7 Debtors 2025 2024 Grant5 Receivable Trade debtors Prepayments Total 2025 4,607 8,577 4,607 8,577 8 Creditors: amounts fallin due within one ear 2025 2024 Accruals & Deferred Income HMRC PAYE & Pension Other Creditors Loans Total 2025 34,504 9,286 so 18,906 4,009 227 74 23,216 43,840 9 Inde endent examiner's remuneration The independent Examiner's remuneration amounts to an Independent Examination fee of £240 {2024 - £240) 10 Related art transartions There were no related party transactions during the year. 14
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 NOTES TO TH E ACCOUNTS (continued) 11 Statement of funds- current ear Balance at l April 2024 Balance at 31 March 2025 Income Expenditure Transfer in/out Restricted funds DFC BCC Early Years BHSCT TEO Halifax Foundation Surestart Children in Need CFNI Dormant Accounts Total restricted funds 30,577 29,625 28,886 116,423 37,680 9,000 14,198 28,822 28,906 23,500 347,618 {30,577) 129,625) 128,886) (116,423} {37,6801 (9,0001 {14,198} {28,822} {28,906) (23.6201 {347.738) 12,064 12,064 11.945 11,945 Unrestricted funds General Total Unrestricted funds 175,303 175,303 143,901 143,901 1162,432) (162,432) 156,772 156,772 Total of funds - current year 187,367 491,519 {510,170) 168,717 12 Statement of fund - rior ear Balance at l April 2023 190,041 Transfer in/out Balance at 31 March 2024 176,879 8,604 185,483 Income Expenditure Total unrestricted funds Total restricted funds Total of funds - prior year 141,332 302,246 443,578 {161,604} 7,110 (286,533} {7,110) {448,137 190,041 Overview of Restricted Funds Belfast Ci Council Capacity building towards part of directors, salary and running costs, Summer scheme toward entry fees and buses for trips and food BHSCT Running costs for Hub, childcare costs for children through sponsored daycare and Towards salary of family support worker. 15
WHITEROCK CHILDRENS CENTRE LTD (Private company limited by guarantee without share capital) TRUSTEES. REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 Overview of Restricted Funds continued CFNI Family support workers salary part time, part of Directors salary, Play therapist hrs, Counsellors, hrs and contribution towards running costs Children In Need 2 staff $31aries, 2 hrs of Childcare managers hrs and contribution towards running costs DFC Family learning Managers salary DOH Programme costs Dormant Accounts Co-ordinator salary, professional fees, new website Earl Years 2 salaries and part of Childcare managers salary TEO Ethnic Minority workers salary, part of directors salary, running costs USDT Sure Start ethnic minority workers hrs 13 Fixed Assets Land & Property Totals Equipment COST At l April 2024 Additions At 31 March 2025 DEPRECIATION At l April 2024 Charge for the year At 31 March 2025 NET BOOK VALUE At beginning of period At 31 March 2025 150,000 64,764 214.764 150,000 64,764 214,764 80,000 7,500 87,500 61,272 524 61,795 141,272 8,024 149,295 70,000 62,500 3,492 2,969 73,492 65,469 16