## **(A Charitable Company Limited by Guarantee)** 

## **ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** 

## **31st December 2021** 

**Company Number: 01765239** 

**Registered Charity Number: 290866** 



Lhasa Limited CONTENTS 

|**Contents**|**Page**|
|---|---|
|Mission Statement|1|
|Officers and Professional Advisors|3|
|Directors’ and Trustees’ Report|4|
|Statement of Trustees’ Responsibilities|19|
|Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Lhasa Limited|20|
|Statement of Financial Activities (incorporating an income and||
|expenditure account)|23|
|Balance Sheet|24|
|Statement of Cash Flows|25|
|Accounting Policies|26|
|Notes to the Financial Statements|31|



Lhasa Limited Granary Wharf House 2 Canal Wharf Leeds LS11 5PS United Kingdom Tel: + 44 (0) 113 394 6020 Fax: + 44 (0) 113 394 6099 Email: marketing@lhasalimited.org Web: www.lhasalimited.org 



Lhasa Limited MISSION STATEMENT 

## _**OBJECTIVES**_ 

Lhasa Limited is a not-for-profit, charitable organisation whose objective is to promote scientific knowledge and understanding through the development of computer-aided reasoning and information systems in chemistry and the chemistry-related sciences. 

## _**OUR MISSION**_ 

Shared Knowledge, Shared Progress 

## _**OUR VISION**_ 

“To be acknowledged and trusted by our members and the scientific community as the world leader in knowledge and data sharing for chemistry-related sciences” 


1 



Lhasa Limited
MISSION STATEMENT
We are
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challenges.
Collaborative
Passionate
We always work for
mLrtua benefft.
We care atx)ut what
we do.
Transparent
Consistent
Professional
We are open, honest
and respectful.
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Lhasa Limited OFFICERS AND PROFESSIONAL ADVISORS 

|Chairman:|Dr C Alexander-White|
|---|---|
|Deputy Chairman:|Mr S Marsland|
|Other Trustees:|Mr A Bowie|
||Dr R Brennan|
||Dr K Dobo|
||Prof V Gillet (resigned 16 June 2021)|
||Dr S Glowienke (retired 16 June 2021)|
||Dr S Gutsell (appointed 16 June 2021)|
||Dr J Harvey|
||Mr D Hollins (retired 16 June 2021)|
||Mr D Ratcliffe|
|Chief Executive Officer:|Dr C Barber|
|Registered Office:|Granary Wharf House|
||2 Canal Wharf|
||Holbeck|
||Leeds|
||LS11 5PS|
|Auditors:|Mazars LLP|
||5thFloor|
||3 Wellington Place|
||Leeds|
||LS1 4AP|
|Bankers:|HSBC Bank|
||33 Park Row|
||Leeds|
||LS1 1LD|
|Solicitors:|Irwin Mitchell LLP|
||2 Wellington Place|
||Leeds|
||LS1 4BZ|
|Registered Charity Number:|290866|
|Company Number:|01765239|



3 



## Lhasa Limited DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

The Board of Trustees presents the report and financial statements of Lhasa Limited for the year ended 31 December 2021. The statements appear in the format required by the Statement of Recommended Practice for Accounting and Reporting by Charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019). 

The report and statements also comply with the Companies Act 2006 (as amended August 2013) as Lhasa Limited was incorporated as a Company Limited by Guarantee on 27 October 1983. It has no share capital and is a registered charity. The guarantee of each member is limited to £10. The governing documents are the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the company and members of the Board of Trustees are the Directors of the company. 

## **1. STRUCTURE GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT** 

The Charity is governed by its Articles of Association (June 2013), it’s Memorandum of Association (June 2006) and its Codes of Practice (December 2008). 

## _**GOVERNANCE**_ 

The governing bodies consist of a Board of Trustees, responsible for the governance of the Charity; a Scientific Advisory Board, responsible for scientific matters, and a Finance and Investment SubCommittee, responsible for working with our Investment Managers (Brewin Dolphin, Leeds and Investec Wealth & Investment, Leeds), which reports to the Board of Trustees. All of these bodies meet quarterly in Leeds when it is possible to do so or virtually when it is not. 

## _**RECRUITMENT, INDUCTION AND TRAINING OF TRUSTEES**_ 

In accordance with policy, Trustees are recruited either by recommendation or via a recruitment process for their specific skills defined as a requirement by the Board of Trustees. Upon approval, potential Trustees are sent an induction pack covering their obligations under Charity and Company Law; Articles of Association; Memorandum of Association and Codes of Practice; company policies and a non-disclosure agreement. Potential Trustees are invited to attend a maximum of two meetings as observers and after these two meetings the Board of Trustees and the individual consider their suitability to act as a Trustee ahead of their formal acceptance to the post. Upon acceptance and appointment, Trustees receive an induction to the business, covering key aspects of the organisation, its operations and salient Health and Safety information. 

Charity Commission news and guidelines on good governance are reported to the Board on a quarterly basis. 

## _**MEMBERSHIP OF LHASA LIMITED**_ 

As at the Annual General Meeting held on 16 June 2021, there were 526 members of which 166 were full members, 344 associate, 1 honorary and 15 affiliate members of Lhasa Limited. At the Ordinary General Meeting held on 15 December 2021, there were 560 members of which 167 were full, 378 associate, 1 honorary and 14 affiliate members. A list of Lhasa Limited member organisations can be found on the Lhasa Limited website (www.lhasalimited.org). 

4 



Lhasa Limited DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

## _**MANAGEMENT AND STAFFING**_ 

Day to day management is delegated to the Chief Executive Officer who leads the management team based in Leeds. Key members of the management team are: 

Chief Executive Officer Dr C Barber Director of Applied Sciences Dr C Heghes Director of Science Dr A Oliveira Head of Finance Ms C Williams Head of Information Technology Mr P Thomas Head of People and Culture Ms S Kelly Head of Software Development Ms L Baker Product Manager Dr N Marchetti Business Improvement Manager Dr G Poignant 

The Chief Executive Officer formally reports to the Board of Trustees through a quarterly report and by attendance at quarterly meetings of the Board of Trustees. Progress is reviewed with the Chairman, the immediate past Chairman and Deputy Chairman monthly, via telephone conference. 

At 31 December 2021, staff numbers stood at 157 against the 162 of the previous year. 

## **Remuneration Policy** 

The Board of Trustees give up their time freely and no trustee received remuneration in the year. Details of Trustees’ expenses are disclosed in note 7 to the accounts. The Board of Trustees entrust the directing, controlling, running and operation of the Charity to the Chief Executive Officer who is supported by the key management personnel. The pay of the senior staff is reviewed annually and increased in accordance with the company remuneration policy which is applicable to all Lhasa staff. 

## _**PUBLIC BENEFIT**_ 

The Lhasa Limited Board of Trustees holds in high regard the principle of public benefit and requires the Chief Executive Officer and staff of Lhasa Limited to pursue policies that demonstrate this. The Board of Trustees, at its quarterly meetings, reviews ongoing charitable activities to ensure consistency with our charitable objects. The Board of Trustees is aware of the Charity Commission’s guidance on public benefit and has had regard to it in determining the Charity’s aims and objectives and in the way it carries out its activities. 

For the public benefit, the Charity is committed to enabling scientists to make better predictions on the safety of drugs, chemicals and cosmetics by providing members with software systems that support research on toxicology, metabolism and degradation data. The Charity is committed to the development and use of computer-aided reasoning and information systems for the advancement of chemistry and the life sciences. This further benefits the public by: 

- reducing the need for animal testing; 

- improving the lengthy and costly process of developing new drugs; and 

- safeguarding human health from the adverse effects of chemicals. 

Our Membership model and charitable status facilitates the sharing of confidential data with Lhasa that supports collaborative development of more accurate predictive software which would not normally be made available. This position has been recognised in EU public/private partnership projects in which Lhasa is recognised as the eponymous ‘Honest Broker’ for the management of confidential data. During 2021, Lhasa hosted data within the EU Project eTRANSAFE and ran 7 data sharing consortia (where consortia members gain access to the donated data). In addition, members continue to donate data to Lhasa that is being used to improve models available to all sponsoring 

5 



## Lhasa Limited 

## DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

Lhasa members (thereby sharing knowledge derived from private data). These donations are supporting the improvement of predictions made within Derek, Effiris, Sarah, Mirabilis and Zeneth. Effiris is a qualitative model suite that uses a machine-learning technique to apply privacy-preserving knowledge transfer in order to learn from multiple sources of proprietary data. 

In support of its charitable purpose, Lhasa has made freely available the Lhasa Carcinogenicity Database – ensuring continued access to data that used to be provided by CPDB which is no longer available. This valuable dataset has been supplemented with additional data ensuring it will continue to provide public benefit. 

The charitable aims of Lhasa Limited include the sponsorship of activities that advance scientific knowledge and understanding through the use of computer-aided reasoning in chemistry and the life sciences. The Charity directly promotes and encourages the use of our software for academic teaching and research by offering membership on significantly preferential terms. In addition, the Charity actively supports research through the teaching of the use of computer aided reasoning in toxicology and the sponsorship of: 

- computational chemistry events; 

- scientific symposia and academic prizes; and 

- research projects and scientific training to Ph.D. level. 

As well as performing research and development, the Charity is committed to providing financial support for others to carry out their own research and to discuss their findings to further advance and refine the science. Specifically, the Charity provides support for research within academic institutions and the outcomes of this research, and that of our own scientists, are disseminated through publications, talks and poster presentations at relevant scientific events all around the world, encouraging further work in the public domain. 

The software developed by the Charity enables the scientific community to carry out research much more effectively, reducing animal use in experiments, helping to improve toxicological testing and improving the communication of knowledge about toxicology and metabolism. Members, academic scientists and government regulatory organisations benefit from the unique data and knowledgesharing approach of Lhasa Limited, enhancing quality of life by assisting in the development of, and access to, safer chemical entities for the benefit of the public. Lhasa works closely with its membership to identify new areas of application for computer aided reasoning and develops specialist software that meets that need. 

Our position as a Charity makes it easier for organisations to donate their data, secure in the knowledge that it will only be used to promote scientific development to the benefit of all and, as such, we are able to access data and knowledge that would otherwise not be accessible. In addition, our position is seen as key for sharing contributed data (for example our role in the IMI eTRANSAFE consortia (see page 9 and page 12) where we hold the position of “honest broker”), which further expands (and makes more effective) the scope of scientific collaboration for the public benefit. 

Membership and software sponsorship fees are used to support the ongoing research and development carried out by the Charity. Through the generous funding of our main sponsors, Lhasa Limited is able to offer very low fees to academic organisations and public non-political bodies to ensure that its knowledge is available to the widest possible public audience. In addition, members contribute the results of their own research, thereby making scientific research publicly available that would not otherwise be accessible to the scientific community. The Charity therefore plays an invaluable role by bringing previously unpublished information into the public domain, and permitting the knowledge derived from this to be used by the scientific community for the public benefit. 

The science behind our efforts on behalf of members is published in accredited scientific journals and our scientists attend conferences across the world in order to promote our charitable purpose. During 

6 



## Lhasa Limited DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

2021 Lhasa had 14 articles published, made 8 presentations to conferences and presented 6 scientific posters. 

## _**RESERVES POLICY**_ 

Lhasa Limited’s reserves policy requires the retention of funds sufficient to encompass: 

- The balance on tangible and intangible fixed assets for use by the Charity to avoid having to liquidate functional assets to release cash less all loans associated directly with these assets. 

- To cover at least 3 months of the direct costs and support costs, agreed in the budget at meetings of the Board of Directors. Reserves held are not anticipated to be required in excess of 6 months direct costs and support costs. 

- Funds to enable designated expenses and provisions which are anticipated to be greater than £200,000 less any external funding of them. 

- The reserves policy is reviewed annually to take into consideration perceived risks and opportunities. Lhasa revised its reserves policy in 2017 to reflect the changing needs since the previous major change in 2010. The current policy has been reviewed in 2021 and is felt still appropriate to Lhasa’s future reserves needs. 

## CURRENT POSITION 

Based upon the above our present position is: 

||**Dec-21**|
|---|---|
||**£'000s**|
|**Unrestricted Reserves**|**£19,338**|
|**Fixed Assets**|**£6,617**|
|**Designated Pension Deficit Top Up Fund**|**-**|
|**Designated Development Fund**|**£2,000**|
|**Total Designated Funds (excluding Pension Provision)**|**£8,617**|
|**Free Reserves**|**£10,721**|
|**2022 Forecasted Costs - 25%**|**£3,911**|
|**2022 Forecasted Costs - 50%**|**£7,823**|



Free reserves are £2,898k above the maximum that the Board of Directors would normally expect to hold. Additional reserves were accrued during 2020 as a result of prudent action taken in response to the coronavirus pandemic, during 2021 the challenge of recruiting has resulted in a further increase to reserves. Following the USS 2020 valuation a new Recovery Plan is now in place and as such the Designated Pension Deficit Top Up Fund is no longer required. The trustees have identified opportunities to support further development of Lhasa’s charitable objectives over the next 3-5 years and have established a £2,000k Designated Fund for this purpose and, in addition to continued investment during 2022 and 2023 is planned to bring reserves back below the maximum level. In accordance with the policy we have designated funds equal to tangible and intangible fixed assets and all additional designated funds are allocated from the balance of Fixed Assets. 

## _**Fixed assets**_ 

The movement in intangible and tangible fixed assets are set out in notes 8 and 9 respectively. 

7 



Lhasa Limited DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

## _**INVESTMENT**_ 

During 2012, in accordance with Charity Commission guidelines, the Board of Trustees took the decision to review the investment policy of the Charity and to invest a proportion of the Charity’s reserves. Brewin Dolphin were appointed as investment managers for the Charity, reporting to the Board of Trustees through the Finance and Investment Sub-Committee (FIC). During 2021 the investment policy was reviewed and updated to meet the current needs of Lhasa. An additional Investment Manager, Investec Wealth & Investment was appointed in 2018. 

The Investment advisers produce detailed written reports which value the portfolio and record its respective performance statistics, these are presented to the FIC on a quarterly basis. An integral part of the regular meetings is a discussion on the content of the report with particular reference to the performance aspect. 

As at 31 December 2021, the total investment portfolios held were valued at £9,920k (2020: £7,620k). The portfolios produced an annual gross income of £134k (2020: £77k), which is equivalent to a gross yield of 1.35% (2020: 1.0%). The Brewin Dolphin portfolio was initiated with an investment of £750k in 2013. During both 2014 and 2015 an additional sum of £500k was added to the portfolio,in 2020 a further sum of £2,000k was added and in in 2021 there was a further addition of £1,150k; giving a total invested of £4,900k. An additional portfolio was initiated with Investec Wealth & Investment in November 2018 with an initial investment of £500k. During both 2019 and 2020 an additional sum of £1,000k was added to this portfolio and in 2021 there was a further addition of £1,150k; giving a total invested of £3,650k. All sums invested are specifically approved by the Board of Trustees. 

Both portfolios showed a net gain during 2021 as a result of continued recovery following the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic. Lhasa Limited hold investments with a long term view and are receiving regular updates from our Investment Managers to ensure that the portfolios are still appropriate for our risk appetite and both have confirmed that the portfolios remain suitable and are in line with our investment objectives. 

The structure of the portfolios are in accordance with the current Investment Policy. 

## _**Investment Policy**_ 

Lhasa Limited receives income on an annual basis through membership subscriptions, sponsorships, grants and other sources. It plans activities over a three to five year time horizon and budgets to expend all anticipated income in each year, except for retained reserves in line with the reserves policy, and provides for capital expenditure within the budget or through designated income funds. 

Lhasa Limited will review and determine its investment policy and attitude to risk in consultation with its Investment Managers having regards to its objectives and operating financial conditions. Lhasa Limited has a dual objective of income and real growth. 

The portfolios will target growth with the objective of protecting the capital value of the fund against inflation. Income is retained on the portfolios. 

A strategy of limiting risk by matching to a degree the types of assets invested in, to the obligations or liabilities of the Fund has been adopted. The balance between investing for growth and investing for income with the best fit or match to liabilities is a judgment requiring regular reappraisal, constrained only by the requirement to achieve an average moderate risk rating. 

Lhasa Limited recognises that the portfolios will be invested in assets that will rise and fall in value in the short term but are most likely to show a positive return over an intermediate period of time. 

8 



## Lhasa Limited 

## DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

Lhasa Limited further recognises that investments in this area will require a minimum time horizon of five years or more. 

The suitability of various types of investments has been considered, as has the need to diversify investments to reduce the risk of being invested in too narrow a range of assets. Investments in significant holdings (>10% of the portfolio) are not permitted. 

These principles are reviewed annually and discussed at least quarterly at the regular review meetings between our Investment Managers and the FIC. 

Lhasa Limited is keen to maintain the liquidity of its investments and so would not wish to invest in the most speculative instruments. 

Lhasa Limited keeps sufficient cash separate to its investment assets to meet short-term working capital needs. Lhasa also keeps sufficient cash savings to meet mid-term cash needs. Lhasa Limited will only place funds with the Investment Managers in excess of these funds. 

The FIC reviews Lhasa’s liquidity on a quarterly basis and reports back to the Board of Trustees. 

Investments may be excluded if they run counter to the work of the Charity or result in loss of financial support. 

Lhasa Limited appoint professional Investment Managers to manage the assets on a discretionary basis, in line with this investment policy. 

The Investment Managers are responsible for monitoring their own performance and formally reporting it (in actual and comparative terms) to the FIC quarterly. The trustees have agreed with the Investment Managers that the management of the portfolio must be within detailed tactical asset allocation (TAA). Should the agreed TAA boundaries need to be deviated from, which would only be expected in exceptional circumstances, then express permission will be required by the Investment Manager from Lhasa Limited to do so. 

Any changes to this allocation must be presented by the Investment Managers, to the FIC or Trustees and subsequently approved. 

The Investment Managers will provide quarterly information to the FIC with a minimum disclosure of: valuation of investment; annual estimated income and yield; trading activity; performance and commentary. 

Performance will be measured against agreed market indices and inflation. 

## **2. STRATEGIC REPORT** 

## _**ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE**_ 

## _**Membership**_ 

In line with the improved sponsorship income, membership levels increased from 463 in 2020 to 560 in 2021. 

## _**Vision**_ 

Lhasa Limited’s continuing participation in the IMI eTRANSAFE and Horizon 2020 EU ToxRisk projects (see page 12) and numerous Lhasa data sharing consortia is a clear indication of a continuing acceptance of Lhasa Limited’s role at the heart of knowledge and data sharing in our chosen field and, as such, is in line both with our vision and our charitable objects. Furthermore, participation in projects of this type promotes further opportunities for the public to benefit from our activities as we 

9 



## Lhasa Limited 

## DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

widen our scope of influence and provide additional support for the use of computer aided reasoning in the sector. 

## _**Company Objectives & Strategy**_ 

The Board of Trustees reviews progress against the Company Objectives at each Board Meeting in the light of the prevailing operating climate and changes are made to objectives and strategies as required. 

All aspects of strategy are monitored throughout the year and formally reviewed at least biannually by the internal Strategy Group in the light of new market and scientific information. Changes in tactics are managed operationally and any suggested changes to strategy are recommended to the Board of Trustees. A review of strategy is made annually by the Board of Trustees with the last one taking place in December 2020. 

## _**Key Performance Indicators**_ 

The Board of Trustees task the CEO and senior management team to work to a budget, agreed annually, for income and associated expenditure in support of the charity’s aims; performance is monitored each quarter by the Trustees. Lhasa membership numbers are increasing, which support our efforts to promote the use of computer aided reasoning in chemistry and the life sciences. In 2021 8 presentations associated with conferences, 14 publications and 6 posters were presented by Lhasa Limited staff (2020: 9 presentations associated with conferences, 10 publications and 6 posters). 

## _**Research and Development**_ 

The science team continued to maintain and develop the scientific components (data, knowledge bases, algorithms) that power our existing products (Vitic, Derek Nexus, Zeneth, Mirabilis, Sarah Nexus, Meteor Nexus), in addition to progressing new scientific innovations to enhance current products or leading to the delivery of new products (Kaptis and Effiris). Additionally, the science team have continued to provide scientific support for our existing and future products which included interactions with members and the delivery of presentations, posters and publications. 

Highlights for the year include: 

- Development of the knowledge bases in Derek, Zeneth and Mirabilis, improving predictivity and coverage for the use-cases identified in Lhasa’s product strategy. 

- Enhancements to the training set and predictions within Sarah Nexus. 

- Expansion of the core Vitic database and Vitic databases used to support collaborative projects. 

- Enhancing member’s QSAR models for secondary pharmacology endpoints, through the production of hybrid models and development of supporting infrastructure. 

## _**Toxicity prediction (Derek Nexus and Sarah Nexus)**_ 

The development of Derek Nexus (DX) and Sarah Nexus (SX) to meet two key use cases (below) continued as planned. The two use cases and key results are: 

- Assessing the mutagenicity of pharmaceutical impurities (DX+SX), a key requirement of members for the use of the software in the regulatory context of the international ICH M7 guidelines. Additional mutagenicity datasets have been curated and stored in the Vitic database, which has supported the expansion of the Sarah Nexus training set. In addition to further development of models that satisfy ICH M7, an expert review workflow has been released that guides the user to make an informed decision when reviewing the predictions from two complementary systems. 

- Predicting the risk of skin sensitisation for product and occupational safety assessments (DX), where alternative methods for hazard and risk assessments are being pursued by members in response to an increased focus on predicting human safety and legal/ethical restrictions on carrying out studies in experimental animals. The skin sensitisation alerts within the knowledge base were further developed as was the potency prediction (EC3) 

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## Lhasa Limited DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

model. The predictions for skin sensitisation generated by Derek Nexus act as inputs for Lhasa’s published defined approach. 

## _**Adverse outcome pathways (Kaptis)**_ 

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) can act as a framework to organise evidence to support toxicity risk assessments. Kaptis has been developed by Lhasa to allow experts across industries to share mechanistic knowledge, and interactively explore toxicity pathways. The science team continues to develop AOPs that capture established mechanisms leading to carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. AOPs are also providing the backdrop for many interactions and collaborations with academia, industry and regulators. 

## _**Secondary pharmacology (Effiris)**_ 

Effiris will provide a suite of federated QSARs models enabling members to profile the secondary pharmacology of novel compounds using public models, which have been trained on numerous proprietary datasets without revealing the underlying confidential data on which they are trained. The underlying technology has been developed by the science team, allowing members to store models and run predictions. The number of endpoints has been further expanded proving the wide applicability of this approach. 

## _**Toxicity Data (Vitic and Lhasa Carcinogenicity Database)**_ 

Vitic has been rewritten to improve the functionality of our flagship toxicity database and the dataset expanded with a focus on genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, sensitisation and irritation. In addition, the Vitic Nexus platform is continuing to support several data sharing initiatives including Aromatic Amines, Production Intermediates, Exposure Limits for Pharmaceutical Impurities (PDE), Excipients and Elemental Impurities. The Lhasa Carcinogenicity Database was also further developed by the science team, with the curation of additional records. 

## _**Forced degradation (Zeneth)**_ 

Zeneth continues to be developed to support members’ understanding of potential degradation pathways. A new version of Zeneth was released giving an improved interface and processing speed. In addition improved algorithms now take into account pKa and bond disassociation energy when scoring the likelihood of degradant formation. The knowledge base was also improved through the implementation of new transformations and a wider range of excipients, many of which were requested by members. 

## _**Impurity tracking (Mirabilis)**_ 

Mirabilis enables users to predict whether potential impurities will be removed (purged) from pharmaceutical products during their synthesis. Mirabilis has established itself as the leading tool to support use of the purge argument to satisfy option 4 of the ICH M7 guideline. The science team is helping maintain this position through further development of the Mirabilis knowledge base to cover additional impurity and reaction types – with a particular focus on nitrosamines – impurities that can be introduced during drug synthesis and may pose a carcinogenic risk. 

## _**Metabolism (Meteor)**_ 

Meteor remains Lhasa’s solution for the prediction of the metabolic fate of compounds. During an EU-funded collaboration, the science team used Meteor in a read-across approach which can account for metabolic similarity. 

## _**Strategic Projects**_ 

During 2021, ongoing strategic projects were completed on schedule and additional research commissioned on projects funded directly by members, with outputs being made generally available to members in releases scheduled for 2021/2022. 

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Lhasa Limited DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

## _**Key Collaborations**_ 

## _**USA Food and Drug Administration Research Collaboration Agreement**_ 

The FDA RCA (Research Collaboration Agreement) allowing for research collaboration and access to Lhasa software by the FDA progressed well through 2021. The FDA also continue to provide valuable feedback/input for the further development of Mirabilis, and Effiris which they also have access to. This project benefits the outputs of computer-aided reasoning in chemistry and the life sciences in accordance with our charitable objects by providing the regulatory feedback needed to ensure our software remains regulatory applicable and to support regulatory access to ensure public safety. 

## _**IMI - eTRANSAFE Project**_ 

Working as part of a consortium of 13 EFPIA pharmaceutical companies and 14 SME/Academic partners, Lhasa Limited is developing state-of-the-art database technology for the management, hosting and sharing (where appropriate) of the confidential and non-confidential SEND/non-SEND formatted preclinical project data with the objective of significantly enhancing translational safety assessment when compared to human clinical findings. This project officially began in September 2018 and will run for a period of 4.5 years until February 2023. Lhasa’s role as the Business Broker supporting the sustainability of eTOXsys, the outcome of the eTOX project, remains closely integrated with the activities of the eTRANSAFE project consortia. 

## _**Lhasa sponsored data sharing projects**_ 

During 2021 Lhasa continued to drive the following data sharing projects: 

- Intermediate Impurities (including Aryl Boronic acids) 

- Aromatic Amines 

- Excipients 

- Elemental Impurities 

- PDEs 

- Sharing of Nitrites in Excipients data between Pharmaceutical companies 

The following new data sharing project was set up: 

- Complex Nitrosamines (to support the assessment of the mutagenic risk posed by structurally complex impurities) 

## _**Training**_ 

As part of the Lhasa Limited service to its members, and in support of education of individual users at each of our member organisations, 141 training sessions were given overall with 1 at member sites and 140 via the web. The pandemic continued to impact our ability to run face to training sessions in 2021. 

## _**Lhasa Limited Face to Face and Virtual Events**_ 

Lhasa Limited continues to run a number of events to share knowledge and experience in chemistry and the life sciences as it applies to the future developments of the Charity’s collaborative tools. The pandemic continued to impact our ability to run face to face events in 2021 and as such all events were virtual throughout the year. During 2021 we held 7 virtual events some of which were held at more than one time (attracting a total of 874 external logins). 

## _**Conferences**_ 

The Covid pandemic continued to impact conferences, however Lhasa Limited staff attended 15 virtual events (conferences and external webinars) in support of our aims, philosophy, services and charitable objects. 

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Lhasa Limited DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

## _**Publications**_ 

A key part of the work of Lhasa Limited is the expansion in the understanding of toxicology, metabolism and degradation prediction. During 2021 this objective was achieved by the delivery of 8 presentations to conferences, 14 publications and 6 posters. 

## _**Sponsorship**_ 

The Board of Trustees have approved a number of sponsorship activities in accordance with Lhasa Limited’s charitable objects including: 

- The sponsorship of PhD students at the: 

   - University of Sheffield – Representation of Chemical Structure for Deep Learning 

   - University of Oxford - Investigating graph-based machine learning methods in drug discovery 

   - University of Leeds - Reactivity data for prediction models in chemical syntheses 

- Sponsorship of Evaluation of N-Nitrosamines webinar organised by Scientific Update UK 

## _**Member facing activity**_ 

Lhasa Limited is justifiably proud of its record of supporting members. During 2021 we continued to provide first class account management and technical support through our 11 strong team of Application Scientists and Support Engineers employed by Lhasa Limited in Leeds and our 3 home based US Account Managers employed on Lhasa Limited’s behalf by Foothold America. Our members are regularly surveyed for their views on the support we provide and in 2021 our approval rating was 98%. 

## **3. FINANCIAL REVIEW** 

## _**Funding Sources**_ 

Lhasa Limited receives the bulk of its income from membership fees, software sponsorship fees and buying-in fees from members using Lhasa software for their own research and development purposes and royalty fees from consultants using Lhasa software to provide results to third parties, with the aim of attracting significant income from the additional sponsorship of specific research and development projects. The results derived from these projects are incorporated into the software available to the whole Lhasa Limited membership. 

Lhasa Limited is involved in several externally funded research projects. As well as the EU and data sharing projects mentioned above, during 2021, the Charity continued to run various strategic projects, including a fragrance data capture project with Unilever and the fragrance manufacturers , a collaboration with Boehringer in order to store their in-house data within a bespoke version of Vitic, Kaptis for the knowledge management of Adverse Outcome Pathways and Effiris for building models for secondary pharmacology targets through privacy preserving knowledge transfer. The Japanese NIHS continued to fund a long standing research collaboration with Lhasa, with the focus (for 2021) on continuing the improvement of the prediction of development/repro toxicity adverse outcome pathways which is in-line with the goal of increasing understanding of computational methods in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, personal products and chemical applications. 

## _**Results for the year**_ 

The surplus for the financial year 2021 was £2,653k (2020 £4,080k). Income for the 2021 financial year increased as a number of new organisations bought into the database systems. The majority of existing customers renewed their membership and continued to licence the software. The geographical income split for 2021 (2020) was: 

Europe 40% (41%) Americas 31% (31%) Asia 29% (28%) 

The value of the software systems owned and developed by Lhasa Limited decreased slightly during 2021 by £193k (2020: increased by £979k), a further £79k (2020:£282k) was invested in new product 

13 



## Lhasa Limited DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

development in 2021. In 2021 Lhasa Limited continued to deliver work for the strategic projects which included eTRANSAFE. The capitalisation of staff effort expended in developing the database systems during 2021 was £1,142k (2020: £1,235k) which was offset by their amortisation charges during the year of £1,256k (2020: £1,039k). 

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019) - (Charities SORP (FRS 102)). The notes to the financial statements on pages 31 to 41 indicate how the income totalling £15,694k (2020 £14,045k) represents the commitment of the existing customers to the Charity and each of the databases. 

The expenditure has been allocated on the same basis as income across the main activities, the allocation of the costs being based on the staff hours spent on each database together with the direct costs incurred. 

The governance costs totalling £46k (2020:£48k) are detailed in note 4 on page 32 and include the management time incurred in assisting the Board of Trustees to fulfil their duties. 

Lhasa has provided for its share of the material USS pension deficit funding liability following the valuation of the scheme as at 31 March 2020 which amount to £2,447k. This provision will be used to reduce the scheme deficit over the next 17 years 3 months to 31 March 2038. 

The Charity has prepared a budget for the year ended 31 December 2022 which indicates a surplus of £1,018k for the coming year. This budget is based on identified income sources and planned costs. This budget was approved by the Board in December 2021. 

The level of income and the Charity’s year end position in 2021 were positive and very satisfactory. 

## **4. FUTURE PROSPECTS** 

## _**Income**_ 

To directly address the further development of the Charity, the Charity has released, and continues to develop, new software with an identified market to provide a broader base of support for member needs in accordance with our charitable objectives. The focus will remain on increasing value to our membership through the development of existing and new software alongside the further development of strategic, collaborative projects that meet our member’s future needs, and together will further safeguard the longer term future of the Charity. 

Income growth from core sponsorship has remained strong for 2021 at 13.1% (2020:11.8%) representing an excellent performance which indicates that the chosen strategic direction and overall approach of the Charity is right for the current economic climate. The budgeted income growth from core sponsorship for 2022 is 14.9%. No price increases have been passed on to our members during 2021, however a small increase of 1.5% in recognition of the cumulative effects on our costs of price rises and and inflation over the past few years is planned for 2022. 

## _**Delivering value to members**_ 

The Covid pandemic did not significantly diminish our ability to provide support to our members, continue our charitable activities, or to further develop our databases. During this time, the charity undertook an internal review of our organisational structure and processes with the support of external consultants. The primary objective of this review was to ensure we are operating efficiently, capitalising on recent technological advances and working practises and ensuring our activities directly contribute to delivering member value. Further consolidation of the resultant changes are continuing during 2022 including the adoption of hybrid working. 

14 



DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

## Lhasa Limited 

## _**Applied Sciences**_ 

## _Global Alliances_ 

Global Alliance managers, working within our Applied Sciences team, will provide project direction and support for our new strategic projects, consortia developments and for our relationships with regulators in Europe, the USA, Japan and other territories. 

## _Business Development_ 

The Business Development team are focused on working with prospective members to secure sponsorship of existing software and to extend the application of these products to new markets. 

## _Marketing_ 

The focus of the Marketing group will continue to promote our science, our solutions and the value that it can bring to members alongside other activities that support our charitable purpose. 

## _Support engineers_ 

Continuing to build on their excellent reputation for technical support and service and they are supported by our distributors in Japan, China and South Korea, to provide our members with global coverage. 

## _**Project Management**_ 

The Project Management team are supporting the rollout of a new way of working, which will impact on how we deliver value to our members. By concentrating on the core flow of value work, we will better ensure solutions that are suited to member needs. Alongside this significant change, Project Management will look to implement continuous delivery across our product range, enabling us to better cope with new member need as it arises. 

Project Management will continue to identify opportunities to provide appropriate oversight where it adds value across the organisation. 

## _**Science Team**_ 

The Science Team continue to deliver the necessary capacity to investigate opportunities to develop computer-aided reasoning for the life sciences outside of the general improvements delivered via operational projects. 

With the additional direction arising from a further review by the Board of Trustees of our Scientific Strategy in December 2020, a number of key scientific domains will continue to be supported via specific research projects: 

- Novel approaches to the prediction of toxicology/reactivity-driven purge/degradation with the objective of improving the accuracy, scope of applicability and transparency of predictions; 

- Automation of the acquisition of new knowledge in support of expert knowledge development and curation; 

- Increase the understanding and articulation at the chemistry/biology interface; 

- Develop new approaches for the resolution of workflow challenges in safety assessment in the pharmaceutical/cosmetics/chemical/agrochemical markets; and 

- Specific research projects underpinning the longer term scientific objectives of the Charity. 

The work of the Science Team will be applied to the knowledge acquisition process in order to speed up the delivery of additional support for members. Synergies arising from the integration of the knowledge and data teams will be leveraged to increase the quality, accuracy and transparency of scientific interpretation that the Lhasa Limited software provides for members. 

15 



## Lhasa Limited DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

## _**Technology**_ 

In support of delivering best of breed products to Lhasa’s members, maturing architectural practices will continue to ensure greater consistency and alignment of products against industry standards. Architectural leadership and governance will ensure cross-product alignment supporting tighter integration, cross-product workflows and code reuse across our platform of products. Increasing adoption of cloud-based solutions to support Lhasa’s internal business will continue alongside the continued development of Lhasa products to enable Cloud Software-as-a-Service. 

## _**Software Delivery**_ 

The scientific and knowledge insights provided by the Science Team continue to be successfully presented in user-centric software in support of member needs. The adoption of Agile Scrum methodology and increased application of automated testing continues to improve the quality and effectiveness of the software to our members. The implementation of cloud-based solutions (Mirabilis, Vitic) provides more flexible routes to consumption of Lhasa’s software products. 

## **5. RISK MANAGEMENT & REVIEW** 

The Board of Trustees is responsible for the management of risk by the Charity. Key controls for the management of risk include: 

- Formal agendas for all Board of Trustees’ activity and minutes; 

- Comprehensive strategic planning, budgeting and management accounting; 

- Established organisational structure and lines of reporting; 

- Formal written policies; and 

- Clear authorisation and approval levels. 

The Board of Trustees has conducted a review of the major risks to which the Charity is exposed, and systems have been established to mitigate those risks. During 2007 the Board of Trustees approved the use of Charity Magique software which is used to further identify, manage and mitigate risks throughout the Charity’s operations. An overview of key risks is presented at each quarterly Board of Trustees meeting and the risk register is formally reviewed by the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. 

## _**Corporate Risk**_ 

The Board of Trustees meet on a regular basis to review the performance of the Charity and its activities and are provided with financial management reports and forecasts which they use to ensure proper business controls are in place. Contractual and other legal arrangements are regularly reviewed by the management team and brought to the Board of Trustees for their consideration and approval where appropriate before action. 

As far as the Board of Trustees is aware there are no instances of actual, suspected or alleged fraud that will affect the Charity. 

## _**Financial Risk**_ 

With the majority of income derived from overseas sources, the risk of currency fluctuation is mitigated by our policy not to retain significant currency holdings. The foreign exchange gain in the current year is £3k compared to a loss in the prior year of £73k reflecting the movement in the currency market. 

## _**Data Loss**_ 

Lhasa has established policies and procedures which ensures all data is stored and backed up aligned to industry good practice. Lhasa operates full resilience and high availability across the networking and core infrastructure; all critical services are backed up in Microsoft Azure Cloud with full business continuity failover in the event of loss or interruption to primary services, non-critical services are backed up in Arcserve Cloud which can be restored to cloud services or more traditional servers in 

16 



## Lhasa Limited 

## DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

the event Granary Wharf House cannot be accessed. Lhasa also has an established Disaster Recovery & Business Continuity test and restoration schedule which ensures data can be restored from back up if and when required in very short timescales; due to Lhasa’s high availability, high dependency network infrastructure all DR & BC activity can be executed remotely without on-site presence at Granary Wharf House. 

## _**Fraud**_ 

To minimise risk from fraud, all key financial transactions greater than £100k must be approved by two Officers of the Charity with approval from the Board for all expenditure over £250k. All signatories have clear and communicated authorisation levels. 

## _**Competitive Risk**_ 

The Charity continues to monitor the competitive risk arising from a number of different sources including direct substitution of the software provided by the Charity and the potential replacement by newer or more cost effective technologies. In addition, to protect our existing intellectual property, we protect our company and product names by means of registration in all countries in which we support our members. 

## _**Key Risks**_ 

The primary risks for Lhasa Limited are managed and mitigated through the application of Board of Trustee approved strategies and monitored using the Charity Magique software system. 

The key risks as identified by the Board of Trustees all have controls in place to mitigate any potential impact they might have. The key risk identified are: 

- The financial and operational impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; 

- The long term demand for the charity's activities may diminish; 

- Failure to innovate in product software; 

- Impact of new technology may damage competitiveness; 

- We are unable to manage the quantity and complexity of scientific data to enable us to achieve our long-term ambitions; 

- Technological advances by competitors erode our market share; 

- Under-funding of the USS pension scheme causes significantly increased financial burden to the Company; 

- Heavy reliance on revenue from a single product, Derek, leads to extreme vulnerability if Derek revenue falls; 

- The impact on Business Continuity of a systems failure or other emergency situation; 

- Breach of security; 

- The exit of EU membership may lead to significant loss in revenue from any new EU-funded projects; and 

- That we are unable to provide secure cloud instances of our software as SaaS. 

17 



DIRECTORS’ AND TRUSTEES’ REPORT 

## Lhasa Limited 

## _**STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS**_ 

The Trustees who were in office on the date of approval of these financial statements have confirmed, as far as they are aware, that there is no relevant audit information of which the auditors are unaware. Each of the Trustees have confirmed that they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as Trustees in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that it has been communicated to the auditor. 

## _**AUDITORS**_ 

A resolution to reappoint Mazars LLP will be put to the annual general meeting. 

**This report was approved by the Board of Trustees on** May 13, 2022 **and signed on its behalf.** 

In approving the Directors’ and Trustees’ Report, the Trustees are also approving the Strategic Report therein in their capacity as company directors. 


Dr Camilla Alexander-White CHAIR OF TRUSTEES 

By order of the Board 

18 



## Lhasa Limited 

## DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 

The Trustees are responsible for preparing the Trustees’ Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Trustees have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the Trustees must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing those financial statements, the Trustees are required to: 

- a. select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

- b. observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP; 

- c. make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

- d. state whether applicable UK accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 

- e. prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business. 

The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

19 



INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF LHASA LIMITED 

## **Opinion** 

We have audited the financial statements of Lhasa Limited (the ‘charity’) for the year ended 31 December 2021 which comprise Statement of Financial Activities, the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Cash Flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). 

In our opinion, the financial statements: 

- give a true and fair view of the state of the charity’s affairs as at 31 December 2021 and of its income and expenditure for the year then ended; 

- have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and 

- have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

## **Basis for opinion** 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the “Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements” section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

## **Conclusions relating to going concern** 

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. 

## **Other information** 

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The trustees are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

20 



INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF LHASA LIMITED 

## **Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006** 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

- the information given in the Trustees’ Report which includes the Strategic Report and the Directors’ report prepared for the purposes of company law, for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

- the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report included within the Trustees’ Report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

## **Matters on which we are required to report by exception** 

In light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

- adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

- the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

- certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

- we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

## **Responsibilities of Trustees** 

As explained more fully in the Trustees’ Responsibilities Statement set out on page 19, the trustees are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

## **Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements** 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements. 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. 

Based on our understanding of the company and its industry, we considered that non-compliance with the following laws and regulations might have a material effect on the financial statements: employment regulation, health and safety regulation, anti-money laundering regulation, non-compliance with implementation of government support schemes relating to COVID-19. 

To help us identify instances of non-compliance with these laws and regulations, and in identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect to non-compliance, our procedures included, but were not limited to: 

- Inquiring of management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance, as to whether the company is in compliance with laws and regulations, and discussing their policies and procedures regarding compliance with laws and regulations; 

- Inspecting correspondence, if any, with relevant licensing or regulatory authorities; 

21 



## INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF LHASA LIMITED 

- Communicating identified laws and regulations to the engagement team and remaining alert to any indications of non-compliance throughout our audit; and 

- Considering the risk of acts by the company which were contrary to applicable laws and regulations, including fraud. 

We also considered those laws and regulations that have a direct effect on the preparation of the financial statements, such as the Charities Act 2011 the Charities Statement of Recommended Practice, UK tax legislation, pensions legislation, employment regulation and the Companies Act 2006. 

In addition, we evaluated the directors’ and management’s incentives and opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial statements, including the risk of management override of controls, and determined that the principal risks related to posting manual journal entries to manipulate financial performance, management bias through judgements and assumptions in significant accounting estimates, in particular in relation to the pension deficit provision, the capitalisation of labour and revenue recognition (which we pinpointed to year end cut-off), and significant one-off or unusual transactions. Our audit procedures in relation to fraud included but were not limited to: 

- Making enquiries of the directors and management on whether they had knowledge of any actual, suspected or alleged fraud; 

- Gaining an understanding of the internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud; 

- Discussing amongst the engagement team the risks of fraud; and 

- Addressing the risks of fraud through management override of controls by performing journal entry testing. 

There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above and the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of irregularities including fraud rests with management. As with any audit, there remained a risk of non-detection of irregularities, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations or the override of internal controls. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

## **Use of the audit report** 

This report is made solely to the charity’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the charity’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charity and the charity’s members as a body for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 


Vincent Marke (May 19, 2022 13:04 GMT+1) 

Vincent Marke (Senior Statutory Auditor) for and on behalf of Mazars LLP Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor 5[th ] Floor 3 Wellington Place Leeds LS1 4AP Date: 

22 



## Lhasa Limited 

## STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES (INCORPORATING AN INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT) For the year ended 31 December 2021 

|Notes Unrestricted<br>Funds<br>£’000<br>INCOME<br>Income from investments<br>1<br>153<br>Income from charitable activities<br>2<br>15,530<br>Other income<br>3<br>11<br>TOTAL INCOME<br>15,694<br>EXPENDITURE<br>Expenditure on raising funds<br>4<br>90<br>Expenditure on charitable activities<br>4<br>13,761<br>TOTAL EXPENDITURE<br>13,851<br>Net gains on investments<br>10<br>810<br>NET INCOME AND NET<br>MOVEMENT IN FUNDS<br>2,653<br>Total funds brought forward at 1<br>January 2021<br>16,685<br>TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED<br>FORWARD<br>AT 31 DECEMBER 2021<br>19,338|Restricted<br>Funds<br>£’000<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>-|Total<br>2021<br>£’000<br>153<br>15,530<br>11<br>15,694<br>90<br>13,761<br>13,851<br>810<br>2,653<br>16,685<br>19,338|Total (all<br>unrestricted)<br>2020<br>£’000<br>110<br>13,925<br>10|
|---|---|---|---|
||||14,045|
||||29<br>10,385|
||||10,414|
||||449|
||||4,080|
||||12,605|
||||16,685|



The net income for the year arises from the company’s continuing operations. 

No separate Statement of Total Recognised Gains and Losses has been presented as all such gains and losses have been dealt with in the Statement of Financial Activities. 

The notes on pages 26 to 41 form part of these financial statements. 

23 



Company Registration No. 01765239 

## Lhasa Limited 

## BALANCE SHEET As at 31 December 2021 

|Notes<br>FIXED ASSETS<br>Intangible<br>8<br>Tangible<br>9<br>Investments<br>10<br>CURRENT ASSETS<br>Debtors<br>11<br>Cash and cash equivalents<br>12<br>LIABILITIES<br>Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year<br>13<br>Deferred income<br>14<br>NET CURRENT ASSETS<br>TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES<br>Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year<br>15<br>NET ASSETS<br>FUNDS<br>Accumulated unrestricted funds<br>•<br>designated funds<br>16,17<br>•<br>general funds<br>16,17<br>TOTAL FUNDS||2021<br>£’000<br>3,236<br>3,381<br>9,920<br>16,537<br>4,446<br>9,329<br>13,775<br>1,974<br>6,691<br>8,665<br>5,110<br>21,647<br>2,309<br>19,338<br>6,170<br>13,168<br>19,338|2020<br>£’000<br>3,446<br>2,937<br>7,620|
|---|---|---|---|
||||<br>14,003|
||||<br>3,781<br>7,982|
||||<br>11,763|
||||<br>1,856<br>6,073|
||||<br>7,929|
||||<br>3,834|
||||<br>17,837<br>1,152|
||||<br>16,685|
||||<br>7,428<br>9,257|
||||16,685|



The financial statements were approved by the Board of Trustees and authorised for issue on May 13, 2022 and are signed on its behalf by: 


## Dr C Alexander-White CHAIR OF TRUSTEES 

The notes on pages 26 to 41 form part of these financial statements. 

24 



## Lhasa Limited 

## STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

for the year ended 31 December 2021 

|Notes<br>**_Cash flows from operating activities_**<br>18<br>**Cash flows from investing activities:**<br>Interest received<br>Dividends received<br>Purchase of fixed assets<br>Purchase of investments<br>Sale of investments<br>Purchase of intangible assets<br>**_Net cash used in investing activities_**<br>**Cash flows from financing activities:**<br>Repayments of borrowing<br>Cash inflows from new borrowing<br>**_Net cash provided by/(used in) financing_**<br>**_activities_**<br>**_Change in cash and cash equivalents in the_**<br>**_reporting period_**<br>**Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of**<br>**the reporting period**<br>**_Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the_**<br>**_reporting period_**||2021<br>£’000<br>4,559<br>19<br>134<br>(684)<br>(2,603)<br>1,064<br>(1,142)<br>(3,212)<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>1,347<br>7,982<br>9,329|2020<br>£’000<br>4,467<br>33<br>77<br>(175)<br>(4,035)<br>826<br>(1,235)<br>(4,509)|
|---|---|---|---|
||||<br>-<br>-<br>-|
||||(42)<br>8,024<br>7,982|



## **Analysis of change in net cash** 

|**Analysis of change in net cash**||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||At|1|January|Cash flows|At|31|December|
||||2021||||2021|
||||£’000|£’000|||£’000|
|Cash at bank and in hand|||7,982|1,347|||9,329|



The notes on pages 26 to 41 form part of these financial statements. 

25 



## Lhasa Limited ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

## BASIS OF ACCOUNTING 

Lhasa Limited is charitable company limited by guarantee and registered in England. The registered address is Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Holbeck, Leeds, LS11 5PS. 

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019) – (Charities SORP (FRS 102)), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006. 

Lhasa Limited meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy note. The financial statements have been prepared in Pound Sterling as this is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the company operates. 

## CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS & KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY 

In applying the company’s accounting policies, the Trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions in determining the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. The Trustees’ judgements, estimates and assumptions are based on the best and most reliable evidence available at the time when the decisions are made, and are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be applicable. Due to the inherent subjectivity involved in making such judgements, estimates and assumptions, the actual results and outcomes may differ. 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised, if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods, if the revision affects both current and future periods. 

## _Critical accounting judgements_ 

The critical accounting judgements that the Trustees have made in the process of applying the company’s accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the statutory financial statements are discussed below. 

- Assessing indicators of impairment 

In assessing whether there have been any indicators of impairment in relation to assets, the Trustees have considered both external and internal sources of information such as market conditions and experience of recoverability. There have been no indicators of impairments identified during the current financial year, other than in relation to the development of new databases which have not as yet been released to Members. Those databases where the future value is not sufficiently certain to warrant capitalisation of the development costs have been expensed. 

- Capitalisation of wage costs in intangible fixed assets 

Wage costs capitalised within intangible fixed assets are based on time sheet postings made by the employee and reviewed by management which allows for the separation of time to be expensed (such as that spent on database maintenance) and time to be capitalised, for which there is considered to be future benefit (such as the input of information or the development of new functionality). 

## _Key sources of estimation uncertainty_ 

The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below. 

26 



## Lhasa Limited ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

- Estimating value in use 

Where an indication of impairment exists, the Trustees will carry out an impairment review to determine the recoverable amount, which is the higher of fair value less cost to sell and value in use. The value in use calculation requires the Trustees to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the asset or the cash generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value. 

- Recoverability of receivables 

The company establishes a provision for receivables that are estimated not to be recoverable. When assessing recoverability, the Trustees consider factors such as the ageing of the receivables, past experience of recoverability, and the credit profile of individual or groups of customers. 

- Determining residual values and useful economic lives of property, plant and equipment 

The company depreciates tangible and intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. The estimation of the useful lives of assets is based on historic performance as well as expectations about future use and therefore requires estimates and assumptions to be applied by management. The actual lives of these assets can vary depending on a variety of factors, including technological innovation, product life cycles and maintenance programmes. Judgement is applied by management when determining the residual values for plant, machinery and equipment. When determining the residual value, management aim to assess the amount that the company would currently obtain for the disposal of the asset, if it were already of the condition expected at the end of its useful economic life. Where possible, this is done with reference to external market prices. 

- Determining useful economic lives of intangible assets 

The company continually develops our database systems. This investment enables our databases to stay current both in content and delivery. Without this continual investment our databases would not provide our Members with the latest research nor be accessible in an effective way as science and technology both continually change. Historic data suggests that a reasonable economic life of five years is appropriate over which to amortise our databases on a straight line basis. This assumption is validated by an annual review of the future cash flows expected to arise from the each database and, where this is not reflected in the asset value, it is impaired. 

- Pension deficit provision 

The company has recognised a provision in respect of the deficit of the multi-employer defined benefit pension scheme. As at the balance sheet date, the deficit reduction plan runs to 2038, at which point the intention is for the deficit to be fully repaid by the employers within the scheme. In calculating the fair value of the company’s deficit funding within the scheme, management have utilised a number of assumptions and estimates. The key assumptions in the calculation are the rate at which the deficit funding is discounted (for which long term bond rates of 2.06% for current year and 0.62% for prior year have been used); wage inflation (for which historical trends have been calculated and projected forward at 5.57%) and the rate at which scheme members will leave the employment of Lhasa Limited (for which historical trends have been calculated and projected forward at -5.38%). 

## GOING CONCERN 

Having reviewed the current working capital position, the forecast financial activity and capital commitment spend, the Trustees believe that there are no apparent reasons that the charity will not continue to operate for at least 12 months following the signing of the audit report and as such the financial statements have been prepared on the basis that Lhasa Limited is and will continue to be a going concern. 

## FUND ACCOUNTING 

Unrestricted funds are available for use at the discretion of the Trustees in furtherance of the general objectives of the charity. 

Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by donors. They include income received under contracts with members in respect of special projects where use of the 

27 



## Lhasa Limited ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

income is restricted to that project. On completion of a project, the resulting data or software becomes available to the general membership and so there is no longer any restriction on the assets. At this point the value of the income relating to the completed projects is transferred from restricted to unrestricted funds. 

## INCOME 

Income comprises: 

## _Buying in fees_ 

This is a one-off payment by a sponsor to buy into an existing Lhasa Limited software development project. This takes account of the investment already made in the project by the existing sponsors. This income is recognised once access to the relevant database has been granted. 

## _Computer software sponsorship and licence fees_ 

This is an annual fee made by an organisation to fund ongoing software development projects. This income is recognised on an accruals basis in line with the period of service provided. 

## _Subscriptions_ 

This is an annual fee payable by an organisation to become a member of Lhasa Limited and to have access to software developed by Lhasa Limited. This income is recognised on an accruals basis in line with the period of membership. 

## _Project sponsorship_ 

This is income received from sponsors for specific projects which is recognised immediately, unless a contract has been entered into that specifically limits the income use. 

The percentage of income arising from outside the UK was 90% (2020: 90%). 

## _CJRS grant_ 

The UK government has offered a range of financial support packages to help companies, including government backed financing arrangements, furlough schemes and, for some sectors, business rates holidays. Of the offered schemes, the company used the furlough scheme. The income from the furlough scheme has been recognised within 'Other income'. They are recognised when the entity has reasonable assurance that they will comply with the conditions attaching the grant, and that the grant will be received. 

## RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 

Expenditure, including direct staff costs, attributable to the computer software is capitalised. All other expenditure on research and development is written off in the year in which it is incurred. 

## FOREIGN CURRENCIES 

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the date ruling at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences are taken into account in arriving at the operating surplus or deficit for the year. 

## EXPENDITURE 

All expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis and has been classified under headings that aggregate all costs related to that activity. Where costs cannot be directly allocated to activities, they have been allocated to activities on a basis consistent with the use of resources. 

Direct costs, including directly attributable salaries, are allocated on an actual basis to the key strategic areas of activity. Support costs are allocated on an actual basis to the key strategic areas of activity with any unallocated support costs being apportioned on an income received basis for each strategic area of activity. 

Governance costs include the cost of governance arrangements which relate to the general running of the charity. These activities provide the governance infrastructure which allows the charity to operate and to generate the information required for public accountability. They include the strategic planning processes that contribute to future development of the charity. 

28 



## Lhasa Limited ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

## TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS 

Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. 

Assets with a cost in excess of £1,000 intended to be of ongoing use to Lhasa Limited in carrying out its activities are capitalised as fixed assets. 

Depreciation is provided on all tangible fixed assets other than freehold land at rates calculated to write each asset down to its estimated residual value evenly over its expected useful life at the following rates: 

|Freehold properties|2%|
|---|---|
|Freehold property refurbishment|10%|
|Fixtures and fittings|20%|
|Computer hardware|25%|
|Office equipment|20%|



## INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS 

Intangible fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation. 

Expenditure, including direct staff costs, attributable to project sponsorship is either capitalised if attributable to the computer software or prepaid until the information is available to add to the software. 

Assets with a cost in excess of £1,000 intended to be of ongoing use to Lhasa Limited in carrying out its activities are capitalised as intangible assets. 

Amortisation is provided on all intangible fixed assets at rates calculated to write each asset down to its estimated residual value evenly over its expected useful life at the following rates: 

Trademarks 10% Databases 20% Computer software 25% 

## FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS 

Listed investments are revalued to open market value on an annual basis in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice: Accounting and Reporting by Charities. Any gains or losses on revaluation are taken to the Statement of Financial Activities. 

## CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents notice deposit accounts with terms of 125 days or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value. 

29 



## Lhasa Limited ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

## RETIREMENT BENEFITS 

The charitable company participates in the Universities Superannuation Scheme. This scheme was closed to new staff members in 2015. This is a multi-employer scheme for which it is not possible to separately identify the charity’s share of the underlying assets and liabilities attributable to the scheme. 

If the actuarial valuation of the scheme reveals a deficit, the Trustees will agree a recovery plan to eliminate the deficit over a specified period. This is held as a provision in the financial statements, as detailed in note 13. 

The charitable company operates a defined contributions scheme on behalf of its new staff with the Aviva pension scheme. 

Company contributions to both these schemes are charged to the Statement of Financial Activities in the period to which they relate. 

The pension charge represents contributions payable by the charity to the funds in respect of the year, as disclosed in note 21. 

## TAXATION 

As a charity Lhasa Limited is exempt from tax on income and gains to the extent that these are applied to its charitable objects. No tax charges have arisen in the charity. 

## OPERATING LEASES 

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to the Statement of Financial Activities on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. 

## FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The charitable company only enters into basic financial instruments transactions that result in the recognition of financial assets and liabilities like trade and other accounts receivable and payable, loans from banks and other third parties, loans to related parties and investments in non-puttable ordinary shares. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value. 

Debt instruments (other than those wholly repayable or receivable within one year), including loans and other accounts receivable and payable, are initially measured at present value of the future cash flows and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Debt instruments that are payable or receivable within one year, typically trade payables or receivables, are measured, initially and subsequently, at the undiscounted amount of the cash or other consideration, expected to be paid or received. 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the Balance Sheet when there is an enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 

30 



## Lhasa Limited 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2021 

|1<br>INVESTMENT INCOME<br>Bank interest<br>Investment income<br>2<br>INCOME FROM CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES<br>Buying in fee<br>Membership subscriptions<br>Computer software sponsorship<br>Strategic projects<br>3<br>OTHER INCOME<br>CJRS grant<br>A geographical analysis of income is as follows:<br>Europe<br>Americas<br>Asia|2021<br>£’000<br>19<br>134<br>153<br>2021<br>£’000<br>391<br>762<br>13,355<br>1,022<br>15,530<br>2021<br>£’000<br>11<br>11<br>2021<br>£’000<br>6,207<br>4,793<br>4,530<br>15,530|2020<br>£’000<br>33<br>77<br>110<br>2020<br>£’000<br>268<br>662<br>11,829<br>1,166<br>13,925<br>2020<br>£’000<br>10<br>10<br>2020<br>£’000<br>5,702<br>4,370<br>3,853<br>13,925|
|---|---|---|



31 



## Lhasa Limited 

## NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

for the year ended 31 December 2021 

|4<br>EXPENDITURE<br>_Costs of generating funds:_<br>Investment management costs<br>_Analysis of expenditure on charitable activities:_<br>Consultancy fees<br>Travel costs<br>Depreciation and amortisation<br>Impairment (reversal)/charge<br>Staff costs<br>Sales exhibition costs<br>Support costs (see below)<br>Marketing costs<br>Governance costs (see note 4)||2021<br>£’000<br>90<br>5<br>1<br>1,514<br>79<br>8,458<br>3<br>3,652<br>3<br>13,805<br>46<br>13,851||2020<br>£’000<br>29<br>4<br>61<br>1,265<br>(783)<br>6,623<br>30<br>3,117<br>19|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|||||10,336<br>48<br>10,413|
||||||



## _Analysis of support costs:_ 

All support costs are allocated on the basis of income, with the exception of recruitment of direct staff which are based on the hours spent on each database. Support costs include: 

|Research sponsorship<br>Employee related costs<br>Premises costs<br>IT costs<br>Other costs|2021<br>£’000<br>-<br>2,149<br>266<br>374<br>863<br>3,652|2020<br>£’000<br>87<br>1,389<br>312<br>310<br>1,019<br>3,117|
|---|---|---|



Research sponsorship represents the impact of grants awarded to institutions to sponsor PhD students in accordance with Lhasa Limited’s charitable objects. Certain of these grants span multiple accounting periods, in which case the terms of the grant dictate the accounting treatment. 

|5<br>ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE COSTS<br>Audit<br>Accountancy and other audit costs<br>Cost of AGMs and Board of Trustees’ expenses|2021<br>£’000<br>15<br>3<br>28<br>46|2020<br>£’000<br>15<br>7<br>26<br>48|
|---|---|---|



32 



## Lhasa Limited 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2021 

## 6 NET INCOME 

|NET INCOME|||
|---|---|---|
||2021|2020|
|This is stated after charging:|£’000|£’000|
|Auditor’s remuneration|15|15|
|Depreciation|241|206|
|Amortisation|1,273|1,059|
|Impairment charge/(reversal)|79|(783)|
|Exchange (gains)/losses|(3)|73|
|Operating lease rentals:|||
|Property lease costs|-|30|



## 7 REMUNERATION 

No Trustees’ remuneration was paid in either year. Trustees’ expenses totalling £1k (2020: £1k) were incurred by the charity for 11 Trustees (2020 – 11 Trustees). The Trustees expenses related to travel, accommodation and subsistence within their role as Trustee. 

The average number of employees in the year, analysed by category, is as follows: 

|Administration<br>Science<br>Member services<br>Project management<br>Software development<br>The average number of full time equivalent number of employees<br>in the year was:<br>Wages and salaries<br>Social security<br>Pension||2021<br>29<br>50<br>24<br>9<br>45<br>157<br>2021<br>151<br>2021<br>£’000<br>8,135<br>897<br>2,514<br>11,546|2020<br>25<br>49<br>26<br>13<br>49<br>162<br>2020<br>157<br>2020<br>£’000<br>7,094<br>823<br>1,203<br>9,120|
|---|---|---|---|
|||||
|||||



33 



Lhasa Limited NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2021 

The key management personnel are considered to be the Chief Executive Officer, Director of Applied Sciences, Director of Science, Head of Finance, Head of Information Technology, Head of People and Culture, Head of Software Development, Product Manager and Business Improvement Manager. The total emoluments and employee benefits of the key management personnel (including employer’s National Insurance contributions and costs attributable to re-organisation) were £991k (2020: £801k). 

Employees received emoluments of more than £60,000 as follows: 

||2021|2020|
|---|---|---|
|£60,000 - £70,000|16|9|
|£70,000 - £80,000|3|5|
|£80,000 - £90,000|3|1|
|£90,000 - £100,000|1|-|
|£120,000 - £130,000|-|1|
|£140,000 - £150,000|2|-|



Pension contributions in respect of the above higher paid staff were £305,788 (2020: £211,769). 

## 8 INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS 

|Cost<br>At 1 January 2021<br>Additions<br>At 31 December 2021<br>Depreciation<br>At 1 January 2021<br>Amortisation<br>Impairment charge<br>At 31 December 2021<br>Net book value<br>At 31 December 2021<br>At 31 December 2020|Computer<br>Software<br>£’000<br>110<br>-<br>110<br>95<br>10<br>-<br>105<br>5<br>15|Databases<br>£’000<br>16,871<br>1,142<br>18,013<br>13,485<br>1,256<br>79<br>14,820<br>3,193<br>3,386|Trademarks<br>£’000<br>65<br>-<br>65<br>20<br>7<br>-<br>27<br>38<br>45|Total<br>£’000<br>17,046<br>1,142|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|||||<br>18,188|
|||||13,600<br>1,273<br>79|
|||||14,952|
|||||3,236|
|||||3,446|



The direct effort in the development of Lhasa’s databases is capitalised where there is added value which adds to the economic life of the database. Lhasa tests the capitalised value annually to forecasted income to ensure that the capitalised effort does not exceed economic value. 

34 



## Lhasa Limited 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2021 

## 9 TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS 

|Cost<br>At 1 January 2021<br>Additions<br>Disposals<br>At 31 December 2021<br>Depreciation<br>At 1 January 2021<br>Provided in year<br>Disposals<br>At 31 December 2021<br>Net book value<br>At 31 December 2021<br>At 31 December 2020<br>10<br>INVESTMENTS<br>Listed fixed asset investments:<br>Share portfolio|Freehold<br>Land and<br>Buildings<br>£’000<br>3,486<br>338<br>(27)<br>3,797<br>759<br>139<br>(27)<br>871<br>2,926<br>2,727<br>|Computer<br>Hardware<br>Office<br>Equipment<br>Total<br>£’000<br>£’000<br>£’000<br>553<br>105<br>4,144<br>158<br>189<br>685<br>-<br>(47)<br>(74)<br>711<br>247<br>4,755<br>373<br>75<br>1,207<br>86<br>16<br>241<br>-<br>(47)<br>(74)<br>459<br>44<br>1,374<br>252<br>203<br>3,381<br>180<br>30<br>2,937<br>2021<br>£’000<br>2020<br>£’000<br>9,920<br>7,620|Total<br>£’000<br>4,144<br>685<br>(74)|
|---|---|---|---|
||||<br>4,755|
||||1,207<br>241<br>(74)|
||||<br>1,374|
||||3,381|
||||2,937|



35 



## Lhasa Limited 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2021 

## 10 INVESTMENTS (continued) 

The share portfolio comprises the following movements: 

||2021|2020|
|---|---|---|
||£’000|£’000|
|Market value at 1 Jan 2020|7,620|3,990|
|Additions|2,603|4,035|
|Disposals|(1,064)|(826)|
|Unrealised gain on investments|478|515|
|Realised gain on investments|329|(66)|
|Fund management fees|(46)|(28)|
||──────|──────|
|Market value at 31 Dec 2021|9,920|7,620|
||══════|══════|
|Historical cost at 31 Dec 2021|8,414|6,659|
||══════|══════|



The cost and market value of the investments listed on a recognised Stock Exchange were £8,414k (2020: £6,659k) and £9,920k (2020: £7,620k) respectively. 

||2021|2209|
|---|---|---|
|The investments are held:|£’000|£’000|
|In the UK|2,818|2,294|
|Outside the UK|7,102|5,326|
||──────|──────|
||9,920|7,620|
||══════|══════|



The entity holds one investment which has a market value at 31 December 2021 exceeding 5% of the value of the portfolio. The entity’s investment in Vanguard Funds Plc S&P 500 consists of 5.5% of the total market value of the investment (2020: 5.1%) 

## 11 DEBTORS 

|Trade debtors<br>Prepayments<br>Other debtors<br>Accrued income|2021<br>£’000<br>3,441<br>329<br>121<br>555<br>4,446|2020<br>£’000<br>3,346<br>223<br>26<br>186<br>3,781|
|---|---|---|



36 



## Lhasa Limited 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2021 

## 12 CASH 

|Cash<br>Cash equivalents|2021<br>£’000<br>4,443<br>4,886<br>9,329|2020<br>£’000<br>3,979<br>4,003<br>7,982|
|---|---|---|



Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents represent notice deposit accounts with terms of 125 days or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value. 

## 13 CREDITORS 

|Trade creditors<br>Other tax and social security<br>Other creditors<br>Accruals<br>Pension deficit provision|2021<br>£’000<br>246<br>236<br>779<br>575<br>138<br>1,974|2020<br>£’000<br>288<br>186<br>835<br>448<br>99<br>1,856|
|---|---|---|



## 14 DEFERRED INCOME 

Deferred income in the year relates to monies invoiced in the year for subscriptions, knowledge contributions and licences which relate to subsequent years. 

|Deferred income as at 1 January 2021<br>Invoiced during year<br>Deferred income as at 31 December 2021<br>Income for the year|2021<br>£’000<br>6,073<br>15,126<br>(6,691)<br>14,508|2020<br>£’000<br>5,790<br>13,042<br>(6,073)<br>12,759|
|---|---|---|



37 



## Lhasa Limited 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2021 

15 CREDITORS: amounts falling due after more than one year 

|Pension deficit provision|2021<br>£’000<br>2,309<br>2,309|2020<br>£’000<br>1,152|
|---|---|---|
|||1,152|



Included within creditors due after more than one year is the multi-employer defined benefit pension scheme deficit and the estimated employer debt. Following the valuation of the scheme as at 31 March 2020 using the October 2021 recovery plan schedule of contributions, the contribution rate to 1 April 2022 is 21.1% then 21.6% to 1 April 2024 and thereafter 21.4% over the 14 years to 31 March 2038. As of the balance sheet date the estimated discounted employer deficit is detailed below. 

|Pension deficit provision as at 1 January 2021<br>Provision made/(released) in the period<br>Pension deficit provision as at 31 December 2021<br>Less: amount due within one year<br>16<br>RESERVES<br>Unrestricted<br>Funds –<br>designated<br>£’000<br>Unrestricted<br>Funds -<br>general<br>£’000<br>At 1 January 2021<br>7,428<br>9,257<br>Net movement in funds<br>-<br>2,653<br>Transfer between funds<br>(1,258)<br>1,258<br>At 31 December 2021<br>6,170<br>13,168|2021<br>£’000<br>2020<br>£’000<br>1,152<br>1,291<br>1,295<br>(40)<br>2,447<br>1,251<br>(138)<br>(99)<br>2,309<br>1,152<br>Restricted<br>Funds<br>£’000<br>Total<br>£’000<br>-<br>16,685<br>-<br>2,653<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>19,338|
|---|---|



Designated funds are general funds that the Trustees have chosen to use for a specific purpose, as detailed below: 

Fixed asset fund – represents the net book value of intangible and tangible fixed assets totalling £6,617k (2020: £6,383k). 

38 



NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2021 

## Lhasa Limited 

Closed pension deficit fund – this represents the value of the pension deficit provision. 

Closed pension deficit future top up fund – this has been released as USS have provided an updated Recovery Plan based on the 2020 valuation. 

Development Fund – this represents funds set aside for further development of charitable objectives over the next 3 to 5 years. 

## 17 ANALYSIS OF NET ASSETS BETWEEN FUNDS 

|**As at 31 December 2021**<br>Unrestricted funds – general<br>Unrestricted designated funds –<br>fixed assets<br>Unrestricted designated funds –<br>closed pension deficit fund<br>Unrestricted designated funds –<br>additional pension designation<br>Unrestricted designated funds –<br>future development designation<br>Total unrestricted<br>Restricted<br>Total<br>**As at 31 December 2020**<br>Unrestricted funds – general<br>Unrestricted designated<br>funds – fixed assets<br>Unrestricted designated<br>funds – closed pension<br>deficit fund<br>Unrestricted designated<br>funds – additional pension<br>designation<br>Total unrestricted<br>Restricted<br>Total|Fixed<br>assets<br>£’000<br>Net current<br>assets<br>£’000<br>Long term<br>creditors<br>£’000<br>7,920<br>5,248<br>-<br>6,617<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>(138)<br>(2,309)<br>-<br>-<br>2,000<br>16,537<br>5,110<br>(2,309)<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>16,537<br>5,110<br>(2,309)<br>Fixed<br>assets<br>£’000<br>Net current<br>assets<br>£’000<br>Long term<br>creditors<br>£’000<br>5,324<br>3,933<br>-<br>6,383<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>2,296<br>(99)<br>-<br>(1,152)<br>14,003<br>3,834<br>(1,152)<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>14,003<br>3,834<br>(1,152)|Total<br>£’000<br>13,168<br>6,617<br>(2,447)<br>-<br>2,000|
|---|---|---|
|||19,338<br>-|
|||19,338<br>Total<br>£’000<br>9,257<br>6,383<br>(1,251)<br>2,296<br>16,685<br>-<br>16,685|



39 



## Lhasa Limited 

## NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

for the year ended 31 December 2021 

|18<br>CASH FLOWS<br>RECONCILIATION OF NET INCOME TO NET CASH<br>INFLOW FROM OPERATIONS<br>Net income<br>Investment income<br>Depreciation<br>Amortisation<br>Impairment charge<br>Profit on disposal of fixed assets<br>(Increase)/decrease in debtors<br>Increase in creditors<br>(Gain) on investments<br>Investment management fees<br>Net cash provided by operating activities|2021<br>£’000<br>2,653<br>(153)<br>241<br>1,273<br>79<br>-<br>(665)<br>1,893<br>(808)<br>46<br>4,559|2020<br>£’000<br>4,080<br>(110)<br>206<br>1,059<br>(783)<br>-<br>125<br>311<br>(449)<br>28<br>4,467|
|---|---|---|



## 19 OPERATING LEASE COMMITMENTS 

At 31 December 2021 the company had the following commitments under non-cancellable operating leases in respect of assets: 

|Within 1 year<br>Between 2 and 5 years|2021<br>£’000<br>5<br>10<br>15|2020<br>£’000<br>14<br>-<br>14|
|---|---|---|



## 20 LIABILITY OF MEMBERS 

Lhasa Limited is a company limited by guarantee. The company has 560 members and joint liability under guarantee is limited to £10 per member. 

## 21 PENSION FUND 

Employees of this company, together with other University entities participate in the Universities Superannuation Scheme. This is a defined benefit scheme and the rules require a full actuarial valuation of the Fund at intervals of not less than three years and six months. The assets of the Scheme are held in a separate Trustee administered fund. The Universities Superannuation Scheme is a multi-employer scheme for which it is not possible to separately identify the share of the total underlying assets and liabilities attributable to this particular company. 

The latest actuarial valuation of the Universities Superannuation Scheme was carried out as at 31 March 2021. The valuation at 31 March 2021 shows that the market value of the total assets held by the University Scheme was £80,600m and that the actuarial valuation of these assets represented 94% of the amount of the liabilities of the scheme. Contributions by participating employers are at the rate of 21.1% up to April 2022, 21.6% up to March 2024 then from April 2024 21.4% of salaries. 

40 



NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the year ended 31 December 2021 

## Lhasa Limited 

The basis of the valuation was from the long term yield on Government bonds in the market at the valuation date and the significant assumptions underlying the valuation were that the investment return would be 1.3% pa, and that salary increases would be CPI +1.5% 

During the year the company made contributions for the year, in respect of its eligible employees, totalling £2,115,150 (2020: £850,310). Included within this figure is an increase in the provision made in relation to the pension deficit in the year of £1,288,486 (2020: decrease of £68,296). 

Pension contributions were made in respect of 187 (2020: 156) employees in the year. 

The Charity also operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The cost for the year represents the Charity’s contributions to the scheme of £399,773 (2020: £352,249). There were no contributions payable to the scheme at the year end (2020: £nil). 

41