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2022-04-05-accounts

CHARITY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 292633

The Ranworth Trust Unaudited financial statements

5 April 2022

The Ranworth Trust

Financial statements

Year ended 5 April 2022

Pages
Trustees' annual report 1 to 4
Independent examiner's report to the trustees 5
Statement of financial activities 6
Balance sheet 7
Notes to the financial statements 8 to 14

The Ranworth Trust

Trustees' annual report

Year ended 5 April 2022

The trustees present their report and the unaudited financial statements of the charity for the year ended 5 April 2022.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in notes to the accounts and comply with the charity's governing document, the Charities Act 2011 and Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland published in October 2019.

Reference and administrative details

Registered charity name The Ranworth Trust Charity registration number 292633 Principal office Reedside Farm Lane Ranworth Norwich NR13 6HY

The trustees

The trustees who served during the year and at the date of approval were as follows:

Mr M Cator Mrs J Cator The Hon I Cator Independent examiner Mary Schofield Lovewell Blake LLP Chartered accountants Bankside 300 Peachman Way Broadland Business Park Norwich NR7 0LB Bankers Lloyds TSB Bank Plc 44 Market Place Great Yarmouth Norfolk

- 1 -

Trustees' annual report (continued)

Year ended 5 April 2022

The Ranworth Trust

Objectives and activities

Objectives

The Trustees shall hold the capital and the income of the trust fund upon trust to apply income, and as far as may be necessary, the capital for or towards such charitable purpose and to make grants or donations to such charitable bodies or institutions at such times and in such manner as the Trustees may, in their absolute discretion, think fit.

Investment objectives

The Trustees intend that the value of their assets be maintained and enhanced over the long term by investment in a portfolio comprised of equities, fixed income stocks and cash.

The investment portfolio is managed by Barratt & Cooke who act on an advisory basis. The largest factor outside the direct control of the Trust is the long term management of the investment portfolio.

The Trustees regularly review the arrangement under which Barratt & Cooke act and review the suitability of the investments and the need for diversification.

The Trustees consider the performance of the portfolio over the year to be satisfactory and in line with their expectations.

Grant making policy

The Trustees normally only make grants or loans to other registered charities; they have never considered applications made directly by individuals for personal assistance whatever the charitable purpose. The scope of their giving is determined only by the extent of their resources; it is not restricted either geographically or by the type of activity carried on by respective beneficiaries or applicants.

In 2010 the Trustees agreed to donate £350,000 into a fund known as 'The Ranworth Grassroots Fund' controlled by the Norfolk Community Foundation, this attracted matched government funding of £175,000 based upon £1 for every £2 transferred. The aim of the fund is to support a wide range of charitable, voluntary and community activities across Norfolk. This fund can be terminated in the event of the occurrence of prescribed events. In this event all money in the revenue fund and endowment fund shall be be returned to the Charity.

Risks

The Trustees have considered whether there are any major risks and confirm that appropriate action will be taken if such risks are identified and to mitigate such risks. The Trustees confirm that they will keep the adequacy of the system in place under review.

Public Benefit

The Trustees have paid due regard to the Charity Commission's guidance on public benefit in deciding what activities the Charity should undertake.

Achievements and performance

Review of activities

Investment income increased from £130,612 in 2021 to £136,575 in 2022 Grants made increased to £225,200 against £171,000 in 2021. There were realised investment gains of £76,418 and unrealised gains of £448,237. Net income for the year amounted to £427,259 (2021: £654,237).

- 2 -

The Ranworth Trust

Trustees' annual report (continued)

Year ended 5 April 2022

Financial review

Reserves

The Trustees have a balanced investment policy and therefore only distribute income on an annual basis and retain capital for the maintenance and growth of funds.

Free reserves, being net current assets in the unrestricted funds, totalled £42,713 as at 5 April 2022. (2021: net current assets £26,332).

The Accounts

The Trustees are satisfied with the financial position of the Charity and confirm they have adequate assets available to fulfil their obligations.

  1. All cash is held on interest bearing bank accounts.

  2. The accounts comply with current statutory requirements.

  3. Investments have been acquired in accordance with the powers contained in the Deed.

Plans for future periods

No future changes to the Trust's aims or activities are anticipated.

Structure, governance and management

The Charity was created by Deed on 23 July 1985 and is established as a grant making trust.

Trustees

The power of appointing new Trustees is vested with the settler.

Organisation and decision-making structure

The Trustees meet four times a year to review policy structure, monitor existing grant giving and donations, review new charity applications and review the investment portfolio.

True and fair override

The accounts (financial statements) have been prepared to give a "true and fair" view and have departed from the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 only to the extent required to provide a "true and fair" view. This departure has involved Accounting and Reporting by Charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS102) issued in October 2019 rather than the Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice effective from 1 April 2005 which has since been withdrawn.

Independent examiner

Mary Schofield was appointed as independent examiner during the year and will be reappointed for the ensuing year.

- 3 -

Trustees' annual report (continued)

The Ranworth Trust

Year ended 5 April 2022

The trustees' annual report was approved on 23 January 2023 and signed on behalf of the board of trustees by:

Mr M Cator Trustee

Mrs J Cator Trustee

The Hon. Mrs I Cator Trustee

- 4 -

The Ranworth Trust

Independent examiner's report to the trustees of The Ranworth Trust

Year ended 5 April 2022

I report to the charity trustees on my examination of the financial statements of the charity for the year ended 5 April 2022 which comprise the statement of financial activities, balance sheet and the related notes.

Responsibilities and basis of report

As the charity's trustees you are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the requirements of the Charities Act 2011 (‘the Act’).

I report in respect of my examination of the charity's financial statements carried out under section 145 of the Act and in carrying out my examination I have followed all the applicable Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the Act.

Independent examiner's statement

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no material matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe that in any material respect:

  1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the charity as required by section 130 of the Act; or

  2. the financial statements do not accord with those records; or

  3. the financial statements do not comply with the applicable requirements concerning the form and content of accounts set out in the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 other than any requirement that the accounts give a ‘true and fair' view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination.

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

Your attention is drawn to the fact that the Charity has prepared the accounts (financial statements) in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) in preference to the Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice issued on 1 April 2005 which is referred to in the extant regulations but has since been withdrawn.

I understand that this has been done in order for the accounts to provide a true and fair view in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Practice effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2015.

Mary Schofield Independent Examiner

Lovewell Blake LLP Chartered accountants Bankside 300 Peachman Way Broadland Business Park Norwich NR7 0LB

2 February 2023

- 5 -

The Ranworth Trust

Statement of financial activities

Year ended 5 April 2022

2022 2022 2021
Unrestricted
funds Total funds Total funds
Note £ £ £
Income and endowments
Investment income 4 136,575 136,575 130,612
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Total income 136,575 136,575 130,612
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
Expenditure
Charitable activities 5 (233,971) (233,971) (174,587)
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Total expenditure (233,971) (233,971) (174,587)
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
Net income and net movements in funds before gains and
losses on investments (97,396) (97,396) (43,975)
Net gains on investments 7 524,655 524,655 698,212
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Net income and net movement in funds 427,259 427,259 654,237
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
Reconciliation of funds
Total funds brought forward 5,354,519 5,354,519 4,700,282
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Total funds carried forward 5,781,778 5,781,778 5,354,519
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶

The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year. All income and expenditure derive from continuing activities.

The notes on pages 8 to 14 form part of these financial statements.

- 6 -

The Ranworth Trust

Balance sheet

5 April 2022

2022 2021
Note £ £ £ £
Fixed assets
Investments 11 5,739,065 5,328,187
Current assets
Cash at bank and in hand 53,611 29,152
Creditors: Amounts falling due within
one year 12 10,898 2,820
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Net current assets 42,713 26,332
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Total assets less current liabilities 5,781,778 5,354,519
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Net assets 5,781,778 5,354,519
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
Funds of the charity
Unrestricted funds 5,781,778 5,354,519
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Total charity funds 13 5,781,778
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
5,354,519
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶

These financial statements were approved by the board of trustees and authorised for issue on 23 January 2023, and are signed on behalf of the board by:

Mr M Cator Mrs J Cator Trustee Trustee

The Hon. Mrs I Cator Trustee

The notes on pages 8 to 14 form part of these financial statements.

- 7 -

The Ranworth Trust

Notes to the financial statements

Year ended 5 April 2022

1. General information

The charity is a public benefit entity and a registered charity in England and Wales and is unincorporated. The address of the principal office is Reedside, Farm Lane, Ranworth, Norwich, NR13 6HY.

2. Statement of compliance

The charity constitutes a public benefit entity as defined by FRS 102. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland issued in October 2019, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102), the Charities Act 2011 and UK Generally Accepted Accounting Practice.

The financial statements have been prepared to give a 'true and fair' view and have departed from the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 only to the extent required to provide a 'true and fair view'. This departure has involved following the Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland issued in October 2019 rather than the Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice effective from 1 April 2005 which has since been withdrawn.

3. Accounting policies

(a) Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, as modified by the revaluation of certain items measured at fair value through income or expenditure.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the entity, and rounded to the nearest £.

(b) Going concern

There are no material uncertainties about the charity's ability to continue.

(c) Fund accounting

Unrestricted funds are available for use at the discretion of the trustees to further any of the charity's purposes.

Designated funds are unrestricted funds earmarked by the trustees for particular future project or commitment.

(d) Income

All income is included in the statement of financial activities when entitlement has passed to the charity, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the charity and the amount can be reliably measured. The following specific policies are applied to particular categories of income:

- 8 -

The Ranworth Trust

Notes to the financial statements (continued)

Year ended 5 April 2022

3. Accounting policies (continued)

(e) Expenditure

Expenditure is recognised on an accruals basis as a liability is incurred. Expenditure includes any VAT which cannot be fully recovered, and is classified under headings of the statement of financial activities to which it relates:

All costs are allocated to expenditure categories reflecting the use of the resource. Direct costs attributable to a single activity are allocated directly to that activity. Shared costs are apportioned between the activities they contribute to on a reasonable, justifiable and consistent basis.

(f) Investments

Unlisted equity investments are initially recorded at cost, and subsequently measured at fair value. If fair value cannot be reliably measured, assets are measured at cost less impairment.

Listed investments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value being recognised in income or expenditure.

(g) Financial instruments

The Charity only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

(h) Debtors and creditors receivable / payable within one year

Debtors and creditors with no stated interest rate and receivable or payable within one year are recorded at transaction price. Any losses arising from impairment are recognised in expenditure.

(i) Cash at bank

Cash at bank and cash in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less.

4. Investment income

Unrestricted Total Funds Unrestricted Total Funds
Funds 2022 Funds 2021
£ £ £ £
Deposit interest received 1 1 3 3
Income from quoted securities 136,574 136,574 130,609 130,609
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
136,575 136,575 130,612 130,612
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶

- 9 -

The Ranworth Trust

Notes to the financial statements (continued)

Year ended 5 April 2022

5. Expenditure on charitable activities

Unrestricted Total Funds Unrestricted Total Funds
Funds 2022 Funds 2021
£ £ £ £
Grants paid 230,200 230,200 171,000 171,000
Bank charges 693 693 629 629
Governance costs 3,078 3,078 2,958 2,958
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
233,971 233,971 174,587 174,587
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
Analysis of Grants:
2022 2021
£ £
Education
Benedetti Foundation 2,000
Fairhaven C.E. V.A. Primary School -
South Walsham 3,500
UEA Scholarship 10,700 10,000
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
12,700 13,500
Health and Medical
Alzheimer's Research Trust 10,000 10,000
Anthony Nolan 5,000 5,000
Cancer Research UK 10,000 10,000
Coeliac Society 2,000 2,000
MND Association 5,000
Marie Curie Cancer Care 5,000 5,000
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
37,000 32,000
Environment
Norfolk Wildlife Trust 5,000 5,000
Save The Rhino 1,000 1,000
ৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄ
6,000 6,000
Developing Countries
Medecins Sans Frontieres 10,000 10,000
Practical Action 10,000 10,000
SightSavers 10,000 10,000
Water Aid 10,000 10,000
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
40,000 40,000
Social and Welfare
BREAK 5,000 5,000
Canine Partners for Independence 1,000 1,000
East Anglian Air Ambulance 5,000 5,000
East Anglia's Children's Hospices 5,000 5,000
Ellen MacArthur Cancer Trust 5,000 5,000
Excelsior Trust 15,000
Fareshare East Anglia 4,000
Hearing Dogs for Deaf People 1,000 1,000
Hope and Homes for Children 10,000 5,000
Identity Youth Project 3,500
Mancroft Advice Project 10,000 10,000
Matthew Project 2,500
Norfolk Boat Trust 2,000
Norfolk Community Foundation 50,000 20,000
Ormiston Families 6,000 6,000

- 10 -

The Ranworth Trust

Notes to the financial statements (continued)

Year ended 5 April 2022

St Mary Magdalene PCC 3,500
Street Child 5,000
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
129,500 67,000
Arts
East Anglian Arts Foundation 1,000 1,000
Original Projects 4,000 6,500
Sainsbury Centre 5,000
ৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
5,000 12,500
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Total grants 230,200 171,000
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
6. Analysis of governance costs
Unrestricted Total Funds Unrestricted Total Funds
Funds 2022 Funds 2021
£ £ £ £
Accountancy fees - current year 3,078 3,078 2,958 2,958
৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶
7. Net gains on investments
Unrestricted Total Funds Unrestricted Total Funds
Funds 2022 Funds 2021
£ £ £ £
Gains/(losses) on listed investments 524,655 524,655 698,212 698,212
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
8. Independent examination fees
2022 2021
£ £
Fees payable to the independent examiner for:
Independent examination of the financial statements 2,838
৶৶৶৶৶৶
2,958
৶৶৶৶৶৶

9. Staff costs

No salaries or wages have been paid to employees during either the current or previous year.

10. Trustee remuneration and expenses

No Trustee received either remuneration or expenses during the current or previous year.

- 11 -

The Ranworth Trust

Notes to the financial statements (continued)

Year ended 5 April 2022

11. Investments

Listed
investments
£
Cost or valuation
At 6 April 2021 5,328,187
Additions 1,185,986
Disposals (1,299,763)
Net gains/losses 524,655
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
At 5 April 2022 5,739,065
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
Impairment
At 6 April 2021 and 5 April 2022
Carrying amount
At 5 April 2022 5,739,065
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
At 5 April 2021 5,328,187
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶

All investments shown above are held at valuation.

Financial assets held at fair value

The fair value of listed securities is determined by reference to the quoted price for these assets in an active market at the balance sheet date.

Investments comprise the following:

Investments comprise the following:
2022 2021
£ £
Listed securities 5,573,996 5,112,546
Cash held for re-investment 165,069 215,641
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
5,739,065
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
5,328,187
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶

No investments in individual entities held at 5 April 2022 were over 5% of the portfolio value.

12. Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

2022 2021
£ £
Accruals and deferred income 5,898 2,820
Other creditors 5,000
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄ
10,898 2,820
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶

- 12 -

The Ranworth Trust

Notes to the financial statements (continued)

Year ended 5 April 2022

13. Analysis of charitable funds

Unrestricted funds

At Gains and At
6 April 2021 Income Expenditure Transfers losses 5 April 2022
£ £ £ £ £ £
General funds 13,294 136,575 (233,971) 144,755 60,653
Capital account 5,241,225 (44,755) 524,655 5,721,125
Covid-19
Emergency Fund 100,000 (100,000)
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
5,354,519 136,575 (233,971) 524,655 5,781,778
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
At Gains and At
6 April 2020 Income Expenditure Transfers losses 5 April 2021
£ £ £ £ £ £
General funds 107,435 130,612 (174,587) (50,166) 13,294
Capital account 4,592,847 (49,834) 698,212 5,241,225
Covid-19
Emergency Fund 100,000 100,000
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
4,700,282
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
130,612
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
(174,587)
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶

৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
698,212
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
5,354,519
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶

14. Analysis of net assets between funds

Year ended 5 April 2022

Net current Total Funds
Investments assets 2022
£ £ £
Unrestricted Income Funds:
General funds 17,940 42,713 60,653
Capital account 5,721,125 5,721,125
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Total funds 5,739,065 42,713 5,781,778
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶
Year ended 5 April 2021
Net current Total Funds
Investments assets 2021
£ £ £
Unrestricted Income Funds:
General funds 13,294 13,294
Capital account 5,328,187 (86,962) 5,241,225
Covid-19 Emergency Fund 100,000 100,000
ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ ৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄৄ
Total funds 5,328,187 26,332 5,354,519
৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶

- 13 -

The Ranworth Trust

Notes to the financial statements (continued)

Year ended 5 April 2022

15. Financial instruments

The carrying amount for each category of financial instrument is as follows:

2022 2021 £ £ Financial assets measured at fair value through income and expenditure Fixed asset listed investments (note 11) 5,739,065 5,328,187 ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶ ৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶৶

16. Related parties

There were no related party transactions during either the current or previous year.

- 14 -