sr. Mark's Parisb Chureh Portadown
Annual Report and Flnanelal Statements
For the year ended 31" December 2023
Charities Number, NIC 104635

Contents
Pages
General Inform8tion
Trustees, report
&6
Independent Ex8mlners Report
Receipts aDd Payments Account
ststemeDt of A$8ets and Liabilltie$
Notes to the Accounts
10-12

Genernl InforniAtlon
Charity Name:
SL Mark's Parish Church Portadown
Charity Registration Number:
NIC104635
Contsct Address:
The Church Office
Fergus Hall
Church Street
Portadown
BT62 3LN
Trustees
Mrs A Devlin, Mr W Quinn, Mr P Stewar¢ Mr R Henry, Mrs V Coulter, Mr T Flannagan, Mrs A
Kennedy. Mr S Guy, Mr K McGuinness. Mr H Simpson, Mr G Wilson, Mr S Topl¢y. Mr P Walker.
Mr D Brown, Mrs S Douglas. Ms S Leeman
Principal Office-bearers
Clergy:
Church Treasurer:
Church Secretary:
Church Warden:
Church Warden:
Rev William Orr
Mrs Ann¢ K¢nn¢dy
Ms S L¢¢man
Mrs S Douglas
Mr D Brown
Independent Examiner
S D Brown
S D Brown and Company
Chartered Certified Accountant
25.27 Edward Street
Portadown
BT62 3NB
Bankers
Danske Bank
4548 High Street
Portadown
BT62 1 LB

Trustees Report
YeAr Ended 31 December 2023
The trustees present the Annual Re￿ and Statement of Financial Activities for St Mark'8 P&rish
Church, Portadown for the year ended 31 December 2023.
ObJeetive$ 8nd Aetlvltles
The ¢haritable purpose Of The chU￿h of Ireland is the advancement of religion. The principal
funrtion of St Mark's Parish ChurclL Portadown is to support the advancement of the Christian
religion by promoting through its work the whole mission of the church: pastoral, evangelistic, social,
and ecumenical. Being open to and engaging with society as a whole and offering support for those
needing help ￿ fundamental to the practical delivery of the benefits of Christianity.
As a result of this activity in the pursuit of th¥ advancement of the Christian religion, St Mark's Parish
Church. Portadown has custody of property and of records. matcrials, and artefacts of significance to
the cultural and religious heritage; the maintenance of which is und¢rtaken by St Mark's Parish
Church, Portadown.
Achievements, Pertorniance and Publlc Benefit
Grndually (luring 2023 many of the activities that were restricted during the pandemic have been
successfully re-established and it was most encouraging to see an effective community programme
during Holy Week and likewise during the Christmas period resulting in & steady incre&8e in
participation levcls at church events and publi¢ worship.
Finance
The Select Vestry, with the generous support of the parishioners continu¢ to seek to establish a
sustainable financial fvture for the parish. An increasing number of parishioners are making use of
electronic banking services to facilitate their freewill offerings.
Managing finance and maintaining Church propety are part of the major resp)nsibilities of the Select
Vesty. Connectivity in the church continues to be improved to provide more reliable online ministy.
ColDg Concern
The trustees have reviewed the budgets for the year ahead and are satisfied that there are adequat¢
funds in pla¢e to ensure that the Parish can Continue its activities and the financial statements for the
year ended 31 December 2023 can be signed off as a going concern.

StrnctuN Coverngnce and Management
Chapter I I l of the Constitution of the Church of Ireland governs Parfshcs and Parochial OrganisatioL The
SelpA Vesty members are the Charity T￿￿tee$.
All members of the Church of Ireland who are over the age of18 and are either resident within the ￿lsh or live
elsewhere bul have been wcustomed members of the congregation for at least three rnonths, m8y register as
members of the general vestry of the parish, allowing Ihem to attend and vote at meeting,s of the general vestry
and stand for election to the select vesty. Meetings of the general vestry are held at le&st once a year. The
Select Vesty is elected as p8rt of this G￿eral Vesty meetin8. The SeleA Vestry will hold their positions for
period of one year. Select V• members may be r￿leCted annually and there is no limit on the nvmbff of
terms which may be served.
Pay Remuneratlon
The Rector of St. Mark's Parish reoeiv¢ a ytripend which is pald by the Parish, in a¢cordaLce with figures
approved by the General Synod of the Church ol Ireland (OSCI). Details of office and locomotory allowances
are also approved by GSCI. The actual payments made by St Mark's Parish towards Stipends are calculated by
the Stripends Committee of Arniagh Dlo¢ese based on the size of the church mernbership.
Oryanlsatlonydl Structure
The Select Vestry is responsible for the day to day management of the pAri$h. The Select Vesty
nsists of the member of the clergy serving in the parish, any Curate assistance ('%he curate")
ohurchwardens. the glebe wardens gnd 8eneraIly not more than twdve other member8 of the genera]
vestry elected at the Annual O¢neral Vestry.
The Select Vestry is chaired by the rector or other member of the cler8y OtTiciatin8 tn the parish.
S¢lert Vestry members responsible for maklng dc¢lsion3 on matters of general ¢on¢ern and
importance to the parish including dcoiding how parfsh funds to be applied.
Another irnportant aspe¢t of the work of the vestsy is to ensure cornpllance wlth state and church
legi81ation and any rulcs and regulations imposed by Amiagh Dio¢esan Synod. They are also
rc8ponsible for the proper conduct of all church 8Ctivltles and that they comply with the new
Safe8uarding (3uidclines drawn up by the Church of Ireland in 2018. Adult S&feBuardin8 8uid¢line8
have also been Introduced in 2018. The vesty makes &n annu81 declaration to the diocese that
Safeguarding Guide lines are being followed and to ensure wmpliance trainin8 18 arr&n8ed year.
A Select Vestry Flandbook is availablc.
The Select Vesty rnet regularly during the year to eon$idex a range of important issues relevant to
many aspects of Church life, Th¢ duU¢s and responsibilitles of th¢ select v¢sty are detailed in the
Constitution of the Church of Ireland and include managin8 the parish finances and the employment of
th¢ lay people 8u¢h as the Parish Administrator, Organist, Sexton, Cleaner. Furtherniorc, the vesty
provldes th¢ infrastructure which supports worship and minlstry and look5 after the Interlor and
exterior of the churth, rectory. cur8te8' houses. Parochial Hall and Fergus Hall.

Compllanee wtth Publi¢ Benefit
The P4rish has givffl careful ￿nSideratIon to the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland's guidance on public
b￿erit to ensure that thc activiti￿ entered into durin8 the year have helped to ￿hl¢ve the Parish's objective
and a¢tiviti4 as well as providing public benefit.
Statement of Tru$tees' Responsibllltles
'lThe tNste¢3 ure responsible for preparing the Trust¢¢s' Rep)rt and the statement of Finan¢ial Activities and
ststement of Assets and liabilities in ac¢oTdance with applicable law and regulatlons.
The trustees are responsibl¢ for keeping acwunting records that are sufficient to ¥how and explain the P￿]Sh,$
transactions and di8c108e with reasonable accur8¢y at any time the assets and liabilities of the Parish. They are
alKJ re¥ponsible for safeguarding the assets orth¢ Parish and hence for taking re￿}noble steps for the
prcvention Rnd dete¢tion of fraud and L)thcr irregularities.
Signed on Behalf of the Trustees
Tru8tee I
Trust¢e 2
Date 171h April 2024

Independent ex2mlner'$ report to the eharity trustees of SL Markls Partsh Church, Portadown.
I report on the accounts of the Charity for the year ended 31" December 2023, which are set out on
pages 4 to 16.
Respective responsibllltles of charlty trustees and examiner
As the charity's truste&8 you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the
Charities Act (Northern Ireland) 2008.
It is rny respoTh8ibility to:
Examine the accounts under section 65 of the Charities Act
Follow the procedures laid down in the general directions given by the Commission under
section 65(9)(b) of the Ch8rities Act
State whether particular matters have come to my attention.
Basls of Independent exanjlner's report
I hav¢ examin￿ your ch￿lty a￿OUnts as T¢quir¢d under section 65 of the Charities Act and my
examin&tion was carried out in accordance with th¢ 8¢n¢ral dIr￿tiOnS giv¢ by the Charity
Commlssion for Northern Ireland under section 65(9Xb) of the Charitie8 Act.
My examination included a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and a comparison of
the a￿OuntS presented with those re¢oTd8. It also included consideration of any unusual items or
disclosures in the accounts, and seeking explanations from you as charity trustees concerning any
such matters.
My role is to state whether any material matters have come to my attention giving me eAuse to
believe:
l. That accounting records were not kept in accordance with section 63 of the Charities Act
2. That the accounts do not accord with those accounting records
3, That the ￿Oullts do not comply with the a¢￿untIng requirements of the Charities Act
4. That there is ftuther inforn]ation needed for o proper understanding of the accounts to be
reached.
Independent examiner s ststement
I have completed my examination and have no concerns in respect of the matters (l) to (4) listed
above and, in connection WAth following the Directions of the Charity Commission for Northern
IreRand, I have found no n￿tter$ that require drawing to your attentlon.
Name:
S.D. Brown
For S.D. Brown and Company
Relevant professlonal qualifieatlon or body: Chartered Certified Accountant
Addrus:
25-27 Edward Street PortAdown BT62 3NE
Date:
23° Aprll 2024

SL Mark's Parish Church Portadoivn
in
ar ended
r20
ote Unrestricted Restricted
Funds
ndowment
Fund
2023
02
Incom¢
Donations and Plate
Collertions
Proceeds from fimd raising
events
Bank and deposits inlerest
Rental Proceeds
Investmeni Income
Legacies
Collection for Third Parties
Other ReLeipls
Receipts from Parish
or8anisAtion8
Totai Income
173,769
10,167
183,936
184,135
1,598
1,598
8,014
452
7.549
33
485
7,549
737
5,850
3,316
13,530
5,810
7,367
5,290
5,000
1,301
8254
5.000
5,759
8,254
11,302
4,458
11,302
197,923
25.960
223,883
234,049
Expenditure
Wages and salaries
Diocesan Costs
/Assessment
Church RuTtning Costs
Rectory Runnin8 Costs
Investment Prop¥rty Costs
Admin Costs
Charitable OiftslDonations
Payments for parish
organisations
Total Ex
iture
Net IncomrfExpenditure)
Tr8nsfers between fijnds
Loss on S8le of Curatage
Transferred to St Marks
Holdings Lt
(Diminution)lincrea8e value
of investrnent
Surplusl(Deficiiy for year
Total Fund8 brought
forward
Total Funds CArri¢d
Fonwd
45,321.
79,836
45,321
79.836
31,503
77,786
47,335
3,164
1.018
19,625
1,951
4,546
2.567
337
51,881
5,731
1,375
19,625
9,313
12,888
51,539
5,068
1,377
16,314
13,017
5,344
7.362
12,888
198,250
{327)
9,720
27,720
{1,760)
(9,720)
225,970
(2,087)
201,948
32,101
(23,710)
14
(1,814,948)
(1,814,948) (l26268)
io
474
474
15,797
66,487
l 17,453
1750 548
235,330
3,461.058 3.696.388
1805 $55
54533
2.403,738 1.039,523
600.183 1,094,056
16,271
1.710,510 3,461,058

SL Mark's Church Portadown
ststement of Finan
Posi
Balance Sh et
r 2023
Note
2023
2022
Flxed Assets
Tangible Fixed Assets
Investments
Totsl Flxed Assets
397,953
1057 298
1455,251
2212,901
990811
3,203,712
10
Current A88ets
Debtors- Gift Aid
Prepayment-Ensurance
Loan to St Marks Holdings Ltd
Cash and Cash equivalents
Total Current Assets
Creditors- amounts falling due.within
one year
Net Current Assets
Total Assets less current liabilities
Creditors amounts falling due after l year
Totsl Net Assets
24,607
9,743
18,000
209 120
261470
(6,21 l J
26,629
9,167
7,000
217 742
260 538
(3,192)
12
11
255 259
1.710.510
257 346
3,461,058
1710 510
3 461058
The Funds of the Parfjsh
Unrestricted Funds
Restricted Funds
Endo￿nent Funds
Total Charity Funds
600,182
1,094,057
2,405,738
1,039,523
13
1710 510
3 461058
The notes on pages I I to 21 are an integral part of thase financial statements.
The financial statements on pages 4 10 l O were approved by the Board of Truste¢s on 17 April 2024
and signed on its behalf by:
Tnjstee I
Trustse 2

St. Mark1$ PArfsh Chll￿h Portgdown
Notes to the flnftncial statements for the
tar ended 31" December 2023
l. Aecountlryg polltl
The principal ac￿Unting policies adopted. judgements end key sourc&s of estimation un¢ort8inty in the
preparation olthe finanoial statements are as follows:
a). Basts of propAratloD
The financial statanents have been prepared on a going concern basi3 in accordance with Ac¢ounling and
R¢portin8 by Charities,. Statement of Rewmmended Practice applicable to choriti&s preparing their accounts in
accordano¥ with the Financlal Reportln8 Stsnd8Jd applicabl¢ in the UK and R￿UbliC of Ireland (FRS 102)-
(Charitie3 SORP (FRS 102).
The Parish rne￿ th¢ definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. A38ets and liabilities are initially
re¢ognized at historical Cost and transaction value unless otherwise st8ted in the relevant accounting policy
note(s).
b). Pr*paratlDn of Aeeountg on a golng Concern bfisls
The Parish 8enerally mee1$ its day to doy working capitsl requirernents from its annual income. 1.he Trustee8
have obtained and reviewed cash flow forecasts for the coming year ond ba¥cd on these are satisfied that the
Parish has resour¢e8 to provide a reasonable exwclation that it Can continue to meet ils financial obligations as
th¢y fall due for the foreseeable futurc. Therefore these finaJJ¢ial st&temenls hav¢ been prepared on a goin8
oncern basis.
cl lllcom¢
Collections and Weekly Envelupcs. are accountsd for on a cush receipts basis a8 the amount is collected.
Income arislng from the rent81 of Parish Centre facilitie5 to third parties is reco8nized when the pwish has
entitlement to the funds, any wfomian¢e conditions attached to the income have been mei it is probable that
the income will b¢ received and the amount ¢an be measured r¢li8bly.
Income from 8overnment and other 8rant% whether 'capital' grants or'revenue, 8rantS, 15 rtto8nized when the
charity ha3 entitlement to the funds* any pcrforniance conditions attachcd to the 8r&nts have been met, it is
probable that the inwme will be r¢¢eived and the amount can be measured reliably 8nd 1$ not deferred.
L¢g&cies are Included wlth Income under either unrestrlcted or restricted funds a¢cordin8 to the tern]s und¢r
which the donation is made and when the amount Can be quantified with reasonable Certainty. Donations and
gifts in kind are brought into the account5 at their fair value to the Parish.
d). Expelldltsr¢
Expenditure is reco8nized On￿ there is a legal or consiruetive obliguiion to mEthe a payment to 8 third party, it is
probable that sectlement will be required and the amount olthe obligation can be measured reliably.
Irrecovffable VAT is charged as a cost against the aeAivity for which the eXp￿dItUre v￿$ incurred.
e). Tangtble assets
The 8ssets of the Parish Lx)mprise'.-
chU￿h Building
Fixtures and fittings
Rectory
The Chureh Building> is dEcmed to be Heritage assets as defined by the Charities SORP (FRS102)
These Heritage assets are not included on the balance sheet as inforn)ation on the cost or valuation is not
available and such infonnatton cannot be obtained at a (x)3t conunensurat¢ with the benefit to the users of the
aeKounts and to the parisb.
io

St. Markgs Pr4rl8h Chureh, Portadoivn
Notès to the flnanclal Ststements for the year ended Deeember 2023 (¢ontlnu¢d)
l). Ae¢ountiMg pollcles (contlnued)
Parish Hall4 iiectory. Curatages and Scout Hall
The above assets are stated at a valuation. A professional valuation was Ca￿led out in 2017 as a result
of an Insuran￿ asset and risk survey.
No depreciation has be¢n provided on th¢5¢ buildin8s a5 the current estirnated residual value 18 not1&4
than its ¢arrying value and the rcmaining u5cful like Cu￿¢ntIY cxc<eds 50 years.
Q. Investments
Fixed assets investments comprising investment properti￿, investments in equities and investment In RCBICIT
Unit Trusts are initia]ly recorded at C05t and are then subsequently ststed at fair v￿ue at each balance shett date.
Jnvestrnents in unquoted investments are recorded at cost and are assessed annually for Impairment. Unrcalised
gains and losse8 represent the difference between the fair value at the beginning and end of the ffft8ncial year or.
ifpurchased in the year, the differenee between cost and fair value at thc of the year. Realised galns and
losses represent the difference between the proceeds on disposal and the f￿r value at the start of the year or cost
if purchased in thc year. Both rcali5ed and unrealised galns and losses in invastments are report¢d within 'Wet
Galnsl(Losses) on Investments" within the Ststement of Fin&n¢ial Activities.
g). Cash alld equlv*leats
Cash and cash Muivalents includes cash in hanl dep)sits held at call with banks, other short-tern hlghly liquid
investments with ori8inal mawrities of three months or less and bank overdrafis. Bank ovcrdrhfts are shown.
h). Flnftnel21 lllstruments
The Partsh only h&4 flnanclal assets and flnanoial li8bilitiC5 of a kind that qualify a5 ba51c financial instruments.
Basic financial instnJment8 are inltially reco8nized at transaction pri¢e and subsequently measured at their
settlement value.
l}. Funds
Funds gre classified as eithcr Tcstrictcd funds or unrestricted funds, defincd as follows.
Restrlcted funds are funds subject IQ s￿lfiC requirements as to thekr use which may be declared by the donor or
with thelr authorlty or created through legal processes, but still within the wider objeots of the Parish.
Endowment funds funds which have been given on the eonditlon that the 0ri8inal capital sum is not reduced,
but the ill￿me there from is u8ed for the pur￿8¢ defined in a￿OrdanCe with the objects of the parish.
li

SL Mark's Parisb Church, Portadown
Note to the Flnancial Ststements for the yeAr ended 311t December 2023 (continued)
Unrestricted funds are exFKndable at the discretion of the trustees in fLlltherance ofthe objects of the
charity. If parts of the unrestricted funds are earniarked at the discretion of the trustees for a particulaT
purpose, they are designated as a separate fund. This designation has an administrative purpose only
and docs not legally restrict the trustees. discretion to apply the fund.
2. Critical AceountAng Judgments and estlmatlon uneertalnty
Estimates and judgments made in the process of preparing the financial statements are continually
evaluaied and are based on historical expericnce and other factors. including expectations of future
events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Trustees do not consider that
th¢re are any critical judgments niad¢ in applying the Parish's accounting policies or that there are any
critical accounting estimates or &8sumptions which may have a significant risk of causing a matexial
adjustment to carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.
Donalions and Plate Collections
nrestrlct¢d ILtal
estrl¢te
ndowm
Fu
Fu]]d$
2023
23
Tot
20
22
Donations
GIvin￿C011e¢t1Ons
Gift Aid
132,197
10,167
162,364
157,307
26,828
184,135
173.769
10,167
183,936
Other Recelpts
Bible Notes
NIE Rentyl
Room Hire
Benevolent Fund re¢¢ipts
RCB Grant
695
1.889
360
5.164
146
8,254
695
1,889
360
5,164
146
8,254
350
1,891
500
3,116
7,367
12

St Mark?s P4rtsh Church Portadown
Notes to the FAnanclal StAtements for the
ear ended 31￿ De¢ember 2023
condnued
5). Church Runnin
Costs
Unrestrlet
Fund8
Rotrleted
Fund
Endowment
ot•[
Total
2022
Church Mainlenance
Fergus Hall Maintenance
Parochial Hall
Malntenance
Heat & Light
Insurance
TelephonelBroadband
4,447
1,830
1,876
1,653
I,l35
1,758
6,100
2,965
3,634
2,397
12,886
I,820
17,682
11,046
1,096
17.682
11.046
1,096
14,112
10,166
47
35
General
Healih & Safety
Bank Ftts
Accounlancy
Benevolent Fund cxps
11,16J
327
1,457
2,709
11,165
327
1.457
2.709
10,040
1,078
1,443
2,693
19,625
19,625
16.314
7)._ Charltable GIftIDonAtIo
Parochlal Account-
ADYC
New WiThe
ICM
Cro8slinks
SAMS
A Flanagan
H Simp80n
Ukr&in¢
Reach Mentoring
Benevolent Fund Grant
Hosplce
1,301
1,301
398
57
1.000
3,410
,752
3,410
1,752
4,327
3.000
1,200
1.200
400
1.200
41)0
1,525
250
250
2,010
500
62
13

St Mark'8 Parish Church Portadown
or
em
8). Taxation
St Mark'$ Parish Church Portadown 1$ recognized as a charity for the pwpos¢s of applicable t&xation
legislation and is the￿fore not subject to taxation on its cbaritablc activities.
9N Tan Ible Flxed Assets Schedule
Costs/lNS
ValllelRatabk
Value
Depn to
Date
Net Book
Value At
31.12.22
Add¢d
Trans St
Marks
Holdlngs
Depn
ror YeAr
Net Book
Value at
31.12.23
Parish Halls
includin8
Fixtures &
Fitting
Rectory
including
Fixturcs &
tittin8S
Curatage 115
Brovrn5town
R08d
Seout Hall.
Mahon Road
Total
Tangible
Assets
1.105,798
1,105,798
(1,105,798)
NEI.
397,953
397,953
397,953
157,270
157270
(157270)
NIL
551,880
551,880
(551,880)
NIL
2212,901
2,212,901
11,814,948)
397,953
10). Investments
Value at
31.12.23
Increase for
Valu¢ al 31.12.22
Investment A&8ets
RCB Investments 3824 Units of RJI tieneral TTh￿t
i)
16,271
474
15.797
Clarke Investment Portfoli08 manageA by Davy
Stockbrok
1.041,027
66.013
975,014
£1057298
£66 487
£990 811
I l). Credltors Arnounts Due withln l year
2023
2022
Accruals
6.211
6.211
14

SL Mark's Parish Church Portsdown
Notes to the Fimanclal Statement for the ear ended 31 December 2023
St
continued
121 Cash 2nd Cash Equlv&lents
31.122023 31.12.2022
43,806
45,932
415
1,919
3,121
3.138
29.163
104,163
80,000
292
3,490
5,133
22,097
Parochial Account
Missions & Charities Account
Benevolent Fund
Bequest A¢￿Unt
B¢quest Fixed Rate Deposit
Misses Thornton Account
Mothers Union Bequ¢5t Account
Organ Fund Account
Repair Fund
Parish Organisations
292
3,459
5,490
29,871
15

St. Mark's PArl$h Church PortAdown
Notes to tbe Financlal Sta¢¢ment for the ear ¢Dded 31 D¢eember 2023
13). F￿ndS of the Parlsh
Atl.
condnued
eo
Investmen
At
31.12.2023
Re50urce$
EuLurc Reve
ers
G3lnlLoss
Endowment
Funds
RCB
Investment
15,797
474
16,271
15,797
474
16271
Restrlcted
Funds
Clarkc Fund
Missions &
Charilies
ount
Mi8s¢S
Thornton
others Union
Bequest
Arxount
Or8an Fund
Repair Fund
Parish
Or8ani8ation8
975,014
1,919
66,013
1,041,027
415
.4,458
(7,362)
1,400
292
292
3,459
31
3,490
5,490
29,871
23,478
(360)
(7.110)
(12.888)
5,133
22,097
21.603
10,167
IIJ02
(10,831)
(289)
1,039,523
25,961
(27,720)
(9,720)
66,013
1,094,057
Unr¢strlcted
Funds
Fixed Assets
Debtors
Prepayment
Insurance
Sl Marks
Holdings
ParoGhial
A¢count
Benevolent
Fund
Bequest acwunt
Accruuls
2.212,901
26,629
9,167
(1.814.948)
397,953
24,607
9,743
(2,022))
576
7,000
I i,CKJO
18,000
45,932
189,780
(191,016)
(890)
43,806
3,138
5.164
(4,791)
{390)
3,121
104,163
3.192
2.405,738
200,520
3.461.058 226,481
5,000
109.163
(200.848) IL814,9481 9,720
(228.568) (1.814.948)
600.182
1,710,510
Total Funds
66,487
14) DuriDg year ended 31 December 2023 the Parochial Hall at Carleton Street, Portadown the Fergus
Hall at chU￿h Street, the Scout Hall at Mahon li0a￿ Portadown and 115 Brownstown Ro
Portadown were transferred to St Marks Holding Ltdla company limitsd by guarantee. St Marks
Holdings is under the wntrol and management of representatives from the GeneL21 Vestry.
16