2023-03-31-accounts

Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies

An institution for the advanced study of Islam and the Muslim world

Annual Report 2022/23

CONTENTS

Introduction	5
Chapter 1: Teaching	9
Chapter 2: Seminars	12
Chapter 3: Public Lectures	17
Chapter 4: Conferences	18
Chapter 5: Publications	25
Chapter 6: Research	28
Chapter 7: Visiting Fellowships	34
Chapter 8: Scholarships	40
Chapter 9: The Young Muslim Leadership Programme	44
Chapter 10: External Relations	46
Chapter 11: National Outreach	48
Chapter 12: The Mosque	50
Chapter 13: The Library	52
Chapter 14: The Gardens	56
Chapter 15: Governance	58
Chapter 16: Membership of the Centre	65

INTRODUCTION

On 19th September the nation mourned the passing of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, the only monarch most of us can remember on the throne and the one who granted the Centre a Royal Charter in 2012. On 6th May the nation celebrated the coronation of His Majesty King Charles III. Alongside representatives of other charities of which the former Prince of Wales was patron, members of the Centre had the honour to attend the coronation in Westminster Abbey and on the following day, the celebratory concert at Windsor Castle. The Centre featured in media coverage of the events with many commentators around the world recalling His Majesty’s celebrated 1993 lecture at the Centre on ‘Islam and the West’ as welcome evidence of his respect for all religions and commitment to inter-civilisational dialogue and understanding. Seldom does a lecture, even in Oxford, make such an enduring positive impact, nationally and internationally.

Over the course of the past academic year, the Centre hosted some distinguished lecturers, including Professor Şefket Pamuk (Boğaziçi University) on the economic history of the Middle East, Lord McDonald of Salford (former Permanent Secretary at the Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office), on Palestine, the Centre’s Sultan Azlan Shah Fellow, Lady Hale, on religion and freedom of speech, Lord Briggs (Justice of the Supreme Court), on Islamic finance in English law, Dr Comfort Ero (International Crisis Group), on conflict in the Sahel and Somalia, and Dr Marty Natalegawa (former Foreign Minister of Indonesia who joined us as a Visiting Fellow in Trinity Term), on tensions in the Indo-Pacific.

Alongside the regular weekly seminars on Wednesdays during term, which were notably well attended, the Centre’s academic programmes were also greatly enriched throughout the year by an additional series of seminars under the auspices of the Centre’s Public Health, Science and Technology project which brought leading scientists from many disciplines to speak at the Centre on topics as diverse as climate change, artificial intelligence, disruptive technologies in the food sector, global public health issues and digital archaeology. The Centre’s Visiting Fellows had regular opportunities to present on their research projects during the Monday seminar series and our scholars were able to try out their presentational skills to attentive audiences at termly graduate colloquia.

Our flourishing Visiting Fellowship programme welcomed some 30 academic visitors to the Centre from around the world, and a wide range of academic disciplines, including appointments in cooperation with the Chevening Fellowship Programme of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The Centre is able once again to offer a range of accommodation on Centre premises, after the inevitable disruption due to Covid. This is becoming a more and more popular choice for our visiting fellows, and others with links to our programmes, enhancing the functioning of the Centre as a residential community. We are actively planning for this increasing demand by

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bringing the building to life in a more comprehensive manner in line with the founding vision of our Trustees, and Oxford traditions.

Academic conferences and symposia were a further regular and important feature of the academic year, starting with the annual roundtable on Islamic finance in cooperation with the Securities Commission, Malaysia in Oxford in September on the theme of shaping a stakeholder economy for the Islamic Capital market. Islamic finance is an increasingly active feature of the Centre’s work with regular discussion groups involving scholars in Oxford and participants from elsewhere through the medium of zoom. A joint conference with the Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco on 27th October under the rubric of ‘UK–Morocco: Connecting Two Kingdoms’. This brought a very senior delegation from Morocco to the Centre led by the Minister of Endowments and Islamic Affairs, HE Dr Ahmed Toufiq, who delivered the keynote address. Other speakers included the Ambassador of Morocco, HE Hakim Hajoui, HE Assia Bensalah Alaoui, Dr Driss Ouaouicha, Professor Abdellatif Bencherifa, the Rt Revd Dr Stephen Croft, Bishop of Oxford, Mr Derek Conway and Mr Anthony Layden. Participants also had the opportunity to view an exhibition of paintings, in striking modern Arabic calligraphy, of the names of God.

The Centre also welcomed a delegation of religious leaders from Jerusalem on 14th March led by the Jordanian Ambassador, HE Manar Dabbas, reflecting the Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem’s holy places. Delegates included the Anglican Archbishop of Jerusalem, the Most Reverend Hussam Naom, Dr Mustafa Abu Sway and Sheikh Mohammed Sarandah from Al Aqsa Mosque and representatives of the Jordanian Council of Churches and the Royal Court. The Centre organised a roundtable in, appropriately, its Jerusalem room, to enable them to brief senior academics and others with cultural, historical, religious and political interests in Jerusalem on the challenges faced by the Christian and Muslim communities of the city. Senior participants included Emeritus Professors Avi Shlaim, Revd Dr Liz Carmichael MBE, Professor Diarmaid MacCulloch, Professor Robert Hillenbrand and Professor Carole Hillenbrand, the Bishop of Oxford and Dr Phyllis Starkey (founder of the all-party parliamentary group on Palestine). Proceedings concluded with a lively dinner in Hall with many new contacts made.

The year has been a busy one for the Centre’s Public Health, Science and Technology project. A formal launch was organised on 7th March at the Royal Society attended by about 75 diplomats, academics and industry experts. The keynote speaker was Rt Hon Andrew Mitchell MP, Minister for Development at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The project was introduced by its senior adviser, Professor Sir David Clary, former President of Magdalen College and a former FCDO Scientific Adviser, and Principal Investigator Professor Shahid Jameel. Professor Charlotte Watts, Chief Scientific Adviser and Director, Research and Evidence Directorate, FCDO gave a presentation on global health trends which was followed by a panel discussion moderated by Mr Ehsan Masood ( Nature magazine) and including Centre Fellow Professor Adil Najam, Dean Emeritus Pardee School of Global Studies, Boston University, Professor Ghazala Mir, University of Leeds, and Dr Rim Turkmani, London School of Economics. We plan to add a strand relating to climate change to this project, a subject on which the Patron gave a lecture at Oxford in 2010.

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On 12–14 May the project delivered its first major international conference in Oxford in cooperation with Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, whose Chancellor, Her Majesty Raja Zarith Sofiah, Queen of Johor, delivered the keynote address. The theme was ‘Imagining the future: climate change, health and food security in Muslim societies’. Speakers at the plenary session included Tan Sri Azman Mokhtar, Chair UTM Board of Directors, Sir David King, former Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government, Professor Peter Frankopan, University of Oxford, Tan Sri Abdul Wahid Omar, Chair Malaysian Stock Exchange, Emeritus Professor Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abdul Razak, Rector International Islamic University, Malaysia, and Professor Emily Shuckburgh, Director Cambridge Zero and Professor of Environmental Data Science, University of Cambridge. Subsequent sessions addressed ‘Climate change, technology and ethics’, ‘Towards a healthy future’ and ‘The future of food – what will we eat in 2050?’ Delegates were accommodated at the Centre with many senior scientists coming to the Centre from around the world.

The Centre welcomed a number of senior personalities and delegations over the year including the Minister of Endowments of Qatar, HE Mr Ghanem bin Ghanim and the Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq, HE Dr Naeem Al-Aboudi accompanied by Deputy Minister Professor Haydar Abed Dahaad and the Presidents of Baghdad and Anbar Universities and the Dean of the College of Medicine at Al Nahrain University. The President of Hamad bin Khalifa University, Dr Ahmed Al Hasnah visited the Centre and signed a Memorandum of Understanding on future cooperation in the presence of the Vice Chair of the Qatar Foundation and Centre Trustee Sheikha Hind bint Khalifa. We also benefited from visits by ambassadors based in London including the Dean of the Arab Diplomatic Corps, HE Shaikh Fawaz Al-Khalifa, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Bahrain, HE Mr Bader Mohammad Alawadi, Ambassador of Kuwait HE Mohammed Jaafar Al-Sadr, Ambassador of Iraq, HE Hakim Hajoui, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Morocco and HE Manar Dabbas, Ambassador of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The Centre is always most grateful to senior members of the London diplomatic corps for the interest they take in its work and their assistance in promoting projects with institutions in the countries they represent and indeed also the support and assistance of British Ambassadors in countries with which the Centre has important academic links. The Centre also organised a productive session of its International Academic Advisory Committee, with senior academic delegates attending in person at the Centre or online.

Outreach locally continued to be an important priority for the Centre including regular visits by children from local primary schools organised to assist teachers responsible for the religious education curriculum. In response to demand, such a programme will also be extended to secondary school teachers. The Centre participated also in outreach activities with the University of Oxford and some of its Colleges to invite potential applicants and their families to visit Oxford and encourage them to apply to study here. As we have regularly done, we opened the POW Gardens to local residents, notably to mark the weekend of the coronation. As I write these words, we have just concluded the 16th iteration of the Centre’s Young Muslim Leadership Programme organised in cooperation with The Prince’s Charities. The Centre received a larger than usual number of applications from highly qualified candidates and we welcomed group of participants of exceptionally diverse geographical, professional and family background. The Centre’s courses

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in Qur’anic Arabic, Qur’anic recitation, and Modern Standard Arabic have proceeded well. Short courses have covered Islamic Culture and Civilisation and Islamic Architecture.

The Centre’s Atlas Project received a grant from the Kuwait Foundation for Advancement of Sciences to support the preparation and completion of the first volume. We are delighted that Dr Adil Najam, President of WWF International and Dean Emeritus, Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University, will be returning to the Centre as the Mahathir Mohamed Visiting Fellow. He will be continuing his work on ‘Islam and the Environment’ as part of the Centre’s project on Public Health, Science and Technology. We are pleased that our Fellow in Islamic Finance, Dr Muhammad Meki, was appointed as an Associate Professor at the Oxford Department of International Development. We also appointed in May of this year Ms Wassilena Sekulova as the new Librarian. Ms Sekulova has spent the last five years as Head of Manuscripts and Archives at Qatar National Library. She has also worked for the Bodleian Libraries where she was responsible for acquisitions and cataloguing material in Oriental and Slavonic languages.

We bid farewell to our Registrar, Mr Richard Makepeace CMG, who retired in June. Fellows and staff gathered to thank him for his support and mentoring over the years. We are pleased that Richard will remain connected with the Centre as a Senior Associate Member. Our new Registrar will be Mr Jonathan Wilks CMG, who will be joining the Centre in December this year. Mr Wilks is currently the British Ambassador to Qatar and has previously served as Ambassador to Iraq and Oman.

This year we warmly welcomed HE Sheikha Hind bint Hamad Al-Thani, Vice Chairperson and CEO, Qatar Foundation, to the Board of Trustees. My warmest thanks to HE Mr Jusuf Kalla, who completed his term but agreed to remain associated with the Centre as Emeritus Trustee. We have sadly lost one of our longstanding friends, and founding Trustee of the Centre, Maulana Rabay Nadwi, who passed away in April. We are deeply saddened at the loss of a great man, and prolific scholar, who always gave us such active and positive encouragement in our work.

I should record once again our deep appreciation for the commitment of those of our friends and supporters, around the world as well as in Oxford who play a part in the work of the Centre either as Trustees or as members of our various advisory committees (listed elsewhere in this report). We continue to rely on and greatly appreciate their counsel and good judgement.

Farhan Nizami Director

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Chapter One

TEACHING

• TIslam and contemporary Muslim societies through the following Fellowships: he Centre continues to promote multi-disciplinary study of the culture and civilization of

The following held fellowships at the Centre during the year:

• Dr Afifi Al-Akiti, Kuwait Fellow in Islamic Studies; Islamic Centre Lecturer in the Faculty of Theology and Religion; Member, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies; Fellow, Worcester College, Oxford.

• Maulana Ibrahim Amin, Imam, Abul Hassan Ali Nadwi Fellow, Muslim chaplain, Oxford University Chaplaincy Forum.

• Dr Talal Al-Azem, Mohamed Noah Fellow, Islamic Centre Lecturer in the Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford (on leave).

• Professor Sir David Clary, King Salman bin Abdul Aziz Fellow; Honorary Fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford.

• Dr Cailah Jackson, Salem and Bakr bin Ladin Junior Research Fellow (until 13 October 2022).

• Professor Shahid Jameel, Sultan Qaboos bin Said Fellow; Fellow, Green Templeton College, Oxford.

• Mr Richard Makepeace CMG, Azman Hashim Fellow in International Relations; Fellow, St Cross College, Oxford (until 23 June 2023).

• Professor Adeel Malik, Globe Fellow in the Economies of Muslim Societies, Associate Professor and Islamic Centre Lecturer in Economies of Muslim Societies, Department of International Development, University of Oxford.

• Professor Muhammad Meki, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Fellow in Islamic Finance, Associate Professor and Islamic Centre Lecturer in Islamic Finance, Department of International Development, University of Oxford.

• Dr Asma Mustafa, Salahuddin Abdul Jawad Research Fellow, Linacre College, Oxford.

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• Dr Farhan Nizami CBE, The Prince of Wales Fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford.

• Dr Moin Nizami, Tun Abdul Razak Fellow; Associate Member, Faculty of History, University of Oxford.

• Baroness Hale of Richmond, Sultan Azlan Shah Fellow.

• Dr Steven Mustafa Styer, Albukhary Foundation Fellow; Faculty of Religion and Theology, University of Oxford. (until Trinity Term 2023)

ARABIC LECTOR

Mrs Sara Youssef, BA (Al-Azhar), MA (AUC) Kuwait Lector in Arabic

DEPARTMENTAL LECTURER

Mr Muhammad Sami, MSc (Oxon), MA (AUC)

Departmental Lecturer, Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford (from October 2023)

Fellows have been associated with the following Faculties and Departments of the University of Oxford:

Faculty of History Faculty of Theology and Religion Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology Oxford Department of International Development (QEH)

Fellows have membership of the following Colleges:

Green Templeton Professor Shahid Jameel Linacre Dr Asma Mustafa Magdalen Sir David Clary Magdalen Dr Farhan Nizami Mansfield Baroness Hale of Richmond Pembroke College Professor Muhammad Meki St Cross Mr Richard Makepeace St Peter’s Professor Adeel Malik Wolfson Dr Cailah Jackson Worcester Dr Afifi Al-Akiti

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COURSES AT THE CENTRE

Beyond the regular teaching by Fellows in the different faculties of the University of Oxford the following courses open to the public were organised at the Centre.

Qur’anic Arabic

Regular classes for the study of Qur’anic recitation (tajwid) were provided by Shaykh Muhammad Sahil.

Modern Standard Arabic

Regular classes at beginner and intermediate levels were taught by Mrs Sara Youssef, Kuwait Lector in Arabic.

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Chapter Two

SEMINARS

The following Centre Seminars and Fellows’ Seminars were organised during the academic year 2022–23.

Michaelmas Term 2022

Centre Seminars

Professor Vali Nasr (Johns Hopkins University) ‘Continuity and change in US Strategy toward the Middle East and the Islamic world’

Dr Anne Wolf (All Souls, Oxford) ‘Ben Ali’s Tunisia: power and contention in an authoritarian regime’

The Rt Hon. The Baroness Hale of Richmond (Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies) ‘Feminism in the Abrahamic faiths’

Dr Adnan Naseemullah (King’s College London) ‘Righteous demagogues: the moral economy of populism’

Professor Şevket Pamuk (Boğaziçi University)

‘Turkey’s economic development and political economy since 1980’

Dr Fitzroy Morrisey (All Souls, Oxford) ‘Actualizing ideal Islam: principles of Islamic revival at the dawn of modernity’

Lord McDonald of Salford (Master, Christ’s College Cambridge) ‘Why the Palestinians still don’t have a state, and why their need is more urgent than ever’

Dr Elife Biçer-Deveci (Universität Bern)

‘The reconstruction of Islamic prohibition, national regulations and international norms’

Dr Humeira Iqtidar (King’s College London) ‘Islamic socialism: radical individuality and equality?’

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Fellows’ Seminars

Dr Bashir Saade (University of Stirling)

‘The heart of knowledge in early Arabo-Islamic oral and writerly traditions’

Dr Fatma Sel Turhan (Istanbul Technical University) ‘Bosnia under Ottoman rule: religion, culture and society’

Mr Yaseen Andrewsen (University of Oxford) ‘Principles and Practice of Knowledge: al-Mukhtār al-Kuntī’s (d. 1226/1811) contribution to the Islamic intellectual tradition in West Africa’

Dr Asaad Alsaleh (Indiana University, Bloomington) ‘Will the ideology of ISIS Disappear?’

Ms Reem Alfurjani (Libya) ‘The social role of Sufi Malouf Parade in the medina of Tripoli, Libya’

Ms Shalini Amerasinghe Ganendra (Malaysia) ‘Measures of motif, textiles from Islamic regions’

Dr Husain Radjapov (Tashkent State University of Law) ‘Issues and challenges for Islamic finance and economics in Uzbekistan’

Dr Adnan Razzaq (National Defence University, Islamabad) ‘Retreat from the promised land: an insight into Muslim repatriation to India after the 1947 Partition’

Dr Tanzil Rahman (St Edmund Hall, Oxford) ‘iMigration: embracing economic immigration as a pathway to post-pandemic prosperity’

Dr Amin Alshangiti (Islamic University of Madinah) ‘Quranic variant recitations ( qirā’āt ) and the modern Arabic dialects’

Project on Public Health, Science & Technology in Muslim Societies

Ms Subhransu Priyadarshini, Chief Editor ( Nature India) ‘How artificial intelligence is changing our newsrooms’

Dr Mehrunisha Suleman, Director of Medical Ethics and Law Education (The Ethox Centre and Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities) ‘Muslim values and end of life care decision making’

Dr Monika Zurek Senior Researcher, Food Systems Research (University of Oxford, Environmental Change Institute)

‘Food system transformation, food futures and climate change’

Mr Ehsan Masood (Senior Editor, Nature ) ‘Islamic values and disruptive technologies)

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Hilary Term 2023

Centre Seminars

Dr Ghayth Armanazi (Former Ambassador of the Arab League to the UK) ‘Syria: the glory and the agony’

Dr Jose Ciro Martinez (University of York) ‘States of Subsistence: The politics of bread in contemporary Jordan’

Dr Guillemette Crouzet (Warwick University) ‘Inventing the Middle East: Britain and the Persian Gulf in the age of global imperialism’

Dr Salma Mousa (Yale University) ‘Social cohesion and integration of minorities in post-conflict Muslim societies’

Dr Alexander Morrison (University of Oxford) ‘Russian Colonialism and the Ismailis: The Exploration and Annexation of the Pamirs, 1879 – 1905’

Baroness Hale of Richmond (Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies) ‘Religious rights and freedom of speech’

Professor Adil Najam (Boston University) ‘Climate Policy in Muslim Societies’

Professor Clark B. Lombardi (National University of Singapore) ‘Varieties of Islamic constitutionalism’

Fellows’ Seminars

Dr Kinan Salim (INCEIF) ‘The impact of sustainable bank practices on banks stability’

Dr Marta Wieczorek (Zayed University) ‘Women and camels in the UAE: phenomenological reflections’

Mr Abaas Chaudhry (University of Oxford) ‘The conception of the ‘political’ in al-Ghazālī’

Dr Guzden Varinlioglu (Izmir University of Economics) ‘Digitization of urban networks of Anatolia during the Anatolian Seljuk period’

Datin Shalini Amerasinghe Ganendra (Malaysia) ‘Materiality of motif’

Dr Husain Radjapov (Tashkent State University of Law) ‘Legal challenges of implementing Islamic banking in Uzbekistan’

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Dr Diana Galeeva (Gulf International Forum)

‘The utilization of Islam in Putin’s foreign policy: pathways of engagement between Muslim Russia and the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council’

Project on Public Health, Science & Technology in Muslim Societies

Prof Sir Charles Godfray FRS, Director, Oxford Martin School

‘The challenge of providing healthy, sustainable and equitable diets for all'

Dr John Parrington, Fellow, Worcester College

‘Mind shift: how culture transformed the human brain’

Dr Stephen Rainey (Delft University of Technology)

‘An ethics framework for brain–computer Interface devices’

Trinity Term 2023

Centre Seminars

Dr Paul S. Anderson (University of Cambridge)

‘The social world of traders: commerce and social differentiation in pre-conflict Aleppo’

Dr Rory P. McCarthy (Durham University)

‘Tunisia’s democratic transition: autonomous activism and accountability’

Professor Peter Mandaville (George Mason University)

‘Islam and the East: the new geopolitics of religion and identity’

Professor Jonathan Phillips (Royal Holloway, University of London) ‘Writing the history of Saladin’

Professor Corinne Lefevre (Centre for South Asian Studies CEIAS, CNRS-EHESS) ‘Islam and empire in India: the padshah’s sacred authority and religious pluralism in Mughal times’

Professor Sheilagh Ogilvie (All Souls College, Oxford) ‘Institutions, guilds, and economic prosperity’

Fellows’ Seminars

Professor Shahid Jameel (Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies) ‘Why Muslims should consider alternative proteins for consumption?’

Mr Ibrahim Safri (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) ‘Physics in North African Islamic philosophy in the 17th and 18th centuries’

Dr Suja Sawafta (University of Miami)

‘Abdulrahman Munif: between sea and desert, between Arabic and world literature’

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Dr Aziza Shanazarova (Columbia University) ‘The construction of gendered discourse in early modern Central Asia: the case of the Great Lady’

Dr Mohammed Allehbi (Vanderbilt University) ‘The making of Islamic criminal justice (700-1200)’

Professor Mohammad Waseem (LUMS) ‘Political orientations of expatriate Pakistanis in the UK: patterns of engagement with politics back home’

Dr Güzden Varinlioğlu (Izmir University of Economics) ‘Towards a spatiotemporal experience of Islamic architecture: digital caravanserais project’

Dr Vera-Simone Schulz (Florence) ‘Port cities, architectural heritage, and aesthetic choices: transcultural art histories with an East African focus’

Dr Amal Al-Hashmi (Oman) ‘Brain–Computer interface between aspiration and reality’

Project on Public Health, Science & Technology in Muslim Societies

Dr Dominik Lengeyel (Brandenburg University of Technology) ‘The visualisation of archaeological hypotheses with digital technologies: An architectural view on Islamic and other heritage’

Dr Jane Hirst (Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Oxford) ‘Pregnancy as an opportunity to improve women’s lifelong health’

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Chapter Three

PUBLIC LECTURES

The Centre’s figures to Oxford to speak on major issues of current concern. During the year under review Distinguished Visiting Lecturer Programme continues to bring leading public the following lectures were given:

HE Dr Ahmad Toufiq Minister of Endowments and Islamic Affairs, Kingdom of Morocco ‘UK-Morocco: connecting two kingdoms’

Lord McDonald of Salford

Former Permanent Under Secretary, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office ‘Why the Palestinians still don’t have a state and why their need is more urgent than ever’

Rt Hon Andrew Mitchell MP Minister of State for Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office ‘Partnering for progress: opportunities in a changing world’

Lord Briggs of Westbourne Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ‘Islamic finance in English law: a level playing field?’ Sultan Azlan Shah Lecture

Dr Mariam Rosser-Owen Curator for the Arab World Collections, Victoria & Albert Museum ‘Crafting medieval Spain: the Torrijos ceiling in the Victoria and Albert museum’ Library Lecture

Dr Comfort Ero President & CEO, International Crisis Group ‘Negotiating a violent terrain: political engagement in Sahel and Somalia’ Keith Griffin Lecture

Dr Marty Natalegawa Former Foreign Minister of Indonesia ‘ASEAN: Navigating geopolitical turbulence in the Indo-Pacific’

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Chapter Four

CONFERENCES

D

uring the year under review, the Centre organised a number of conferences and symposia.

1. Joint conference with the Securities Commission Malaysia ‘TRANSFORMING ISLAMIC FINANCE THROUGH IMPACT FINANCE AND SOCIAL AGENDA – BASED ON MAQASID’

The 13th annual SC–OCIS Roundtable on Islamic Finance was held in September at the Centre. The topic was ‘Shaping a stakeholder economy for the Islamic capital market’. Dato’ Seri Dr Awang Adek Hussin, Executive Chairman Securities Commission Malaysia, and the Centre’s Director, Dr Farhan Nizami, spoke at the inaugural session. HRH Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, Sultan of the State of Perak and the Royal Patron for Malaysia’s Islamic Finance Initiative delivered a special address.

Several topics were discussed during the roundtable including the role of ‘maqasid al-Shariah’ in evaluating the impact of Islamic finance on various stakeholders (and the challenges in measuring the ‘Maqasid’). Professor Colin Mayer, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, discussed the purpose of business; how corporations can create both wealth and social wellbeing, and how we can move from the notion of ‘shareholder primacy’ to ‘purpose primacy’. The two-day event brought together industry practitioners and scholars including former recipients of the SC–OCIS Islamic Finance Visiting Fellowship.

1. Joint conference with Embassy of Morocco ‘UK–MOROCCO: CONNECTING TWO KINGDOMS’

The Centre, in collaboration with the Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco, organised a conference on ‘UK–Morocco: Connecting Two Kingdoms, Building on the past to shape the future’. HE Mr Hakim Hajoui, the Ambassador of Morocco and the Director welcomed over 50 participants to the event. HE Dr Ahmed Toufiq, Minister of Endowments and Islamic Affairs, Kingdom of Morocco, gave the keynote address.

Speakers included HE Assia Bensalah Alaoui, Dr Driss Ouaouicha, Professor Abdellatif Bencherifa, The Rt Revd Dr Steven Croft, Mr Derek Conway, and Mr Anthony Layden. The conference was structured around three panel discussions. The first explored the key elements behind Morocco’s unique model of religious freedom and co-existence. The second panel discussed the political responses to current global issues in the light of Morocco’s foreign policy and the UK’s approach towards regional stability and security. The third panel explored some of the

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tremendous economic opportunities and the essential role of cultural and human relations in enhancing dialogue and cooperation between the two Kingdoms.

1. Roundtable on ‘ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN CONTEXT: SPACE AND CULTURE’

In October the Centre hosted a roundtable on ‘Islamic architecture in context: space and culture’. The event explored the meaning and key concepts of Islamic architecture and its relationship to the arts and crafts in order to understand the underlying discourse, and the beauty of connections within the spatial and intellectual context. It was attended by over 40 people, including academics and members of the public.

The day-long event started with presentations by: Professor Salma Samar Damluji (American University of Beirut) on ‘Architecture and culture as a context’, Dr Viola Bertini on ‘Earth and utopia: Hassan Fathy, Egyptian architect (1901–1989), and Professor Nader El-Bizri on ‘Philosophical and scientific perspectives behind premodern Islamic architecture’.

The presentations were followed by a panel discussion led by Professor Damluji, with Dr Bertini, Sultan Al Harithi, Graham Modlen, Ellis Woodman and Dr Karim Lahham. The discussion focused on city architecture, traditional values with reference to ecology, and future challenges.

1. Roundtable on ‘NEW APPROACHES TO STUDYING ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST’

Professor Sevket Pamuk, Bogazici University, led an intensive roundtable discussion on new directions in the study of economic history of the Middle East. The Roundtable session was moderated by Professor Stephen Broadberry, chair of economic history at Nuffield College, Oxford, and attended by students and scholars from across the University.

1. Launch of the Project on ‘PUBLIC HEALTH, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY’ at the Royal Society

On 7th March 2023 the Centre hosted an event at the Royal Society, London, to launch its project on ‘Public Health, Science and Technology in Muslim Societies’ attended by academics, diplomats and industry experts. Professor Sir David Clary FRS, Senior Advisor to the Project, and Professor Shahid Jameel, Principal Investigator to the Project, introduced the project and its scope. Professor Sir David Clary said that many Muslim countries are putting significant resources into science, technology and medicine. A main aim of the project is to examine these developments and make proposals for future progress. Professor Shahid Jameel outlined the long-term and medium-term goals of the project and highlighted its current focus on Muslim attitudes to climate change, novel sources of proteins and vaccination.

Rt Hon Andrew Mitchell MP, Minister of State in the UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office gave the inaugural lecture on, ‘Partnering for progress: opportunities in a changing world’.

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Following the Minister’s speech Professor Charlotte Watts CMG, Chief Scientific Advisor & Director, Research and Evidence Directorate, FCDO, spoke on ‘Global health in a challenging world: trends, threats, headwinds and opportunities’.

The inaugural session was followed by a panel discussion on ‘Science and Technology in the Muslim world: challenges and opportunities’. It was moderated by Mr. Ehsan Masood, Editorials Editor and Bureau Chief Africa and Middle East, at Nature . The panel included: Professor Adil Najam, Dean Emeritus, Pardee School of Global Studies, Boston University; Professor Ghazala Mir, a health inequalities researcher at the University of Leeds; and Dr Rim Turkmani, Research Fellow at the Conflict and Civil Society Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science.

1. Roundtable on ‘JERUSALEM TODAY’

The Centre organised a roundtable with a delegation of religious leaders from Jerusalem on 14th March led by the Jordanian Ambassador, HE Manar Dabbas, reflecting the Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem’s holy places. Delegates included Dr Mustafa Abu Sway, Professor and Chair for the Study al-Ghazali thought in al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem; Sheikh Mohammad Sarandah, khatib of al-Aqsa and judge at the Shariah Court; Dr. Wasfi Kailani, Jerusalem Affairs Manager at the Office of His Majesty and Director of the Hashemite Fund for the Restoration of al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock; Archbishop Hussam Na’om, Bishop Episcopal Church of Jerusalem and the Middle East. And Economos Dr. Ibrahim Dabbour, Secretary General of the Council of Church Leaders in Jordan.

The delegation briefed senior academics and others with cultural, historical, religious and political interests in Jerusalem on the challenges faced by the Christian and Muslim communities of the city. Senior participants included Emeritus Professors Avi Shlaim, Revd Dr Liz Carmichael MBE, Professor Diarmaid MacCulloch, Professor Robert Hillenbrand and Professor Carole Hillenbrand, the Bishop of Oxford and Dr Phyllis Starkey (founder of the all-party parliamentary group on Palestine). Proceedings concluded with a lively dinner in Hall with many new contacts made.

1. Joint conference with the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia ‘IMAGINING THE FUTURE: CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH AND FOOD SECURITY IN MUSLIM SOCIETIES’

The Centre’s project on Public Health, Science and Technology organised a Science Roundtable in partnership with the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) to harness the knowledge, networks, and capabilities of the global community to build a more climate resilient future for the Muslim world. The Roundtable, attended by about 50 participants from the UK, Malaysia and elsewhere, included academics and policymakers, prominent organisations such as the World Health Organization, The Wellcome Trust, Nature Publishing, and the private sector.

In the inaugural address, Her Majesty Raja Zarith Sofiah, The Queen of Johor and Chancellor, UTM outlined the climate challenges facing humanity, especially people living in developing countries and marginalised societies. She urged all parties to move beyond rhetoric to translate ideas and plans into practical action on climate adaptation and mitigation.

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In the Plenary Session leading thinkers from the UK and Malaysia addressed historical, societal, ethical, technological and communications aspects of climate change and the existential challenge it poses to all, including the Muslim world. The Roundtable sessions addressed three key areas – technology and ethics, health, and food security. Each session had three key speakers followed by discussion.

The final session was addressed by The Hon Minister of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change, Malaysia, who gave an overview of his government’s policies and commitment to climate adaptation and mitigation. This session also summed up the Roundtable discussions and the way forward.

1. Roundtable on ‘ENERGY TRANSITION IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA’

On 27 June, Centre’s research group on Economic and Human Development in Muslim Societies organised a roundtable on ‘Energy transition in the Middle East and North Africa’. The discussion was led by Professor Bassam Fattouh, SOAS, University of London and Director of the Oxford Institute of Energy Studies and by Mr Ali Al-Saffar, Director of Energy Transition and Climate Action, Rockefeller Foundation, New York. Dr Adnan Mazarei, Peterson Institute of International Economics and former IMF Economist, Washington DC and Dr Rabah Arezki, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, and former Chief Economist, World Bank, were the lead speakers. The discussion was moderated by Professor Adeel Malik, Globe Fellow in the Economics of Muslim Societies. The roundtable was attended by 28 scholars and practitioners from Oxford and London. There was robust discussion on the need for subsidy reform, the role of oil and gas sectors in the region’s economic development, and emerging pathways to reform.

1. Roundtable on UZBEKISTAN

On 18[th] July, HE Senator Safoev, First Deputy Chairman of the Senate of Oliy Majlis, Republic of Uzbekistan, visited the Centre. He was accompanied by Sir Suma Chakrabarti, Advisor to the President of Uzbekistan. Mr Safoev met with the Director and Centre Fellows. Discussions centred on building on Centre–Uzbekistan relations in order to develop possible collaborations in the future.

1. Roundtable with HE Mr Vikram Doraiswami, High Commissioner of India

On 24[th] July, HE Mr Vikram Doraiswami, the High Commissioner of India, visited the Centre. In a roundtable discussion over lunch, Director and Mr Doraiswami exchanged ideas for possible mutual cooperation in the future.

Participants included Dr Yolanda Spies, Director of Diplomatic Studies Programme, University of Oxford; Mr Shaunaka Rishi Das, Director of Hindu Studies, Oxford; Professor Mitali Mukherjee, Director of Journalist Programmes, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Oxford; Professor Arjune Sen, Head, Oxford Epilepsy Research Group; Professor Rana Mitter, Professor of the History and Politics of Modern China and Master, St Cross College, Oxford; Professor Faisal Devji, Professor of Indian History, St Antony College, Oxford, and members of the Centre.

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11. GRADUATE COLLOQUIA

The Centre continued its programme of Graduate Colloquia designed to encourage students reading for degrees at the University of Oxford to share their work and aspirations with colleagues.

During Michaelmas Term the following presentations were made at the Colloquium:

Miss Rahma Hussein (MSt in Byzantine Studies, Lincoln College)

‘John of Damascus, Islam and Arabic Christianity’

Mr Abdullah Azzam (DPhil in Law, Faculty of Law, Oxford) ‘Security and othering in India: a critical analysis of the functioning of the National Investigation Agency’

Dr Sara Kadir (OCIS)

‘A review on: Islamic considerations surrounding alternative protein sources, the story so far’

Dr Fitri Fareez bin Ramli (DPhil in Psychiatry, St Cross College)

‘The potential use of ebselen in treatment-resistant depression’

Mr Jad Baghdadi (DPhil in International Development, Rhodes Scholar, Balliol College) ‘Business–State networks in post-conflict Syria: an evolving political economy of authoritarianism’

Ms Wafa Zaka (MSc in Modern South Asian Studies, Rhodes Scholar) ‘Ungoverned spaces and the politics of policy change: understanding the mainstreaming of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas’

Ms Sawsene Nejjar (DPhil in Middle Eastern Studies, St Antony’s College)

‘Shifting religious borders and influence: the case of Morocco’

During Hilary Term the following presentations were made at the Colloquium

Mr Nadeem Hussain (DPhil in International Development, Wolfson College)

‘Canals and the political economy of development: evidence from British Punjab’

Ms Sania Ismailee (Commonwealth Split-Site Fellow, DPIR Oxford)

‘Jurisdictional autonomy of communities and gender justice: lessons from and for diverse family laws'

Miss Martina Kardashian-Sieger (MPhil in Modern Middle Eastern Studies, St Antony’s College)

‘The political economy of women’s rights in Iran: institutions, reform, and development outcomes for women, 1963–1979’

Mr Adam Sami Kydd (MPhil in Modern Middle Eastern Studies, St Antony’s College) Baghdad Modern: a cultural history of architecture in Iraq, 1950–1958

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Mr Yusuf Tayara (DPhil in History, Wolfson College)

‘Astronomy in the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus: A social history of Mamluk astronomy’

Ms Khansa Maria (MPhil in Development Studies, Harris Manchester College) ‘Education, resilience and exclusion: understanding the educational experiences of Lahore’s visually impaired students’

Mr Said Shenwari (MSc in Water Science, Policy & Management, Wolfson College) ‘Can Afghanistan’s water sector adapt to climate change?’

1. CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS ATTENDED BY CENTRE MEMBERS

Dr Afifi Al-Akiti

Chaired the Liqa’ Fikri (Intellectual Discourse) Forum with the Chairman of the Malaysian Fatwa Council and the Mufti of Perak, Malaysia, at the Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah, Perak, December 2022.

Delivered a Public Lecture entitled ‘ La Convivencia in Muslim Spain and peaceful coexistence in Malaysia today’, at the University of Malaya, January 2023.

Delivered the Leadership Power Talk, ‘Cultivating good governance between the Muslim world and the West’, hosted by the Association of Development Finance Institutions of Malaysia (ADFIM), at EXIM Bank, Kuala Lumpur, April 2023.

Delivered the Parliamentary Lecture Series 2.0 titled, ‘ Budi as a civilizing value in shaping a civilised society’, at the Malaysian Parliament, May 2023.

Professor Adeel Malik

Presented a paper on ‘Frontier governmentality’, at Pathways to Development, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Pakistan, 21-23 December 2022; Annual Conference of the Centre for the Study of African Economies, St Catherine’s College, Oxford, 19–21 March 2023; CAGE Economic History Workshop 2023, Warwick University, 20 March 2023; the annual conference of the Association of the Analytical Learning on Muslim Societies (AALIMS), Stanford University, USA, 6–8 April 2023; and Research Jamboree, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, 21–22 June 2023.

Presented a paper on ‘Obfuscated liberalization: how special interest groups capture trade policy in Pakistan’, Money in Politics Conference, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark, 15–16 June 2023.

Professor Shahid Jameel

Made a presentation on ‘Covid-19: science, leadership and society’, Young Muslim Leadership Programme, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, July 2022.

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Delivered a lecture on ‘Disruptive technologies and Muslim societies: the case for alternative proteins’, Green Templeton College, Oxford, 25 November 2022.

Co-Chair for a session on ‘Pathogens project: creating the framework for tomorrow’s pathogen research’, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists Conference, Geneva, 19–20 April 2023.

Made a presentation on ‘Climate change: why should Muslims care’, OCIS–UTM Science Roundtable, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, 13 May 2023.

Dr Muhammad Meki

Presented a paper on, ‘Microequity and mutuality: experimental evidence from Kenya’, Central Bank of Morocco, Morocco, September 2022; Yale University, USA, October 2022; Royal Economic Society Annual Conference, Glasgow, April 2023; and German Institute for Economic Research, Germany, April 2023.

Presented a paper on ‘Equity-based microfinance and risk preferences’, Northwestern University, USA. October 2022.

Presented a paper on ‘Islamic finance and experiments’, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, January 2023.

Presented a paper on ‘Building a research agenda’, FCDO Young Scholars Matchmaking Workshop, Oxford, April 2023.

Dr Moin Nizami

Presented a paper on ‘Letters from the Hijaz: Exercising religious authority in late 18th century India’, at the Department of History, University of Delhi, 28 September 2022.

Professor Mohammad Talib

Delivered a presentation on ‘Sufis and silence: tradition of devotional communication beyond words’, Harris Manchester College, Oxford, 20 November 2022.

Presented a paper on ‘Practices of indigenization and “Worldmaking” in Sufi practices: illustrations from Deccan in pre-modern India’, at the conference on ‘Contribution of the Sufis of Deccan for the Promotion of Learning and Communal Harmony’, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 23 January 2023.

Delivered a lecture on ‘Sociology and social work: perspectives on mutual relations in history and institutional settings’, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 23 February 2023.

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Chapter Five

PUBLICATIONS

The Civilization Centre’s publications include 1) ; and 3) publications by individual Centre Fellows and members. Journal of Islamic Studies ; 2) the series Makers of Muslim

• 1 THE JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES

The Journal , published for the Centre by Oxford University Press since 1990, places the study of Islam and Muslim societies in global context.

Volume 33, Number 3, September 2022

Articles:

Tareq Moqbel , ‘The emergence of the qirāʾāt : the divine permission hypothesis’

Adrien Leites, ‘“Faith in God and the last day” in Ghazālī: what faith for what people?’

Zachary Wtight ‘Spiritual training across the Sahara: debating the need for the living Sufi master in the Tijāniyya’

The Book Review section contained 19 reviews.

Volume 34, Number 1, January 2023

Articles:

Abdul Rahman Mustafa , ‘Innovation in premodern Islam: between non-religion, irreligion and the secular’

Ali Mian, ‘Respectful rationalism: ʿAbd al-Mājid Daryābādī and reforming institutional Sufism in colonial India’

Nabil Matar, ‘Islam in the defence of the Anglican Church: John Gregory (1607–1646)’

The Book Review section contained 15 reviews.

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Volume 34, Number 2, May 2023

Articles:

Kamal Gasimov , ‘Muslim saints contested: Ibn Taymiyya’s critique on Qāsim alQushayrī’s Risāla ’

Alexander Thurston, ‘Clerical independence and the religious field in post-colonial Mauritania’

The Book Review section contained 17 reviews.

• 2 THE MAKERS OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

Forthcoming titles

Mawdudi by Mustansir Mir

Haji Imdadullah by Moin Ahmad Nizami

• 3 PUBLICATIONS BY CENTRE MEMBERS

Books

Moin A. Nizami, ‘ Haji Imdadullah’ , Makers of Islamic Civilization Series (Oxford University Press, forthcoming)

Articles

Shahid Jameel, ‘Vaccines: past, present and future’. In Injecting Hope , a monograph for a travelling exhibition curated by the Science Museum Group, UK and Government of India, November 2022.

Shahid Jameel, ‘Understanding climate change, health, and food security: Action, equity, and sustainable development’, Observer Research Foundation , 05 December 2022.

Sophie Attwood, Shahid Jameel, Awal Fuseini, Eman AlKhalawi and Cother Hajat, ‘Halal cultivated meat: an untapped opportunity’. Frontiers in Nutrition , (in review).

Shahid Jameel, ‘Climate change, food systems and the Islamic perspective on alternative proteins’, Trends in Food Science and Technology , (in review).

Adeel Malik and R Mirza, ‘Pre-colonial religious institutions and development: evidence through a military coup’, Journal of European Economic Association , Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 907–956, April 2022.

Adeel Malik and V. Bouaroudj, ‘The predicament of establishing persistence: slavery and human capital in Africa’, Journal of Historical Political Economy , Vol. 1, No. 3, pp 411-446, 2022.

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Adeel Malik, R. Mirza, and F. Rehman, ‘Frontier governmentality’. UNU-WIDER Working Paper , Helsinki, Finland, 2023.

Adeel Malik, R. Mirza and J-P. Platteau, ‘Devolution under Autocracy: Evidence from Pakistan’, Decentralised Governance: Crafting Effective Democracies Around the World , Jean-Paul Faguet and Sarmistha Pal (eds.), LSE Press, London, 2023.

Adeel Malik and W. Duncan, ‘Obfuscated liberalization: how special interest groups capture trade policy in Pakistan’, RASTA Working Paper , Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2022.

Adeel Malik and C. Zaki, ‘The political economy of post-conflict reform in Arab societies’, ERF Working Paper No. 1600 , 2022, Economic Research Forum, Cairo, Egypt.

Muhammad Meki, ‘Levelling the debt–equity playing field: evidence from a Belgian policy change’, European Economic Review , (2023).

Muhammad Meki, Jing Cai, Simon Quinn, Erica Field, Cynthia Kinnan, Jonathan Morduch, Jonathan de Quidt, and Farah Said, ‘Dynamic literature review: Microfinance’, VoxDevLit , (2023).

Moin A. Nizami, ‘The Chishtis and cross-cultural interactions in South Asia’ in N. Arif and A. Panakkal (eds.), Indian Islam: Spectrum of Integration and Indigenisation (Brill, forthcoming).

Moin A. Nizami, ‘Connecting law and Sufism: religious discourse in pre-modern South Asia’, in S, Pahuja, Shaun McVeigh and Adil H. Khan (eds.), Law, Culture and the Humanities (forthcoming).

Mohammad Talib, ‘The ‘National’ and the ‘(post–) Colonial’ in Indian Education: Before and after – 1947’ in Manisha Priyam (ed.), Autonomy and Academic Freedom in the Public University: Perspectives from the Global South , (Routledge, forthcoming 2023).

Book Reviews and Encyclopaedia Entries

Moin A. Nizami, review of Narrative Pasts: The Making of a Muslim Community in Gujarat, c. 1400–1650 by J. G. Balachandran, International Quarterly for Asian Studies , 53/2 (2022).

Moin A. Nizami, ‘Saiyid Ahmad of Rae Bareli’ in Natana DeLong-Bas (ed.), Oxford Bibliographies (New York: Oxford University Press, forthcoming).

Mohammad Talib, review of Making Place for Muslims in Contemporary India by Kalyani Devaki Menon (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2022) the Journal of Islamic Studies (forthcoming).

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Chapter Six

RESEARCH

• The Centre has been focusing on four priority areas of research

• classical Islamic sciences;

• the social and intellectual history of the Muslim world;

• the social and economic development of Muslim societies (incorporating the Centre’s longstanding interests in Islamic finance); and

• Public health, science and technology in Muslim societies.

The aim has been to develop a more strategic approach within and between these units, under the overall leadership of a research coordinator for each unit. These aspirations are a work in progress that will be refined and detailed over the years ahead.

• 1 THE ATLAS PROJECT: THE SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF MUSLIMS IN SOUTH ASIA

The Atlas Project is a research programme focused on the history and geographical spread of social and intellectual movements in the Muslim world. It provides information about how individuals and ideas moved within and between differently configured Muslim societies, how they interacted with local attitudes and customs, how they responded to changes in economic and political conditions, the scholarly and religious movements they inspired, and their enduring legacy in contemporary times. The Project envisages the Muslim world in five volumes, with each volume focused on a different region. These include: i) The Arabian Peninsula, Southwest Asia, the Nile Valley and the Red Sea; ii) West-Central Asia, Inner Eurasia, Western China; iii) North Africa, the Western Mediterranean, Saharan and West Africa; iv) South Asia; and v) Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean.

The volume on South Asia is nearing completion. This volume would set the template for other regions and would define the method, procedures, and analysis which can be applied to the historical geography of Islam in other major regions. The South Asia volume describes the arrival of Islam in the region through trade and military incursions and the eventual establishment of Muslim polities such as the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. The main focus is on the diffusion of Muslim thought and practice through the villages and towns of the subcontinent. Covering a time span of about eight centuries, the Atlas shows the teaching centres, educational

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and philosophical trends, the spread of Sufi orders, social and political movements, and the diverse routes for disseminating ideas, beliefs, and knowledge. This entails a detailed presentation, for the whole region, of intellectual genealogies comprehensively mapped for different Sufi orders and for madrasa scholars. The volume draws on a variety of historical sources (such as local histories, biographical dictionaries, chronicles, and other materials) that have been verified, collated, and interpreted. This historical data has been used to create 162 maps, 142 charts, and 109 tables to provide a graphic depiction of Muslim intellectual history in the subcontinent. The maps and charts visualise the interconnected networks of transmission of texts, ideas and practices over the centuries. The accompanying text ties the themes together and explains the key findings that such a representation offers. Together they present the history of the spread of social and intellectual movements across South Asia, and account for disruptions and differences, as well as connections and continuities, across different regions. The Atlas is under the direction of Dr Farhan Nizami and has been supported in the past by the Leverhulme Trust (UK), the Faisal Islamic Bank, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and Carnegie Corporation of New York. Funding from these bodies has brought the South Asia volume close to completion.

Currently, work on preparing a textual commentary of 200,000 words in underway. Dr Moin Ahmad Nizami is working on identifying the key themes raised by maps and charts and explaining these in the accompanying text. About 40,000 words of this text have been written thus far. Preparation of the endnotes is also underway to ensure that they reflect correctly the changes done on the maps and charts during multiple rounds of revisions. All work on the graphic elements of the Atlas, such as the maps, charts and tables has been completed and they have been incorporated into the book’s layout. The end-matter including Bibliography, and the Atlas Gazetteer which will assist the reader in locating places on maps, has been updated and finalised. The Atlas Project received a grant from the Kuwait Foundation for Advancement of Sciences to prepare the first volume on South Asia ready for Oxford University Press.

2 ISLAMIC FINANCE

The Islamic finance unit has held its regular group meetings throughout the year, usging virtual meeting technology to allow participation by attendees in the Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia.

In light of recent increases in inflation rates worldwide, former visiting fellow Abdulkader Thomas revisited the topic of riba prohibitions within the context of high inflation environments. Abdulkader demonstrated, as usual, the intricate and nuanced discussions, as well as the depth of knowledge exhibited by Islamic scholars hundreds of years ago, who had addressed both inflation and currency devaluation.

A delegation of experts working on the development of the Malaysian digital economy visited the Centre. An event was organised that featured talks by Mahadhir Aziz, Ruslena Ramli, and current SC–OCIS visiting fellow Kinan Salim. The discussions covered various topics, including the development of Malaysia’s digital transformation process and the interaction between academic research and Fintechs.

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Hassan Usman, a visiting fellow from Nigeria and former CEO of one of the largest banks, shared insights into the history of Islamic finance in Nigeria and his role in developing it in the country while working with regulators.

Dr. Tarik Akin, serving in the finance office of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, presented Turkey's new participation finance strategy document. This strategy aims to achieve a comprehensive transformation of the country's economic and financial system.

Dr. Jassem Alokla, Chartered Insurer, and Assistant Professor in Finance at the University of Sussex Business School, discussed the topic of takaful in the Gulf region. He explored the challenges of implementing Islamic insurance models from a regulatory perspective.

3 PUBLIC HEALTH, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Muslims comprise roughly a quarter of today’s world population and contribute similarly to global GDP. Past Muslim societies pioneered many advances in fundamental sciences, astronomy, medicine and public health that are now taken for granted. These were accompanied by systematic efforts to build scientific knowledge, innovate technologies, and train practitioners. Those societies also developed legal concepts that prioritised people-oriented urban design and the conservation and preservation of land, water and air for future generations. That past is relevant for contemporary Muslim societies facing the challenges of accelerating environmental degradation, climate change, and disruptive technological advances in bioengineering, artificial intelligence, and complex datacollection. Taken together, these challenges threaten resource-security (energy, food, water) and the social and economic relations required for adaptation to and mitigation of future threats.

The Project on Public Health, Science and Technology in Muslim Societies is studying the ongoing efforts in a range of Muslim-majority countries to gather information and promote research that recognises the challenges and proposes practicable steps to meet those challenges in a way that is sustainable, equitable and minimally disruptive of social and political stability. This goal requires understanding the religious and cultural norms in play, with an appreciation of their power to inform and motivate efforts to adapt for survival and for successfully meeting urgent challenges.

The pursuit of knowledge is always collaborative, especially in the domains of science and technology. This project, in alignment with the Centre’s remit, is multi-disciplinary in its orientation and collaborates with other institutions worldwide to harvest the energy and creativity that can flow into an intellectual effort welcoming of different perspectives. Outputs will include papers collating the data that research has gathered, and policy papers outlining actions that can be taken. The long-term goal of the project is to facilitate the establishment of a collaborative network across Islamic countries that uses science to address local and global challenges, and as a vehicle to unite people.

The project is currently funded by the Centre, and is headed by Senior Adviser to the project, Professor Sir David Clary FRS, King Salman Fellow at the Centre and President Emeritus of Magdalen College, Oxford, and its Principal Investigator, Professor Shahid Jameel, Sultan Qaboos bin Said Fellow at the Centre and Research Fellow at Green Templeton College, Oxford.

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During the year under review there was a formal launch of the Project at the Royal Society, London on 7 March 2023, which was addressed by Rt Hon Andrew Mitchell, MP and Minister of State in the UK’s Foreign Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO), and Professor Charlotte Watts CMG, FMedSCi, Chief Scientific Adviser & Director, Research and Evidence Directorate, FCDO.

The Project also organised a range of seminars, details of which can be found in chapter 2. A conference on ‘Imagining the future: climate change, health and food security in Muslim societies’, was organised in partnership with Universiti Teknologi Malaysia at Oxford on 12–14 May 2023. The Conference was addressed by Her Majesty, The Queen of Johor, Malaysia, and was attended by about 50 participants, including leading researchers from the UK, Malaysia and elsewhere.

4 ECONOMIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Muslim societies face an overarching challenge of economic and social inclusion. Some of their populations are poor and illiterate. Others have witnessed a dramatic reversal in human development in the wake of conflict. The relatively richer Muslim societies face the challenge of maintaining their high levels of entitlement for national populations. Muslim countries are also experiencing a strong youth bulge and demographic shifts with attendant challenges for unemployment and social unrest. Many Muslim societies are struggling to achieve economic productivity and are weakly integrated with the global economy. Those who are resource-rich must face the need to diversify their economies away from excessive reliance on hydrocarbons. Muslim countries are also some of the most conflict-prone in the world.

Given these pressing challenges, the Centre’s Economic and Human Development (EHD) research cluster seeks to support innovative, empirically rigorous, and holistic research on issues that fall under its broader rubric. The EHD Cluster is a central vehicle for organizing a range of academic and policy-focused activities. Combining the complementary strengths of the Centre’s Globe Fellowship in Economies of Muslim Societies, presently held by Professor Adeel Malik, and Sultan Hassan Bolkiah Fellowship in Islamic Finance, held by Professor Muhammad Meki, the programme is developing a dedicated programme of activities to promote scholarship, teaching and public engagement in the defined area.

An active teaching and research programme is being carried out under the auspices of the Cluster. This includes two flagship courses in ‘Political economy of the Middle East’ and ‘Microfinance, entrepreneurship and development’. These courses are available for graduate students from various faculties in Oxford, and are well-subscribed.

Several advanced research students reading for their M.Phil and D.Phil degrees are currently being supervised by Cluster coordinators. They are working on a variety of issues, which include among others: religiosity and youth activism in Lebanon, sovereign wealth funds in the GCC, impact of dams in Turkey, the institutional barriers to upgrading and diversification in Bangladesh and Turkey, foreign aid and horizontal inequality in post-conflict societies, the political economy of large-scale infrastructure projects in South Asia, the political economy of business–state relationship in Lebanon, the conversion of agricultural land into real estate projects in Pakistan, the new frontiers of Gulf diplomacy with India, and the determinants of technology adoption in Asia.

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The following research projects have recently been completed under the EHD Cluster:

• ‘Political dynasties and development’. Funded by European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI).

• ‘Frontier rule and conflict’. Funded by the United Nations University, World Institute of Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER)

• ‘Towards a post-conflict order: the political economy of reconstruction in Arab countries’. Supported by the Economic Research Forum (ERF) in Cairo.

The EHD Cluster seeks to promote academic conversation and dialogue by organising seminars and roundtables that are accessible to the members of the University and the wider public. Two roundtables were organised during the last academic year, details of which can be found in chapter 4.

5 RESEARCH BY CENTRE MEMBERS

DR AFIFI AL-AKITI started the Walk with Muhammad initiative, a two-year research project brought together by the Qatar Foundation, the National Library of Qatar and Hamad Bin Khalifa University. This is an exciting new initiative that offers a fresh online platform to engage with the biography ( sīra ) of Prophet Muhammad, highlighting his uplifting humanity. Using innovative media and online resources, the project aims to resonate with and inspire people of all beliefs and backgrounds through the universal and spiritual values of the Prophet. Utilizing language and content that is highly accessible, dynamic, and relevant, the resulting global portal (walkwithmuhammad.com) will become an important resource in meeting the growing demand for authentic information on Islam and the Prophet. During the year under review, Dr Al-Akiti also joined the International Advisory Board for Al-Amir Research Journal for Islamic Studies and the Advisory Board for Journal of World Religions and Interfaith Harmony .

PROFESSOR SHAHID JAMEEL expanded work within the project ‘Public Health, Science and Technology in Muslim Societies’ at OCIS. During this year, the focus was on climate change, its attendant impacts on health and food security, and on Muslim perceptions of it. As a way to address the impact of food systems on global greenhouse gas emissions, his work explored the technology, ethics and societal penetration of alternative proteins as food sources. Together with Professor Sir David Clary, he is also co-editing a book on ‘Disruptive technologies and Muslim societies’, due to be published by mid-2024.

PROFESSOR ADEEL MALIK is currently pursuing several projects on the political economy of Muslim societies. He has just concluded a small project supported through a competitive grant from the United Nations University (World Institute of Development Economics Research). Part of a broader research programme on ‘Institutional Legacies of Conflict’, Prof Malik’s paper seeks to probe the impact of exceptional institutional arrangements in frontier regions on contemporary conflicts. Focusing on Pakistan’s North-West Frontier region, he uses a historical border dividing the frontier tribal agencies and settled districts to show how the institutional void created by British imperial rule in 1901 deprived the frontier agencies of any institutions for conflict management.

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This made the region more vulnerable to sovereignty-contesting forms of violence after 9/11. This work is of direct relevance to understanding contemporary conflict in many peripheral regions of the Middle East and Africa. He has also recently concluded a project on the impact of political dynasties on local economic development in Punjab. Papers from both projects have been published as working papers and are being readied for submission. Professor Malik also won a competitive small grant from the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) in London to study the drivers of structural economic change in developing countries. Besides these projects, he has continued his research on the political economy of the Middle East. In this regard, he has just finalised a paper on reconstruction in post-conflict Arab societies and is currently drafting a paper on trade liberalisation in Egypt. He is also actively working on a new project on the political economy of large-scale infrastructure projects in Saudi Arabia.

PROFESSOR MUHAMMAD MEKI has continued his research on development economics, financial inclusion, and microfinance, investigating the potential for musharakah-based contracts to improve the economic outcomes of low-income entrepreneurs in developing countries, in collaboration with several other researchers. In Bangladesh, an IGC/FCDO funded project explores the potential for low-income high school graduates in rural Northern Bangladesh (Gaibandha) to become ‘freelancing entrepreneurs’. In India, a USAID-funded project supports business expansion for female entrepreneurs by financing a large capital expenditure using revenue-sharing contracts. In Iraq, a UN-funded project explores an ‘investment readiness programme’ to help SMEs graduate from grants to external finance.

DR MOIN AHMAD NIZAMI continues his research on the social and intellectual history of Muslims in South Asia. He is working on the Centre’s Atlas Project and is preparing the textual commentary that will analyse and tie together the information presented in various charts and maps in the Atlas. His upcoming book on the life of a nineteenth century scholar, Haji Imdadullah , is with the Oxford University Press and is expected to come out later this year. By focusing on the networks that linked South Asian intellectuals with their peers in the Ottoman Hijaz, the study explains the major intellectual trends of the period, and the role migrant scholars played in the formation of trans-Asian linkages of scholarship.

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Chapter Seven

VISITING FELLOWSHIPS

T he Visiting Fellowships programme is a crucial element of the Centre’s commitment to establishing and sustaining external contacts with scholars and institutions, at national and international levels. These Fellowships enable scholars to undertake a period of independent study and research at Oxford. Over some 30 years the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies has built up one of Oxford’s largest and most diverse programmes of Visiting Fellowships. Some 300 academics from around the world, many now in senior positions, have benefited from this programme. During the year under review, Professor Shahid Jameel served as the Coordinator Visiting Fellowships Programme.

VISITING FELLOWSHIPS

During the year under review, the following were in residence:

Dr Asaad Alsaleh, PhD (Arkansas) Indiana University, Bloomington Visiting Fellow

Dr Irina Katkova, PhD (St Petersburg Institute of Oriental Studies) St Petersburg State University Abdul Aziz al-Mutawa Visiting Fellow

Professor Adil Najam, BSc (UET, Lahore), S.M., S.M., PhD (MIT) Boston University Mahathir Mohamad Visiting Fellow

Mr Marty Natalegawa, BSc (LSE), MPhil (Cantab), PhD (ANU) Former Foreign Minister, Indonesia Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Visiting Fellow

Tan Sri Abdul Wahid Omar Chairman, Bursa Malaysia, formerly Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department, Malaysia Sultan bin Abdulaziz Visiting Fellow

Dr Bashir Saade, BA (American University of Beirut), MSc (LSE), PhD (KCL) University of Stirling Visiting Fellow

Dr Fatima Sel Turhan, BA, PhD (Bogazici) Istanbul Technical University Mohammad bin Ladin Visiting Fellow

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Mr Hassan Usman, BSc (Ahmadu Bello), FCA (Institute of Chartered Accounts of Nigeria), FCIB (Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria) Jaiz Bank PLC Hamad bin Jasim Visiting Fellow

Dr Marta Wieczorek, MA, PhD (Lodz) Zayed University Visiting Fellow

The following elections have been made to Visiting Fellowships for 2023/24:

Dr Nor Asiah Omar, BBA (IIUM), MBA (UNITAR), DPhil (UiTM) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Visiting Fellow

Professor Zekirija Sejdini, BTh (Marmara), MTh (Marmara), PhD (Heidelberg) University of Innsbruck Mohammad bin Ladin Visiting Fellow

Dr Fouad Hassaan, MSc (California, Davis), MPH (North Carolina, CH), MBBS (Sana'a University, Yemen) Thani Bin Abdullah Bin Thani Al-Thani Humanitarian Fund Visiting Fellow

Dr Md Abdullah Al Masum, BA (Chittagong), MA (Chittagong), MPhil (Chittagong), PhD (Jadavpur) University of Chittagong Abdul Aziz al-Mutawa Visiting Fellow

Dr Kamala Imranli-Lowe, Hons Dip. (Baku State), PhD (Birmingham) University of Oxford Visiting Fellow

Dr Beata Polok, MA (Silesia), PhD (Silesia) Dar Al Hekma University Visiting Fellow Dr Yasar Sarikaya, PhD (Ruhr University) Justus Liebig University, Giessen Visiting Fellow

Dr Fatima Sel Turhan, BA, PhD (Bogazici) Istanbul Technical University Visiting Fellow

OCIS–SC VISITING FELLOWSHIP IN ISLAMIC FINANCE

In residence during 2022/23:

Dr Kinan Salim, BSc (Damascus), MSc (AABFS), CIFP, MSc, PhD (INCEIF) INCEIF SC–OCIS Visiting Fellow in Islamic Finance

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Dr Salim will continue in residence during Michaelmas Term of 2023/24.

The appointment to the SC–OCIS Visiting Fellowship for 2023–24 will be confirmed in August 2023.

CHEVENING VISITING FELLOWSHIPS

During the year under review, the following Chevening Visiting Fellows were in residence at the Centre:

Ms Reem Alfurjani, BArch (Nottingham), MA (Cardiff) Chevening Fellow (Libya)

Ms Shalini Amerasinghe Ganendra, BA (Cambridge), LLM (Columbia Law School) Chevening Fellow (Malaysia)

Dr Husain Radjapov, BA (Tashkent State University of Law), MA (Nagoya), PhD (Kobe) Tashkent State University of Law Chevening Fellow (Uzbekistan)

Dr Guzden Varinlioglu, B Arch (Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi), MA, PhD (Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent Üniversitesi) Izmir University of Economics Abdullah Gül Chevening Fellow (Turkey)

The following elections have been made to Chevening Visiting Fellowships for 2023/24:

Dr Melike Batgiray Abboud, BA (Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi), MA (Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent Üniversitesi), PhD (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) Abdullah Gül Chevening Fellow (Turkey)

Dr Oumama Emad Hamasha, BA, MA (University of Jordan), PhD (Birmingham) Chevening Fellow (Jordan)

Dr Mohammed Faiz bin Shaul Hamid, BSc (Albstadt-Sigmaringen Fachhochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft), PhD (University Malaya) Chevening Fellow (Malasyai)

Dr Ahmed Rabie, BA, LLM, PhD (Al-Azhar) Chevening Fellow (Egypt)

VISITING RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

During the year under review, the following Visiting Research Fellows were in residence at the Centre:

Dr Amal Al-Hashimi, BSc, MD (SQU) Neuroscience Directorate, Khoula Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat Oman Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Mohammed Allehbi, BSBA (Prince Sultan), MA (Chicago), PhD (Vanderbilt) Vanderbilt University Visiting Research Fellow

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Dr Amin Alshangiti, BA, MA (Islamic University of Madinah), PhD (Durham), SEP (Stanford) Islamic University of Madinah Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Müge Sağlam Bezgin, PhD (Anadolu) Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Diana Galeeva, LLB (Kazan Federal), MA (Exeter), PhD (Durham) Visiting Research Fellow

Mr Erdal Harunoğulları, MSc (Sakarya University), PhD (Sakarya University) Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Nour-Eddine Qaouar, BA, MA (Dar El-Hadith El-Hassania Institute for Higher Islamic Studies, Morocco), PhD (Mohammed V University) Part-time Professor, Mohammed V University Imam Tirmizi Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Tanzil Rahman, BEc(SocSc), LLB (Sydney), DPhil (Oxon) Oxford University Centre for the Environment Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Raja Adnan Razzaq, BA (Govt. Gordon College, Rawalpindi), MSc, DPhil, PhD (Quaid-i-Azam) National Defence University, Islamabad Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Suja Sawafta, BA (North Carolina, Greensboro), MA (North Carolina, Chapel Hill), DPhil (Oxon) University of Miami Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Vera-Simone Schulz, MA, PhD (HU Berlin) Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florence: Max-Planck-Institut Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Aziza Shanazarova, BA (Tashkent), MA (Tashkent), MA, PhD (Indiana-Bloomington) Columbia University Visiting Research Fellow

The following elections have been made to Visiting Research Fellowships for 2023/4

Mr Yousef Al-Qurashi, BA (Jordan), MA (Jordan), MA (Jordan), PhD (Ankara Yildirim Beyazit)

Institute of Islamic Thought (IDE) Visiting Research Fellow

Professor Fadoua El-Heziti, BA (University Abdul-Malik al-Saadi), PhD (Seville) Hassan II University, Morocco

Imam Tirmizi Visiting Research Fellow

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Professor Ma Zhanming, BAcc. (Islamic University of Medina), LLM (IIUM), PhD (IIUM) Guangzhou University

Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Alisher Jumagulov, BA (Tashkent Islamic University), MA (Tashkent State University of Law), PhD (Tashkent State University of Law) Tashkent State University of Law Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Samia Nour, BSc (Khartoum), MsC (Khartoum), PhD (Maastricht) Khartoum University Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Altea Pericoli, BA (UCSC), MA (UCSC), MA (ISPI), PhD (UCSC) Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Mirzokhid Rakhimov, PhD (Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan) Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Visiting Research Fellow

RESEARCH ASSISTANTS

During the year under review the following Research Assistant was in residence:

Dr Sara Kadir, BSc (KCL), MSc (UCL), MA (SOAS), PhD (Aberdeen) (until 31 March 2023)

ACADEMIC VISITORS

During the year under review the following Academic Visitor was in residence:

Professor Mohammad Waseem, MA (Lahore), PhD (SOAS)

Lahore University of Management Sciences Academic Visitor

The following elections were made for Academic Visitorships for 2023/4:

Dr Zahir Badar Ali Nasser Al Ghusaini, BA (Sultan Qaboos University), MA (Mohammed V), PhD (Mohammed V), PhD (Seville)

Sultan Qaboos University Academic Visitor

SARAWAK SABBATICAL PROGRAMME

Under an agreement with the Government of Sarawak, the Centre hosts one civil servant per term on a career development attachment.

Ms Hasroliza Bolhassan, BSc (UNIMAS)

Sarawak Islamic Council, Sarawak Government, Malaysia

Academic Visitor MT

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Ms Siti Hajar Ramli, BA (USIM) Department of Islamic Affairs, Sarawak Government, Malaysia Academic Visitor HT

Mr Syed Abdul Wan Yusuf, BA (Al-Azhar) Sarawak Islamic Council, Sarawak Government, Malaysia Academic Visitor TT

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Chapter Eight

SCHOLARSHIPS

T he Centre Scholarships benefit those seeking to read for a degree at the University of Oxford, and are administered in accordance with an Agreement with the University. The Programme’s primary purpose is to widen access to the University for students from Britain and overseas, and to encourage and support them to undertake studies which will be of benefit to Muslim communities and the wider societies to which they belong.

Centre Scholarships are available to students reading for graduate and undergraduate degrees in the humanities, social sciences, and those areas of the mathematical, physical, and life sciences which are relevant to the needs of Muslim societies. Some scholarships are restricted to citizens of countries in Asia and Africa, and to British citizens from Muslim communities.

During the year under review 21 Centre Scholarships were held by students reading for Oxford degrees in disciplines including chemistry, economics, education, engineering, history, international relations, Islamic studies, law, materials science, philosophy and PPE. Professor Paul Madden served as the Dean of Scholars during the academic year under review, providing guidance to and mentoring Centre scholars.

The following Centre Scholars, in residence during the year under review, successfully completed their degree courses:

Miss Taibah Al-Fagih, MSt in Global & Imperial History JEF Scholar

St Peter’s College

Miss Afiea Begum, BA in Biomedical Sciences Amanah Foundation Scholar St Catherine’s College

Ms Doaa Hammoudeh, DPhil in Social Policy Easa Saleh Al Gurg Scholar St Antony’s College

Miss Rahma Hussein, MSt in Byzantine Studies Saif al Nahayyan Scholar Lincoln College

Mr Ahmed Jeyte, BA in Jurisprudence Khalid Al Ibrahim Scholar Lady Margaret Hall

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Mr Syed Nizamuddin Sayed Khassim, MSt in Diplomatic Studies Merdeka Scholar Kellogg College Ms Syamilah Heng Kamal Koh, MSt in Islamic Studies and History Merdeka Scholar Wolfson College Mr Muhammad Iqbal bin Abdul Majeed, MPhil in Economics Merdeka Scholar Kellogg College Mr Enson Ng, MSc in Economics for Development Merdeka Scholar St Cross College

Mr Said Muhammad Shenwari, MSt in Water Science, Policy & Management JEF Scholar Wolfson College

The following Centre Scholars were in residence and will continue their studies during the coming academic year:

Ms Jaezah Adlina Zainal Azman, DPhil in Pharmacology Merdeka Scholar St Cross College

Dr Imran Idris, DPhil in Clinical Neurosciences Merdeka Scholar St Catherine’s College

Ms Darshini Nadarajan, DPhil in Education Merdeka Scholar Kellogg College

Mr Muhammad Omar Habib Rahuman, DPhil in Medical Sciences Merdeka Scholar St Anne’s College

Mr Muhsin Ahmed reading for a BA in Economics & Management Easa al Gurg Scholar Keble College

Miss Salma Farah reading for a BA in Philosophy, Politics & Economics Worcester College

Mr Syed Nadeem Hussain reading for a DPhil in International Development Wolfson College Jameel Educational Foundation Scholar

Ms Bahira Malak reading for a BA in Jurisprudence Barclays Scholar The Queen’s College

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Mr Fitri Fareez Bin Ramli reading for a DPhil in Psychiatry Merdeka Scholar St Cross College

Mr Muhammad Tayara reading for a DPhil in History Noon Scholar University College

Miss Suleqa Warsame reading for a BA in Law (Jurisprudence) Trinity College

SCHOLARSHIPS AWARDED FOR THE COMING YEAR

At the time of writing the following postgraduate scholarships have been awarded for students beginning their studies in academic year 2023/2024:

Mr Ali Ata Adam reading for a DPhil in Wind and Marine Energy Systems and Structures JEF Scholar

(College tbc)

Ms Itrisyia Dayini binti Kamarul Baharin reading for an MPhil in Modern Middle Eastern Studies

Merdeka Scholar (College tbc)

Ms Preethika Bharadwaj reading for an MSc in Environmental Change and Management Merdeka Scholar

(College tbc)

Miss Zuhaira Islam reading for an MPhil in Modern South Asian Studies Saif al Nahayyan Scholar (College tbc)

Miss Avinindita Lestari reading for an MSc in Science in Genomic Medicine

Jameel Education Foundation Scholar

(College tbc)

Mr Vignesh Naidu reading for an MSc in Energy Systems Merdeka Scholar (College tbc)

Mr Yi Jian Tan reading for an MSt in Film Aesthetics Merdeka Scholar (College tbc)

Dr Yih Seong Wong reading for an MSc in International Health and Tropical Medicine Merdeka Scholar

(College tbc)

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At the time of publication undergraduate scholarships had been awarded to:

Mr Ahmad Dayyan reading for a BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) Khalid Al Ibrahim Scholar New College

Miss Zaynah Alisha Hussain reading for a BA in History Oriel College

Miss Hasina Ibrahim reading for a BA in Geography St John’s College

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Chapter Nine

THE YOUNG MUSLIM LEADERSHIP PROGRAMME

T he Young Muslim Leadership Programme 2022 took place from 24th June to 3rd July. This annual residential Programme is a joint initiative of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies and The Prince’s Charities. The Programme is designed with three aims in mind. Firstly, to provide participants with an informed understanding of British social and political institutions and values, and to encourage the participants to make a positive contribution to British public life. Secondly, to build a positive sense of identity among participants in being both British and Muslim. Thirdly, to nurture the Centre’s network of YMLP alumni and to introduce the present cohort of participants to this network. Participants are British Muslims aged between 21 and 30 who have demonstrated leadership potential in various spheres, such as local or national government, commerce, the media, the voluntary sector and the arts.

The Programme included seminars from distinguished experts in areas such as academia, banking and commerce. Speakers came from the charity sector, the medical and mental health sectors, journalism, politics and commerce.

On Saturday 2nd July, the Centre hosted the 2022 YMLP Alumni Day. This year we celebrated the 16th anniversary of the YMLP. More than 90 people attended the Alumni Day, which also included an Afternoon Tea to celebrate the 16th anniversary of the Young Muslim Leadership Programme.

The following participants successfully completed the YMLP 2022:

Mr Usamah Afzal, Miss Saamiya Ahmad, Mr Aadil Anwar, Miss Sumaya Awais, Miss Hinna Awan, Miss Arshmeena Durrani, Miss Marwa El-Gaby, Dr Omer Elhassan, Miss Munazzah Haque, Mr Hamda Hussein, Mr Sulaiman Iqbal, Miss Sabrina Jamil, Dr Qasim Malik, Mr Sultaan Mufid, Mr Habibullah Muhammad-Kamal, Miss Linta Binte Nasim, Miss Haleema Ogazi-Khan, Miss Zahra Samih, Miss Shermeen Saud, Ms Carla Elizabeth Freitas Teixeira, Mr Yusuf Zakariya.

Speakers on the Programme included:

Dr Asma Mustafa, Dean of Scholars and Salahuddin Abdul Jawad Fellow, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies;

Ms Asma Khan, Centre for the Study of Islam in the UK, Cardiff University;

Mr Richard Weyers, Deputy Registrar, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies; former Director, British Council Malawi, Afghanistan, Uganda and Sudan.

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Dr Nicholas Dickinson, Balliol College, Oxford

The Honourable Mr Justice Akhlaq Choudhury QC

Ms Nusrat Ghani MP, Former Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Transport and Former Lord Commissioner of HM Treasury;

Dame Barbara Stocking DBE, Former Chief Executive of Oxfam GB

The Rt Hon Lord Dennis Stevenson of Coddenham, Former Chairman, HBOS

Dr Raghib Ali OBE, Director, Public Health Research Center, NYU Abu Dhabi

Rt Hon Dominic Grieve QC, former Attorney General for England and Wales from 2010 to 2014;

The Rt Hon Lord Wajid Khan of Burnley, Shadow Spokesperson (Levelling Up, Housing, Communities and Local Government);

Dr Basil Mustafa, Senior Associate Member, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies;

Mr Iqbal Nasim MBE, Former Chief Executive, National Zakat Foundation;

Mr Jeffery Beere, Procurement Director at AkzoNobel;

Ms Roohi Hasan, Senior Producer, ITV News;

Mr Richard Makepeace CMG, Registrar, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies; former British Ambassador to the Sudan, and to the United Arab Emirates; former Consul General in Jerusalem;

Stephen Timms, MP for East Ham, Chair of the Work and Pensions Select Committee; former Chief Secretary to the Treasury

Mr Tom Fletcher CMG, Former British Ambassador to Lebanon; former Foreign Policy Adviser to the Prime Minister

His Eminence The Sultan of Sokoto

Mr Zuber Issa CBE, Co-CEO and Co-Founder of EG Group; Co-Director of Asda

Mr Iqbal Khan, Chief Executive of Fajr Capital; former head of HSBC Amanah;

Professor Shahid Jameel, Sultan Qaboos Fellow & Principal Investigator of Centre’s Programme on Public Health, Science and Technology in Muslim Societies;

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Chapter Ten

EXTERNAL RELATIONS

he Centre has continued to consolidate and enhance its extensive network of international Tlinks. During the year under review distinguished visitors from many countries and international institutions were received at the Centre and briefed on its activities, with discussion of potential future collaboration high on the agenda.

DISTINGUISHED VISITORS

Her Majesty Queen Raja Zarith Sofiah,

Queen of Johor and Chancellor of Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia

HE Mr. Ahmed Toufiq Minister of Endowments and Islamic Affairs, Morocco

Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari bin Tun Datuk Openg Premier of Sarawak, Malaysia

HE Mr Ghanem bin Ghanim

Minister of Endowments, Qatar

HE Dr Naeem Al-Aboudi

Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq

Professor Haydar Abed Dahaad Deputy Minister of Higher Education, Iraq

Dr Ahmed Al Hasnah

President of Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar

Dr Abdulaziz Alsebail

Secretary General of the King Faisal Prize, Saudi Arabia

Dato’ Shahira Ahmed Bazari

Trustee and Managing Director, Yayasan Hasanah Foundation, Malaysia

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RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS

Diplomatic representatives from the following countries participated in activities related to the Centre or visited the Centre in Oxford during the year: Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, India, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Republic of Uzbekistan and Yemen.

ACADEMIC COLLABORATION WITH OVERSEAS INSTITUTIONS

The Centre continues to attach great importance to academic collaboration with institutions in the Muslim world and more widely. These include regular joint conferences with the Securities Commission, Malaysia. The Centre also signed Memorandum of Understanding on future cooperation with Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar, Tashkent State University of Law, Uzbekistan, International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Innovative Development, Uzbekistan and Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia.

ACADEMIC CONTACTS WITH OVERSEAS INSTITUTIONS

Contacts with academic and research institutions and foundations in a number of countries have been maintained. The Centre’s Visiting Fellowship and Scholarship Programmes continue to play a key role in the international outreach of the Centre. Since their inception these programmes have enabled scholars from over 50 countries to visit the Centre.

ACADEMIC CONTACTS WITH UK INSTITUTIONS

Scholars from different UK universities, foundations and research institutions participated in the Centre’s activities and presented papers at seminars, conferences and workshops (see chapters 2 and 4).

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Chapter Eleven

NATIONAL OUTREACH

The Centre has continued to play an active role locally, nationally and internationally in accordance with the guidance of its Strategy Advisory Committee. It has been enabled to do so thanks to the interest and support of many people from different areas of public life.

OUTREACH TO SCHOOLS AND EDUCATORS

The Centre’s Mosque has an active and well-received educational outreach programme for schools. Primary and secondary school children from local and national schools are invited to visit the Centre for an enjoyable out-of-classroom learning experience about the faith, practices, and values of Islam. This programme is led by Caroline O’Connor, an experienced school teacher with advanced training in educational practice and management. Over the years, the Mosque has hosted over 125 school visits, and the programme has received both encouraging feedback and increasing interest.

In March 2023, the Centre once again hosted an Access Day with Trinity College and Jesus College, Oxford, for 60 young women of Pakistani and Bangladeshi heritage from state schools, along with their teachers. This included lectures by members of Oxford University followed by a tour of the Centre and an opportunity to interact with Centre members over an informal lunch to encourage them to apply to Oxford.

OUTREACH TO THE LOCAL PUBLIC: OPEN DAYS

The Centre participates actively in the University ‘Open Doors’ event in September, when the building is open to the public. In addition, visitors are very welcome to visit The Prince of Wales Garden every Tuesday (4pm-6pm). The Prince of Wales Garden was also opened on the day of the coronation of HM King Charles III.

OUTREACH TO THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY

The Centre’s Mosque is open to all at the times of the daily prayers.

In November, the Centre hosted an International Muslim Military delegation as part of a five-day conference on ‘Faith, security and international rules based order’ organised by the Ministry of Defence. The delegation comprised individuals from around 12 different countries including Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Australia, Canada, Kenya, France, Netherlands, Bosnia and Kosovo among others, had senior imams and religious leaders holding ranks of Captains and Major Generals.

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The Young Muslim Leadership Programme continues to attract talented British Muslims from varied backgrounds.

OUTREACH TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire, the High Sheriff, and Lord Mayor of Oxford, as well as a number of local Councillors, have participated in areas of Centre activities.

OUTREACH TO PARLIAMENTARIANS

Many members of both Houses of Parliament have continued to participate in our major events, including lecture series and the Young Muslim Leadership Programme.

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Chapter Twelve

THE MOSQUE

The Mosque continues to provide a welcoming and tranquil environment for private and collective worship. It is open to Centre members at all times and has been welcoming students and members of the public more generally for the daily congregational prayers. The Friday prayer is attended by a large and often capacity congregation of men and women. Over the years, it has continued to see steady growth in numbers. The imminent gradual opening of residential provision in the Centre is likely to see further increase in the number of regular attendees of the Mosque.

The Mosque Committee meets quarterly and oversees the management of the Mosque’s operations. The Imam, Ibrahim Mohammad Amin, is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Mosque and for leading the prayers. He is assisted by the Mosque Assistant, Muhammad Sahil.

Ramadan is a characteristically busy time for the Mosque. Over the years, the Centre has established a tradition of inviting a qari of international acclaim for Ramadan to assist the Imam in the tarawih prayers. Imam Furqan Fawwaz of Malaysia was hosted by the Centre during Ramadan 1444/2023. As usual, tarawih prayers saw capacity congregation in the Mosque throughout Ramadan, drawn from all parts of Oxford and even farther afield.

The educational provision of the Mosque consists of a range of courses in Qur’anic recitation, offered to university students and the wider public. The long-standing course in Qur’anic Arabic has since the last two years been complemented by a beginner-level course on Qur’anic recitation. Both courses run annually over 25 weeks and remain highly popular. They are currently taught by Muhammad Sahil, who has received advanced training in the theory, practice and pedagogy of tajwid . A further course on the fundamentals of Islamic worship is currently being designed and will be implemented in due course following necessary review.

The Mosque also has an active and well-received educational outreach programme for schools. Primary and secondary school children from local and national schools are invited to visit the Centre for a structured and informative out-of-classroom learning experience about the faith, practices and values of Islam. This programme is led by Caroline O’Connor, an experienced school teacher with advanced training in educational practice and management. Over the years, the Mosque has hosted over 125 school visits. There has been increasing interest in the programme and it has received positive feedback.

The Mosque also hosts regular guided tours for the wider local community as well as for Centre visitors and guests. This provides a good opportunity for visitors to learn more about the mosque, Islamic faith and culture.

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The Imam actively participates in various Access programmes organised by the University and various student societies, designed to encourage students from underrepresented and underprivileged backgrounds to apply to Oxford. Visits to the Centre by prospective students are particularly valued by them and their parents. The Imam also hosts regular interactive tours of the Mosque by students receiving teacher training in Religious Studies and Philosophy. The Mosque also hosts an annual Freshers’ Dinner for Oxford students.

The Imam is a member of the University’s Chaplaincy Forum. Its members meet termly to discuss issues related to the pastoral care and welfare needs of students. As a Muslim chaplain to students and members of the University, the Imam has hosted a number of student groups and members of the Chaplaincy Forum for guided tours of the Centre as well as discussions on faith-related matters. The Imam also sits on the University’s Muslim Prayer Room Committee, which manages the Muslim Prayer Room provided by the University.

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Chapter Thirteen

THE LIBRARY

The Centre’s Kuwait Library has continued to grow over the past academic year, with new acquisitions, an increasing number of visitors, and continued collaboration with partners from within Oxford and worldwide.

The Collection

The collection now stands at 47,961 catalogued items, of which approximately 20,000 volumes are unique to the Centre’s Library and are not available elsewhere in Oxford. The collection is comprised of 19,706 English, 16,029 Arabic, 6,811 Urdu and 1,959 Persian items.

Cataloguing of the private library of the late Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth, comprising 3,147 books in English, Arabic and Persian, and particularly rich in material on Iran and Central Asia, is now complete and fully integrated into the Library’s general collection.

In early 2020, the Library acquired a collection of more than 600 titles, mostly in Arabic and English, dealing with Islamic studies and history, with a particular focus on law, education, and medieval history. Work on processing this collection is complete.

As to the two major collections acquired in 2019: that of Sheikh ‘Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghuddah, and Professor K. A. Nizami, all 11,235 items have now been catalogued in the Nizami collection and are fully searchable on SOLO, the University’s online catalogue. Work still continues on the Abu Ghuddah collection and 3,751 items have been catalogued to date. Both collections will remain as discrete collections in the Library’s Special Collections Room, and the catalogued items are available to readers upon request.

In May 2023, the Library acquired a new resource of some 500 academic books on Islam and Muslim societies in Africa, primarily West Africa, from Professor Louis Brenner’s private collection. Professor Brenner is Emeritus Professor of the History of Religion in Africa, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. A recent survey of books held by the Kuwait Library on Islam in Africa confirmed that our holdings in this subject area are extremely meagre, particularly on sub-Saharan Africa. Professor Brenner’s library will therefore be a valuable addition to our holdings and, more generally, to the holdings of the Bodleian Libraries as a whole.

Staffing

There have been several changes in the Library staff.

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In May 2023 we appointed a new full-time Librarian, Ms Wassilena Sekulova, who has spent the last five years as Head of Manuscripts and Archives at Qatar National Library. She is also familiar with the Bodleian Libraries and its library management system; she spent two years in the collection management team where she was responsible for acquisitions and cataloguing material in Oriental and Slavonic languages. Ms Wassilena has two postgraduate degrees, one in Library and Information Sciences and one in Arabic Studies and Egyptology. Her experience in managing a team of manuscript specialists and in organizing exhibitions will be very useful for planning any forthcoming projects.

Dr Dinah Manisty continued in the Library as an adviser for three months to ensure a smooth handover later this summer. Dr Manisty served as the Centre’s Librarian since August 2016. During her tenure the Library has expanded its collections substantially from 15,000 catalogued items to nearly 50,000. She has very ably led the library team that worked hard to make the collections available on Oxford University’s online catalogue.

Ms Dalia Abdelwahed has been promoted to Senior Assistant Librarian and has taken on the role of the day-to-day management of the Library. She is also responsible for the cataloguing of the Arabic collections, including the Abu Ghuddah collection, and is an active member of the Library Reader Services team.

Dr Nouri Muhammad serves as our Library Assistant, helping especially in the processing and maintenance of the Arabic collection. He has also been responsible for updating the spreadsheets of the Library’s collection of digital manuscripts. He has played a central part in completing the processing of the Nizami Collection, which is now fully catalogued and searchable.

Mr Huzaifah Ismail, a PhD candidate at the School of Oriental and African Studies, joined the Library team in 2020 in order to carry out the cataloguing of the Library’s growing Urdu collections which he has almost completed, having catalogued nearly 7,000 items so far. In January 2023 Huzaifah was appointed Library Assistant for another year during which he will complete the Urdu cataloguing of the Urdu collection.

At the end of August 2022, Ms Julia Wagner, former Senior Assistant Librarian, decided to move on. During the six years Ms Wagner was with us, she contributed in many ways to the library, especially with respect to reader services, cataloguing in English and other Western languages, and in promoting active cooperation with colleagues across the Bodleian libraries.

Dr Moin Ahmad Nizami continues in his role as Fellow Librarian and Fellow Archivist.

Committees

The continued development of the Centre’s Library owes much to the efforts of two internal committees, and the participation of Library staff in Bodleian and national library committees.

The Library Acquisitions Committee is responsible for planning the strategic growth of the collection, through donations and purchases of collections and individual works that further the

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objectives and tenor of the Library as a specialist collection. A Collections Development Policy prepared by the Librarian has been agreed in consultation with other members of the Committee.

The Library Management Committee meets once a term to discuss management of the collections and reader services. The Library team also meets every Tuesday to discuss any outstanding issues.

The Librarian is a member of the Archives Committee which meets once a term. The Librarian has liaised with the Fellow Librarian and Fellow Archivist in developing policies that would govern the management and access to the Archives, Private Papers, Manuscripts and Special Collections. They are also working on acquisition guidelines for any potential future deposits.

Library staff members attend committees run by the Bodleian Libraries including CLiPS-AMES (Committee on Library Provision and Strategy in Asian and Middle Eastern Studies), MELIBOX (Middle East Librarians Oxford), and the once-termly Cataloguers’ Forum. They also attend the national committee, MELCOM (Middle East Libraries Committee).

Cataloguing

The number of items catalogued between May 2022 and May 2023 is 9,005.

The staff continue to focus on clearing the backlog in the stacks, now being created as the Special Collections Room, and as a third reading room for researchers to consult the recently acquired private collections. Duplicates, overflow of general collections, and journal runs are all in the process of being rationalised and re-housed.

The Library also continues its deduplication and weeding out exercise in order to free up space for its expanding collection.

The Library team is now preparing for the forthcoming change of the integrated library system, managed by the University’s Bodleian Libraries, from Aleph to Alma, due to take place in August this year (postponed for a year by the Bodleian due to technical configuration problems). Staff training has begun this May and several sessions will be held before the new system goes live on 24th August 2023. Alma, a more flexible system including for users of non-Western scripts, will replace an ageing application which has no solution for managing digital and electronic resources.

Special collections

Much work has been done on the Special Collections during the past year on several fronts. Cataloguing work on the Sheikh Abu Ghuddah collections is ongoing. The archiving of the Nizami private papers has now been completed by the Fellow Archivist, and it is intended in the coming years that the Library will achieve a similar level of archiving for the Bosworth and Abu Ghuddah private collections. Professor Bosworth’s papers have been sorted and an initial handlist has been prepared.

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Infrastructure

The Manuscript Room, known as the Timbuktu Room, is now fully equipped. It houses 360 manuscripts in Persian and Arabic belonging to the Nizami Collection, and another six boxes of Arabic manuscripts from the Sheikh Abu Ghuddah collection, that are still to be processed. Work on the conservation of manuscripts is ongoing under the auspices of the Oxford Conservation Consortium (OCC).

The Centre also received a generous donation of 2000 digitised manuscripts from Professor Abdullah Al-Ghunaim. A dedicated and secured PC has been installed for consulting digital manuscripts.

The Special Collections Reading Room has been equipped with reading spaces, and will be open to postgraduates and other researchers upon completion of the cataloguing of the Special Collections.

Readers

Reader numbers continue to grow steadily and the library is open from 9am to 7pm during term time and from 9am to 5pm out of term.

Knowledge exchange and outreach

The Librarian continues to engage with the Consortium of Oxford Archivists, an active group for sharing knowledge and best practice for the management of archives and personal papers. With the recent acquisition of three private libraries, two of which include archives, this shared knowledge continues to be valuable to the Kuwait Library.

The Library remains a member of the Oxford Conservation Consortium. This provides the Library with access to specialist conservation care from the OCC team.

Library Lecture

The Library Lecture was given by Dr Mariam Rosser-Owen, Curator Middle East, Asia Department, Victoria and Albert Museum in London. She spoke on ‘Crafting medieval Spain: the Torrijos ceiling at the Victoria and Albert Museum’.

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Chapter Fourteen

THE GARDENS

Tmaintenance has ensured that improvements were sustained into the Spring of 2023. he Centre’s gardens have continued to mature and the nature of planting and quality of

The challenges posed by climate change

Climate change is beginning to impact significantly on the weather in the UK, and current predictions suggest that summers will be hotter and drier and winters warmer and wetter. Planting designed for the typical UK climate is rapidly becoming unfit for purpose, and that in the gardens of the Centre is no exception. While our initial response has been to improve our watering systems and replant with species used to drier conditions, we should now perhaps be looking at species from more tropical climates, of which monsoons or heavy rains are a key feature. Over the next year the Centre will be working with experts to develop a new spectrum of planting reflecting this change in climate. This will not happen overnight, but we will slowly introduce species more amenable to extreme weather events, as well as modifying our watering and drainage system to improve water economy in dry periods, and to prevent flooding during heavy rain.

More immediately, the installation of additional porous hoses in the gardens is planned over the coming months. This, involves the siting of so-called ‘seep’ hoses running from existing water risers in the northern border of The Prince of Wales Garden, the principal bed in the Trustees’ Garden and the bed running along the railings in the Istanbul Courtyard. The operation of these systems will be automatic and will release the garden staff for other essential work during the summer.

Recent progress in the Gardens

The new Italian cypresses (Cupressus sempervirens) planted in the Rose Garden by the University Parks team over the summer of 2022 are developing well. This first year after planting is always a critical stage in the development of sizeable trees – particularly as these cypresses are essentially growing in containers sunk into the paving of the Rose Garden. Likewise, the remedial work carried out on the frequently water-logged yew (Taxus baccata) hedge bordering the Southern Driveway seems to have worked well. This involved replacing four yew trees, all of which are now thriving with no further flooding of the soil. The yew hedges bordering the northern and western aspects of the Prince of Wales Garden were also trimmed in the spring and are now in excellent shape. These hedges have had a very chequered history, with areas of soil and plants having to be dug out and replaced on more than one occasion. This work seems to have been to good effect and the hedges, as originally intended, now provide a continuous and effective screen between the Prince

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of Wales Garden and Trustees’ Gardens, and of course the magnificent treeline of the Magdalen College Fellows’ Garden.

Garden highlights

In the late spring of both 2022 and 2023 the planting of yellow cowslips and blue camassias in the sunken region of the Prince of Wales Garden has been spectacular. The main flowering in this area varies from year to year, but in 2022 the theme throughout the summer was red and purple, set off against the intense blue of the cornflowers. This planting has proved a magnet for insect life, and it is encouraging to see a year on year increase in the bee population.

The Daphne Garden and Western Border both came into their own in the spring, with a range of early-flowering daphnes, followed by drifts of spring flowers between the commemorative native trees planted by friends of the Centre.

In the King Fahd Quad, the summer of 2022 saw the swansong of the dramatic purple salvias (Salvia amistad), set against a backdrop of damask roses, red peonies and blue agapanthus. The salvias fell victim to the severe frosts of the winter, and have been replaced by Persian roses (Rosa persica) for 2023.

Once again the Fellows’ Garden has proved to be the ‘hidden jewel’ of the Centre, featuring Lady Banks' rose (Rosa banksiae) and quince (Chaenomeles japonica) in the spring and, later in the season, Mexican orange blossom (Choysia ternata), lilies, chocolate vine (Akebia quinata), roses and hydrangeas.

Staff changes in the Gardens

Tom Bartlett, who managed the University Parks team that maintained the Centre’s gardens during and since the COVID-19 lockdown, is sadly leaving the University. He is to be warmly congratulated on his new post of manager of a large private estate. The Centre is fortunate that he has been replaced by Deborah Wilce, who has taken over all aspects of management of the University Parks team. Deborah has been with the University Parks for some time and has a very wide range of expertise. She has made a brisk start, both developing planting plans for the King Fahd Courtyard and reviewing the efficiency of the Centre’s watering systems.

Open days at the Gardens

As mentioned in last year’s report, visitors are very welcome to visit The Prince of Wales Garden every Tuesday (4pm–6pm). In addition, the Centre participates actively in the University ‘Open Doors’ event in September, when the entire site is open to the public. The Prince of Wales Garden was also opened on the day of the coronation of our Patron, now King Charles III.

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Chapter Fifteen

GOVERNANCE OF THE CENTRE

The Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies is incorporated by Royal Charter dated 20 April 2012 and is a Registered Charity No 293072.

PATRON

His Majesty King Charles III

THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES

During the year under review the following served as members of the Board of Trustees:

HRH PRINCE TURKI AL-FAISAL: Chair, King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, Riyadh (Chair)

HRH SULTAN NAZRIN SHAH: Sultan of Perak, Malaysia (Vice-Chair)

HIS EMINENCE MUHAMMAD SA’AD ABUBAKAR, Sultan of Sokoto, Nigeria

HE SHEIKHA HIND BINT HAMAD AL-THANI, Vice Chairperson and CEO, Qatar Foundation (since 20 August 2022)

MR KHALID ALIREZA: Executive Director, Xenel Industries Ltd, Saudi Arabia

TAN SRI ZARINAH ANWAR, Chairman of the Institute of Corporate Directors Malaysia

SIR MARTIN DONNELLY KCB, former Permanent Secretary at the Department of International Trade

RT HON DOMINIC GRIEVE KC, former Attorney-General for England and Wales

HE DR ABDULLAH GÜL: 11th President of the Republic of Turkey

• HE MR M JUSUF KALLA, Former Vice President of Indonesia (until 20 March 2023 and thereafter Emeritus Trustee)

PROFESSOR RASHID NAIM, Department of Political Science, George State University, USA

PROFESSOR ULRIKE ROESLER, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Oxford

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HE DR SHAIKH MOHAMMED AL-SABAH: Former Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Kuwait

DR CATHERINE SWALES, Director of Clinical Studies, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford

Emeritus Trustees

PROFESSOR KEITH B. GRIFFIN: Former President, Magdalen College, Oxford

HE MR M JUSUF KALLA, Former Vice President of Indonesia (from 20 March 2023)

PROFESSOR MUHAMMAD RABAY NADWI: Rector, Nadwat-ul-Ulama, India (deceased 13 April 2023)

DR ABDULLAH OMAR NASSEEF: Former President, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah

ENGINEER ALI SUHEIMAT, Former Deputy Prime Minister, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

PEHIN ABDULAZIZ UMAR: Former Minister of Education, Brunei Darussalam

Secretary to the Board of Trustees

DR FARHAN AHMAD NIZAMI, CBE: Fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford

The 40th meeting of the Board was held in Oxford on 8 September 2022.

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COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD

There are three sub-committees of the Trustees which review academic, financial and strategic policies of the Centre and advise the Board accordingly.

The Academic Committee

The remit of the Committee is to review all aspects of the academic policy of the Centre decided by the Board of Trustees, and to make recommendations to the Board of Trustees.

The 37[th] meeting of the Committee was held in Oxford on 16 March 2023.

The Finance and Investment Committee

The remit of the Committee is to review all aspects of the Centre’s finance and investment policy, and to make recommendations to the Board of Trustees.

The 65[th] meeting of the Committee was held in Oxford on 16 March 2023.

The Strategy and Planning Committee

The remit of the Committee is to review all aspects of the Centre’s strategic aims and policies, and to make recommendations to the Board of Trustees.

The 58[th] meeting of the Committee was held in Oxford on 16 March 2023.

ADVISORY COMMITTEES

The advancement of the Centre’s activities at the local, national and international levels is assisted by the following advisory committees.

The Strategy Advisory Committee

The Strategy Advisory Committee reviews and advises on all aspects of the Centre’s activities that improve its resources and have wider benefits for British society. The members of the Committee are:

HRH Prince Turki Al-Faisal (Chair) The Rt Hon Sir Clive Alderton, KCVO The Rt Hon Jack Straw The Rt Revd and Rt Hon The Lord Williams of Oystermouth DD FBA The Rt Hon Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers KG PC The Rt Hon Andrew Mitchell MP Dr Farhan Nizami, CBE

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The International Academic Advisory Committee

The purpose of this Committee is to sustain and advance the Centre’s global network of contacts with scholars and institutions. During the year under review, its membership was:

Dr Usman Bugaje Former Special Advisor to the President of Nigeria

Professor François Burgat

National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France

Professor Rahma Al-Mahrooqi Minister of Education, Sultanate of Oman

Professor Abdullah Y. Al-Ghunaim Chairman, Centre for Kuwait Studies

Sir Jeremy Greenstock

Former UK Permanent Representative at the United Nations

Dr Carole Hillenbrand

Professor Emerita of Islamic History, University of Edinburgh and Professor of Islamic History, University of St Andrews

Dr Khalid Al-Khalifa (deceased 1 January 2023) Deputy Chairman, Isa Cultural Center, Kingdom of Bahrain

Mr Salman Khurshid Former Foreign Minister, India

Professor Bruce Lawrence Professor Emeritus, Duke University, USA

Dr Marty Natalegawa Former Foreign Minister, Indonesia

Dr Driss Oaouicha

Former Minister for Education and Scientific Research, Morocco

Dr Don Randel Former President, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Shaikh Mohamed Al-Thani Former Minister of Economy and Commerce, Qatar

Mr Sodiq Safoyev

First Deputy Chairman, Senate of Oliy Majlis, Uzbekistan

The Committee last met on 28 September 2022.

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Academic Advisory Committee

Each Term this Committee reviews and assists the Centre’s contribution to teaching and research. During the year under review, its membership was:

Dr Farhan Nizami (Chair) Director, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies

Dr Silke Ackermann Director, History of Science Museum

Professor Christopher Adam Oxford Department of International Development

Professor Judith Buchanan Master, St Peter’s College

Mr Tom Fletcher Principal, Hertford College, Oxford

Dame Helen Ghosh Master, Balliol College, Oxford

Professor Roger Goodman Warden, St Antony’s College

Mr Robert Hannigan Warden, Wadham College

Professor Robert Iliffe Chair, History Faculty Board, Oxford University

Mr Richard Makepeace Registrar, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies

Dr Mark Pobjoy Senior Tutor Advisor, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies

Dinah Rose KC President, Magdalen College, Oxford

Professor William Wood Faculty of Theology and Religion, Oxford University

The Investment Advisory Committee

This Committee has responsibility for monitoring the performance of the Trust’s investment managers, ensuring their compliance with the mandate under which they operate, and making recommendations regarding the management of the Trust’s investments. During the year under review, its membership was:

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Dr Farhan Nizami (Chair) Director, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies

Professor Muhammad Meki Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Fellow in Islamic Finance, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies

Mr Akber Moawalla Russell Wood Ltd

Dr Basil Mustafa Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies

Mr Ziad Tayara Xenel Industries Ltd

Tan Sri Azman Mokhtar Chairman, Lembaga Tabung Haji Malaysia

SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

The Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies continues to have sole ownership of the following subsidiary companies:

• OXCIS Ltd

• Oxford Endeavours Ltd

Oxford Endeavours Ltd has sole ownership of:

• Oxford Real Estate Ltd

• Oxford Islamic Finance Ltd

PROFESSIONAL ADVISERS

Solicitors

Blake Morgan LLP Seacourt Tower, West Way, Botley Oxford

Bird & Bird

12 New Fetter Lane, London

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Bankers and Investment Managers

Barclays Bank PLC Oxford City Centre Branch

National Westminster Bank PLC Oxford City Centre Branch

Allianz Global Investors Europe 155 Bishopsgate, London

Julius Baer International Ltd 1 St Martin’s Le Grand, London

CCLA Investment Management Senator House, 85 Queen Victoria Street, London

Cazenove Capital King Charles House, Park End Street, Oxford

Accountants and Auditors

Wenn Townsend Chartered Accountants, 30 St Giles, Oxford

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Chapter Sixteen

MEMBERSHIP OF THE CENTRE

DIRECTOR

Dr Farhan Ahmad Nizami, CBE, MA (Aligarh), MA, DPhil (Oxon); Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; Emeritus Fellow of St Cross College; Member of the Faculty of History and of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Oxford. Prince of Wales Fellow in the Study of the Islamic World

FELLOWS

The following held Fellowships at the Centre:

Dr Afifi Al-Akiti, BA (Belfast), MA, MSt, DPhil (Oxon); Islamic Centre Lecturer in the Faculty of Theology, University of Oxford; Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford; Member of the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies. Kuwait Fellow in Islamic Studies

Maulana Ibrahim Amin Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi Fellow Imam

Dr Talal Al-Azem, BA (Michigan), MSt, DPhil (Oxon); Islamic Centre Lecturer in the Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford (on leave) Mohamed Noah Fellow

Professor Sir David Clary, BSc (Sussex), PhD, ScD (Cantab); Honorary Fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford

King Salman bin Abdul Aziz Fellow

Dr Cailah Jackson, MA (SOAS), MSt, DPhil (Oxon) (until 13 October 2022) Junior Research Fellow, Wolfson College, Oxford Salem and Bakr bin Ladin Junior Research Fellow

Professor Shahid Jameel BSc (AMU), MSc (IIT Kanpur), PhD (Washington State); Research Fellow, Green Templeton College, Oxford Sultan Qaboos bin Said Fellow

Mr Richard Makepeace CMG, MA (Oxon); Fellow of St Cross College, Oxford. (Registrar until 23 June 2023)

Azman Hashim Fellow in International Relations

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Professor Adeel Malik, MPhil, DPhil (Oxon); Associate Professor and Islamic Centre Lecturer in the Economies of Muslim Societies, Department of International Development, University of Oxford; Research Fellow of St Peter’s College, Oxford Globe Fellow in the Economies of Muslim Societies

Professor Mohammad Meki, BSc (Warwick), PGDip (Cantab), MSc (LSE), MSc, DPhil (Oxon); Associate Professor and Islamic Centre Lecturer in Islamic Finance, Department of International Development, University of Oxford Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Fellow in Islamic Finance

Dr Asma Mustafa, BA (Reading), MPhil, DPhil (Oxon); Senior Research Fellow, Linacre College, Oxford

Salahuddin Abdul Jawad Fellow

Dr Moin Nizami, MA (Aligarh), PhD (Cantab); Member of the Faculty of History, University of Oxford

Tun Abdul Razak Fellow

Baroness Hale of Richmond, DBE, MA (Cantab) Sultan Azlan Shah Fellow

ARABIC LECTOR

Mrs Sara Youssef, BA (Al-Azhar), MA (AUC) Kuwait Lector in Arabic

DEPARTMENTAL LECTURER

Mr Muhammad Sami, MSc (Oxon), MA (AUC)

Departmental Lecturer, Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford (from October 2023)

SENIOR ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

The following were Senior Associate Members during the academic year 2022/23:

Professor Hugh Dickinson, MA (Oxon), PhD, DSc (Birmingham) (Garden Master)

Lady English, MA, MB, BChir (Cantab), MRCP, FRCPsych; Former Principal of St Hilda’s College, Oxford.

Professor Paul Madden, FRS, FRSE, Former Provost, The Queen’s College, Oxford

Dr Basil Mustafa, MSc (Leeds), PhD (Loughborough), MEd (Oxon

Mr Jeremy Jones, MA (Cantab)

Mr Joss Saunders, MA (Oxon)

Mr Richard Makepeace CMG, MA (Oxon) (from June 2023)

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Professor Mohammad Talib, MA, PhD (Jamia Millia Islamia)

VISITING FELLOWS

During the year under review, the following were in residence:

Dr Asaad Alsaleh, PhD (Arkansas) Indiana University, Bloomington Visiting Fellow

Dr Irina Katkova, PhD (St Petersburg Institute of Oriental Studies) St Petersburg State University Abdul Aziz al-Mutawa Visiting Fellow

Professor Adil Najam, BSc (UET, Lahore), S.M., S.M., PhD (MIT) Boston University Mahathir Mohamad Visiting Fellow

Mr Marty Natalegawa, BSc (LSE), MPhil (Cantab), PhD (ANU) Former Foreign Minister, Indonesia Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Visiting Fellow

Tan Sri Abdul Wahid Omar Chairman, Bursa Malaysia, formerly Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department, Malaysia Sultan bin Abdulaziz Visiting Fellow

Dr Bashir Saade, BA (American University of Beirut), MSc (LSE), PhD (KCL) University of Stirling Visiting Fellow

Dr Fatima Sel Turhan, BA, PhD (Bogazici) Istanbul Technical University Mohammad bin Ladin Visiting Fellow

Mr Hassan Usman, BSc (Ahmadu Bello), FCA (Institute of Chartered Accounts of Nigeria), FCIB (Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria) Jaiz Bank PLC

Hamad bin Jasim Visiting Fellowship

Dr Marta Wieczorek, MA, PhD (Lodz) Zayed University Visiting Fellow

The following elections were made to Visiting Fellowships for 2023/24:

Dr Nor Asiah Omar, BBA (IIUM), MBA (UNITAR), DPhil (UiTM) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Visiting Fellow

Professor Zekirija Sejdini, BTh (Marmara), MTh (Marmara), PhD (Heidelberg) University of Innsbruck

Mohammad bin Ladin Visiting Fellow

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Dr Fouad Hassaan, MSc (California, Davis), MPH (North Carolina, CH), MBBS (Sana'a University, Yemen) Thani Bin Abdullah Bin Thani Al-Thani Humanitarian Fund Visiting Fellow

Dr Md Abdullah Al Masum, BA (Chittagong), MA (Chittagong), MPhil (Chittagong), PhD (Jadavpur) University of Chittagong Abdul Aziz al-Mutawa Visiting Fellow

Dr Kamala Imranli-Lowe, Hons Dip. (Baku State), PhD (Birmingham) University of Oxford Visiting Fellow

OCIS–SC VISITING FELLOWS IN ISLAMIC FINANCE

In residence during 2022/23:

Dr Kinan Salim, BSc (Damascus), MSc (AABFS), CIFP, MSc, PhD (INCEIF) INCEIF

SC-OCIS Visiting Fellow in Islamic Finance

The appointment to the SC–OCIS Visiting Fellowship for 2023–24 will be confirmed next month.

CHEVENING VISITING FELLOWS

During the year under review, the following Chevening Visiting Fellows were in residence at the Centre:

Ms Reem Alfurjani, BArch (Nottingham), MA (Cardiff) Chevening Fellow (Libya)

Ms Shalini Amerasinghe Ganendra, BA (Cambridge), LLM (Columbia Law School) Chevening Fellow (Malaysia)

Dr Husain Radjapov, BA (Tashkent State University of Law), MA (Nagoya), PhD (Kobe) Tashkent State University of Law Chevening Fellow (Uzbekistan)

Dr Guzden Varinlioglu, B Arch (Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi), MA, PhD (Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent Üniversitesi) Izmir University of Economics Abdullah Gül Chevening Fellow (Turkey)

The following elections have been made to Chevening Visiting Fellowships for 2023/24:

Dr Melike Batgiray Abboud, BA (Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi), MA (Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent Üniversitesi), PhD (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) Abdullah Gül Chevening Fellow (Turkey)

Dr Oumama Emad Hamasha, BA, MA (University of Jordan), PhD (Birmingham) Chevening Fellow (Jordan)

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Dr Mohammed Faiz bin Shaul Hamid, BSc (Albstadt-Sigmaringen Fachhochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft), PhD (University Malaya) Chevening Fellow (Malaysia)

Dr Ahmed Rabie, BA, LLM, PhD (Al-Azhar) Chevening Fellow (Egypt)

VISITING RESEARCH FELLOWS

During the year under review, the following Visiting Research Fellows were in residence at the Centre:

Dr Amal Al-Hashimi, BSc, MD (SQU) Neuroscience Directorate, Khoula Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat Oman Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Mohammed Allehbi, BSBA (Prince Sultan), MA (Chicago), PhD (Vanderbilt) Vanderbilt University Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Amin Alshangiti, BA, MA (Islamic University of Madinah), PhD (Durham), SEP (Stanford) Islamic University of Madinah Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Diana Galeeva, LLB (Kazan Federal), MA (Exeter), PhD (Durham) Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Müge Sağlam Bezgin, PhD (Anadolu) Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Nour-Eddine Qaouar, BA, MA (Dar El-Hadith El-Hassania Institute for Higher Islamic Studies, Morocco), PhD (Mohammed V University) Imam Tirmizi Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Tanzil Rahman, BEc (SocSc), LLB (Sydney), DPhil (Oxon) Oxford University Centre for the Environment Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Raja Adnan Razzaq, BA (Gordon College, Rawalpindi), MSc, DPhil, PhD (Quaid-iAzam) National Defence University, Islamabad Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Suja Sawafta, BA (North Carolina, Greensboro), MA (North Carolina, Chapel Hill), DPhil (Oxon) University of Miami Visiting Research Fellow

Dr Vera-Simone Schulz, MA, PhD (HU Berlin) Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florence: Max-Planck-Institut Visiting Research Fellow

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Dr Aziza Shanazarova, BA (Tashkent), MA (Tashkent), MA (Indiana-Bloomington), PhD (Indiana-Bloomington) Columbia University Visiting Research Fellow

The following elections were made to Visiting Research Fellowships for 2023/4:

Professor Fadoua El-Heziti, BA (University Abdul-Malik al-Saadi), PhD (Seville) Hassan II University, Morocco

Imam Tirmizi Visiting Research Fellow

Professor Ma Zhanming, Bacc. (Islamic University of Medina), LLM (IIUM), PhD (IIUM) Guangzhou University

Visiting Research Fellow

RESEARCH ASSISTANTS

During the year under review the following Research Assistant was in residence:

Dr Sara Kadir, BSc (KCL), MSc (UCL), MA (SOAS), PhD (Aberdeen) (until 31 March 2023)

ACADEMIC VISITORS

During the year under review the following Academic Visitor was in residence:

Professor Mohammad Waseem, MA (Lahore), PhD (SOAS)

Lahore University of Management Sciences

Academic Visitor

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TRUST AND CENTRE ADMINISTRATION

Registrar Mr Richard Makepeace CMG, MA (Oxon) (until June 2023)

Governance Advisor Mr Joss Saunders, MA (Oxon)

Human Resource Advisor Ms Emily Sharp MA (Oxon) MCIPD

Assistant Registrar Mr Gordon Brown (until June 2023) Mrs Sana Dogar, BSc (LUMS), Assoc CIPD (from June 2023)

Administrative Assistant Mrs Fardowsi Kazi (until July 2023)

Special Projects Officer (part-time) Ms Antonia Mansel-Long

Development

Capital Projects Officer (until January 2023) Mr Clive Naylor, BSc, Dip Arch (UCL), RIBA

Graduate Assistants

Ms Sawsene Nejjar, BA (Rabat), MA (Ifrane), DPhil (Oxon) (until July 2023) Mr Easa Saad, BEng, MPhil, (Cantab), MPhil, (Oxon), DPhil (Oxon)

Academic Office

Dean of Scholars Professor Paul Madden

Senior Tutor Advisor Dr Mark Pobjoy DPhil (Oxon)

Coordinator Visiting Fellowships Professor Shahid Jameel

Academic Administrator Mr Paul Churchill, MA, M.Litt. (St Andrews)

Academic Officer Mrs Elizabeth Imlah

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Publications

Consultant Dr Jamil Qureshi, BA, MA, DPhil (Oxon)

Senior Publications Officer Ms Eleanor Jones, BA, MA (Nottingham)

Library

Fellow Librarian Dr Moin Nizami

Librarian Ms Wassilena Sekulova, MA, (Berlin) Dr Dinah Manisty, PhD (SOAS) (until August 2023)

Senior Assistant Librarian Ms Dalia Abdelwahid, BA, MSc (Alexandria)

Library Assistants Dr Nouri Mohamed, PhD (Damascus) Mr Huzaifa Ismail, MA (SOAS)

Finance

Investment Bursar Professor Mohammad Meki, BSc (Warwick), PGDip (Cantab), MSc (LSE), MSc, DPhil (Oxon) Deputy Registrar Mr Richard Weyers, BA (Dunelm), MA (UCL)

Finance Manager

Mr Ovais Ziauddin, DipFin (Thames Valley), FCCA

Finance Assistant Isra Zamurd

Mosque

Imam Maulana Ibrahim Amin Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi Fellow

Mosque Educational Visits Officer Ms Caroline O’Connor

Mosque Assistant Maulana Muhammad Sahil

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HOME BURSARY

Acting Home Bursar Mr Ibrahim Amin

Bursary Assistant Ms Jennifer Kingham

Housekeeper Ms Joanna Twardowska

Garden Master

Professor Hugh Dickinson MA (Oxon), PhD, DSc (Birmingham)

IT

IT Manager

Mr Dale Lloyd, BSc (Leeds)

IT & AV Officer

Mr Yasir Ibrahim

Estates

Estates Manager Ms Ruth Mander, BSc Hons (until July 2023)

Facilities Maintenance Technician

Mr Kevin Coster (until June 2023)

Maintenance Assistant Mr Ethan Harris

Lodge

Senior Porter Mr Barry Green

Lodge Porters Mr Andrew Buchanan Mr Zouhir Hassein-Bey Mr Zia Hamid Mr Liam Kearns Mr Naser Khan Mr Ronny Rajendran Mr Bill River

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Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies Marston Road, Oxford OX3 0EE United Kingdom Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [e-mail] Incorporated by Royal Charter Registered Charity No: 293072

Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies

An institution for the advanced study of Islam and the Muslim world

Audited Accounts

2022 / 23

1

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Consolidated Financial Statements

for the year ended

31st March 2023

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES Charity number 293072

Trustees during the year

Secretary to the Board of Trustees

HRH Prince Turki Al Faisal (Chairman) HRH Sultan Nazrin Shah (Vice-Chair) HE Dr Abdullah Gul HE Dr Shaikh Mohammed Sabah Al Salem Al-Sabah HE Sheikha Hind Bint Hamad Al - Thani (since August 2022) HE Sultan Muhammad Saad Abubakar Rt Hon Dominic Grieve KC HE Muhammad Jusuf Kalla (until March 23) Tan Sri Datuk Zarinah Anwar Professor Catherine Swales Mr Khalid Alireza Professor Rashid Naim Professor Ulrike Roesler Sir Martin Donnelly KCB CMG Dr Farhan Ahmad Nizami

3

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Registered Office	Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies
	Marston Road
	Oxford
	OX3 0EE
Charity registration no	293072
Solicitors	Blake Morgan
	Seacourt Tower
	West Way
	Oxford
	OX2 0FB
Bankers	Barclays Bank Plc
	P.O. Box 858
	Oxford
	OX2 0XP
	NatWest Bank Plc
	43 Cornmarket Street
	Oxford
	OX1 3HA
Auditors	Wenn Townsend
	Chartered Accountants
	30 St Giles
	Oxford
	OX1 3LE
Investment advisors/brokers	Allianz Global Investors Europe
	155 Bishopsgate
	London
	EC2M 3AD
	Julius Baer International Ltd.
	1 St Martin’s Le Grand
	London
	EC1A 4AS
	CCLA
	Senator House
	85 Queen Victoria Street
	London
	EC4V 4ET
	Cazenove Capital
	Schroder & Co Limited
	1 London Wall Place
	London EC2Y 5AU

4

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Report of the Trustees

for the year ended 31st March 2023

The Trustees have pleasure in submitting the report and the accounts for the year ended 31st March 2023.

REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION

Details of the Trustees, Secretary to the Board of Trustees and Director, registered office address, and particulars of the charity's professional advisers are given on the previous two pages.

STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

Organisational structure

The Trustees have ultimate reponsibility for all aspects of the work of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, its academic, financial, investment policy and strategic direction. They have delegated the dayto-day management of the Centre to its Director, who operates through his departmental heads. The co-ordination of the work of the Centre is the responsibility of the Director.

The Trustees maintain contact with the Charity through the Director and the system of committees detailed in the Annual Report.

The Centre’s relationship with its subsidiaries is also detailed in the Annual Report.

Key Management Personnel

The Charity's Trustees and the senior management team comprises the key management personnel of the charity in charge of directing, controlling and running of the charity on a day to day basis. All Trustees give of their time freely and no Trustees received remuneration for their role in the year. The pay of the senior staff made up of the Director, Registrar, Home Bursar, Investment Bursar and Deputy Registrar is reviewed annually and increased in accordance with the cost of living increment agreed more widely in Oxford.

Governing Document

The Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies is governed in accordance with the Royal Charter granted on 20th April 2012 and the Statutes made under the Charter. It is registered as a charity number 293072, and is considered to have no liability to taxation on its income.

Trustees Induction and Training

Trustees are appointed by election in accordance with the Royal Charter and Statutes, serve for a term of five years and are eligible for re-election at the end of that period. The University of Oxford may nominate for election two of the Trustees (out of the maximum total of fourteen) and Trustees thus appointed also serve for a five year term.

The election of Trustees is preceded by consultation to ensure they are aware of the aims and objectives of the charity and their responsibilities.

Principal Risks and Uncertainities

The Trustees have assessed and continue to reassess the major risks to which the charity is exposed, in particular those related to the operations and finances of the Charity, and are satisfied that systems are in place to mitigate the charity's exposure to the major risks. Professional advice has been taken on all aspects of security, fire and health and safety at the Centre's new building. The Security, Fire, Health and Safety Policies are documented and reviewed annually. Training is provided as required. The Lodge is permanently manned. Staff are aware of safety procedures and a serious incident reporting procedure and register is in place. The Centre's IT system is managed securely and with necessary infrastructure safeguards in place. Insurances and preventative maintenance contracts are appropriate and fully up to date.

5

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Report of the Trustees for the year ended 31st March 2023

Related Party

The Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies owns four subsidiary companies namely Oxcis Limited, Oxford Endeavours Limited, Oxford Real Estate Limited and Oxford Islamic Finance Limited.

Consolidated accounts

For the financial period under review, consolidated accounts have been prepared to include the results of the wholly owned subsidiary companies of the Charity.

OBJECTIVES, ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE CHARITY

The sole purpose of the charity is to promote an understanding of Islam and the Islamic World, in accordance with the Royal Charter. The Trustees confirm that they have referred to the guidance contained in the Charity Commission's general guidance on public benefit when reviewing the Trust's aims and objectives and in planning future activities.The Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies is an academic institution which, by means of the pursuit of excellence in its teaching, research and publication, aims to promote a more informed understanding of the Islamic World. During the year under review the Centre maintained its teaching, research, publishing and outreach activities. The charity will continue to invest in assets that maximise capital growth and yield satisfactory income to fund development of the Centre. A more indepth review of the above is covered in the main Annual Report.

During the year the Centre building which is now complete was transferred to the main Charity.

FINANCIAL REVIEW

The financial position of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies is set out on pages 11 to 28 and the Trustees consider that satisfactory progress is being made towards the attainment of the charity's objectives.The performance of the investments portfolio and the results of the subsidiary companies are regarded as satisfactory.

Fund raising standards information

During the year under review the charity did not raise any funds directly from the public nor did it use professional fundraisers or involve commercial participants for the purposes of fund raising.

Investment powers and policy

The investment objective, as agreed by the Trustees, is to achieve sufficient capital and income growth, which over the long term will maintain the real value of the assets. The Trustees continue to review their Investment Policy which holds separate portfolios for the Investment and Reserves Funds. On near completion of the building project, the funds were rebalanced to reflect the level of reserves the Trustees felt were necessary to protect the Charity’s ongoing commitments. There are no specific restrictions on investments other than that they should be suitable for the Charity.

The Trustees appoint professional managers to manage investments on behalf of the charity. The activities of the investment managers are appraised periodically in terms of performance and compliance with their respective mandates which include social, environmental and ethical considerations. A list of investment managers in place are included on the information page.

6

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Report of the Trustees for the year ended 31st March 2023

Reserves policy

The policy of the Trustees is to use income fund to support the objects of the charity and also to accumulate the operating surpluses and necessary fixed assets, to build up a financial reserve of a sum equivalent to not more than nine months of general fund operating costs. The level of all reserves is monitored and reviewed by the Trustees at least once a year.

General reserves were in surplus at the year-end by £6,350,570 of this £1,988,125 was held as fixed assets, and £4,350,000 designated for specific future use as detailed in note 14, leaving £12,444 as free reserves in the general fund at the year end date. The Trustees aim to maintain reserves of not more than nine months expenditure c £3m, the trustees remain mindful that further substantial funds will need to be raised in the future to attain sufficient free reserves and operating surplus position in the general funds.

FUTURE PLANS

The immediate goal of the charity is to mobilise benefactions in order to endow its operational costs and expand its academic activities in support of its overall objectives.

Trustees' responsibilities statement

The trustees are responsible for preparing the Trustees’ Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

The law applicable to charities in England & Wales requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charity and of the incoming resources and application of resources of the charity for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the trustees are required to:

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP 2019 (FRS 102); make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charity will continue in operation.

The trustees are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charity and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Charities Act 2011 and the provisions of the trust deed. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the charity and financial information included on the charity’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Auditors

A resolution will be proposed to re-appoint the auditors at the forthcoming Annual Trustees meeting.

Signed on behalf of the Trustees on :

Trustee

Trustee

7

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Report of the Trustees for the year ended 31st March 2023

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies Charity (the ‘parent charity’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for the year ended 31st March 2023 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Financial Activities, the Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Charity Balance Sheet, the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

• give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and parent charity’s affairs as at 31st March 2023, and of the group’s incoming resources and application of resources for the year then ended;

• have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Charities Act 2011.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent charity in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the trustees' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group’s or parent charitable company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the trustees with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The trustees are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the trustees’ annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so,

consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves.

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

[continued …]

8

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Independent Auditors' Report for the year ended 31st March 2023

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 require us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• the information given in the financial statements is inconsistent in any material respect with the trustees’ report; or

• sufficient accounting records have not been kept; or

• the parent charity’s financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records; or

• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of trustees

As explained more fully in the trustees’ responsibilities statement set out on page 7, the trustees are responsible for the preparation of financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the trustees determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the trustees are responsible for assessing the group’s and parent charity’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the trustees either intend to liquidate the group or the parent charity or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

We have been appointed as auditor under section 151 of the Charities Act 2011 and report in accordance with regulations made under section 154 of that Act.

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The specific procedures for this engagement and the extent to which these are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below

• Enquiry of management, those charged with governance and the entity’s solicitors (or in-house legal team) around actual and potential litigation and claims;

• Enquiry of entity staff in tax and compliance functions to identify any instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations;

• Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with governance;

• Reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

• Performing audit work over the risk of management override of controls, including testing of journal entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating the business rationale of significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for bias;

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Independent Auditors' Report for the year ended 31st March 2023

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the charity’s trustees, as a body, in accordance with Part 4 of the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the charity’s trustees those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charity and the charity’s trustees as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Wenn Townsend, Statutory Auditor Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors 30 St Giles Oxford

………………………………. 2023

Wenn Townsend is eligible to act as an auditor in terms of section 1212 of the Companies Act 2006.

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Consolidated Statement of Financial

Activities for the year ended 31st March 2023

Note Income From: Donations and gifts Charitable Activities 5 Investment income 6 Total income Expenditure as: Cost of raising funds Costs of raising voluntary income Investment management fees Development Trust administration Charitable Activities Centre Fellowships and Scholarships Publications Conferences & Events Total expenditure 7 Net income / (expenses) for the year before transfers Transfer between funds 14 ( Losses ) / Gains on investment assets: 9 Net movement in funds in year Total funds brought forward Total funds carried forward 14	General and designated funds Restricted funds Endowment funds Total Funds 2023 Total Funds 2022 £ £ £ £ £ 2,141,114 - 26,450 2,167,564 2,961,671 148,134 - - 148,134 125,700 5,318 1,019 2,465,096 2,471,433 2,216,383
	2,294,566 1,019 2,491,546 4,787,131 5,303,754
	1,406 - - 1,406 1,114 - - 192,598 192,598 183,028 57,243 - - 57,243 76,844 64,173 - - 64,173 37,645
	122,822 - 192,598 315,420 298,631
	3,309,443 2,432,582 - 5,742,025 3,341,363 1,392,854 - - 1,392,854 1,376,853 94,744 - - 94,744 88,216 62,090 - - 62,090 16,183
	4,859,131 2,432,582 - 7,291,713 4,822,615
	4,981,953 2,432,582 192,598 7,607,133 5,121,246
	(2,687,387) (2,431,563) 2,298,948 (2,820,002) 182,508 2,465,096 - (2,465,096) - - - - (2,059,857) (2,059,857) 7,104,829
	(222,291) (2,431,563) (2,226,005) (4,879,859) 7,287,337 6,572,861 110,398,879 96,084,682 213,056,422 205,769,085
	6,350,570 107,967,316 93,858,677 208,176,563 213,056,422

Detailed comparative information is shown in Note 19

None of the trust's activities was acquired or discontinued during the above financial year.

There are no other recognised gains or losses in the above financial years.

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Consolidated Balance Sheet

at 31st March 2023

Note Fixed assets Tangible assets 8 Investments 9 Current assets Debtors 10 Cash at bank Creditors Amounts falling due within one year 11 Net current assets / (liabilities) Provision for liabilities and charges Pension scheme liability 12 Net assets Funds 14	General and designated funds Restricted funds Endowment funds Total Funds 2023 Total Funds 2022 £ £ £ £ £ 1,988,126 107,949,799 5,618,393 115,556,318 117,621,460 4,652,567 - 87,229,584 91,882,151 95,078,577
	6,640,693 107,949,799 92,847,977 207,438,469 212,700,038
	337,103 - 391,705 728,808 469,958 681,322 415,100 852,522 1,948,944 1,156,836
	1,018,425 415,100 1,244,227 2,677,752 1,626,794
	(451,548) (397,583) (233,527) (1,082,658) (532,410)
	566,877 17,517 1,010,700 1,595,093 1,094,384 (857,000) - - (857,000) (738,000)
	6,350,570 107,967,316 93,858,677 208,176,563 213,056,422
	6,350,570 107,967,316 93,858,677 208,176,563 213,056,422

Approved by the Board of Trustees on :

Signed on its behalf by:

Trustee

Trustee

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Charity Balance Sheet

at 31st March 2023

Note Fixed assets Tangible assets 8 Investments 9 Current assets Debtors 10 Cash at bank Creditors Amounts falling due within one year 11 Net current assets Provision for liabilities and charges Pension scheme liability 12 Net assets Funds	General and designated funds Restricted funds Endowment funds Total Funds 2023 Total Funds 2022 £ £ £ £ £ 1,988,125 108,476,808 5,618,393 116,083,326 12,844,707 4,652,053 100,000 79,640,180 84,392,233 87,588,659
	6,640,178 108,576,808 85,258,573 200,475,559 100,433,366
	333,141 13 4,092,453 4,425,607 109,154,224 668,517 - - 668,517 576,034
	1,001,658 13 4,092,453 5,094,124 109,730,258
	(450,863) - (42,879) (493,742) (335,467)
	550,795 13 4,049,574 4,600,382 109,394,791 (857,000) - - (857,000) (738,000)
	6,333,973 108,576,821 89,308,147 204,218,941 209,090,157
	6,333,973 108,576,821 89,308,147 204,218,941 209,090,157

Approved by the Board of Trustees on :

Signed on its behalf by:

Trustee

Trustee

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Consolidated Cashflow statement for the year ended 31st March 2023

Net cash flow from operating activities Returns on investments and servicing of finance Capital expenditure and financial investment Payments to acquire investments Payments to acquire tangible fixed assets Receipts from sale of investments Net movement in cashflows attributable to endowment fund investments Net cash flow before financing Financing Net movement in cashflows attributable to to endowment fund assets Increase / (Decrease) in cash in the year	2023 2022 £ £ £ £ (2,236,146) (1,499,631) 2,471,433 2,216,383 (2,463,022) (20,898,727) (579,749) (759,264) 3,599,591 18,733,263 192,598 183,028 749,418 (2,741,699) 984,706 (2,024,947) (192,598) (183,028) (192,598) (183,028) 792,108 (2,207,975)	2023 2022 £ £ £ £ (2,236,146) (1,499,631) 2,471,433 2,216,383 (2,463,022) (20,898,727) (579,749) (759,264) 3,599,591 18,733,263 192,598 183,028 749,418 (2,741,699) 984,706 (2,024,947) (192,598) (183,028) (192,598) (183,028) 792,108 (2,207,975)
		(2,207,975)

Reconciliation of net incoming resources to net cashflow from operating activities

Net Incoming resources Decrease / (Increase) in debtors (Decrease) / Increase in creditors Depreciation (Profit) / loss on disposal of plant and equipment Investment income Net cash flow from operating activities Analysis of changes in net cash resources Cash at bank and net cash resources	2023 2022 (2,820,002) 182,508 (258,850) (197,931) 669,248 506,129 2,624,323 226,046 20,570 - (2,471,433) (2,216,322) (2,236,146) (1,499,631) At 1st April 2022 Cashflow At 31st March 2023 £1,156,836 792,108 £1,948,944	2022 182,508 (197,931) 506,129 226,046 - (2,216,322)
		(1,499,631)

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts for the year ended 31st March 2023

1 Accounting policies

The Centre is a Charitable Trust registered in England and Wales. The address of the registered office is given in the charity information page of these financial statements.

The charity constitutes a public benefit entity as defined by FRS 102. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland issued in October 2019, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102), the Charities Act 2011, and UK Generally Accepted Accounting Practice.

The significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all years presented unless otherwise stated.

a) Accounting convention

The financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention, modified to include certain items at fair value. The financial statements are prepared in sterling which is the functional currency of the charity.

b) Income recognition

All incoming resources are included in the Statement of Financial Activities (SoFA) when the charity is legally entitled to the income after any performance conditions have been met, the amount can be measured reliably and it is probable that the income will be received.

For donations to be recognised the charity will have been notified of the amounts and the settlement date in writing. If there are conditions attached to the donation and this requires a level of performance before entitlement can be obtained then income is deferred until those conditions are fully met or the fulfilment of those conditions is within the control of the charity and it is probable that they will be fulfilled.

Donated facilities and donated professional services are recognised in income at their fair value when their economic benefit is probable, it can be measured reliably and the charity has control over the item. Fair value is determined on the basis of the value of the gift to the charity. For example, the amount the charity would be willing to pay in the open market for such facilities and services. A corresponding amount is recognised in expenditure.

No amount is included in the financial statements for volunteer time in line with the SORP. Further detail is given in the Trustees’ Annual Report.

For legacies, entitlement is the earlier of the charity being notified of an impending distribution or the legacy being received. At this point income is recognised. On occasion legacies will be notified to the charity however it is not possible to measure the amount expected to be distributed. On these occasions, the legacy is treated as a contingent asset and disclosed.

Investment income is earned through holding assets for investment purposes such as shares and property. It includes dividends, interest and rent. Where it is not practicable to identify investment management costs incurred within a scheme with reasonable accuracy the investment income is reported net of these costs. It is included when the amount can be measured reliably. Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method and dividend and rent income is recognised as the charity’s right to receive payment is established.

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts for the year ended 31st March 2023

Accounting policies (continued)

c) Donations

Benefactions for endowment, research grants and donations for earmarked purposes are allocated to appropriate funds and similarly related expenditure is charged directly to these funds. Donated goods and services are included at cost or fair value at the time of donation. All donations are taken into account when receivable.

d) Depreciation

Depreciation of buildings and fixed assets is calculated using rates and bases which are appropriate to the useful lives of the assets and their residual values and were as follows:

Freehold land and buildings Nil Furniture and equipment 15% Reducing balance Computers 33.33 % Straight line

Freehold property is shown at cost. No depreciation has been charged in the year on the book value of the Centre building which was transferred to the Charity just prior to the year end.

The Trustees carry out an annual assessment of the properties to consider any indication of impairment. The leasehold property used in the charity's operations is depreciated evenly over the remaining life of the lease. Leasehold property held for investment is not depreciated, but included at market value.

e) Taxation

As a registered charity, the Charity is exempt within the meaning of schedule 3 of the Charities Act 2011 and is considered to pass the tests set out in Paragraph 1 Schedule 6 Finance Act 2010 and therefore it meets the definition of a charitable company for UK corporation tax purposes, but not from VAT. Irrecoverable VAT is included in the cost of those items to which it relates.

f) Tangible Fixed Assets

Tangible fixed assets costing over £500 are capitalised.

Leasing rentals payable under operating leases are charged against income on a straight line basis over the lease term.

g) Realised and unrealised gains and losses

On the sale of investments, realised gains and losses are accounted for in the appropriate funds. At the year end all investments held are valued at fair value and unrealised gains and losses on revaluation are recognised in the appropriate funds.

h) Foreign currencies

Assets denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Exchange gains and losses are written off to revenue in the year and arise purely from normal currency conversion transactions.

i) Investments

Quoted investments are valued at their fair value.

Investment properties are valued at fair value. Any aggregate surplus is recognised in the appropriate Funds.

No depreciation is provided in respect of the freehold investment property; the trustees consider the accounting policy results in the accounts giving a true and fair view.

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts

for the year ended 31st March 2023

Accounting policies (continued)

j) Investment income

Dividend income is accounted for on the basis of the dividends received.

k) Expenditure

Expenditure is recognised when a liability is incurred at the transaction price.

Expenditure is recognised where there is a legal or constructive obligation to make payments to third parties, it is probable that the settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably.The Trustees consider that all the expenditure is charitable expenditure in accordance with the objects of the charity as laid down within the Trust Deed.

All costs have been directly attributed to one of the functional categories of resources expended in the Statement of Financial Activities.

l) Grants payable or receivable

Grants payable or receivable are recognised in the accounts as and when they become due for payment or receipt. Income is deferred when sums are received in advance for the accounting period to which they relate.Where they are recognised in the financial statements, gifts in kind or donated services are included at fair value on the date of receipt.

m) Group Financial Statements

These financial statements consolidate the results of the Charity and its subsidiary undertakings on a line by line basis. A separate statement of financial activities for the charity is not presented because the Charity has taken advantage of the provisions of paragraph 397 of the SORP. The charity balance sheet is presented as part of the financial statements.

n) Pension costs

The Centre participates in the Universities Superannuation Scheme ("the USS") and the University of Oxford Staff Pension Scheme ("the OSPS") on behalf of its staff. Both schemes are contributory defined benefit schemes (i.e. they provide benefits based on length of service and pensionable salary). The assets of USS and OSPS are each held in separate trustee administered funds. Both schemes are multi-employer schemes and the Centre is unable to identify its share of the underlying assets and liabilities of each scheme on a consistent and reasonable basis. Therefore, as required by FRS 102, the Centre accounts for the schemes as if they were defined contribution schemes. Both schemes have put in place agreements for additional contributions to fund their past service deficits. In accordance with the provisions of FRS 102, the Centre has recognised a liability for the future contributions that it estimates will be payable as a result of these deficit funding agreements.

o) Fund accounting

General funds are unrestricted funds which the Trustees are free to use in accordance with the charitable objects. Designated funds are unrestricted funds earmarked by the Trustees for particular purposes. The restricted funds is to be used for specific purposes as laid down by the benefactor.

Endowment funds represent capital which must be held permanently by the charity. Income derived from these funds is credited to the general and designated funds.

p) Going concern

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as the trustees believe that no material uncertainties exist. The Trustees have considered the level of funds held and the expected level of income and expenditure for 12 months from authorising these financial statements. The budgeted income and expenditure is sufficient with the level of reserves for the Centre to be able to continue as a going concern.

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts

for the year ended 31st March 2023

Accounting policies (continued)

q) Critical accounting judgements

FRS 102 makes the distinction between a group plan and a multi-employer scheme. A group plan consists of a collection of entities under common control typically with a sponsoring employer. A multiemployer scheme is a scheme for entities not under common control and represents (typically) an industry - wide scheme such as that provided by USS and OSPS. The accounting for a multi-employer scheme where the employer has entered into an agreement with the scheme that determines how the employer will fund a deficit results in the recognition of a liability for the contributions payable that arise from the agreement (to the extent that they relate to the deficit) and the resulting expense is recognised in income or expenditure. The Trustees are satisfied that the schemes provided by USS and OSPS meet the definition of a multi-employer scheme and has therefore recognised the discounted fair value of the contractual contributions under the funding plan in existence at the date of approving the financial statements.

r) Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The following judgements (apart from those involving estimates) have been made in the process of applying the above accounting policies that have had the most significant effect on amounts recognised in the financial statements: Pension scheme liability

The Trustees are required to make assumptions on future staffing levels and appropriate discount rates when calculating the USS and OSPS pension scheme liability. These are included as best estimates at the date of calculation, but present a significant risk in potentially causing a material adjustment to the balance sheet.

s) Maintenance of premises

The cost of routine corrective maintenance is charged to the Statement of Financial Activities in the period it is incurred.

t) Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Centre has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the obligation.

u) Debtors and creditors receivable / payable within one year

Debtors and creditors with no stated interest rate and receivable or payable within one year are recorded at transaction price. Any losses arising from impairment are recognised in expenditure.

v) Impairment

Assets not measured at fair value are reviewed for any indication that the asset may be impaired at each balance sheet date. If such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset, or the asset’s cash generating unit, is estimated and compared to the carrying amount. Where the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount where the impairment loss is a revaluation decrease.

w) Leases

Rentals payable and receivable under operating leases are charged to the Statement of Financial Activities on a straight line basis over the period of the lease.

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OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts

for the year ended 31st March 2023

2 Staff costs comprise Wages and salaries Social security costs Pension costs Defined benefit schemes - Pension provision Consultancy, Recruitment and agency costs etc.	2023 2022 £ £ 1,833,127 1,926,623 195,985 196,809 276,617 197,878 119,000 475,655 107,237 107,636
	2,531,966 2,904,601

There were no outstanding or prepaid pension contributions at 31st March, 2023 (2022 Nil).

The trustees received no remuneration during the year. A professional indemnity insurance of £4,382 (2022 £4,528) was paid in respect of the Trustees. During the year no trustees were reimbursed for travel related costs £6,114 (2022 Nil).

Under the University scale A20 three employees are paid the professorial rate of £75,103 (2022 £72,172). In addition one employee also receives a distinction award £89,051 (2022 £83,509), Schedule I allowance £25,333 (2022 £24,113) and contributions to the pension fund of £38,263 (2022 £37,615). The total remuneration paid to the key management personnel in the year was £545,800.

3 Average number of employees

The average number of employees of the Centre excluding Trustees on a full time equivalent basis was as follows.

Centre Teaching and research Projects Publications Development 4 Net income This is stated after charging Auditors remuneration Audit services Assurance services Depreciation 5 Charitable Activities Centre Rental income Other 6 Investment income Listed securities Bank deposits Rental Income	34 38 13 11 2 1 2 1 2 2
	53 53
	2023 2022 £ £ 36,590 36,223 21,600 - 2,624,323 226,044 2023 2022 £ £ 27,011 31,795 121,123 93,905
	148,134 125,700
	2023 2022 £ £ 1,466,327 1,260,887 10,420 297 994,686 955,199
	2,471,433 2,216,383

19

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts

for the year ended 31st March 2023

7 Total expenditure Centre: Staff costs Travel and communications Properties & equipment running costs Depreciation and amortisation Legal Fees and charges Guest expenses and common table Administrative costs Investment portfolio management fees: Fellowships, scholarships and teaching: Fellowships and Scholarships Library costs Seminars expenses Publication: Staff costs Other costs Cost of generating voluntary income Video, newsletters and brochures Conferences and special events: Venues, travel and other costs Development: Staff costs Travel Administrative costs Calendar Trust administration: Travel Administrative costs Total	2023 2022 General and designated funds Restricted funds Endowment funds £ £ 1,495,393 - - 1,495,393 1,790,168 26,796 - - 26,796 35,760 1,326,111 - - 1,326,111 1,001,648 191,741 2,432,582 - 2,624,323 226,046 105,449 - 105,449 140,297 100,082 - - 100,082 82,943 63,871 - - 63,871 64,501
	3,309,443 2,432,582 - 5,742,025 3,341,363
	- - 192,598 192,598 183,028
	- - 192,598 192,598 183,028
	1,260,570 - - 1,260,570 1,231,959 122,896 - - 122,896 142,812 9,388 - - 9,388 2,082
	1,392,854 - - 1,392,854 1,376,853
	75,474 - - 75,474 39,993 19,270 - - 19,270 48,223
	94,744 - - 94,744 88,216
	1,406 - - 1,406 1,114
	62,090 - - 62,090 16,183
	62,090 - - 62,090 16,183
	35,098 - - 35,098 53,624 17,843 - - 17,843 19,652 2,871 - - 2,871 2,180 1,431 - - 1,431 1,388
	57,243 - - 57,243 76,844
	- - - - - 64,173 - - 64,173 37,645
	64,173 - - 64,173 37,645
	4,981,953 2,432,582 192,598 7,607,133 5,121,246

20

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts

for the year ended 31st March 2023

7 Total expenditure (continued)

7 Total expenditure (continued)	Notes to the Accounts for the year ended 31st March 2023	Notes to the Accounts for the year ended 31st March 2023
Expenditure analysis Cost of raising funds Cost of raising voluntary income Investment portfolio management fees Development Charitable activities Centre Fellowships and Scholarships (to individuals) Publications Conferences Governance costs Trust administration Total expenditure year ended 31st March 2023 Total expenditure year ended 31st March 2022 8 Fixed assets Group Cost: At 1st April 2022 Additions Disposals Transfer At 31st March 2023 Depreciation and Amortisation: At 1st April 2022 Charge for year Depreciation eliminated on disposal At 31st March 2023 Net book value At 31st March 2023 At 31st March 2022 Charity Cost: At 1st April 2022 Additions At 31st March 2023 Depreciation and Amortisation: At 1st April 2022 Charge for year At 31st March 2023 Net book value At 31st March 2023 At 31st March 2022	Staff Costs Travel and communic- ations Properties and Equipment running costs Depreciation Professional fees and charges Fellowships and Scholarsips Other costs Total £ - - - - - - 1,406 1,406 - - - - - - 192,598 192,598 57,243 - - - - - 57,243
	57,243 - - - - - 194,004 251,247
	1,495,393 26,796 1,326,111 2,624,323 105,449 - 163,953 5,742,025 - - - - - 1,392,854 - 1,392,854 75,474 - - - - - 19,270 94,744 - - - - - - 62,090 62,090
	1,570,867 26,796 1,326,111 2,624,323 105,449 1,392,854 245,313 7,291,713
	- - - - - - 64,173 64,173
	- - - - - - 64,173 64,173
	1,628,110 26,796 1,326,111 2,624,323 105,449 1,392,854 503,490 7,607,133
	1,907,005 35,760 1,001,648 226,046 140,297 1,376,853 433,637 5,121,246
		Freehold Land and Buildings Assets Under Construction Residential Properties Furniture and Equipment Total £ 9,915,816 104,752,557 2,207,977 2,117,219 118,993,569 - 87,324 - 492,425 579,749 - - - (216,380) (216,380) 102,830,242 (104,839,881) - 2,009,639 - 112,746,058 - 2,207,977 4,402,903 119,356,938 - - - (1,372,109) (1,372,109) - - - (2,624,323) (2,624,323) - - - 195,812 195,812 - - - (3,800,620) (3,800,620) 112,746,058 - 2,207,977 602,283 115,556,318 9,915,816 104,752,557 2,207,977 745,110 117,621,460 Freehold Land and Buildings Residential Properties Furniture and Equipment Total £ 9,915,816 2,209,314 1,884,832 14,009,962 103,357,250 - 2,502,064 105,859,314 113,273,066 2,209,314 4,386,896 119,869,276 - - (1,165,255) (1,165,255) - - (2,620,695) (2,620,695) - - (3,785,950) (3,785,950) 113,273,066 2,209,314 600,946 116,083,326 9,915,816 2,209,314 719,577 12,844,707

21

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts for the year ended 31st March 2023

9 Investments

Group Market value As at 1st April 2022 Additions Disposals Decrease in market value As at 31st March 2023	Investment Portfolio Cash reserves Quoted Investments Total £ Investment Properties Total £ 627,588 72,088,794 72,716,382 22,362,195 95,078,577 688,841 1,738,949 2,427,790 35,232 2,463,022 - (3,599,591) (3,599,591) - (3,599,591) - (2,059,857) (2,059,857) - (2,059,857)
	1,316,429 68,168,295 69,484,724 22,397,427 91,882,151

Market value of :

UK quoted investments as at 31st March 2023 Overseas quoted investments as at 31st March 2023

28,530,207 39,638,088

Investment properties was valued at 31st March, 2023 on the basis of an Open Market Valuation by the Trustees. The cost of the Investment properties was £18,977,752.

Charity

Investment Portfolio

Charity	Investment Portfolio
Market value As at 1st April 2022 Additions Disposals Decrease in market value As at 31st March 2023	Cash reserves Quoted Investments Unquoted Investments (Subsidiary Companies) Total £ Investment Properties Total £ 627,588 72,088,794 1,726,434 74,442,816 13,145,842 87,588,659 688,841 1,738,949 - 2,427,790 35,232 2,463,022 - (3,599,591) - (3,599,591) - (3,599,591) - (2,059,857) - (2,059,857) - (2,059,857)
	1,316,429 68,168,295 1,726,434 71,211,158 13,181,074 84,392,233

For details concerning the subsidiary companies see note 17.

Market value of :

UK quoted investments as at 31st March 2023 28,530,207 Overseas quoted investments as at 31st March 2023 39,638,088

Investment properties was valued at 31st March, 2023 on the basis of an Open Market Valuation by the Trustees. The cost of the Investment properties was £10,115,909.

22

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts

for the year ended 31st March 2023

**10 **	Debtors	Group		Charity	Charity
		2023	2022	2023	2022
		£	£	£	£
	Accounts receivable	324,179	271,993	159,600	128,178
	Prepayments and accrued income	404,629	193,164	404,627	193,164
	Other taxes and social security	-	4,801	-	-
	Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings	-	-	3,861,380	108,832,882
		728,808	469,958	4,425,607	109,154,224
**11 **	Liabilities:
	Amounts falling due within one year
	Accounts payable	286,099	160,552	285,201	155,360
	Accruals and deferred income	273,781	290,154	140,877	157,617
	Other taxes and social security	522,778	81,704	67,664	22,490
		1,082,658	532,410	493,742	335,467
**12 **	Provision for liabilities and charges
	At start of year	738,000	262,345	738,000	262,345
	(Credit)/Charged in the Statement	119,000	475,655	119,000	475,655
	of Financial Activities
	At end of year	857,000	738,000	857,000	738,000
	The above provision relates to USS and OSPS Pension deficits
**13 **	Deferred Income	2023	2022
		£	£
	Balance as at 1st April 2022	172,818	170,893
	Amount realised to incoming resources	(172,818)	(170,893)
	Amount deferred in year	169,588	172,818
	Balance as at 31st March 2023	169,588	172,818

23

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts for the year ended 31st March 2023

14 Movements in Trust funds Endowment funds Fellowship and Scholarship funds General and designated funds General funds Designated Fixed asset fund Designated Building maintenance fund Designated Marston road development fund Restricted funds Building fund Total funds	Balance at Balance at 1st April Incoming Gains & Transfers 31st March 2022 Resources Expenditure Losses 2023 £ £ 96,084,682 2,491,546 (192,598) (2,059,857) (2,465,096) 93,858,677
	96,084,682 2,491,546 (192,598) (2,059,857) (2,465,096) 93,858,677
	1,626,861 1,094,566 (4,981,953) - 2,272,970 12,444 - - - - 1,988,126 1,988,126 2,546,000 - - - (1,796,000) 750,000 2,400,000 1,200,000 - - - 3,600,000
	6,572,861 2,294,566 (4,981,953) - 2,465,096 6,350,570
	110,398,879 1,019 (2,432,582) - - 107,967,316
	110,398,879 1,019 (2,432,582) - - 107,967,316
	213,056,422 4,787,131 (7,607,133) (2,059,857) - 208,176,563

Total funds of the charity at the balance sheet date are £204,218,941 (2022 £209,090,157). The difference in the consolidated funds is due to the effect of the subsidiary undertakings results and is reflected in the General Funds. The general funds were in surplus at the year-end by £6,333,973.

Comparative Movement in Trust funds for the year ended 31st March 2022.

Endowment funds Fellowship and Scholarship funds General and designated funds General funds Designated Building maintenance fund Designated Marston road development fund Restricted funds Building fund Total funds	Balance at Balance at 1st April Incoming Gains & Transfers 31st March 2021 Resources Expenditure Losses 2022 £ £ 89,131,414 2,247,686 (183,028) 7,104,829 (2,216,219) 96,084,682
	89,131,414 2,247,686 (183,028) 7,104,829 (2,216,219) 96,084,682
	3,238,820 3,056,040 (4,938,218) - 270,219 1,626,861 3,000,000 - - - (454,000) 2,546,000 - - - - 2,400,000 2,400,000
	6,238,820 3,056,040 (4,938,218) - 2,216,219 6,572,861
	110,398,851 28 - - - 110,398,879
	110,398,851 28 - - - 110,398,879
	205,769,085 5,303,754 (5,121,246) 7,104,829 - 213,056,422

Total funds of the charity at the balance sheet date are £209,090,157 (2021 £201,810,508). The difference in the consolidated funds is due to the effect of the subsidiary undertakings results and is reflected in the General Funds. The general funds were in surplus at the year-end by £6,537,537.

24

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts

for the year ended 31st March 2023

15 Pension Commitments

Universities Superannuation Scheme (“USS”)

The pension charge for the year includes a credit of £82,330 (2022: charge of £577,747) in relation to the USS. This represents contributions of £122,670 payable to the USS, as decreased by the change in the deficit funding liability between the opening and closing balance sheet dates of £205,000 (2022: increased by £452,089).

The 2020 actuarial valuation of the scheme was finalised during the prior accounting period and reported that total assets of the scheme were £66.5bn, with total liabilities of £80.6bn – meaning a past service shortfall of £14.1bn and a funding level of 83%.

This position has significantly worsened compared to the 2018 valuation, which had a funding level of 95%, and as a result a new deficit recovery plan was agreed. This new plan requires deficit payments of 6.2% of salaries from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2024 and then payments of 6.3% of salaries from 1 April 2024 to 30 April 2038. This was a significant increase on the 6% contribution due until March 2028 under the 2018 valuation, and explains the significant increase in the liability noted above during the current accounting year.

Employee contribution rates are set at 9.8%. Employer contribution rates are set at 21.6% from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2024, and 21.4% from 1 April 2024 to 30 April 2038.

In line with FRS 102 paragraph 28.11A, the Centre has recognised a provision of £500,000 at 31 March 2023 (2022: £705,000) for the present value of the estimated future deficit funding element of the contributions payable under the agreement in place at year end. In determining the level of this provision it has been assumed that the Charity will continue to have a constant level of employee participation in this scheme and that the relevant earnings of these employees will increase in line with the actuary’s projected long-term salary rate increases.

A copy of the full actuarial valuation report and other further details on the scheme are available on the USS website www.uss.co.uk.

Oxford Staff Pension Scheme ("OSPS”).

The pension charge for the year includes a charge of £463,344 (2022 £50,533) in relation to the OSPS. This represents contributions of £139,344 payable to the OSPS as increased by the change in the deficit funding liability between the opening and closing balance sheet dates of £324,000 (2022: increase of £23,566).

The 2019 actuarial valuation of the scheme was finalised during the year ended 31st March 2021 and reported that total assets of the scheme were £735mn, with total liabilities of £848mn – meaning a past service shortfall of £113mn and a funding level of 87%. The actuary has certified that the recovery plan should eliminate the deficit by 30 June 2027. The next triennial valuation is due with an effective date of 31 March 2022.

In line with FRS 102 paragraph 28.11A, the Centre has recognised a provision of £357,000 at 31 March 2023 (2022: £33,000) for the present value of the estimated future deficit funding element of the contributions payable under this agreement. In determining the level of this provision it has been assumed that the Centre will continue to have a constant level of employee participation in this scheme and that the relevant earnings of these employees will increase in line with the actuary’s projected long-term salary rate increases.

A copy of the full actuarial valuation report and other further details on the scheme are available on the University of Oxford website http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/finance/epp/pensions/schemes/osps/

25

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts

for the year ended 31st March 2023

16 Financial commitments

At 31st March 2023, the charity had total commitments under non cancellable operating leases as detailed below:

detailed below:
Operating leases which expire after more than 5 years Operating leases which expire between 2 to 5 years Capital Commitments at 31st March, 2023 were: Approved and Contracted	Land and buildings 2023 2022 - -
	- £40,109
	- -

17 Subsidiary undertakings

The unlisted investments are two wholly owned subsidiaries, Oxcis Limited and Oxford Endeavours Limited. Oxford Endeavours Limited wholly owns two subsidiaries Oxford Real Estate Limited and Oxford Islamic Finance Limited. All of these companies are registered in England.

At the start of the year a loan of £3.44m was outstanding from Oxford Real Estate Limited,

a Gift Aid donation of £548,121 from distributable profits is to be made to the Trust. The outstanding loan at 31st March 2023 was £3,865,313. This amount is unsecured, repayable on demand and carries interest at 2%.

The results, net assets and principal activity of the companies are as follows:

Company and principal			Profit / (Loss)
activities	Income	Expenditure	for the year	Assets	Liabilities	Funds
Oxcis Limited	105,388,476	(104,872,845)	515,631	427,907	(430,804)	(2,897)
Design & build services
Oxford Endeavours Limited	2,070	(1,641)	429	1,407,318	(1,560)	1,405,758
Holding company
Oxford Real Estate Limited	627,613	(77,172)	550,441	10,222,873	(4,055,086)	6,167,787
Property investment &
management

Oxford Islamic Finance Limited

The company had no financial activity during the year and was dormant.

18 The Charity's own financial information

The Charity's own financial information
	2023	2022
	£	£
Gross Income	4,775,498	5,284,773
Net incoming resources	(2,811,359)	174,819
Gains / ( Losses ) on investments	(2,059,857)	7,104,829

26

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts for the year ended 31st March 2023

19 Comparative Consolidated Statement of Financial Activities for the year ended 31st March 2022.

Note Income From: Donations and gifts Charitable Activities 5 Investment income 6 Total income Expenditure as: Cost of raising funds Costs of raising voluntary income Investment management fees Development Trust administration Charitable Activities Centre Fellowships and Scholarships Publications Conferences & Events Total expenditure 7 Net income / (expenses) for the year before transfers Transfer between funds Gains / ( Losses ) on investment assets: Net movement in funds in year Total funds brought forward Total funds carried forward 14	General and designated funds Restricted funds Endowment funds Total Funds 2022 £ £ £ £ 2,930,204 - 31,467 2,961,671 125,700 - - 125,700 136 28 2,216,219 2,216,383
	3,056,040 28 2,247,686 5,303,754
	1,114 - - 1,114 - - 183,028 183,028 76,844 - - 76,844 37,645 - - 37,645
	115,603 - 183,028 298,631
	3,341,363 - - 3,341,363 1,376,853 - - 1,376,853 88,216 - - 88,216 16,183 - - 16,183
	4,822,615 - - 4,822,615
	4,938,218 - 183,028 5,121,246
	(1,882,178) 28 2,064,658 182,508 2,216,219 - (2,216,219) - - - 7,104,829 7,104,829
	334,041 28 6,953,268 7,287,337 6,238,820 110,398,851 89,131,414 205,769,085
	6,572,861 110,398,879 96,084,682 213,056,422

27

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Notes to the Accounts for the year ended 31st March 2023

20 Comparative Consolidated Balance Sheet for the year ended 31st March 2022.

		General and
		designated		Endowment
	Note	funds	Restricted funds	funds	2022	2021
		£	£	£	£	£
Fixed assets
Tangible assets	8	743,775	111,259,293	5,618,393	117,621,460	117,088,242
Investments	9	5,186,740	-	89,891,837	95,078,577	85,808,284
		5,930,515	111,259,293	95,510,230	212,700,038	202,896,526
Current assets
Debtors	10	153,968	4,801	311,189	460,958	272,027
Cash at bank		1,561,845	(861,065)	456,056	1,156,836	3,364,811
		1,715,813	(856,264)	767,245	1,626,794	3,636,838
Creditors
Amounts falling due
within one year	11	(335,467)	(4,150)	(192,793)	(532,410)	(501,934)
Net current assets / (liabilities)		1,380,346	(860,414)	574,452	1,094,384	3,134,904
Provision for liabilities and	charges
Pension scheme liability	12	(738,000)	-	-	(738,000)	(262,345)
Net assets		6,572,861	110,398,879	96,084,682	213,056,422	205,769,085
Funds	14	6,572,861	110,398,879	96,084,682	213,056,422	205,769,085

21 Related party transactions

There were no related party transactions except those with Charity's subsidiaries which are covered in note 17.

22 Approval of accounts

These accounts were approved at a meeting of the Trustees on the 13th of September 2023.

28

Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies Marston Road, Oxford OX3 0EE, United Kingdom Telephone: [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [e-mail] Incorporated by Royal Charter Registered Charity No: 293072