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2021-12-31-accounts

Charity Registration No. 276865

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ANNUAL REPORT AND UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION

Trustees Mr J P Allan
Dr D A Allen
Ms S J Blaylock
Prof J S Clibbens
Ms A L Eversett
Ms F M Griffith
Ms D M Griffiths
Mr J D Griffiths
Ms C M King
Prof V Maxfield
Ms P Manning
Dr P Newman (Appointed 24 April 2021)
Prof B Ottaway
Ms H Quinnell
Dr J P Salvatore
Mr J E Smith
Mr N M Stainer
Ms C J M Whitton
Dr E Wilkes
Mr W Horner
Charity number 276865
Principal address Berkeley House
Dixs Field
Exeter
Devon
EX1 1PZ
Independent examiner Simpkins Edwards LLP
Michael House
Castle Street
Exeter
Devon
EX4 3LQ
Bankers Barclay's Bank
39-40 Fleet Street
Torquay
TQ2 5DL
Lloyds Bank
Exeter Branch
234 High Street
Exeter
Devon
EX4 3NL

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

CONTENTS

Page
Trustees' report 1 - 14
Independent examiner's report 15
Statement of financial activities 16
Balance sheet 17
Notes to the financial statements 18 - 25

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

The trustees present their report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in note 1 to the financial statements and comply with the charity's governing document, the Charities Act 2011 and “Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)” (as amended for accounting periods commencing from 1 January 2016)

Introduction by the Chair of the Executive Committee

DAS has not been immune from difficulties arising from the Covid-19 pandemic and each aspect of our business, as set out below, has been affected in some way or other. Despite that, it is heartening that the Society and its members have continued to engage in various ways and there have been several reasons to celebrate in the past year.

We held our AGM, online, on 24 April, at which Professor Valerie Maxfield was confirmed as an Honorary Member for her long-standing and continuing work on behalf of DAS. The publication of our monograph on Rougemont Castle was celebrated with a well-attended launch in August. Volume 78 of the Proceedings was published in 2021, and good progress is being made with the long-term project to arrange the digitisation of and online access to our Proceedings , details of which should be confirmed in the coming year.

Despite restrictions imposed by the pandemic, we have run some in-person events which have been well received by those who take part, including site clearances and field visits in the county. Alongside these activities, DAS has continued to provide a comprehensive range and variety of online events for the benefit of our members and the public. These events have been run with a professionalism and quality that is greatly appreciated by all who attend.

As the year comes to a close, DAS is embarking on perhaps its most ambitious undertaking, the purchase of Hembury Hillfort for its long-term protection. Whilst the outcome is not yet confirmed as at December 2021, the Trustees are working to ensure the risks associated with acquisition and ownership of the site are minimised. Our aim is to secure the long-term care of the monument and we will update our members as the purchase proceeds.

All Trustees are thanked for all they have done to ensure the Society has not only survived through the past year, but has developed innovative and appreciated ways to engage our members and fulfil our charitable objectives. Our commitment to the archaeology of Devon remains undiminished and the support of our members is greatly appreciated.

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TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Objectives and activities The Executive Committee and its sub-Committees

The Executive Committee met online five times in 2021.

The General Purposes Sub-Committee (GP) met online four times in 2021.

The Membership and Premises Working Party (MaP) (Convenor John Griffiths) is responsible to the Executive Committee for the provision of continued and improving service to the Society’s members; for overseeing the maintenance and use of the Society’s premises and its assets.

MaP met online three times in 2021. Some activities focused on premises and outreach have remained on

hold whilst Berkeley House continues to be unused.

MaP has been active in drawing up a Covid-19 Safety Policy for events at Berkeley House or at other venues and field visits. The Policy measures should ensure that appropriate safety precautions, aligned with national regulations, are applied for the benefit and reassurance of event attendees and speakers. Seating in Berkeley House has been rearranged to ensure greater spacing for reduced numbers and there will be an emphasis on ventilation and cleaning.

MaP has also kept the use of online meetings and the possible return to in-person events under review. It has found that the use of online facilities for meetings, although not the preferred option for everyone, does make events available to more geographically-dispersed members and attracts attendees who may not otherwise feel able to participate on winter evenings, so MaP is also looking at how a variety of approaches may be used in future.

The premises in Berkeley House continued to be visited and inspected on a regular basis whilst the office has remained closed during 2021 for events and general use.

In May arrangements for a Zoom Working Party (ZWP) (Convenor Henrietta Quinnell) to oversee online events were formalised; ZWP reports to the Executive Committee where all decisions are ratified. Current membership consists of the President, Chair, Vice-Chair, Winter Meetings Secretary, Field Meetings Secretary, Seminar Officer, Lecture Courses Co-ordinator and Webmaster/Zoom organiser.

ZWP meets when required, and has met four times in 2021. Records of the ZWP are kept as a single

document.

In December, following the acceptance of an offer by DAS to purchase Hembury Hillfort, an exceptional meeting of the Executive Committee formalised the ad-hoc working group as the Hembury Working Party (HWP) (Convenor Eileen Wilkes) to oversee the purchase and management of Hembury Hillfort. Current HWP members are the President, Chair, two Vice-Presidents, Hon. Secretary and Membership Secretary. HWP meets as required, meeting records are kept and HWP reports to the Executive Committee. The HWP met seven times in 2021.

Public Benefit

The Trustees confirm that they have referred to the guidance contained in the Charity Commission’s general guidance on public benefit when reviewing the Society’s Aims and Objectives and in planning future activities. The activities of the Society are set out under the principal Charitable Objectives below.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

The promotion of archaeological research and the instigation and execution of fieldwork

DAS members again participated in the fieldwork at Mount Folly, S outh Devon. Due to restrictions imposed by the pandemic, only a limited area could be excavated and it was not possible to host an open day. Good progress was made in the investigation of activities related to occupation of the enclosures in the later Iron Age and further work is planned for 2022.

Graffiti Research Project (Pru Manning)

The Society’s Graffiti Research project continued very successfully during 2021, despite problems of access to churches during the pandemic. A total of 133 churches have been looked at since the start of the project. Of these, recording of 41 is complete, some 54 are finished except for the towers (10 or more of which may not be feasible for volunteers to do) and initial/partial assessments have been done for the remainder.

In January 2021 a News/blog page was added to the Graffiti Survey website. This is proving a nice informal way of keeping people in touch with what has been happening, allowing us to show examples of recently found graffiti and introduce graffiti types of particular interest, especially those we are puzzling about.

Also this year, as part of our research into how graffiti marks may have been created, Seán Goddard made videos showing experiments in marking stone, wood and lead. These are accessible on the website via the new Video Clips page.

The Society has

The Library (Celia King)

The library is one of the resources offered by the DAS to its members. As many of the members using the library attend one or more of the DAS courses, most of the books purchased during the year relate to the topics covered by the courses. In addition, suitable donated books have been added. A catalogue is available on the DAS website and in Berkeley House.

Covid-19 restrictions have again meant that use of the library has been very restricted this year and the Coffee Mornings which are normally held on the first Friday of each month remained suspended.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Preservation of archaeological sites and buildings

The Trustees have continued to monitor the provision of local authority heritage services across the historic County of Devon.

A number of national and local consultations regarding heritage, planning and the environment have come forward during 2021. The Trustees have considered and where appropriate commented on: DEFRA Consultation on Local Nature Recovery Strategies; the Mid Devon District Council Design Guide; the East Devon Local Plan 2021 to 2040 Issues & Options consultation; the Exeter City Local Plan Issues & Options consultation and Statement of Community Involvement; the Torbay Local Plan 2021-2030 Review: Housing Supply Policies Update; the Cullompton Conservation Area Appraisal, Conservation Area Management Plan and Town Centre Plan.

In addition the Trustees have made comments to Exeter City Council regarding further revised redevelopment proposals for the Harlequins site on Paul Street, Exeter and the proposed redevelopment of Hurst’s Almshouses, Fairpark Road, Exeter.

In October, Hembury (Payhembury) Hillfort was offered for sale on the open market. This is an extraordinarily important archaeological site, with evidence of Neolithic and Iron Age occupation of national importance and historic features associated with whetstone mining. Since its foundation, DAS has had a longstanding engagement with the site: our excavations there in the 1930s played a major role in identification of the phases of activity at the monument, and our engagement in research on the site continues. The hillfort itself is a Scheduled Monument and the land with it comprises woodland of high ecological importance. DAS Trustees canvassed local and national conservation organisations to purchase the site. Unfortunately, none was in a position to do so. Therefore, the Trustees agreed that DAS should submit an offer to purchase Hembury as the preservation of this site conforms with our charitable objectives. The offer was accepted in November. The Hembury Working Party was formed to oversee all aspects of the purchase and subsequent management. At the time of writing, the purchase is still ongoing; the cost is to be met by a sum from DAS, private donations, and a probable grant from Historic England. If purchase is successful, it is anticipated DAS will take over this important national monument during 2022. Appropriate management partners will be sought and we will undertake fund raising and grant applications to ensure the long-term proper care and management of the site.

Members of the Executive Committee represent the Society on various forums and committees, inter alia the Dartmoor National Park Forum, the Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Advisory Group and the Council for British Archaeology (CBA).

Dartmoor National Park Forum

There have been no formal meetings of the Forum this year. Work has been focused on the changing of bylaws relating to the use of the National Park. Online opportunities to comment were open to a wide audience of interested parties and the resultant inputs are now under consideration by the National Park Officers, with a further opportunity to comment being considered for early 2022.

Exmoor Historic Environment Advisory Panel

A series of online meetings were held from February until July, working through the 15 Research Priorities required for the Research Framework 2022-2026. Invitations were extended to those with relevant specialist knowledge, and the meetings proved informative and productive. Henrietta Quinnell attended those meetings to which she could make a contribution and chaired two of these. A meeting on HEAG was held on 6 December which provided an excellent summary of work in 2021 and covered matters pertinent to the following year.

Site clearance and field equipment (Nigel Stainer)

The autumn easing of Covid-19 restrictions allowed the return of DAS members to some active site clearance work. The Historic England and Devon Co Monuments Management Scheme provided opportunities for a keen group of DAS volunteers to gather at Hembury Hillfort and undertake useful clearance of a substantial area of unwanted scrub on the summit.

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TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

If anyone would like to join the clearance team on any such future outings they would be very welcome. Watch the Newsletter for notice of these events. A range of tools are provided and while you will need to be fit enough to spend a day in the open air, on a remote hillside, it is recognised that all do not work at the same pace. All contributions to the team effort are very welcome.

The Society has:

The Publication of material relevant to the archaeology of Devon

Editor’s Report (Phil Newman)

Proceedings no. 78 (2020) – a 278-page volume – was published in April 2021. Our printers, Short Run Press, also undertook the packaging and posting, usually done by volunteers, though at some considerable cost. This was unfortunately necessary due to the pandemic. The Society is grateful to the various developers who funded papers in this PDAS and who are individually acknowledged within the volume.

In addition to the Proceedings , the Rougemont Castle monograph by Stuart Blaylock and Robert Higham was published in August 2021 at a book launch held at Exeter City Library. We are very grateful to John Allan who edited this volume and saw this high quality piece of work through to production, including seeking out the funding. The volume has been published with generous financial assistance from Exeter City Council and Historic England to whom our thanks are due.

Proceedings no. 79 (2021) is currently being prepared for publication. The volume will contain at least seven papers, including four by past DAS Presidents writing as sole or joint authors. Editing of this volume is now well advanced and on course for publication and distribution, hopefully in April of 2022. Many thanks are due to committee colleagues and others who have helped with peer reviews of potential papers for PDAS and to members of the Editorial Committee for their sound advice and assistance over the past twelve months.

Progress has also been made towards our goal of digitising past volumes of the PDAS and making them freely available on the worldwide web. Prices for scanning the material have now been obtained and an evaluation of the best routes to follow in this process have been thoroughly researched as well as possible sources of funding.

Publication Sales (Celia King)

Society publications have continued to sell on a regular basis through the website throughout the year. Many of the requests are from individuals researching specific projects. Others have come from organisations wishing to purchase copies of the Proceedings . Some of our publications are available in appropriate outlets. Sales were boosted this year by the publication of the Rougemont Castle monograph.

The cancellation of events due to Covid-19 restrictions meant that it was not possible to have any bookstalls selling our own publications and donated books during the year. But we are still receiving donations of books ready for when we can again offer them to our members and others and we are grateful to all those who have donated books to the Society.

The Newsletter (Denise Allen)

The January, May and September 2021 Newsletters were posted out to members, with a small number (22 in May) sent by email to those who had requested this delivery method. Although more communication during 2021 was by email, and many events were virtual rather than live, the Newsletter remains an important medium for keeping all members informed about archaeological news and events in Devon, and for helping with forward planning for everyone. Grateful thanks are due to the many contributors of articles and news, and please keep these coming.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

The Society has

Meetings, lectures and other events

Winter Meetings (Shirley Blaylock)

The 2021 Winter Meeting programme included meetings of the 2020-2021 series and those of the 2021-2022 series and were organised by Shirley Blaylock with the assistance of Barbara Ottaway.

The 2021 programme began in January with our Vice-President Professor Valerie Maxfield talking on ‘The Buckfast Abbey Pavement and the history of some of Elgin’s other marbles’. This was followed in February by another Vice-President, Henrietta Quinnell, discussing ‘Dartmoor’s surroundings in the Middle Bronze Age: the emerging settlements of the lowlands’. In March, Jacky Nowakowski gave a presentation on ‘Researching Tintagel, Dumnonia and post-Roman Britain’. Our winter 2020-2021 programme ended with our annual joint lecture with the Prehistoric Society. Our special guest speaker was Professor Dr Thomas Stollner from the Institute of Archaeological Studies, Ruhr-Universität Bochum and Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum speaking on ‘Early metal mining in continental Europe’.

In the autumn a further four Winter Meetings were held, commencing in October with our President, Bill Horner, giving his Presidential Lecture on his experience as an aerial and Devon archaeologist entitled ‘Down to Earth: from archaeological aerial reconnaissance to excavation’. ln November, two lectures were held, firstly Dr Andy Jones on ‘Trethevy Quoit in the light of recent work’, followed later in the month by Drs Stuart Blaylock and Robert Higham presenting ‘Thirty years work at Rougemont Castle, Exeter, a round-up and overview’, highlighting the work reported on in the latest DAS Monograph. The year ended in December with a lecture by Professor Ralph Fyfe of the University of Plymouth on ‘Long-term land use and biodiversity change in the UK: a view from the archaeological record’.

All of the Winter Meetings in 2021 were held online, via Zoom, and we would like to thank the small group of Trustees who form the Zoom Working Party, particularly thanking Henrietta Quinnell for help developing the programme. The online meetings would not have been possible without the hard work and support of Mandy and Jon Eversett who have run the hosting and booking for all the online meetings, and their associated practice sessions.

We would like to thank all this year's speakers, along with the Prehistoric Society and the President, VicePresidents and Trustees who have Chaired the Winter Meetings.

Exeter Guildhall has been our main venue for many years and we look forward to being able to return there at some point in 2022. We are grateful to the Guildhall staff for deferring all our bookings until 2022.

Archaeology Lecture Classes (Valerie Maxfield)

The programme of lecture courses is now into its seventeenth year, and for the first time the whole year’s programme had to be run on Zoom. This has had the unfortunate effect of disenfranchising members who are not web-enabled, but the fortunate effect that we have been able to reach out to members beyond the county who have previously been unable to access lecture courses. We have continued to charge less for Zoom classes than for our normal in-person classes.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

From January to March the following courses were taught: Derek Gore on ‘The Impact of the Vikings in Scotland, Ireland and Wales’ (10 weeks), Richard Sandover on ‘Devenescire – Postulating a Domesday landscape for the county’ (6 weeks) and Robert Morkot on ‘International connections and culture in the Egyptian New Kingdom (1500-1100 BC)’ (6 weeks).

From October to December there was just one 10-week course, Denise Allen and Valerie Maxfield on ‘Cities of the Roman Empire’.

There was a total enrolment of 117 people over the 4 classes run in 2021.

Seminars (Henrietta Quinnell)

All seminars were held online, Zoom being managed by Mandy Eversett. In the spring these were restricted to 35/40 registrations to allow a degree of interaction and each was repeated because of popularity. Bill Horner, John Salvatore and Henrietta Quinnell acted as facilitators to monitor questions and discussion. The need for repetition meant that the timetable published in Newsletter 137 was substantially altered.

In early 2021 Henrietta Quinnell presented a repeat of the third of a series updating Devon’s prehistory, and two sessions of the last in the series. Valerie Maxfield gave and repeated ‘Starting on Samian’ and also ‘Roman Inscriptions’. Denise Allen gave and repeated ‘Roman Glass in Britain: manufacture, trade, use and recycling’. The last of the seminars was given in May.

Covid-19 conditions limiting other activities, three ‘covid’ lectures were organised in April and May: 28 April, Barbara Ottaway, ‘Gallow’s Hill: a Late Neolithic enclosure in Bavaria’; 12 May, Martin Gillard, ‘Peatland restoration and the archaeology of Exmoor’; 26 May, Henrietta Quinnell, ‘Updating the archaeology of the Isles of Scilly’.

John Allan started the 2021-2022 series with ‘The archaeology of the Cloth Industry in Devon’ and Laura Basell followed with ‘The first occupants of south west Britain: the region's Palaeolithic archaeology in context’ (both of which attracted members beyond the 100 limit). Another four seminars have been arranged for early 2022.

The Society thanks all those involved in making these Zoom events so successful.

Archaeology in Devon (Henrietta Quinnell)

This was held online after the AGM on 24 April. The programme with eight speakers was largely that initially planned for the cancelled 2020 event and was chaired by Valerie Maxfield. Attendance was opened to members of the Cornwall Archaeological Society in return for CAS inviting DAS to their AGM event ‘Roger Mercer and the Neolithic in Southern Britain’ and DAS Zoom capacity was increased to allow this. Mandy Eversett’s work with Zoom was essential for the success of the event which ran from 11am to 3.30pm.

‘Christmas Hamper’ (Henrietta Quinnell)

This one-off Zoom event, first held in 2020 as an extra during Covid-19, was held again on 28 December 2021 as response from 2020 was very positive. Five Trustees gave short talks on favourite topics with the aim of again providing a cheering archaeological interlude in the ‘covid’ Christmas.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Joint Symposium with the Cornwall Archaeological Society (Henrietta Quinnell)

2021 was the Society’s turn to host this event. Tavistock Town Hall had been booked for 30 October but DAS cancelled the booking due to Covid-19. Thanks go to the staff at the Town Hall for their patience and courtesy and for allowing the deposit of £90 to be held over for a future event. The Symposium was held online, with the support of Mandy and Jon Eversett. The topic was ‘Church Archaeology from c AD 1000-1550 in South West Britain’ and was chaired by Bill Horner, DAS President, and Caroline Dudley, CAS President. Attendance was 110 registrations.

John Allan provided enormous help in arranging speakers and spoke twice, on ‘ The study of the Medieval Church in Devon and Cornwall: an introduction’ at the beginning and ‘ The archaeology of Exeter Cathedral’ to end the day. Other speakers and topics were: ‘Romanesque sculpture in Devon and Cornwall’ with Alex Woodcock; ‘Devon church recording: three case studies: High Bickington, Kingsteignton and St Peter’s, Tiverton’ with Richard Parker; ‘St Nicholas Priory, Tresco, Isles of Scilly: archaeological recording research 2019-2021’ with Charlie Johns; ‘A church of “no interest”? Excavation and fabric analysis of St James, Jacobstowe, Devon’ with Stuart Blaylock; ‘Church exteriors – naked or clothed?’ with Jo Cox; and ‘Inside first! Reconstructing medieval church interiors in Cornwall and Devon with special reference to rood screens and lofts’ with Jo Mattingly. James Gossip was forced by technical problems to defer ‘ Uncovering St Piran’s Oratory: archaeology and conservation of an iconic Cornish chapel’ and will offer this as a winter meeting in 2022: CAS has agreed to contribute to the cost of increasing the DAS Zoom capacity when this happens.

Field Meetings (Denise Allen)

Field visits in summer 2021 were organised with a degree of caution due to the ongoing Covid-19 situation, resulting in minimal travel and restricted attendance. Two visits in late June and early July led by Henrietta Quinnell were organised to the sites of the Upton Pyne barrows, to the north of Exeter, allowing people to attend in two separate parties. There was also a walk to the Drizzlecombe stone rows and other monuments on Dartmoor led by Lee Bray, and a repeat of John Allan's walk around the St Pancras parish in central Exeter. Other field visits postponed from 2020 and 2021 will hopefully take place in 2022.

The Society has

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Achievements and performance

Membership (John Griffiths)

At mid-November 2021 the total number of memberships stood at 566 (561 at end of 2020) , comprising:

Institutional memberships: Surrey Archaeological Society had previously given notice that they would end their membership in 2021, having reviewed their portfolios of subscriptions. The administration of many institutions has been severely disrupted over the past year and they are only now starting to resume normal functions, which has been evident in disrupted payments and delayed responses from collections agencies acting on behalf of institutions.

Private memberships: Membership numbers started to recover in 2021, after a fall in the previous year which is probably directly attributable to the pandemic and accompanying disruption to members’ lives. A few members who dropped off the register in 2020 have resumed membership in 2021 and there were significantly fewer unpaid memberships by mid-year than in the previous four years. A well-supported programme of online events over 2021 and the launch of a new Monograph on Rougemont Castle have helped to ensure that new applications to join are also starting to return to near-‘normal’ levels (32 in 2021 compared to an a pre-pandemic average of 43 per year).

Membership distribution: The largest increases were in memberships from Torbay and the South Hams areas, along with a similar increase in new subscriptions from outside the county, nearly half of which were from new members based in Cornwall. Exeter memberships, on the other hand, declined the most over 2021, whilst memberships from other parts of the county were relatively stable.

MEMBERSHIPS BY AREA 2021 v 2020 2020/21 2019/20
Exeter -7 -6
Torbay & South Hams +7 -5
East Devon -1 -5
West Devon & Dartmoor 0 -2
Mid Devon 0 -1
North Devon -1 +1
Outside Devon +9 -6

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Financial review

For the year ended 31 December 2021, the Society had net income of £1,777 compared to net income for the year ended 31 December 2020 of £11,3 60 . No legacies were received during 2021. The Society’s investments had unrealised investment gains of £23,001 during 2021 compared to a gain of £16,320 during 2020.

The Trustees consider that the Society holds sufficient Reserves to maintain its activities in the event of unforeseen circumstances. Therefore, the aim of the Trustees is for each year’s financial activities to result in a break-even result. This is difficult to achieve accurately and so annual fluctuations between total net expenditure and total net income should be expected.

The Charitable Objectives Fund received annual income from investments of £4,456 (2020: £4,39 2 ) which is available to provide grants to applicants. During 2021 the Society made no grants as projects could not go ahead due to Covid-19. An improved uptake of these available grants would probably result in the Society making a small deficit in that year.

Thanks should be offered to John Smith, the Society’s Assistant Treasurer, who continues to shoulder the responsibility of managing the day-to-day finances of the Society with great efficiency. Following the sad death of Alistair Ainsworth in 2020, a new Treasurer has not yet been appointed.

The Society aims to break even each year. Restricted Reserves are donations and legacies given to the Society for a specific purpose designated by the donor.

The Trustees consider that the Society’s charitable objectives can best be implemented by having lecture and library facilities in the centre of Exeter. The Trustees consider that the Society should retain sufficient Reserves to demonstrate the Society’s financial strength to prospective landlords and to enable the Society to negotiate with landlords for suitable premises at a reasonable rent. The Trustees consider that the Society should retain sufficient Reserves so that they can develop long-term strategies and short-term plans to implement the Society’s charitable objectives, without being hampered by financial restraints. The Trustees consider that Unrestricted Reserves in excess of £100,000 should be retained to cover the above requirements.

The Trustees consider that the Society should retain sufficient Reserves to cover all committed liabilities that the Society would have at the commencement of the lease rental period for premises in Exeter. The Trustees consider that the Society should retain sufficient Reserves so that, in the event of a significant downturn in the Society’s finances, the Society could continue to provide the current scope of charitable activities for two years while the Trustees re-organise the Society’s activities within the reduced financial resources. The Trustees consider that Reserves of £120,000 should be retained to cover the above requirements.

It is the policy of the charity to maintain its free reserves at such a level as to enable the charity to cover the

major risks identified by the Trustees.

About half of the Society’s Unrestricted Reserves are invested in equity funds, partly as a hedge against future UK inflation, and also to provide income to implement the Society’s charitable objectives.

The Trustees have examined the major strategic and operational risks that the charity faces and confirmed that systems have been established in order to lessen these risks. The Trustees maintain these risks under regular review.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Structure, governance and management

The Society was founded in 1928 and is a registered charity (number 276865). In accordance with the rules, administration is by Trustee members of the Executive Committee, who are elected at the Annual General Meeting.

The objects of the Society shall be to promote and encourage archaeology in the historic County of Devon for the benefit and education of the public by means of:

Organisational structure

The Executive Committee’s members are Trustees and undertake the decision-making process, assisted by the General Purposes Sub-Committee and the Editorial Sub-Committee which may deal in the name of the Executive Committee subject to any financial transactions being ratified by the Executive Committee. In addition, three Working Parties are currently established, to deal with Membership and Premises; Zoom; and Hembury Hillfort.

Co-operation between the Society and related parties/other charities in the pursuit of the Society’s charitable objectives

The Society has no permanent relationships with any related parties or other charities except by way of joining with like-minded bodies in a common pursuit of the objectives as and when occasions arise.

The trustees who served during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were:

Mr J P Allan Dr D A Allen Ms S J Blaylock Prof J S Clibbens Ms A L Eversett Ms F M Griffith Ms D M Griffiths Mr J D Griffiths Ms C M King Prof V Maxfield Ms P Manning Dr P Newman (Appointed 24 April 2021) Prof B Ottaway Ms H Quinnell Dr J P Salvatore Mr J E Smith Mr N M Stainer Ms C J M Whitton Dr E Wilkes Mr W Horner

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

All Trustees are full members of the Society and are members of the Executive Committee.

The President serves for a period of two years and is elected at the Annual General Meeting on the nomination of the outgoing President and the Executive Committee. The President is not eligible for immediate re-election to this office.

Vice-Presidents, not exceeding twelve in number, may be elected at the Annual General Meeting on the nomination of the Executive Committee. Vice-Presidents serve for a period of three years and are eligible for immediate re-election.

Honorary Officers (Secretary, Treasurer, Editor, Field Meetings Secretary and Winter Meetings Secretary) are elected at the Annual General Meeting and serve for a period of one year. Immediate re-election is permitted. Members nominated for office will serve as members of the Executive Committee. Nominations are proposed and seconded by Full Members of the Society, the consent of the nominee having first been obtained in writing, and must be received by the Secretary by 14 February.

In addition to the above, up to eighteen Full Members of the Society may be elected as members of the Executive Committee for three years with one third of the members retiring each year. Immediate re-election is permitted. Nominations are made in writing by a proposer and seconder, the consent of the proposed nominee having first been obtained in writing. Nominations must be received by the Hon. Secretary by 14 February. If the nominations exceed the number of vacancies, a ballot is held at the Annual General Meeting.

The Executive Committee has the power to co-opt up to two additional members to serve until the next Annual

General Meeting.

All Trustees are required to sign a statement of their willingness to act in the trusts of the Society.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Executive Committee Members and Trustees 2021-2022

President: Mr William Horner

Vice-Presidents: Mr John Allan, Mrs Shirley Blaylock, Ms Frances Griffith, Miss Deborah Griffiths, Professor Valerie Maxfield, Mrs Henrietta Quinnell, Dr John Salvatore

Chair: Dr Eileen Wilkes

Vice-Chair: Miss Deborah Griffiths

Honorary Officers:

Members with special responsibilities:

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Other members of the Executive Committee

Professor John Clibbens, Professor Barbara Ottaway.

General Purposes Sub-Committee

Dr Eileen Wilkes (Chair), Dr Denise Allen, Mrs Amanda Eversett, Ms Frances Griffith, Miss Deborah Griffiths, Mr John Griffiths, Mr William Horner, Dr Philip Newman, Mrs Henrietta Quinnell and Dr John Salvatore.

Editorial Sub-Committee

Dr Philip Newman (Chair), Mr John Allan, Dr Denise Allen, Ms Frances Griffith, Miss Deborah Griffiths, Mr William Horner, Mrs Henrietta Quinnell and Dr Eileen Wilkes.

Membership and Premises Working Party (MaP)

Mr John Griffiths (Convenor), Dr Denise Allen, Mrs Shirley Blaylock, Mrs Amanda Eversett, Miss Deborah Griffiths, Mr William Horner, Mrs Celia King, Professor Valerie Maxfield, Mrs Henrietta Quinnell, Ms Cressida Whitton and Dr Eileen Wilkes.

Zoom Working Party (ZWP)

Mrs Henrietta Quinnell (Convener), Dr Denise Allen, Mrs Shirley Blaylock, Mrs Amanda Eversett, Miss Deborah Griffiths, Mr William Horner, Professor Valerie Maxfield and Dr Eileen Wilkes.

Hembury Working Party (HWP)

Dr Eileen Wilkes (Convenor), Mrs Amanda Eversett, Ms Frances Griffith, Mr John Griffiths, Mr William Horner and Mrs Henrietta Quinnell.

Representatives on other bodies:

Past Presidents (not Trustees): Mr Paul Bidwell, Professor Bryony Coles, Professor Andrew Fleming, Dr Robert Higham, Mr Michael Laithwaite, Professor Susan Pearce, Mr Simon Timms.

Postal address: c/o Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Queen Street, Exeter EX4 3RX

Society premises: Berkeley House, Dix’s Field, Exeter EX1 1PZ

Website: www.devonarchaeologicalsociety.org.uk

Independent Examiners: Simpkins Edwards, Michael House, Castle Street, Exeter EX4 3LQ

Bankers: Barclay’s Bank, Torquay Branch, 39-40 Fleet Street, Torquay TQ2 5DL; Lloyds TSB Bank, 234 High Street, Exeter EX4 3NL

The trustees' r eport was approved by the Board of Trustees.

Ms D M Griffiths Trustee Dated: 1 April 2022

Dr E Wilkes Trustee Dated:1 April 2022

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES OF DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

I report to the trustees on my examination of the financial statements of Devon Archaeological Society (the charity) for the year ended 31 December 2021.

Responsibilities and basis of report

As the trustees of the charity you are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the requirements of the Charities Act 2011 (the 2011 Act).

I report in respect of my examination of the charity’s financial statements carried out under section 145 of the 2011 Act . In carrying out my examination I have followed all the applicable Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act.

Independent examiner's statement

Your attention is drawn to the fact that the charity has prepared financial statements in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) in preference to the Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice issued on 1 April 2005 which is referred to in the extant regulations but has now been withdrawn.

I understand that this has been done in order for financial statements to provide a true and fair view in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Practice effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2015.

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe that in any material respect:

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the financial statements to be reached.

Mr J L Coombs MA (Cantab) FCA

for and on behalf of Simpkins Edwards LLP

Michael House Castle Street Exeter Devon EX4 3LQ

Dated: 1 April 2022

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES INCLUDING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2021
2021
Notes
£
£
Income from:
Donations and legacies
3
20,730
-
Charitable activities
4
24,103
-
Investments
5
4,570
-
Total income
49,403
-
Expenditure on:
Raising funds
6
479
-
Charitable activities
7
42,830
-
Governance costs
9
4,317
-
Total resources expended
47,626
-
Net gains/(losses) on
investments
10
23,001
-
Net movement in funds
24,778
-
Fund balances at 1 January
2021
284,308
2,170
Fund balances at 31
December 2021
309,086
2,170		 Total Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2021
2020
2020
£
£
£
20,730
16,650
-
24,103
30,405
-
4,570
5,319
-
49,403
52,374
-
479
237
-
42,830
36,226
-
4,317
4,551
-
47,626
41,014
-
23,001
16,320
-
24,778
27,680
-
286,478
256,628
2,170
311,256
284,308
2,170		 Total
2020
£
16,650
30,405
5,319
52,374
237
36,226
4,551
41,014
16,320
27,680
258,798
286,478

The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year.

All income and expenditure derive from continuing activities.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

BALANCE SHEET

AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2021

Notes
Fixed assets
Investments
12
Current assets
Debtors
13
Cash at bank and in hand
Creditors: amounts falling due within
one year
14
Net current assets
Total assets less current liabilities
Creditors: amounts falling due after
more than one year
15
Net assets
Income funds
Restricted funds
16
Unrestricted funds		 2021
£
6,509
144,816
151,325
(17,998)		 £
178,632
133,327
311,959
(703)
311,256
2,170
309,086
311,256		 2020
£
11,098
146,558
157,656
(26,109)		 £
155,634
131,547
287,181
(703)
286,478
2,170
284,308
286,478

The financial statements were approved by the Trustees on 1 April 2022

Ms D M Griffiths Dr E Wilkes Trustee Trustee

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

1 Accounting policies

Charity information

Devon Archaeological Society is a public benefit entity and a registered charity in England and Wales and is unincorporated. The address of the principal office is Berkley House, Dix's Field, Exeter, EX1 1PZ.

1.1 Accounting convention

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the charity's governing document, the Charities Act 2011 and “Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)” (as amended for accounting periods commencing from 1 January 2016). The charity is a public benefit entity as defined by FRS 102.

The charity has taken advantage of the provisions in the SORP for charities applying FRS 102 Update Bulletin 1 not to prepare a Statement of Cash Flows.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling , which is the functional currency of the charity . Monetary a mounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, modified to include certain investments at fair value. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

1.2 Going concern

At the time of approving the financial statements, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the trustees continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

1.3 Charitable funds

Unrestricted funds are available for use at the discretion of the trustees in furtherance of their charitable objectives.

Restricted funds are subject to specific conditions by donors as to how they may be used. The purposes and uses of the restricted funds are set out in the notes to the financial statements.

1.4 Incoming resources

Income is recognised when the charity is legally entitled to it after any performance conditions have been met, the amounts can be measured reliably, and it is probable that income will be received.

Cash donations are recognised on receipt. Other donations are recognised once the charity has been notified of the donation, unless performance conditions require deferral of the amount. Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid is recognised on receipt.

Legacies are recognised on receipt

Income from investments is accounted for on receipt.

1.5 Resources expended

Expenditure is recognised in the year in which it is incurred and includes attributable VAT that cannot be recovered. Expenditure includes those costs that can be allocated directly to each activity and support costs relating to the activity.

Expenditure on raising funds comprises the costs associated with attracting voluntary income.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

1 Accounting policies

(Continued)

Expenditure on charitable activities includes those costs incurred by the charity in the delivery of its charitable activities.

Expenditure on governance includes those costs associated with meeting the constitutional and statutory requirements of the charity.

Support costs are allocated between expenditure categories on a basis designed to reflect the use of the resource.

Grants payable are payments made to third parties in the furtherance of the objectives of the charity. Grants are accounted for when the trustees have agreed to pay the grants without condition.

1.6 Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses. Items are only capitalised when the purchase price exceeds £1,000.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Plant and equipment

Straight line over 3 years

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the statement of financial activities .

1.7 Fixed asset investments

Fixed asset investments are initially measured at transaction price excluding transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date. Changes in fair value are recognised in net income/(expenditure) for the year . Transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

1.8 Stocks

No account is taken of the value of back issues of the Proceedings and other publications held in stock by the charity, as sales are too uncertain.

1.9 Financial instruments

The charity has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the charity 's balance sheet when the charity becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

1 Accounting policies

(Continued)

Basic financial liabilities

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors and bank loans are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future p aymen ts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of operations from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the charity ’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements

In the application of the charity’s accounting policies, the trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

3 Donations and legacies

Unrestricted
funds
2021
£
Donations and gifts
4,626
Subscriptions
16,104
20,730		 Total
2020
£
781
15,869
16,650

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

4 Charitable activities

Charitable Charitable
Income Income
2021 2020
£ £
Lecture courses 5,499 7,418
Publishing and other grants 15,937 20,684
Symposia and conferences 2 780
Copyright fees 1,108 851
Field trips - 495
Sales of publications 843 177
Hillfort investigation 714 -
24,103 30,405
Investments
Unrestricted Unrestricted
funds funds
2021 2020
£ £
Income from listed investments 4,456 4,392
Interest receivable 114 927
4,570 5,319
Raising funds
Unrestricted Unrestricted
funds funds
2021 2020
£ £
Fundraising and publicity
Other fundraising costs 479 237
479 237

5 Investments

6 Raising funds

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

7 Charitable activities

Charitable
Expenditure
Support
costs
2021
2021
£
£
Lecture courses
3,040
5,400
Proceedings
9,419
680
Monographs
13,891
-
Newsletter
3,136
-
Symposia and conferences
-
207
Evening lectures and seminars
150
2,122
Grants made
500
112
Field meetings
-
-
Hillfort investigation and boards
500
-
Support of archaeological projects
731
1,532
Library
61
1,131
Devon graffiti project
80
-
Refunds for cancelled events
138
-
31,646
11,184
31,646
11,184		 Total
2021
£
8,440
10,099
13,891
3,136
207
2,272
612
-
500
2,263
1,192
80
138
42,830
42,830		 Total
2020
£
10,569
14,802
565
2,976
346
2,804
-
605
-
1,542
1,203
54
760
36,226
36,226

8 Trustees

The key management personnel of the charity are the trustees. None of the trustees (or any persons connected with them) received any remuneration for their services as trustees to the charity during the year.

During the year, payments for specialist services were made to trustees as follows:

Course lecturer - Dr D Allen £ 475 (2020: £1,548); Prof V Maxfield £ 475 (2020: £nil); Dr P Newman £3,000 (£nil) .

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

9 Governance costs

Unrestricted Total
funds
2021 2020
£
Annual General Meeting 100 399
Independent Examination 936 863
Subscriptions to other organisations 230 180
Secretary's expenses 229 237
Support costs 2,822 2,872
4,317 4,551
Net gains/(losses) on investments
Unrestricted Unrestricted
funds funds
2021 2020
£ £
Revaluation of investments 23,001 16,320

10 Net gains/(losses) on investments

11 Employees

The Society did not employ any staff during the year.

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

12 Fixed asset investments

Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2021
Unrealised gains/(losses)
At 31 December 2021
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2021
At 31 December 2020
13
Debtors
Amounts falling due within one year:
Other debtors
Prepayments and accrued income
14
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Accruals and deferred income
15
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
Accruals and deferred income		 Listed
investments
£
155,634
23,205
178,839
178,839
155,634
2021
2020
£
£
4,064
8,653
2,445
2,445
6,509
11,098
2021
2020
£
£
17,998
26,109
2021
2020
£
£
703
703

DEVON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

16 Restricted funds

The income funds of the charity include restricted funds comprising the following unexpended balances of donations and grants held on trust for specific purposes:

Movement Movement
in funds in funds
Balance at Incoming
Balance at		 Incoming Balance at
1 January 2020 resources
1 January 2021		 resources 31 December
2021
£
£
£
£		 £
2,170
-
2,170
-		 2,170

During 2017 the charity received £2,540 from the Catherine Linehan Trust. These funds are for archaeological research projects on Dartmoor and the surrounding area of Devon.

17 Analysis of net assets between funds

Unrestricted
Restricted
2021
2021
£
£
Fund balances at 31 December 2021 are
represented by:
Investments
178,632
-
Current assets/(liabilities)
131,157
2,170
Long term liabilities
(703)
-
309,086
2,170		 Total
2021
£
178,632
133,327
(703)
311,256		 Total
2020
£
155,634
131,547
(703)
286,478

18 Operating lease commitments

At the reporting end date the charity had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

Within one year
Between two and five years		 2021
£
5,625
18,750
24,375		 2020
£
5,625
24,375
30,000

19 Related party transactions

The Society operates a deposit account as agent for the Mount Folly Enclosures project. This project is run by Dr Eileen Wilkes, the Chair of the Society. There are no outstanding sums and no transactions relating to the Mount Folly Enclosures account are included in these financial statements.