2023-06-30-accounts

legal and administrative	legal and administrative	legal and administrative	detail
Company	number			2290024
Charity no (England		and Wales)		299717
Charity no (Offfce of		Scottish Regulator)		SC049792
Registered address				The Old Estate	Yard
				Newton St Loe
				Bath
				BA2 9BR
Trustees
				Peter Jeffries, Chair (appointed				Mar 23)
				John Geake, Chair		(resigned	Mar 23)
				Simon Doherty,	Vice Chair
				Andrew Gillam,	Treasurer
				Sarah Brunwin
				Fiona Crisp
				Stephanie Dennison
				Simon Gill
				Alison Griffith
				David Kuwana
				Patricia Napier	MBE
				Peter Hinton (resigned Jan 23)
				Isabella Wemyss,		Secretary	(resigned		Nov 22)
Principal staff				Paul Stuart, Chief		Executive
Bank
				Barclays Bank	Pic
				P.O. Box47
				37 Milsom Street
				Bath
				BA1 1DW
Auditors
				Haysmacintyre	LLP
				10Queen Street Place
				London

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						2023			2022
				Unrestricted	Restricted	Total	Unrestricted	Restricted	Total
			Note	f			f	f	f
Income from:
Donations and legacies			3	2,135,433	1,013,028	3,148,461	2,332,134	928,830	3,260,964
Charitable activities
Grants received				10,527	6,700,940	6,711,467	126,470	3,834,020	3,960,490
Other trading activities				14,568		14,568	16,625	270,000	286,625
Investments				8,685	3,593	12,278	465		465
Other				32,253		32,253	12,479		12,479
Total income				2,201,466	7,717,561	9,919,027	2,488,173	5032 850	7521023
Expenditure on:
Raising funds			7	1,072,615	420,920	1,493,535	999,668	424,038	1,423,706
Charitable activities
Sustainable	Livelihood projects		7	1,443,440	5,652,755	7,096,195	1,676,603	4,590,974	6,267,577
Education and advocacy			7	209,671		209671	213253		213,253
Total expenditure				2,725,726	6,073,675	8,799,401	2,889,524	5,015,012	7,904536
Net income/ (expenditure)		forthe year	9	(524,260)	1,643886	1,119626	(401,351)	17,838	(383,513)
Transfers between	funds
Net movement in funds				(524,260)	1,643,886	1,119,626	(401,351)	17,838	(383,513)
Reconciliation offunds:
Total funds brought	forward			914181	662920	1577~101	tp315p532	645 082	1960614
Total funds cerned	forward			389,921	2,306,806	2,696,727	914,181	662920	1,577,101

								The group		The charity
								2023	2022	2023	2022
							Note	f	E	f	E
Fixed assets:
Tangible assets							14	215,389	198,664	38,339	52,871
								215,389	198,664	38,339	52,871
Current assets:
Debtors							16	840,212	645,153	566,111	288,148
Cash at bank	and in hand						23	2,621,907	1,320,453	925~7	1,267,794
								3,462,119	1,965,606	1,491,918	1,555,942
Uabilitiesi
Creditors: amounts		falling due	within	one	year		17	(950,778)	(538,939)	(813,553)	(317,200)
Net current assets								2,511,341	1,426,667	678,365	1,238,742
Total assets	less current liabilities							2,726,730	1,625,331	716,704	1,291,613
Creditors: amounts		tailing due	atter	one year			18	(30,003)	(48,230)	(30,003)	(48,230)
Total net assets								2,696,727	1,577,101	686,701	1,243,383
Funds:							21
Restricted income funds								2,306,806	662,920	1,028,035	1,023,882
Unrestricted	income funds:
			Unrestricted		general	funds		389,921	664,181	(341,334)	219,501
				Designated		funds			250,000
Total funds								2,696,727	1,577,101	686,701	1,243,383

		Note	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash provided by/ (used in) operating activities		22		1,382,087		(1,081,288)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale offixed assets			17,832		14,163
Purchase offixed assets			(98,465)		(37,562)
Net cash (used in) /provided by investing activities				(80,633)		(23,399)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	in the year			1,301854		(1,104,687)
Cash and cash equivalents atthe beginning ofthe year				1,320,453		2,425,140
Cash and cash equivalents atthe end	ofthe year	23		2,621,907		1,320,453

Send a Cow changed its name to Ripple Effect International, effective 9September 2022. Ripple Effect International (formerly Send a Cow) isa company	Send a Cow changed its name to Ripple Effect International, effective 9September 2022. Ripple Effect International (formerly Send a Cow) isa company	Send a Cow changed its name to Ripple Effect International, effective 9September 2022. Ripple Effect International (formerly Send a Cow) isa company
limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales (Company number: 2290024) and achapity registered with the Charity Commission (registered
number: 299717land the Office ofthe Scottish Charity Regulator (SC49792).Ripple Effect International's registered address is	shown an page	1.
genic ofprepnnnkm
The finandal statements have been prepared In accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Remmmended Practice		applicable
to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Finandal Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of	Ireland (FRS102)(Second
Edition, effective 1fanuary 2019) —(Charities SORP FRS102),the Finanwal Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic ofIreland (FRS102)
(ariarch 2018)and the Companies Act 2006.
Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy or note.
These financial statements consolidate the results of Ripple Effect Uganda (formerly Send aCow Uganda), Ripple Effect Kenya	(formerly Send	a Cow
Kenya) and Ripple EffectTrading Limited on a tine by line basis, all are charitable companies and are wholly-owned subsidiaries.	Transactions	and
balances between charitable company and Its subsidiaries have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements. Balances between		Ripple
Effect International and the companies are disclosed in the notes ofthe charitable mmpany's balance sheet.
The acmunting policies ofRipple Effect Uganda and Ripple Effect Kenya may vary from those adopted by the group in relation	to the level of items
capita llsed and treated asfixed assets. The consolidated accounts use accounting policies which are consistent for Ripple Effect InternationaL
Consequently, the separate entity accounts for Ripple Effect Uganda and Ripple Effect Kenya show diffemnt values forcertain transactions.
The financial smtements are prepared in pounds sterling, rounded tothe nearest pound.
pubis beneffl enlitlr
The charitable company meets the definition ofa public benefit entity under FRS102.
going concern
The trustees mnsider that there are no material uncertainties about the chaditable company's ability tocontinue asa going concern. In making		this
assessment, the Trustees have considered a period ofat least one year from the date ofapproving the financial statements.
There are no key ludgements that the charitable company has made which have a significant effect on the accounts.
The trustees do not consider that there are any sources ofestimation uncertainty atthe reporting date that have a significant	disk ofcausing a material
Income
Income is recognised when the charity has entitlement tothe funds, any performance conditions attached tothe income have	been met, It is probable
that the income will be received and that the amount can be measured reliably.
Income from government and other grants, whether 'capital' grants or 'revenue' grants, is recognised when the chadity has entitlement tothe		funds, any
performance conditions attached tothe grants have been met, itisprobable that the income will be received and the amount	can be measured reliably
and is not deferred.
For legacies, entitlement istaken asthe earlier ofthe date an which either: the chadity isaware that probate has been granted,	the estate has	been
Income received in advance ofthe provision ofa specified service isdeferred until the criteria for Income recognition are met.
Interact rscebmbfe
Interest on funds held on deposit is induded when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the charity; this is normally upon notification
ofthe interest paid or payable bythe bank.
Fuml eccountiag
Restdicted funds are to be used for spedfic purposes as laid down bythe donor. Expenditure which meets these criteria is charged tothe fund.
Unrestricted funds are donations and other incoming resources received or generated for the chayitable purposes.
Designated funds are unrestricted funds earmarked by the trustees for particular purposes.

Expawlltura aad inesmnneble CAT
Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal ormnstructive obligation to make		a payment to a		third party,			it is	probable		that settlement				will		be
required and the amount ofthe obligation can be measured reliably. Expenditure		Is classified under the following						activity		headings:
Costs ofraising funds relate tothe costs incurred by the charitable company		In Inducing third			parties	to	make voluntary contributions						to		it, as well				as
the costofany activities with a fund ra ising purpose
Expenditure on chayitable activities indudes the mats ofsodal development	and agricultural				projects and advocacy,					campaigning	and			education
projects undertaken tofurther the purposes ofthe charity and their associated support costs
Irrecoverable VAT ischarged as amst against the activity for which the expenditure was incurred.
Agacstwn ofsupport seats
Expenditure is allocated tothe particular activity where the mst relates directly tothat activky.			However,			the cost ofoverall direction					and admmistration
of each activity, compdising the salary and overhead mats ofthe central function,		Is apportioned		on the basis			ofstaff time			and the amount			attributable						to
each activity.
Where information about the aims, objectives and projects ofthe charity is provided to programme					participants,			the mats associated			with		this			publiaty
are allocated tocharitable expenditure.
Where such Information about the aims, objectives and projects ofthe charity isalso provided to				potential		donors, activity costs are apportioned											between
fundrai sing and charitable activities on the basis ofestimated time spent on each	activity.
Governance mats are the costs associated with the governance arrangements ofthe charity. These costs						are	assodated		with constitutional					and		statutory
requirements and include any costs associated with the strategic management of	the charity's activities.
Support and governance costs are re-allocated toeach ofthe activities based on estimated time			spent.
Cpennieg knwae
Rental charges are charged on a straight line basis over the term ofthe lease.
Tangible fixed navale
Items ofequipment are cap its lised where the purchase price exceeds ES00(UK based assets only)					or ifthe item isan overseas vehicle.						Depreciation							mats
are allocated to activities on the basis ofthe use ofthe related assets in those activities. Assets are					reviewed for impairment ifcircumstances										indicate
their carrying value may exceed their net realise ble value and value in use.
Where fixed amets have been revalued, any excess between the revalued amount		and the historic			cost of	the asset will be shown as a					revaluation						reserve
in the balance sheet.
Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write down the mst ofeach asset to its estimated				residual		value over its expected useful life.The
depreciation rates in use are as follows:
Equipment and leasehold improvements and 2SyS
Overseas vehicles 20%
land and buildings 33years
cablors
Trade and other debtors are remgni sad at the settlement amount due after any trade discount offered. Fre							payments are			valued atthe amount						prepaid
net of any trade dismunts due.
Cash slbeak sad in heed
Cash at bank and cash in hand indudes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short				matufiity		ofthree months or less from the date of
acquisition or opening ofthe deposit or similar account. Cash balances exclude any funds held on behalf ofservice users.
Crsdfiem eed prmrisiaes
Creditors and provisions are remgni sad where the chadity has a present obligation		resulting from		a past event that will probably result							in	the			transfer of
funds to a third party and the amount due tosettle the obligation can be measured		or estimated		reliably.		Creditors and provisions are					normally
recognised attheir settlement amount after allowing for any trade discounts due.
Redundancy and Termination mats are acmunted for on an accruals basis.
Fiannainl Inabumeals
The charity only has finandal assets and finannal liabilities ofa kind that qualify as		basic financial		instruments.			Basicfinanda I instruments						are		initially
recognised attransaction value and subsequently measured attheir settlement value with the exception of bank								loans which are subsequently								measured
at amortlsed cost using the effective interest method.
Penskms
The Charity has arranged a defined contribution scheme for its staff. Pension casts charged in the					Statement		ofFinancial		Activities represent						the
contdibutions payable by the Charity in the period. The outstanding contdibutions		to be paid relates only to June						2022, and these were			paid			over
Immediately after year end.
Falwanl seetreses
Forward contracts are used as an Instrument to manage currency disk where necessary. Gains or			losses on			these mntracts				are recognised		in		line		with		FRS
102guidance.

								2023	2022
						Unrestricted	Restricted	Total	Total
						E	E	E	f.
Arab Gulf Programme for	Development						174,755	174,755	153,459
Bread for the World							48,999	48,999	58,568
Bother							120,294	120+94
Brooke Equine Welfare							137,998	137,998	149,974
Donkey Sanctuary							11,903	11,903	71,779
Guernsey Overseas Aid &	Development	CommiaDon					67,423	67+23
Isle of Man							569,753	569,753	800,482
International Centre of Insect Physiology &Ecology							34,273	34,273	61,059
International Labour Organisation							83,101	83,101
jersey Overseas Aid							845,741	845,741	897,495
Mastercard Foundation							2,565,799	2,S65,799
Medioor Foundation							30D,000	300,000	75,000
Send a Cow Inc via Ripple	Effect US						382,369	382369	378,235
The Samworth Foundation							85,000	85,000
UK Aid from the British people 'Wildlife		protection	and sustainable	livelihoods for
communities neighbouring	Murchison	Falls Protected Area, Northern			Uganda'		427,362	427,362	322,070
World Food Programme							449,365	449,365	307,805
Income from other grants	and trusts under E50,000orAnonymous					10,527	396,805	407~2	684,564
						10,527	6,700,9SO	6,711W7	3,960,490

				2023	2022
				Total	Total
					6
Gifts				2,830,927	2,584,425
Legacies				317,534	676,539
				3,148,461	3,260,964
				2023	2022
				Total	Total
				6	6
Activities for generating		funds		4,568	16,625
Other Sustainable	Agdculture		Trading Income	10,000	270,000
				24568	286,625

2023	2022
Total	Total
1	6
12,278	465
22P78

2023	2022
Total	Total
	6
32,253	12,479
32453	12479

					Cha ffitable	activities
		Cost	of raising	Sustainable	Livelihood	Advocacy and	Governance
		funds	f	projects	f	Education projects f	mats f	2023Total f	2022Totalf
Staff costs (Note 10)			912,209		2,937,925	129,611	250,706	4,230,451	3,623,402
Olrect Costs			430,701		3,336869	60,454		32)27,624	3,721,543
Grants (Note 8)					321,872			322,872	172,207
Office management			71,694		174,972	9,022		255,688	238,197
ITand equipment			20,167		60,353	3,769	10,926	95,215	94,056
Legal and audit fees			10,283		34,257	9	24,002	68.551	55,131
			1,445,054		6,865,848	202,865	285,634	8,799,401	7,904,536
Governance costs			48,481		230,347	6,806	(285,634)
Total expenditure	2023		2,493435		74)96,195	209.671		8,799,401	7,904,536
Total expenditure	2022		1,423,706		6,267,577	213,253		7,904,536

					Charitable	activities
		Cost	ofraising	Susminable	Uvelihood	Advocacy and	Governance
		funds	f	projects	f	Education projects E	costs E	2022Total f	2021Totalf
Staff costs (Note 10)			896,998		2,364,781	128,262	233,361	3,623,402	3,484,234
Direct Costs			407,409		3,243,429	70,705		3,721,543	2,660,977
Grants (Note gl					172,207			172,207	342,178
Office management			43,932		190,848	3,417		238,197	193,596
ITand equipment			17,830		63,278	3,353	9,595	94AISS	100,662
Legal and audit fees			tor433		25,666	460	18,572	55,131	36,503
			1,376,602		G,OSO,2OS	206,197	261,528	7,904,536	6,818,150
Governance mats			47,104		207,368	7,056	(261,528)
Total expenditure	2022		1,423,706		6~7+77			7,904,536
Total expenditure	2021		1,368,074		5,237,767	212/09		6,818,150

			2023	2022
			6	6
Cost
Dawuro Development	Association		44,516	39,614
Ibanda University			68,122
Send aCow Inc				50,724
Terepeza Development	Association		1,373
Total Land Care				2,563
Tusk Trust Ltd			121,346	79,306
Zambia Rainbow Development		Foundation	86,515
Attheendoftheyear			321,872	172,207

Thisisstatedafterchargi	ng/(cred	iting):
			2023	2022
			6	6
Depredation			81,740	90,924
(Gain)/ Losson disposal	offixed assets		17,832	(1,021)
Operating leases; property			182,274	139,115
Auditors' remuneration	(exduding	VAT)i
Audit			22,440	21,600
Other services
Trustees expenses			12)20	1,625
Foreign exchange (gains	)or losses		69,522	(24,887)

Staff costs were as follows:				2023	2022
				6	E
Salaries and wages				3,398,087	3,012,435
Redundancy and termination	costs			57,730	43,515
Social security costs				169,307	165,510
Pension contributions				408,895	276,728
Other forms ofemployee benefits (including		holiday	pay accrual)	196,432	125,214
				4,230,451	3,623,402

r ofemployees whose emoluments (excluding employers pe	nsion) amounted toover 160000in the year are as fol	lows
	2023	2022
	No.	No.
f60,000to669,999		1
670,000to E79,999		2
680,000to E89,999 f90,000toE99,999
6100,000to6109,999

						2023	2022
						No.	No.
Marketing	and development					31	33
Programmes		Management	(Inc Monitoring		&Evaluation)	11	8
Management		&Administration				11	10
Programme		delivery and support		(Africa based)		203	175
						256	226

		tquipment ano
	Freehold	office
The group	property	improvements	Overseas vehicles	Total2023
				E
Cost
At the start ofthe year	122,482	126,872	831,342	1,080,696
Additions in year		13,424	85,041	98r465
Disposals in year		(4,012)	(17,459)	(21,471)
Atthe end ofthe year	122,482	136,284	898,924	1,157,690
Depreciation
At the start ofthe year	63,100	116,210	702,722	882,032
Charge forthe year	3,712	9,077	68,951	81,740
Eliminated on disposal		(4,012)	(17,459)	(21,471)
At the end ofthe year	66,812	121,275	754,214	942,301
Net book value
Atthe end ofthe year	55,670	15,009	144,710	215,389
At the start ofthe year	59,382	10,662	128,620	198,664
Ag ofthe above assets are used for charitable	purposes.
		equipment ano
		office
The chenly		improvements	Overseas vehicles	Total 2023
				E
Cost
At the start ofthe year		126,868	486,428	613,296
Additions in year		13,424		13,424
Disposals in year		(4,012)		(4,012)
Atthe end ofthe year		136,280	486,428	622,708
Depredation
atthe start ofthe year		116,209	444,216	560,425
Charge for the year		9,077	18,879	27,956
Eliminated on disposal		(4,012)		(4,012)
Atthe end ofthe year		121,274	463,095	584,369
Net book value
Atthe end ofthe year		15,006	23,333	38,339
atthe start ofthe year		10,659	42,212	52,871

		Ripple Effect	Uganda	Ripple Effect	Kenya	Etaerge Poverty	Free
		2023 E	2022 E	2023 E	2022 E	2023 E	2022 f
Income
Income from generated Voluntary income	funds						38,069
Investment income		26,575	3,867
Income from charitable	activities
Grants receivable		3,082,177	459,691	170,452	203,245
Grants receivable from	Ripple Effect International	454,943	618,026	659,404	582,650
Total Income		3,563,695	1,081,584	829,856	785,895		38,069
Expenditure
Charitable activities Cost of Raising funds Sustainable Uvelihood	projects	1,831,778	1,058,938	830,$83	773,994		1,657 99,478
Total Expenditure		1,831,778	1058,938	830$83773,994			101,135
Net movement ln funds		1,731,917	22,646	(727)	11,901		(63,066)
Total assets		2,009,179	309,516	$2,133	87,853
Total liablliaes		(41,514)	(43,067)	(7,211)	(20,700)
Total funds held		1,967,665	266,449	44,922	67,153

	2023	2022
	E	E
Income	10dl00	270,000
Expenditure	(12,561)	(270,000)
Retained surplus forthe year	(2,561)

		The group		The charily
		2023	2022	2023	2022
		E	E	E	E
Trade debtors
Other debtors		4,215	8,922	69	78,436
Tax recoverable		110,929	42,674	110,929	42,674
Prepayments	and accrued income	725,068	593,557	455,113	167,038
		840,212	645,153	566,111	288,148

	The group		The charity
	2023	2022	2023	2022
	f	f	f	f.
Trade creditors	104,256	24,977	103,942	25,101
Accrue Isand other creditors	398,658	429,966	282,587	121,435
Deferred Income (17a)	356,158		356,158
Other tax and social security	91,706	83,996	70,866	170,664
	950,778	538,939	813,553	317,200

			The groey		The charity
			2023 f	2022 f	2023f	2022f
Balance	at the beginning ofthe year			800,482		800,482
Amount	released	to income in the year		(800,482)		(800,482)
Amount	deferred	in the year	356,158		356,158
			356,158		356,158
			The groap		The charity
			2023	2022	2023	2022
			f	f	f	f.
Severance provision			30,003	48,230	30,003	48,230
			30,003	48,230	30,003	48,230

		'
	~		~
				General	Restricted
				unrestricted	funds	Total funds
2023				2023	2023	2023
						f
Tangible	fixed		assets	215,389		215,389
Current	assets			1,155,313	2,306,806	3r462r119
Current	liabilities			(950,778)		(950,778)
Long term		liabilities		(30,003)		(30,003)
Net assets		at the end ofthe year		389.921	2306406	2,696,727
				General	Restncted
				unrestricted	funds	Totalfunds
2022				2022	2022	2022
				f	F.	f
Tangible	fixed		assets	198,664		198,664
Current	assets			1,302,686	662,920	1,965,606
Current	liabilities			(538,939)		(538,939)
Long term		liabilities		(48,230)		(48,230)
Net assets		at the end ofthe year		914,181	662,920	1,577,101

2023				At the start ofthe year	Income & gains	Expenditure & losses	Transfers	At the end year	ofthe
				E	f	E			6
Restricted funds:
Burundi projects				84,173	773,811	(840,229)			17,755
Ethiopia projects				209,864	1,205,760	(1,186,017)			229,607
Kenya projects				90,123	587,995	(643,542)			34,576
Rwanda projects				168,361	1,169,369	(1,023,061)			314,669
UK Projects				40,020	208,820	(240,920)			7,920
Uganda projects				70,379	724,510	(744,024)			50,865
Mastercard Foundation					2,544,701	(893,287)		1,651,414
UK Aid from the British		people	'Wildlife protection
and sustainable livelihoods for			communities
neighbouring Murchison		Falls Protected Area,
Northern Uganda'					427,595	(427,595)
Zambia projects					75,000	(75,000)
Total restricted funds				662,920	7,717,561	(6,073,675)		2,306,806
Unrestricted funds:
General funds				664,181	2,201,466	(2,725,726)	250,000		389,921
Designated reserves
Foreign exchange				50,000			(50,000)
Africa Programmes	Growth			200,000			(200,000)
Total unrestricted	&designated		funds	914,181	2,201,466	(2,725,726)		389,921
Total funds				1,577,101	9,919,027	(8,799,401)		2,696,727

2022			Atthe start ofthe year	Income & gains	Expenditure & losses	Transfers	At the end ofthe year
			E	E
Restricted funds:
Burundi projects				924,158	(839,985)		84,173
Emerge poverty Free projects
Ethiopia projects			203,368	989,080	(982,584)		209,864
Kenya projects			73,033	702,832	(685,742)		90,123
Rwanda projects			101,327	1,079,357	(1,012,323)		168,361
5ACUK Projects			198,780	315,258	(474,018)		40,020
Uganda projects			23,493	656,529	(609,643)		70,379
UK Aid from the British people 'Wildlife protection
and sustainable livelihoods for communities
neighbouring Murchison		Falls Protected Area,
Northern Uganda'				330,560	(330,560)
Zambia projects			45,081	35,076	(80,157)
Total restricted funds			645,082	5,032,850	(5,015,012)		662,920
Unrestricted funds:
General funds			1,065,532	2,488,173	(2,639,524)	(250,000)	664,181
Designated reserves
Foreign exchange			50,000		(50,000)	50,000	50,000
Africa Programmes	Growth		200,000		(200,000)	200,000	200r000
Total unrestricted	funds		1,315,532	2,488,173	(2,889,524)		914,181
Tota Ifunds			1,960,614	7,521,023	(7,904,536)		1,577,101

				2023	2022
					f
Net income / (expenditure) forthe reporting			period	1,119,626	(383,513)
(asper the statement off)nancial activities)
Depreciation charges				81,740	90,924
(Profit)/loss on the	disposal offixed assets			(17,832)	(1,021)
(Increase)/decrease	in debtors			(195,059)	(141,115)
Increase/(decrease)	in creditors			411,839	(634,887)
Increase/(decrease)	in Long term creditors			(18,227)	(11,676)
Net cash provided	by / (used in) operating	activities		1382087	(1081288)

	group
	At 1July 2022	Cash flows 30June 2023
	f	E	E
Overseas accounts	308,091	1,356,560	1,664,651
Current account and petty cash	1,012,362	(55,106)	957,256
Total cash and cash equivalents	1,320,453	1,301,454	2,621,907
Analysis ofcash and cash equivalents	gharry
	At 1July 2022 f	Cash flowsf	f
Overseas accounts	255,868	(179,966)	75,902
Current account and petty cash	1,011,926	(162,021)	849,905
Total cash and cash equivalents	1,267,794	(341,987)	925,807

ofth	e following periods:
		Land and buildings		land and buildings
		group		Charity
		2023	2022	2023	2022
		E	E	E	E
Less	than one year	83,968	182,303		157,591
One	tofive years	42p40$	427,255		397,189
		126,376	609,558	90,765	554,780

							2023			2022
					Unrestricted	Restrictedf	Total	Unrestdctedf	Restricted f	Total f
Income from:
Donations	and legacies				2,135,433	1,013,028	3,148,461	2,294,065	928,830	3,222,895
Charitable	activities
		Grants received			10,527	3,518,258	3,528,785	225,948	3,281,947	3,507,895
Other trading		activities			4,568		4,56$	16,625		16,625
Investments					8,685	3,593	12,278	465		465
Other					5,67$		5,678	8,612		8,612
Total income					2,164,891	4,534,879	6,699,770	2,545,715	4,210,777	6,756,492
Expenditure	on:
Raising funds					1,072,615	420,920	1/93,535	998,012	424,037	1,422,049
Charitable	activities
		Agriculture	projects		1,443,440	4,109,806	5,553,246	L676,603	3,842,116	5,518,719
		Education	and	advocacy	209,671		209,671	213,253		213,253
Totalexpenditure					2,725,726	4,530,726	7,256852	2,887,868	4,266,153	7,154,021
Net income /		(expenditure)		for the year	(560,835)	4,153	(556,682)	(342,153)	(55,376)	(397,529)
Reconciliation		offunds:
Total funds	brought forward				219,501	1,023,882	1,243,383	561,654	1,079,258	1,640,912
Total funds	carried forward				(341,334)	1,02$,035	6$6,701	219,501	1,023,882	1,243,383