ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS
2021
The British Society for the History of Science Ltd is a company limited by guarantee and registered in England no. 562208. It is also a registered charity no. 258854
Registered address: Aston Shaw, The Union Building, 51-59 Rose Lane, Norwich, NR1 1BY.
Email: office@bshs.org.uk Website: www.bshs.org.uk
REPORT OF COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 2021
Introduction
Report of the Directors
In accordance with Article 45 of the Articles of Association , Members of Council are the Directors of the Company by which the Society is known for purposes of registration under Company Law. The Report of Council is the Report of the Directors for the year 2021.
Report of the Trustees
In accordance with Article 45 of the Articles of Association, Members of Council are the Trustees of the Registered Charity by which the Society achieves its charitable objectives. The Report of Council is the Report of the Trustees for the year 2021. It conforms to the Charity Commission’s Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP) 2005.
Objects & Mission Statement
The primary objective for which the Society is established is to promote and further the study of the history and philosophy of science. Secondary objectives include the provision of facilities, the arrangement of meetings, the promotion of research and the publishing of papers; full details of all the objectives may be found in the Society’s Memorandum of Association .
The above objectives have been expressed in a mission statement form: to foster the understanding of the history and social impact of science, technology and medicine (HSTM) in all their branches in the academic and wider communities, and to provide a national focus for the discipline.
Policies
The main policy of the Society is to provide the infrastructure to gain its objectives and in approved cases to provide financial assistance by which its members and others may benefit in some aspect of their activities whilst helping to achieve the objects of a learned Society. To achieve this overall policy, the Society maintains a world-wide membership, issues several publications, chief of which is the British Journal for the History of Science , holds regular meetings and conferences on the history of science, technology and medicine, and contributes where appropriate to debate at governmental and other levels on scientific and educational issues. In terms of direct financial benefits, membership for students, the retired and unemployed is subsidized, and reduced charges
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and bursaries are available for student members attending conferences. Travel costs, especially for overseas meetings, are sometimes met for individual members and others. An investment policy is in force that defines the conditions under which the Society selects and maintains its investments. Risks are reviewed and reported upon to Council annually. Reserves are built up to provide a fund in reserve against uncertainties and to give income towards the running costs of the Society not borne by members. By publishing the British Journal for the History of Science, income is created for commitments and for a reserve of charitable money.
Organisation
The controlling body of the Society is its Council. Committees are responsible to Council for various activities outlined below and several members of Council have an Officer post designated for specific responsibility. The Officers are the President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer and Editor. The Conferences Committee organises a wide range of events for the Society and manages the BSHS Butler Eyles scheme; the Outreach and Engagement Committee is concerned with coordinating and directing the Society’s efforts to promote the understanding of HSTM in a wide range of educational contexts; the Finance Committee acts as the general source of advice for the Treasurer; the Grants Committee is responsible for assessing applications for the Society’s various grant schemes, for making awards, and for keeping the operation of the grant schemes under review. In addition, an advisory Editorial Board continues to support the Journal Editor. Council can be advised by a number of Advisory Officers in specialist roles, and by the Executive Secretary, who is not a member of the Society. The Executive Secretary is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Society, including keeping the accounts. The Executive Secretary is under contractual terms, reviewed annually by the Council. No member of Council or the Society receives any remuneration for services to the Society but expenses are paid.
Prizes
A number of prizes are awarded, of which three are named awards, each awarded biennially. There is an essay competition, the winner of which is awarded the BSHS Singer Prize. The BSHS Hughes Prize is awarded for the best recent history of science book aimed at a general audience. The BSHS Pickstone Prize is awarded for the best history of science book aimed at a scholarly audience. Other prizes, such as the BSHS Ayrton Prize for outstanding digital projects are awarded for exhibitions and digital projects relating to the history of science. All prizes are open to members and nonmembers, but not to members of Council.
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Review of Activities
Public Benefit
The trustees have complied with the duty in s4 Charities Act 2006 to have due regard to the public benefit guidance published by the Charity Commission. The trustees believe that the educational and research objectives of the Society are undertaken to further our charitable purposes for the public benefit.
Extraordinary General Meeting 2021
At the Extraordinary General Meeting held online as part of the BSHS Festival on 9th July 2021, the following Officers and Ordinary Members of Council were elected.
Officers
| Officers | |
|---|---|
| President | Professor Charlotte Sleigh |
| Vice President | Professor James Secord* |
| Secretary | Dr Chiara Ambrosio |
| Treasurer | Dr Rebekah Higgitt |
| Journal Editor | Dr Amanda Rees |
Ordinary Members
Dr Mary Augusta Brazelton, Professor Matthew Cobb, Dr Rohan Deb Roy, Dr Louisiane Ferlier, Dr William R. Macauley, Dr Emma Spary, Dr James Sumner, Sarah Qidwai, Dr Alice White
*New for 2021-2022
Council: The Society’s Council met on three occasions: 16 January, 17 April, 16 July and 9 October.
Activities of Council Committees
Conferences Committee: The main activities of the Committee were organizing the BSHS Postgraduate Online Conference in March 2022 and the Annual Conference of the Society at Queen's University Belfast in July 2022. Over 120 people attended the meeting in Belfast and it was a great success. The committee is now actively planning a virtual festival for the summer of 2023 along the lines of the meeting held in 2020.
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Finance Committee: The Finance Committee met regularly to discuss and agreed to review and update the Risk Register, consider future strategy, review the Reserves Policy in the light of Charity Commission guidance, discuss budget, expenses, staff pay and investments. Responsibility for the budgets of BSHS Committees remains with the respective Chairs.
Grants Committee : The Grants Committee awarded funding for Master's study and research projects of various kinds, on the basis of applications submitted for the deadlines of 15 June, 31 March and 30 September.
Outreach and Engagement Committee:
BSHS Ayrton Prize 2021
The 2021 Ayrton Prize was awarded to Typhoidland led by University College Dublin and University of Oxford. Typhoidland is an international research and engagement project that uses approaches from history, the social sciences, and digital humanities to engage global publics about typhoid and collective responsibility for disease control.
The digital exhibition, Our Journey, Our Story: History and Memory of Sickle Cell Anaemia in Britain, 1950-2020, was highly commended. This digital exhibition was developed by the Centre for History of Medicine, University of Warwick and Sickle Cell Society and hosted by the Black Cultural Archives. It was part of a wider HLF-funded project which aimed to collect and preserve the archives and voices of the history of the condition, and this exhibition brought these together to communicate what it is like to live with SCA, the activism and campaigning that pushed for SCA services in the National Health Service, and to exhibit art created by people living with the condition.
Engagement Fellowships 2021
We received a record-breaking twenty-eight applications for this year’s Engagement Fellowships. Normally we fund two applicants a year, but given the strength of the proposals and unused funds from 2020 we decided to fund fellowships at the following institutions:
The Old Operating Theatre to improve the accessibility and online use of their collection catalogue.
UK Antarctic Heritage Trust to research and present some of the stories of Antarctic science and discovery by women and people from less well represented groups.
Framework Knitters Museum to highlight the key characteristics of knitted materials and how each contributes to our daily lives.
Project Grants 2021
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OEC offers project grants of up to £300 to support engagement and outreach projects in the history of science, technology and medicine. Previous OEC Project Grant initiatives have included public events, the development of materials for schools, and work with collections and heritage sites. However, we are always hoping to be surprised by new ideas and formats.
February’s grant was awarded to Tenner Films to fund a school outreach programme connected to their documentary ‘The Atom: A Love Affair’, which explores the social and political history of nuclear power in the UK, USA, France & Germany over the past seventy-five years.
The May Grant was awarded to ‘Chronicles of a humble interplanetary dildo: a roundtable and zine of sex in space’. The grant will fund a publicly accessible digital workshop, that will serve as a point of departure for further research on sex technologies and space.
‘Stories of the supercontinent: Hidden histories from the theory of continental drift’, from University of Leeds were awarded the October Project Grant. The funding supported two creative writing workshop with participants in Leeds, based on hidden stories and voices associated with the discovery, collection and transport of fossils that underpinned Alfred Wegner’s theory of continental drift.
BSHS Hughes Prize 2021
The BSHS Hughes Prize, formerly the BSHS Dingle Prize, is awarded every two years to the best book in the history of science, technology or medicine published in English which is accessible to a wide audience of non-specialists.
The 2021 Hughes Prize was awarded to Jaipreet Virdi’s Hearing Happiness: Deafness Cures in History. The book was commended for its unique mixture of personal insight and perceptive historical analysis of a fascinating and understudied topic – the development of technology to cure deafness in the USA and UK.
The OEC would like to thank the judging panel who happily gave up their weekends and evenings to shortlist and score the high-quality submissions.
The jury were:
Prof. Matthew Cobb (Chair) Dr. Ellie Armstrong Dr. Alice Bell Prof. Sanjoy Bhattacharya Dr. Mary Brazelton Katherine McAlpine
The full shortlist was:
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Timothy Barnard, Imperial Creatures: Humans and Other Animals in Colonial Singapore 1819-1942 (NUS Press, 2019)
Seb Falk, The Light Ages: A Medieval Journey of Discovery (Penguin, 2021)
Lucy Jane Santos, Half Lives: The Unlikely History of Radium (ICON, 2020)
Angela Saini, Superior: The Return of Race Science (Beacon, 2019)
Samanth Subramanian, A Dominant Character: The Radical Science and Restless Politics of J.B.S. Haldane (Atlantic, 2019)
Jaipreet Virdi, Hearing Happiness: Deafness Cures in History (UCP, 2020)
Publications and Communications
BJHS: Four issues (Vol.54) of the British Journal for the History of Science were published in 2021. Dr Amanda Rees continued as editor, as did Mrs Trish Hatton as BJHS Managing Editor and Dr Sam Robinson (Cambridge) as Book Reviews Editor . The editorial board is as follows: Professor Gowan Dawson, University of Leicester, UK, Dr Jim Endersby, University of Sussex, UK, Dr Vanessa Heggie, University of Birmingham, UK, Professor Daryn Lehoux, Queen’s University, Canada, Professor Omar Nasim, University of Regensburg, Germany, Dr Jahnavi Phalkey , Science Gallery Bengaluru, India, Professor Jennifer M. Rampling, Princeton University, USA, Professor Jessica Riskin, Stanford University, USA, Dr Anna Marie Roos, University of Lincoln, UK, Dr Richard Staley, University of Cambridge, UK, Professor Justin Stearns, New York University, USA, Dr James Sumner, University of Manchester, UK, Professor Zuoyue Wang , California State Polytechnic University Pomona, USA. The BJHS is published for the Society by Cambridge University Press.
Themes: Volume 6 (on 'Descent of Darwin: Race, sex and human nature') was published. This issue was guest edited by Professor Erika Lorraine Milam and Professor Suman Seth. Professor Simon Werrett served as the General Editor for Volume 6. His term came to an end this year, Meanwhile, Dr. Rohan Deb Roy continued as General Editor, as did Mrs Trish Hatton as BJHS Themes Editorial Assistant.
Viewpoint: Jennifer Farquharson took over as Editor from Hazel Blair, and oversaw the production of three issues in 2021. These included:
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No. 123 (February 2021): Industrial innovation
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No. 124 (June 2021): Travelling science
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- No. 125 (October 2021): The science of everything
A new Assistant Editor was recruited, Santiago Guzman. The role was adapted to focus as much on training and development as support for the editor, and Santiago is learning the editorial and proofing process as part of his role.
Committees
The Committees of Council were as follows (as at the year-end):
Conferences Committee : Dr Sam Robinson (Chair), Dr Sarah Qidwai (Council Member), Professor Iwan Morus (Programmes Co-ordinator), Dr Stuart Matthison ('22 Conference Organiser), Grace Exley (Postgraduate Rep/Conference Committee Secretary).
Finance Committee: Dr Rebekah Higgitt (Chair), Dr Chiara Ambrosio, Professor Pratik Chakrabarti, Dr Miles Parker, Professor James Secord, Professor Charlotte Sleigh, Dr Emma Spary
Outreach & Engagement Committee: Dr Rachel Boon (Chair), Dr Eleanor Armstrong, Rosanna Evans, Lauren Deere, Dr Allan Jones, Katherine McAlpine, Lenka Sediva, Dr James Sumner.
Advisory Members of Council
Conferences Committee Chair: Dr Sam Robinson
Archivist: Dr Rebecca Fallas
Administration
The British Society for the History of Science Limited is a Private Company Limited by Guarantee and not having a Share Capital. It is registered in England as a company, Registered No 562208 and also a registered Charity No 258854. The governing document of the Company and the Charity is its Memorandum and Articles of Association . The registered address in 2021 was Aston Shaw, The Union Building, 51-59 Rose Lane, Norwich, NR1 1BY.
Executive Secretary
Lucy Santos was Executive Secretary for the Company during the year 2021.
Responsibility for Accounts
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The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. As Directors and Trustees, Members of Council are required to prepare accounts for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the charity for that year. In preparing those accounts, the Members of Council are required to select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently, to make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent and to prepare the accounts on a going-concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business or the charity in operation.
The Members of Council are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the charity and enable them to ensure that the accounts comply with the Companies Act 1985 and the recommendations of the Charity Commissioners in SORP 2005. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (information needed by the company’s auditors in connection with preparing their report) of which the company’s auditors are unaware; and each director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditors are aware of that information.
Trustee/Director Recruitment, Appointment and Training
Recruitment to Council is achieved by taking nominations from the Society’s membership and from Council. Annually at the Extraordinary General Meeting, members of the Society elect Council members and officers from those nominated. Ordinary Council members are appointed for a term of 3 years and officers generally for a minimum of 3 years depending on role. All Council newcomers are issued with the Society’s rules and procedures which covers all the practices to be adopted for the smooth and consistent operation of the Society, the Charity Commission’s guidelines for trustees, the constitution and the last Annual Report and Accounts.
Reserves Policy
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Council has approved a policy for the maintenance of sufficient investments and savings to provide a fund in reserve against uncertainties and to provide income towards the running costs of the Society not borne by members.
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The Society works within the Charity Commission’s guidelines on the subject as expressed in the current SORP.
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Using these guidelines, Council has agreed that a level of cash reserves (to be held on one of the Society’s Savings Accounts) appropriate to its situation should be no less than 12 months of normal operating costs as listed in budget and accounts under the heading of Operating Costs. This allows, in the unlikely event of closure of the Society, for activities and obligations to be brought to an orderly conclusion.
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- The Society also maintains reserves in the form of a managed investment account (The General Account). The purpose of this account is to enable the Society to weather short/medium term fluctuations in income by utilising the income generated or, in severe situations, proceeds of sale of part of the assets, to maintain its normal level of charitable activity. Where conditions permit, the Society will seek to grow these reserves, through fund raising or charitable donation.
This policy first became effective from 2008 and is reviewed every three years; it has been reviewed and amended or reconfirmed in 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2020.
Investment Aims
The income generated by the Society’s investment portfolios, the General and Wheeler Funds, continues to be paid monthly into the Society's bank accounts, reflecting the charitable role of the Society to use its income to fund its activities. Income from the Wheeler Fund helps fund the open access journal, BJHS Themes . Income from the General Fund goes into the general bank account and is used toward Committee spending. The investment portfolios continue to be overseen by Rathbones Greenbank, who are instructed to adopt a medium risk strategy, bearing in mind the Society’s liquidity. The Treasurer and Executive Secretary receive quarterly statements from the managers, which are reported to Council. The Finance Committee reviews performance of the portfolios annually and reports their findings to Council.
Risks
The Society's Risk Register was approved in January 2021. Investment risk continues to be reduced by using professional fund managers to actively manage the investment portfolio and the Society continues to maintain reserves equivalent to one year’s operating expenditure and wind up costs, in the form of liquid reserves in savings accounts. The Trustees believe the few major risks to which the charity is exposed have been identified and that action has been taken to mitigate those risks. However, it remains essential to keep a close eye on the changes to profits from BJHS resulting from CUP's changing models of subscription and approach to open access. Impact of the pandemic and rising cost of living, in a context of precarious employment, remain risks to income, will increase operating costs and impact investment income.
Financial Activities
Notice to Members of the Society
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The Annual Report is sent to all members of the Society. Pursuant to Section 253(1)(b) of the Companies Act 1989, notice is hereby given that, despite the resolution in force that the company elects to dispense with laying the accounts and reports before a general meeting, every member of the Society has the right to require the laying of accounts and reports before a general meeting. If requested to do so, the Executive Secretary will advise any member of the procedure to be adopted.
Bankers
Lloyds, Brunel Centre Swindon, 82 Regent Street, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN1 1JZ
Investment Managers
Rathbones Greenbank, 8 Finsbury Circus, London, EC2M 7AZ
Auditors
Aston Shaw, The Union Building, 51-59 Rose Lane, Norwich, NR1 1BY
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Registered Company No: 562208 Registered Charity No: 258854
The British Society for the History of Science (Being a company limited by Guarantee and not having a Share Capital)
Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Independent Accountant's Report to the members of The British Society for the History of Science We have prepared the financial statements of The British Society for the History of Science for the year ended 31 December 2021 which comprise the Statement of Financial Activities, the Balance Sheet, and the related notes. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally ACpted Accounting Practi.) Basis of preparation and Audit exemption st For the year ending 31 Dember 2021 the company was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies. The financial statements have been prepared in accordan with the special provisions of Part 15 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies and with the Financial Reporting Standard for Smaller Entities (effective April 2008). Respective responsibilities of trustees and accountant As explained more fully in the Trustees, Responsibilities Statement, the trustees (who are also the directors of the charitable company for the purpose of company law) are responsible with respect to accounting records and for the preparation of the financial statements. Our responsibility is to compile the financial statements in order to assist you to fulfil your statutory responsibilities, from the accounting records and information and explanations supplied to us. These accounts have been prepared in accordan with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies, regime. Matters on which we are required to report by exception We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if= adequate accounting records have not been kept or returns have not been received from branches not visited by us" or the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or certain disclosures of trustees, remuneration specified by law are not made; or we have not reiVed all the infomation and explanations we require. Andrew Gibbins For and on behalf of Aston Shaw Ltd Chartered Certified Accountants The Union Building 51-59 Rose Lane Notwich NR11BY Rebekah Higgitt Treasurer Signature Date of Signature ZL
The British Society for the History of Science
For the Year ended 31 December 2021
| Note Income and Expenditure Incoming Resources Generation of Funds Membership Subscription BJHS Royalties BJHS Editing Contribution Misc Publishing Income Miscellaneous Income Conferences Annual Conference Income Investments General Fund Dividends, Gains and Interest Wheeler Fund Dividends, Gains and Interest Grants Grants Received Donations and Fundraising Donations Received Interest Interest Receivable (Current Account) Total Income Resources Resources Expended Committee Activities Conference Committee 1 Outreach and Engagement Committee 2 Grants Committee 3 Prizes 4 Publications Journals 5 Magazine 6 Operating Expenditure Office and Day to Day Costs 7 Web Costs Freelance and Professional Fees 8 Travelling and Meeting Costs Bank Charges Miscellaneous Total Resources Expended Net Incoming Resources Total funds brought forward Total funds carried forward |
Unrestricted Restricted Total Total Funds Funds 2021 2020 £19,106 £0 £19,106 £17,740 £44,495 £0 £44,495 £43,157 £10,944 £0 £10,944 £5,405 £99 £0 £99 £71 £0 £0 £0 £0 £582 £0 £582 £750 £20,286 £0 £20,286 £11,839 £0 £11,899 £11,899 £6,944 £760 £0 £760 £760 £2,176 £0 £2,176 £1,859 £2 £0 £2 £7 £98,449 £11,899 £110,349 £88,532 £1,567 £0 £1,567 £1,995 £4,900 £0 £4,900 £2,600 £18,921 £0 £18,921 £16,869 £300 £0 £300 £1,325 £7,003 £7,992 £14,995 £15,748 £8,137 £0 £8,137 £3,175 £2,275 £0 £2,275 £3,663 £393 £0 £393 £720 £24,411 £0 £24,411 £27,458 £0 £0 £0 £1,242 £197 £0 £197 £195 £1,796 £0 £1,796 £1,779 £69,901 £7,992 £77,893 £76,771 £28,549 £3,907 £32,456 £11,761 £257,869 £92,151 £350,020 £338,259 £286,418 £96,058 £382,476 £350,020 |
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The British Society for the History of Science For the Year ended 31 December 2021
| Balance Sheet Note Fixed Assets Investments 9 Current Assets Stock Debtors 10 Cash at Bank Creditors Amounts due within one year 11 Net Current Assets Total assets less current liabilities Net Assets Income Funding Unrestricted Funds Other Charitable Fund Restricted Funds 13 |
2021 271,803 271,803 0 5,126 112,756 117,882 7,210 7,210 382,475 382,475 286,417 286,417 96,058 382,475 |
2020 242,721 242,721 0 4,899 109,574 114,473 7,174 7,174 350,020 350,020 257,869 257,869 92,151 350,020 |
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The British Society for the History of Science For the Year ended 31 December 2021
1. Conference Committee
| BSHS Annual Conference 2. Outreach and Educational Committee OEC Activity Grant OEC Fellowship Grant 3. Grants Committee Masters Bursary Research Grant 4. Prizes Pickstone Prize Singer Prize Hughes Prize 5. Journal BJHS Editing Costs Theme Editing Costs BJHS Handling and Distribution 6. Magazine Viewpoint Production Costs Viewpoint Distribution Costs |
2021 £1,567 £1,567 2021 £900 £4,000 £4,900 2021 £16,000 £2,921 £18,921 2021 £0 £0 £300 £300 2021 £6,981 £7,992 £22 £14,995 2021 £7,047 £1,090 £8,137 |
2020 £1,995 £1,995 2020 £600 £2,000 £2,600 2020 £12,000 £4,869 £16,869 2020 £525 £500 £300 £1,325 2020 £7,224 £8,204 £320 £15,748 2020 £1,586 £1,590 £3,175 |
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7. Office and Day to Day Costs
| Executive Secretary Expense Postage and Courrier Stationery Storage Bookkeeping Costs Insurance Legal Expenses Phone and Internet IT software & consumables Translation Series 8. Freelance and Professional Fees Audit and Accountancy Fees Communication Officer Administration Fees 9. Investments UK Quoted Investments Historical Cost (Booking Costs) Broad Range Narrow Range Market Value 01.01.2020 Additions to Investment Market Value 31.12.2021 Investments consist of: General Portfolio Wheeler Portfolio Total Investments |
2021 £0 £0 £0 £1,330 £270 £63 £77 £72 £464 £2,275 2021 £1,099 £0 £23,312 £24,411 2021 Value £271,803 £271,803 £216,339 £0 £271,803 £271,803 £242,721 £29,082 £271,803 £171,382 £100,421 £271,803 As at 31.12.21 |
2020 £63 £76 £77 £1,430 £330 £809 £13 £48 £637 £180 £3,663 2020 £1,482 £3,013 £22,964 £27,458 2020 Value £242,721 £242,721 £215,982 £0 £242,721 £242,721 £226,661 £16,060 £242,721 £153,051 £89,670 £242,721 |
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| 10. Debtors Prepayments 11. Creditors Trade Creditors Accruals 12. Analysis of Net Assets Fund Balances at 31.12.2021 Investments Current Assets Current Liabilities Total Net Assets 13. Restricted Funds Funds consist of: Wheeler Bequest Total funds held |
2021 2020 £5,126 £4,899 £5,126 £4,899 2021 2020 £5,909 £5,909 £1,300 £1,265 £7,210 £7,174 Unrestricted Restricted Total £171,382 £100,421 £271,803 £122,245 -£4,363 £117,882 -£7,210 £0 -£7,210 £286,417 £96,058 £382,475 £100,421 £100,421 |
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