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2021-03-31-accounts

Company registered number: 0565499 Charity number: 231310

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

TRUSTEES' REPORT AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

CONTENTS

Page
Referenceand Administrative Details of the Charity, its Trustees and Advisers 1
Trustees' Report 2-12
Independent Auditor's Report 13-15
Consolidated Statement of Financial Activities 16
Company Statement of Financial Activities 17
Consolidated Balance Sheet 18
CompanyBalanceSheet 19
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow 20
Company Statement of Cash Flow 21
Notes to the Financial Statements 22-36

Report of the trustees For the year ended 31 March 2021

REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION

Trustees

Sudanta Abeyakoon Brigitte Burnett Nicholas Carroll Kazuko Kawamura Caroline Leinster (Trust Secretary) John Peters Stevens (Chair)

Company Registered Number

0565499

Charity Registered Number

231310

Trust Secretary

Caroline Leinster

Registered Office

Amaravati Buddhist Monastery Great Gaddesden, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP1 3BZ

Auditors

Haysmacintyre LLP 10 Queen Street Place, London EC4R 1AG

Bankers

CAF Bank Ltd. Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4JQ

National Westminster Bank plc 4 High Street, Petersfield, GU32 3JE and 9 Bank Court, Hemel Hempstead, HP1 1FB

Triodos Bank Ltd. Deanery Road, Bristol, B51 5AS

Scottish Widows Bank Ltd. PO Box 883, Leeds, LS1 9TY

Solicitors

Bates Wells & Braithwaite London LLP

10 Queen Street Place, London, EC4R 1BE

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Report of the trustees For the year ended 31 March 2021

The trustees, who are also directors of the charity for the purposes of the Companies Act, submit their annual report and the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2021. The financial statements comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Companies Act 2006, the Memorandum and Articles of Association, and Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice for Charities (SORP 2015) (Second Edition, effective 1 January 2019).

1. OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

1.1 Objects of the Charity as set out in its Governing Document

The objects of the charity are to “further the teaching and practice of the Buddha in the United Kingdom by: the provision of residential centres and other requisites for bhikkhus, siladhara and samaneras; the provision of accommodation for the purposes of instruction, for other followers of Theravada Buddhism; the provision of teaching and study of Theravada Buddhism; and as requested by the Theras and Theris of the English Sangha, the relief of followers of Theravada Buddhism who are in need by reason of age, ill-health, disability or other disadvantage”.

1.2 Public Benefit

The Trustees confirm that they have complied with the duties enshrined in the Charities Act 2011 to have due regard to the public benefit guidance published by the Charity Commission in determining the activities undertaken by the charity. In particular, when reviewing the charity's objectives and planning future activities, the trustees refer to the Charity Commission's guides PB1, PB2 and PB3.

In the interests of transparency, the trustees make the following observations on the two key principles of public benefit.

Principle 1: There must be an identifiable benefit or benefits

The benefits are set out below in the Review of Activities. The trustees review the activities of the charity against its aims on an ongoing basis and are satisfied that all the activities continue to be related to the aims. No issues of detriment or harm have been identified.

Principle 2 : Benefit must be to the public or a section of the public

As set out in the review of activities there are a wide range of services and facilities provided by the charity that the public can benefit from. All members of the public can use the services and facilities of the charity, which are all available free of charge, notwithstanding closure for, e.g. health security reasons.

1.3 Review of activities

The main financial responsibility of the charity is the development, maintenance and upkeep of Amaravati and Cittaviveka monasteries. These continue to attract members of the public of all faiths

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Report of the trustees For the year ended 31 March 2021

and none, who are interested to learn about, or deepen their understanding of, the Buddha’s teachings, foremost of which is the path of practice leading to the end of suffering. This includes mindfulness and other meditations, which are now commonly practised in secular society.

There are typically about 65 monks and nuns resident at the two monasteries, together with around 10 to 13 long term lay residents and up to 40 guests/visitors. Because of Covid-19 restrictions there were no short-term guests in 2020-21. Both men and women, who wish to commit more fully to the Theravadan Buddhist path, may apply to enter the monastic training, typically spending a few months at one of the monasteries before taking the anagarika/aa precepts. After a year or two of practising as an anagarika/aa they may ask to be accepted into the community of monks or nuns.

The monasteries are focal points for an extensive lay community. They provide spiritual support to, and are generously supported by Buddhists from the UK and many other countries including members of the Thai, Sri Lankan, Cambodian and Lao communities. For many lay Buddhists, being able to support the monastic sangha - whether materially or practically - is held as great good fortune, in that it helps to generate spiritual blessings or 'merit'.

The monasteries are normally open to the public on a daily basis, and all are welcome to join in periods of meditation and devotional practices and to hear teachings. Some visitors come to the monasteries and their grounds simply to enjoy their peaceful and calm environments. In particular, at Amaravati visitors can make use of Amaravati Wood and also the Stupa shrine. Visitors write very positively – Amaravati is a place where they can relax, ponder and reflect in tranquil surroundings, among welcoming, friendly people. At Cittaviveka visitors can access the 150 acre Hammer Wood, where ecological conservation is being undertaken. In 2020-21 during the Covid-19 lockdown, the monasteries were largely closed to the public.

Meditation classes, all offered online in 2020/21, are open to all members of the public whatever their faith and personal circumstances, which are, in normal times, run at the weekend at Amaravati. These classes are free of charge. Mindfulness meditation and the cultivation of loving-kindness and compassion are practices with proven therapeutic benefits, which have been adopted and adapted by mental health professionals. For example, based on research evidence the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy for the treatment of recurrent depression, as effective as commonly prescribed anti-depressants. A report (October 2015) from the Mindfulness All-Party Parliamentary Group commends the potential for Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction to play a major role in health, education, the workplace and the criminal justice system. Long-time lay practitioners who have trained at Amaravati and Cittaviveka, are active in bringing mindfulness to the general public in a variety of secular, therapeutic contexts.

In addition to online retreats led by monks and nuns, a programme of lay supporter-led retreats and Days of Practice open to the public was run. The Amaravati Lay Buddhist Association (ALBA), a lay Buddhist group affiliated to Amaravati Buddhist Monastery, ran 12 online Days of Practice. The Buddhist Women’s Network ran 11 online Afternoons of Practice.

Whilst the charitable area of operation of the charity is England and Wales, it is also an international community.

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Report of the trustees

For the year ended 31 March 2021

Buddhist teachings emphasise not only meditation but also the importance of maintaining high ethical standards. Social virtues such as concern for the welfare of others, non-envy, generosity, moderation and trustworthiness are encouraged, as well as respect for the natural environment. Studies have found that generosity, in the form of both volunteering and charitable donations, have physical and psychological benefits to the giver as well as the recipient.

The annual Vesak ceremony (recalling the birth, enlightenment and final passing of The Buddha) was cancelled due to the first Covid-19 lockdown. However, the annual Kathina ceremony (where members of the public provide the sangha with necessities – including cloth for robes) was held in line with the Covid-19 restriction at Amaravati and Cittaviveka and the live video of the ceremony was available to the public through the monasteries Youtube channel The live videos of these events were well accessed by the supporters and general public from around the world

The family camp (held each August) which has proven to be a successful way of welcoming families into Amaravati monastery was cancelled this year due to the Covid-19. This event, which enables families to stay at the monastery for ten days to participate in activities developed for children and families and is run by lay Buddhists together with sangha, will be scheduled in future. The other residential events for families and young people as well as an adult creative weekend were not held this year.

The charity supports educational visits from school students and during the year a number of groups received online instruction via the monasteries at Amaravati and Cittaviveka. Teachers, other religious groups and university students are customarily regular visitors. The charity also provides material for the study of Buddhism and life at the monastery to these visitors and to others who request them, all these resources being provided online during 2120/21.

The Christmas Humphreys Memorial Library continues to be a rare resource of Buddhist books for all the community and can also be used by long term supporters and lay residents.

During the year the Trust continued to receive donations which have supported the printing of many Dhamma books, which are available for free distribution to supporters and members of the public. The Kataññutā Group, for many years the main sponsor of printing and distribution of books for free distribution published by Amaravati Publications, is now focussing on the popular and useful calendars, and other offerings for publications are received from a wide range of supporters

1.4 COVID 19 pandemic lockdown

Amaravati and Cittaviveka monasteries were closed to all visitors from 24 March 2020 in accordance with UK guidelines around places of worship in place during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the UK government announced that places of worship could open for ‘individual prayer’ from June 15[th] 2020, under the guidelines, communal activities were not permitted due to the communal nature of our monasteries and lifestyle, and the charity let supporters and visitors know that the Amaravati Temple and Grounds remained largely closed to visitors . When COVID-19 regulations allowed, visitors were received on a restricted basis. The offering of teachings is made increasingly using internet based technologies, such as live-streaming, podcasts and e-books.

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Report of the trustees

For the year ended 31 March 2021

2. Volunteers

The charity is very grateful for the contribution made by its volunteers, who assist in a wide variety of areas including office and administrative work, maintaining and updating the Amaravati website, maintenance work, gardening, cooking, driving, assisting with ceremonies including Kathina and Vesak, and serving as members of the various committees and advisory groups. The sangha provides spiritual guidance and practical leadership in many of these areas.

3. Achievements of the Charity

The trustees identified the following objectives for 2020/21, (in bold) which were fulfilled as detailed:

Cittaviveka (Chithurst Buddhist Monastery)

Main House

Rocana

Out-buildings and Kutis

Hammer Pond & Dam

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Report of the trustees For the year ended 31 March 2021

At Amaravati Buddhist Monastery

Items across The English Sangha Trust

4. FINANCIAL REVIEW

4.1 Review of financial position

The charity is well supported by the generosity of the sangha’s many supporters. Gross income for the group of £11,889,593 (2019-20: £1,400,032) including legacy income of £114,871 (2019-20: £45,274).

The Charity acknowledges with particular appreciation donations totaling £10,750,000 from one donor, which is to provide communal accommodation and residences for monastics. This has given an extraordinary boost to the Charity’s work of supporting the development of the community and the dissemination of Buddhist teachings.

Charitable expenditure for the group was £804,331 (2019-20: £932,735) giving a net income for the group of £11,085,262 (2019-20: £467,297).

Capital expenditure for the group was £1,136,489 (2019-20: £1,684,942). The major item of capital expenditure at Amaravati in the year was the construction of the Nuns’ Nursing Kuti which is a purposebuilt nursing facility. We obtained planning consent to build some Nuns’ accommodation buildings which will be constructed in 2021/22. We also prepared preliminary designs for a new Sala (a communal refectory and kitchen), which will go forward for planning consent in 2021/22.

In April 2020 the charity established a Financial Sustainability Network (FSN), comprising trustees, senior

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Report of the trustees For the year ended 31 March 2021

sangha and accountants, to analyse income and expenditure data and provide an ongoing focus on the financial implications of COVID-19. The work includes keeping the reserves under review, communicating with lay donors and taking all legitimate actions to ensure the Trust remains a going concern so it can provide the requisites to the sangha and fulfil all its Objectives.

The FSN made the following recommendations, all of which were adopted by Trustees in 2020-21:

  1. To un-designate £375,000 of the Amaravati Development Fund and re-designate it as a Post Pandemic Impact Fund (PPIF).

  2. To increase the fund to £500,000 when funds become available so as to cover 3 years worst case scenario deficits. The PPIF stood at £474,165 at 31 March 2021.

  3. That this new fund could be used, if need be, to cover shortfalls at the Retreat Centre and at Cittaviveka as well as at Amaravati.

  4. That when this new fund is un-designated, Trustees will review the reserves policy and decide whether to return the funds to their previous designation in the Amaravati Development Fund.

The FSN’s remit has been extended during the year to include focus on the financial risks inherent in large capital projects and to review the purposes and allocation of the PPIF.

4.2 Reserves Policy

4.2i Review Period

The reserves policy is reviewed annually by the Finance sub-Committee, and more often should significant changes in circumstances arise. The sub-committee makes recommendations for approval at trustees' meetings.

4.2ii Level of reserves

The trustees have established a policy whereby the unrestricted funds not committed to tangible fixed assets should be sufficient to cover any budget deficit in the coming year, plus the equivalent of the greater of (i) approximately six months' typical expenditure, or (ii) two years' core essential costs, assuming that there is reduced but not nil income.

As at 31 March 2021 the trustees have calculated that the group should aim to have approximately £557,000 retained as unrestricted income funds, and these funds stand at £586,644 at year-end (2020: £530,664). Included in these reserves are £3,000 of legacies which have not yet been received

Full details of the charity’s reserves are provided in notes 14 to 17 of the financial statements.

4.3 Investment policy

Under the Memorandum and Articles of Association the charity has the power to make any investments which the trustees see fit.

The trustees have considered the most appropriate policy for investing funds and have found that

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Report of the trustees For the year ended 31 March 2021

currently investment in short and medium term cash deposits meets their current requirements in terms of the objects of the charity. The charity has decided that its financial assets should be invested with ethical banks as far as possible. Consequently, the majority of such assets are now invested ethically. Both Cittaviveka and Amaravati Development Funds may accumulate donations for longer term projects, and providing that these projects are on the horizon within the upcoming 3-5 years trustees, having taken professional advice, have decided not to invest such sums (however large) in a mixed portfolio of equities and bonds, as such a strategy is recommended for a minimum investment period of 5 years or more. Trustees therefore decided to stick with short and medium term cash deposits, for both the Reserve Funds and the Development Funds.

4.4 Fundraising Policy

The charity does not fundraise from the public. The charity’s policy is to invite freewill donations through making supporters aware of the needs of the monasteries. The principle of generosity is well established in Buddhist practice and this can take the form of offering service and requisites as well as donations. No fundraising costs are incurred by the charity. The charity provides occasional information regarding the financial status of the organisation.

The charity would discourage people from making donations they cannot afford, should they suspect they would overreach themselves. Retreat managers are aware that some retreatants can be vulnerable at the end of a retreat and it is always made very clear there are opportunities to express their gratitude other than by making monetary donations. Complaints regarding fundraising would be taken very seriously and would be reported to the Trustees.

5. PLANS FOR 2021-22

The trustees have identified the following objectives for the year to 31 March 2022:

At Cittaviveka (Chithurst Buddhist Monastery)

Main House

Aloka

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Report of the trustees For the year ended 31 March 2021

Rocana

Out-buildings and Kutis

Hammer Pond & Dam

At Amaravati Buddhist Monastery

Items across The English Sangha Trust

6. STRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE

6.1 Constitution and Governing Document

The charity is a charitable company limited by shares and was established on 1st May 1956. It is governed by its Memorandum and Articles of Association, which were last amended, by a special resolution, on 26th November 2016.

Legal responsibility for the management and stewardship of the charity is vested in the board of trustees.

6.2 Method of appointment or election of trustees

The management of the charity is the responsibility of the trustees who are elected under the terms of the Memorandum and Articles of Association.

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Report of the trustees For the year ended 31 March 2021

6.3 Induction and training of new trustees

As part of their induction programme, all new trustees are required to read and be familiar with a number of key documents, including: the charity's Memorandum and Articles of Association, the charity's financial statements for prior years and the minutes of board meetings, sub-committee meetings and the Annual General Meeting. They are also provided with information relating to their duties as trustees (CC3). They are required to read, understand and sign a Memorandum of Understanding and Intention.

All new trustees are experienced in charity or other management and invited to take up additional external training. New regulation is presented at meetings.

6.4 Organisational structure and decision making

The charity has £12 of share capital comprising 12 shares with a value of £1. Until 26th November 2016, these were divided equally in number between sangha members and lay trustees. On that date the trustees agreed to relinquish their six shares, three of which have been assigned to sangha members, with the remaining three to be reassigned in due course. The Sangha held shares are normally divided into three groups, ‘Managing’, ‘Elder’ and ‘Other’. Only the Managing Group sangha members attend Trustee Meetings.

As set out in the Articles of Association, one-third of the trustees are subject to retirement by rotation on an annual basis. The constitution of the charity does not allow sangha members to be trustees. There are currently six trustees – the constitution allows for between 3 and 9 in number.

The board of trustees, which usually meets at least four times a year , administers the charity. The trustees have established sub-committees with delegated powers in specialist areas. These include subcommittees covering EST-wide finance, plus maintenance at Amaravati, together with an advisory group at Cittaviveka Buddhist Monastery (Chithurst), all of which report to the trustees. The EST has also an ad hoc Duty of Care Working Group consolidating Health and Safety practices and the legal responsibilities of trustees.

The day to day management and operation is carried out by the Trust Secretary, Caroline Leinster, in consultation with representatives of the monks' and nuns' communities at Amaravati and Cittaviveka.

The charity considers its key management personnel to be its trustees who are unremunerated for their services as trustees.

6.5 Relationship with other organisations

The charity is closely associated with Hartridge Buddhist Monastery Trust (HartBMT), the Devon Vihara Trust (DVT), Harnham Buddhist Monastery Trust (HBMT) and the Milntuim Hermitage Trust (MHT). These are all independent charities whose objectives are consistent with those of the English Sangha Trust.

The HartBMT and the DVT act as stewards for Hartridge Buddhist Monastery in Devon.

The HBMT acts as steward for Harnham Buddhist Monastery (Aruna Ratanagiri) in Northumberland.

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Report of the trustees For the year ended 31 March 2021

The MHT acts as steward for the Milntuim Hermitage near Crieff, Scotland .

The members of the communities which reside in properties owned by the charity also maintain close association with other Theravada Buddhist Communities in the UK, in Europe, North America, South America, New Zealand, Australia and Thailand. A full list of these is available from the website www.forestsangha.org. Association is maintained with other Buddhist Associations and communities and other monastic communities.

6.6 Risk management

The trustees have a risk management strategy which includes an annual review of the risks that the charity faces, together with follow up work to monitor progress on managing risk.

In accordance with this strategy, during the year the trustees assessed the major risks to which the charity is exposed, in particular those relating to the operations and finances of the charity and confirm that they have established systems to mitigate the significant risks.

They have concluded that maintaining the unrestricted reserves at the level stated above (see Financial Review), combined with a regular review of the operational and financial systems and controls will provide sufficient resources in the event of adverse conditions.

The main financial risks the charity manages are related to the tradition of Theravada communities being dependent on donations to meet running costs and to fund an ongoing programme of redeveloping buildings at the monasteries. The main non-financial risk relates to the potential impact of the loss of key sangha or lay managers and contractors through illness or other unexpected events.

The charity continues to take professional advice where this will be useful to the charity including, for instance, on contractual and other legal issues.

After making appropriate enquiries the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the charity has established the Financial Sustainability Network (‘FSN’), the purpose of this network is to put in place mechanisms for ensuring the financial sustainability of The English Sangha Trust Ltd during the coronavirus pandemic and until such time as it is deemed unnecessary. This includes monthly reviews of income and expenditure and forecasting that extends forward for 3 years. The remit of FSN was extended during the year to include the assessment and consideration of the financial risks inherent in large capital projects, and to review and/or re-confirm the purposes and allocation of the Post Pandemic Impact Fund.

7. STATEMENT OF TRUSTEES' RESPONSIBILITIES

The trustees, as directors of the charitable company, are responsible for preparing the trustees report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Company law requires

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of English Sangha Trust

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of English Sangha Trust for the year ended 31 March 2021 which comprise the Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Activities, the Consolidated and Company Balance Sheets, the Consolidated and Company Statements of Cash Flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion, the financial statements:

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the trustees’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the trustees with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The trustees are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Trustees’ Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of English Sangha Trust

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent charitable company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Trustees’ Report (which incorporates the directors’ report).

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

Responsibilities of trustees for the financial statements

As explained more fully in the trustees’ responsibilities statement set out on pages 11 and 12, the trustees (who are also the directors of the charitable company for the purposes of company law) are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the trustees determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the trustees are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent charitable company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the trustees either intend to liquidate the group or the parent charitable company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

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Independent auditor’s report to the members of English Sangha Trust

Based on our understanding of the group and the environment in which it operates, we identified that the principal risks of non-compliance with laws and regulations related to employment law and health and safety regulations and we considered the extent to which non-compliance might have a material effect on the financial statements. We also considered those laws and regulations that have a direct impact on the preparation of the financial statements such as the Companies Act 2006 and the Charities Act 2011 and payroll taxes.

We evaluated management’s incentives and opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial statements (including the risk of override of controls), and determined that the principal risks were related to recognition of income and management bias in certain accounting estimates. Audit procedures performed by the engagement team included:

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the charitable company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the charitable company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charitable company and the charitable company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Murtaza Jessa (Senior Statutory Auditor)

For and on behalf of Haysmacintyre LLP, Statutory Auditor 10 Queen Street Place, London. EC4R 1AG

Date: 1 November 2021

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The English Sangha Trust Ltd

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 Including Income & Expenditure Account

Income and endowments from:
Donations and legacies
Investments
Other
Total income and endowments
Expenditure on:
Charitable activities
Total expenditure
Net income
Transfers between funds
Net movement in funds
Reconciliation of funds:
Total funds brought forward
Total funds carried forward		 Unrestricted
Restricted
Total Funds
Notes
Funds
Funds
2021
2020
£
£
£
£
2
703,259
11,137,419
11,840,678
1,372,162
3
23,437
1,612
25,049
9,634
4
23,866
-
23,866
18,236
750,562
11,139,031
11,889,593
1,400,032
5
761,619
42,712
804,331
932,735
761,619
42,712
804,331
932,735
(11,057)
11,096,319
11,085,262
467,297
747,894
(747,894)
-
-
736,837
10,348,425
11,085,262
467,297
10,456,915
851,335
11,308,250
10,840,953		 Unrestricted
Restricted
Total Funds
Notes
Funds
Funds
2021
2020
£
£
£
£
2
703,259
11,137,419
11,840,678
1,372,162
3
23,437
1,612
25,049
9,634
4
23,866
-
23,866
18,236
750,562
11,139,031
11,889,593
1,400,032
5
761,619
42,712
804,331
932,735
761,619
42,712
804,331
932,735
(11,057)
11,096,319
11,085,262
467,297
747,894
(747,894)
-
-
736,837
10,348,425
11,085,262
467,297
10,456,915
851,335
11,308,250
10,840,953
703,259
11,137,419
11,840,678
1,372,162
23,437
1,612
25,049
9,634
23,866
-
23,866
18,236
750,562
11,139,031
11,889,593
1,400,032
761,619
42,712
804,331
932,735
761,619
42,712
804,331
932,735
(11,057)
11,096,319
11,085,262
467,297
747,894
(747,894)
-
-
736,837
10,348,425
11,085,262
467,297
10,456,915
851,335
11,308,250
10,840,953
11,193,752
11,199,760
22,393,512
11,308,250

The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised during the year.

All income and expenditure derives from continuing activities.

The notes on pages 22 to 36 form part of these financial statements.

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The English Sangha Trust Ltd

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 Including Income & Expenditure Account

Unrestricted Restricted Total Funds
Notes Funds Funds 2021 2020
£ £ £ £
Income and endowments from:
Donations and legacies 703,259 11,137,419 11,840,678 1,372,162
Investments 23,437 1,612 25,049 9,634
Other 35,343 - 35,343 31,230
Total income and endowments 762,039 11,139,031 11,901,070 1,413,026
Expenditure on:
Charitable activities 764,980 42,712 807,692 942,940
Total expenditure 764,980 42,712 807,692 942,940
Net income (2,941) 11,096,319 11,093,378 470,085
Transfers between funds 747,894 (747,894) - -
Net movement in funds 744,953 10,348,425 11,093,378 470,085
Reconciliation of funds:
Total funds brought forward 10,486,721 851,336 11,338,057 10,867,971
Total funds carried forward 11,231,674 11,199,761 22,431,435 11,338,056

The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised during the year.

All income and expenditure derives from continuing activities.

The notes on pages 22 to 36 form part of these financial statements.

17

Notes 2O2l 2020
c f
Fixed assets
Tangiblefixedassets 11 1o,730,724 9,826,295
Currentassets
Debtors t2 102,319 729,377
Cashat bank and inhand lL,832,637 7,525,820
Totalcurrentassets 11,934,956
Creditors: amountsfallingduewithinoneyear 13 (272,L68l, (173,232)
Netcurrentassets LL,662,788 7,1t87,965
Totalassetslesscurrent liabilities 22,393,5L2 77,308,250
Netassets 22,393,5L2
Charityfunds:
Restrictedfunds L4 11,199,761 857,336
Unrestricted funds
Designatedfunds L4 L0,607,096 9,926,239
Generalfunds L4 586,644 530,6&
Sharecapital 15 12 72
Totalunrestricted funds LL,L93,752 70,456,975
Total charityfunds 22,393,5L2 11,308,250

Notes 202L 2020
f e
Fixed assets
Tangiblefixedassets 11 10,768,653 9,856,096
Currentassets
Debtors t2 59,284 65,227
Cashat bank and inhand LL,823,758 7,498,534
Totalcurrentassgts 77,883,42 7,563,755
Creditorsl amountsfalling
duewithinone year 13 .220,260l, (81,795)
Netcurrentassets LL,662,782 7,487,960
Netassets 22,43L,435 17,339,056
Charityfunds:
Restricted funds L4 1L,L99,761 857,336
Unrestricted funds
Designatedfunds 14 lo,ils,o2L 9,956,U7
Generalfunds L4 586,642 530,662
Sharecapital 15 t2 12
Totalunrestricted funds L7,,237,,675 70,1t86,727
Total charityfunds 22,43L,435 __!!,338,057

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021

Notes
Cash flow from operating activities
18
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of tangible fixed assets
Net cash flows from investing activities
Change in cash and cash equivalents in the year
Cash and cash equivalents at 1st April 2020
Cash and cash equivalents at 31st March 2021
Cash and cash equivalents consist of:
Cash at bank and in hand
Cash and cash equivalents at 31st March 2021		 2021
2020
£
£
11,443,306
812,776
(1,136,489)
(1,684,942)
(1,136,489)
(1,684,942)
10,306,817
(872,166)
1,525,820
2,397,986
11,832,637
1,525,820
11,832,637
1,525,820
11,832,637
1,525,820
Total Funds		 2021
2020
£
£
11,443,306
812,776
(1,136,489)
(1,684,942)
(1,136,489)
(1,684,942)
10,306,817
(872,166)
1,525,820
2,397,986
11,832,637
1,525,820
11,832,637
1,525,820
11,832,637
1,525,820
Total Funds
812,776
(1,684,942)
(1,684,942)
(872,166)
2,397,986
1,525,820
1,525,820
1,525,820

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET DEBT

The group has no debt and cash movements can be seen in the Statement of Cash Flows.

20

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021

Notes
Cash flows from operating activities
18
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of tangible fixed assets
Net cash flows from investing activities
Change in cash and cash equivalents in the year
Cash and cash equivalents at 1st April 2020
Cash and cash equivalents at 31st March 2021
Cash and cash equivalents consist of:
Cash at bank and in hand
Cash and cash equivalents at 31st March 2021		 2021
2020
£
£
11,471,192
791,820
(1,145,968)
(1,690,920)
(1,145,968)
(1,690,920)
10,325,224
(899,100)
1,498,534
2,397,634
11,823,758
1,498,534
11,823,758
1,498,534
11,823,758
1,498,534
Total Funds		 2021
2020
£
£
11,471,192
791,820
(1,145,968)
(1,690,920)
(1,145,968)
(1,690,920)
10,325,224
(899,100)
1,498,534
2,397,634
11,823,758
1,498,534
11,823,758
1,498,534
11,823,758
1,498,534
Total Funds
791,820
(1,690,920)
(1,690,920)
(899,100)
2,397,634
1,498,534
1,498,534
1,498,534

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET DEBT

The company has no debt and cash movements can be seen in the Statement of Cash Flows.

21

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1.1 Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice for charities (SORP 2015) (Second Edition, effective 1 January 2019) and the Companies Act 2006.

Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy notes.

The English Sangha Trust Limited meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102 . Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy.

The Statement of Financial Activities (SOFA) and Balance Sheet consolidate the financial statements of the company and its wholly owned subsidiary undertaking - Amaravati Developments Limited. The results of the subsidiary are consolidated on a line by line basis.

1.2 Tangible fixed assets and depreciation

All assets costing more than £2,000 are capitalised.

Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, less accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes costs directly attributable to making the asset work as intended. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of fixed assets, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives on the following bases:

Freehold buildings: 1 - 2% straight line Site Improvements: 10% straight line Fixtures and fittings: 20% straight line Plant & equipment: 20% straight line Motor vehicles: 20% straight line

1.3 Foreign currencies

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate ruling on the date of the transaction. Exchange gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Financial Activities.

22

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

1.4 Company status

The company is a company limited by shares. The members of the company include the trustees named on page 1.

1.5 Fund accounting

General funds are unrestricted funds which are available for use at the discretion of the trustees in furtherance of the general objectives of the charity and which have not been designated for other purposes.

Designated funds comprise unrestricted funds that have been set aside by the trustees for particular purposes. The aim and use of each designated fund is set out in the notes to the financial statements.

Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by donors or which have been raised by the company for particular purposes. The cost of raising and administering such funds are charged against the specific fund. The aim and use of each restricted fund is set out in the notes to the financial statements.

Investment income, gains and losses are allocated to the appropriate fund.

1.6 Income recognition

Income is included in the Statement of Financial Activities when the charity has legal entitlement to the income after any performance conditions have been met, the amount can be measured reliably and it is probable that the income will be received. The charity has no viable means of measuring the value of nonmonetary donations.

Donations are recognised when the charity has been notified in writing of both the amount and settlement date. In the event that a donation is subject to conditions that require a level of performance before the charity is entitled to the funds, the income is deferred and not recognised until those conditions are fully met, or the fulfilment of those conditions is wholly within the control of the charity and it is probable that those conditions will be fulfilled in the reporting period .

For legacies, entitlement is the earlier of the charity being notified of an impending distribution or the legacy being received. Receipt of a legacy, in whole or in part, is only considered probable when the amount can be measured reliably and the charity has been notified of the executor's intention to make a distribution. Where legacies have been notified to the charity, and the criteria for income recognition have not been met, then the legacy is treated as a contingent asset and disclosed if material (see note 2).

Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid is recognised at the time of the donation.

Investment income is recognised on a receivable basis.

No amount is included in the financial statements for volunteer time in line with SORP (FRS 102). Further details regarding volunteers are given in the Trutees Annual Report.

23

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

1.7 Expenditure recognition

Expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis and has been classified under expense headings that aggregate all costs related to the category. Charitable expenditure comprises all expenditure deemed to directly relate to the objectives of the charity.

Expenditure is recognised where there is a legal or constructive obligation to make payments to third parties, it is probable that the settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably.

Governance costs include audit costs, legal advice for the trustees and any other costs incurred in connection with compliance with constitutional and statutory requirements.

Support costs - the amounts disclosed under each of the above categories comprise those costs which are directly attributable to that category together with an apportionment of support costs where appropriate.

1.8 Pensions

The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme and the pension charge represents the amounts payable by the company to the fund in respect of the year.

1.9 VAT

The charity is not registered for VAT. In common with many other registered charities, The English Sangha Trust Limited's expenditure is inflated by VAT, which cannot be recovered. Irrecoverable VAT is charged against the expenditure heading for which it was incurred. The charity's subsidiary - Amaravati Developments Limited - is registered for VAT and its expenditure is recorded net of VAT reclaimed.

1.10 Debtors

Other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount due after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any trade discounts due.

1.11 Creditors and provisions

Creditors and provisions are recognised where the charity has a present obligation resulting from a past event that will probably result in the transfer of funds to a third party and the amount due to settle the obligation can be measured or estimated reliably. Creditors and provisions are normally recognised at their settlement amount after allowing for any trade discounts due.

24

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

1.12 Investments

Investments are recognised initially at fair value which is normally the transaction price excluding transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with changes recognised in 'net gains / (losses) on investments' in the SOFA if the shares are publicly traded or their fair value can otherwise be measured reliably. Other investments are measured at cost less impairment.

Current asset investments are short term highly liquid investments and are held at fair value. These include cash on deposit and cash equivalents with a maturity of less than one year.

1.13 Bank and cash

Cash at bank and in hand includes bank accounts , cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of twelve months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.

1.14 Estimation uncertainty

In the view of the trustees in applying the accounting policies adopted, no judgements were required that have a significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements nor do any estimates or assumptions made carry a significant risk of material adjustment in the next financial year .

1.15 Financial instruments

The charity only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value.

1.16 Preparation of the accounts on a going concern basis

Amaravati and Cittaviveka monasteries were closed to all visitors from 24 March 2020 in accordance with UK guidelines concerning places of worship put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic. When COVID-19 regulations allowed, visitors were received on a restricted basis although the monasteries remained largely closed to visitors. The offering of teachings is made increasingly using internet based technologies, such as live-streaming. The charity has taken action to ensure the financial sustainability of the charity and having considered future budgets and cash flows, the trustees confirm that they have no material uncertainties about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern for the foreseeable future.

25

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

2 . INCOME FROM DONATIONS AND LEGACIES

GROUP
Gifts
Legacies		 Unrestricted
Restricted
Total
Funds
Funds
Funds
2021
2021
2021
£
£
£
588,388
11,137,419
11,725,807
114,871
-
114,871
703,259
11,137,419
11,840,678		 Unrestricted
Restricted
Total
Funds
Funds
Funds
2020
2020
2020
£
£
£
753,206
573,682
1,326,888
45,274
-
45,274
798,480
573,682
1,372,162

The charity has not been informed of any legacies which have not been recognised in these financial statements which meet the recognition criteria for inclusion (2020: £nil).

3 . INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS

GROUP
Interest receivable		 Unrestricted
Restricted
Total
Funds
Funds
Funds
2021
2021
2021
£
£
£
23,437
1,612
25,049
23,437
1,612
25,049		 Unrestricted
Restricted
Total
Funds
Funds
Funds
2020
2020
2020
£
£
£
3,487
6,147
9,634
3,487
6,147
9,634

All of the company and group's investment income arises from money held in interest bearing deposit accounts.

4 . OTHER INCOME

GROUP
Other income		 Unrestricted
Restricted
Total
Funds
Funds
Funds
2021
2021
2021
£
£
£
23,866
-
23,866
23,866
-
23,866		 Unrestricted
Restricted
Total
Funds
Funds
Funds
2020
2020
2020
£
£
£
18,236
-
18,236
18,236
-
18,236

Other income includes grants for management of woodland, feed in tariff and royalties from overseas book sales.

26

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

5 . ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURE ON CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES

Activities undertaken directly

Activities undertaken directly
GROUP
Staff costs
Welfare & food
Maintenance
Depreciation & (surplus)/loss on disposal
Heat, light, water and Council Tax
Insurance
Travel
Publications
Printing & postage
Legal and professional fees
Communications
Donations
Bank Charges
Sundry capital equipment (items less than £2,000)
Other administration costs
Governance costs		 2021
£
72,091
97,360
163,627
232,051
120,713
39,268
14,947
20,155
5,515
2,345
19,759
30
936
5,877
1,107
8,550
804,331		 2020
£
63,422
97,352
226,138
247,714
117,315
36,660
56,189
26,522
6,455
8,532
14,740
2,030
1,233
18,046
2,198
8,189
932,735

During the year, of the total expenditure on charitable activities, £761,619 (2020: £860,579) was to unrestricted funds and £42,712 (2020: £72,156) was to restricted funds.

All costs relate to charitable expenditure and all charitable expenditure relates to community and welfare activities. The charity does not incur any identifiable costs of raising funds.

6 . GOVERNANCE COSTS

GROUP
Audit and accountancy fees
Trustee travel expenses
7 . AUDITOR'S REMUNERATION
GROUP
Other fees: taxation advice
Fees payable to the charity's auditor and its associates for the audit of
the charity's annual accounts		 2021
£
8,550
-
8,550
2021
£
11,650
-
11,650		 2020
£
7,780
409
8,189
2020
£
10,480
300
10,780

£3,100 of audit fees were capitalised in the year, being directly attributable to the new building programme at Amaravati Buddhiat Monastery (2020: £3,000).

27

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

8 . NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR

Net income for the year is stated after charging:

Net income for the year is stated after charging:
Depreciation on tangible fixed assets owned by the group 2021
£
230,913
230,913		 2020
£
212,272
212,272

9 . TRUSTEES' AND KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL REMUNERATION AND EXPENSES

The trustees neither received nor waived any remuneration in the year (2020: £nil).

No trustees received reimbursement of travel expenses during the year (2020: 1 trustee received £409).

The charity considers its key management personnel to be its trustees who are unremunerated for their services as trustees.

10 . STAFF COSTS AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

The average monthly number of employees and full time equivalent (FTE) during the year was as follows:

Administrative and project management 2021
2021
2020
2020
Number
FTE
Number
FTE
4
3
3
2
4
3
3
2

The total staff costs and employees benefits was as follows:

GROUP
Salaries and wages
Social security costs
Other pension costs		 2021
£
88,297
4,186
14,471
106,954		 2020
£
64,034
2,227
4,564
70,825

£34,863 of staff costs were capitalised in the year, being costs directly attributable to the new building programme at Amaravati Buddhist Monastery (2020: £7,403).

No employee received emoluments (excluding pension costs) of more than £60,000 (2020: none).

The charity operates a contributory pension scheme. It is a defined contribution scheme and contributions are charged in the statement of financial activities as they accrue. The charge for the year was £14,471 (2020: £4,564).

The charity benefits from the support of many volunteers. Further information is provided in the Report of the Tustees, section 2, 'Volunteers'.

28

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

11 . TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS
GROUP
Cost
1 April 2020
Additions
Disposals
31 March 2021
Accumulated depreciation
1 April 2020
Charge for the year
Eliminated on disposal
31 March 2021
Net book value
31 March 2021
31 March 2020
COMPANY
Cost
1 April 2020
Additions
Disposals
31 March 2021
Accumulated depreciation
1 April 2020
Charge for the year
Eliminated on disposal
31 March 2021
Net book value
31 March 2021
31 March 2020		 Freehold
Land &
Plant &
Motor
Buildings
Equipment
Vehicles
£
£
£
£
Site Improve-
ments,
Fixtures &
Fittings		 Total
£
10,628,420
529,833
363,743
57,119
1,055,104
5,633
67,052
8,700
-
-
(12,612)
(4,000)
11,683,524
535,466
418,183
61,819
1,204,712
205,451
292,449
50,218
133,289
53,006
40,578
4,040
-
-
(11,475)
(4,000)
1,338,001
258,457
321,552
50,258
10,345,523
277,009
96,631
11,561
9,423,708
324,382
71,294
6,901
Freehold
Land &
Plant &
Motor
Buildings
Equipment
Vehicles
£
£
£
£
Site Improve-
ments,
Fixtures &
Fittings		 11,579,115
1,136,489
(16,612)
12,698,992
1,752,830
230,913
(15,475)
1,968,268
10,730,724
9,826,285
Total
£
10,657,005
534,738
361,142
57,119
1,064,583
5,633
67,052
8,700
-
-
(12,612)
(4,000)
11,721,588
540,371
415,582
61,819
1,205,450
208,391
289,849
50,218
133,670
53,986
40,578
4,040
-
-
(11,475)
(4,000)
1,339,120
262,377
318,952
50,258
10,382,468
277,994
96,630
11,561
9,451,555
326,347
71,293
6,901		 11,610,004
1,145,968
(16,612)
12,739,360
1,753,908
232,274
(15,475)
1,970,707
10,768,653
9,856,096

29

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

12 . DEBTORS
Other Debtors
Prepayments and accrued income
Gift Aid recoverable		 2021
2020
£
£
42,999
38,900
45,458
66,986
13,862
23,491
102,319
129,377
GROUP		 2021
2020
£
£
COMPANY
2,634
2,090
42,788
43,685
13,862
19,446
59,284
65,221
13 . CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
2021
2020
£
£
Amounts owed to group undertakings
-
-
Other taxes and social security
6,942
6,840
Other creditors
174,550
66,884
Accruals and deferred income
90,676
99,508
272,168
173,232
GROUP		 2021
2020
£
£
COMPANY
164,527
17,027
6,942
6,840
13,720
11,778
35,071
46,150
220,260
81,795

30

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

14 . FUNDS MOVEMENT

UNRESTRICTED FUNDS
GROUP
Designated funds:
Unrestricted fixed assets
Designated funds
Other unrestricted funds:
General funds
Share capital
UNRESTRICTED FUNDS
COMPANY
Designated funds:
Unrestricted fixed assets
Designated funds
Other unrestricted funds:
General funds
Share capital		 Balance
Balance
01-Apr-20
Income
Expenditure
Transfers
31-Mar-21
£
£
£
£
£
9,450,088
-
(237,729)
803,726
10,016,085
476,152
16,436
(10,703)
109,127
591,012
9,926,239
16,436
(248,432)
912,853
10,607,096
530,664
734,126
(513,187)
(164,959)
586,644
12
-
-
-
12
530,676
734,126
(513,187)
(164,959)
586,656
10,456,915
750,562
(761,619)
747,894
11,193,752
Balance
Balance
01-Apr-20
Income
Expenditure
Transfers
31-Mar-21
£
£
£
£
£
9,479,896
-
(229,612)
803,726
10,054,010
476,152
16,436
(10,703)
109,127
591,012
9,956,047
16,436
(240,315)
912,853
10,645,021
530,662
745,604
(524,665)
(164,959)
586,642
12
-
-
-
12
530,674
745,604
(524,665)
(164,959)
586,654
10,486,721
762,040
(764,980)
747,894
11,231,675
RESTRICTED FUNDS
GROUP AND COMPANY
Publications
Long Term Welfare
Nuns' Community Fund
Amaravati Long Term Plan
Cittaviveka Building Fund
EST Conservation Fund
Heartwood Conservation Fund
Fixed assets: other buildings and fittings		 Balance
Balance
01-Apr-20
Income
Expenditure
Transfers
31-Mar-21
£
£
£
£
£
42,356
10,619
(11,410)
-
41,565
119,515
357
-
(119,872)
-
19,606
55
(6,644)
-
13,017
16,295
10,627,265
-
(479,074)
10,164,486
3,526
111
(20,013)
20,767
4,391
58,611
500,131
-
(493,479)
65,263
215,226
493
(845)
(18,478)
196,396
376,200
-
(3,800)
342,242
714,642
851,336
11,139,031
(42,712)
(747,894)
11,199,761

31

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

14 . FUNDS MOVEMENT (continued)

Previous year
UNRESTRICTED FUNDS
GROUP
Designated funds:
Unrestricted fixed assets
Designated funds
Other unrestricted funds:
General funds
Share capital
Previous year
UNRESTRICTED FUNDS
COMPANY
Designated funds:
Unrestricted fixed assets
Designated funds
Other unrestricted funds:
General funds
Share capital
Previous year
RESTRICTED FUNDS
GROUP
Publications
Long Term Welfare
Nuns' Community Fund
Amaravati Long Term Plan
Cittaviveka Building Fund
EST Conservation Fund
Heartwood Conservation Fund
Fixed assets: Temple and Dhamma Hall
Fixed assets: other buildings and fittings
Previous year
RESTRICTED FUNDS
COMPANY
Publications
Long Term Welfare
Nuns' Community Fund
Amaravati Long Term Plan
Cittaviveka Building Fund
EST Conservation Fund
Heartwood Conservation Fund
Fixed assets: Temple and Dhamma Hall
Fixed assets: Other Buildings and Fittings		 Balance
Balance
01-Apr-19
Income
Expenditure
Transfers
31-Mar-20
£
£
£
£
£
5,341,327
-
(173,374)
4,282,134
9,450,088
1,119,210
-
(40,222)
(602,837)
476,152
6,460,537
-
(213,595)
3,679,297
9,926,239
491,725
820,203
(646,984)
(134,280)
530,664
12
-
-
-
12
491,737
820,203
(646,984)
(134,280)
530,676
6,952,274
820,203
(860,579)
3,545,017
10,456,915
Balance
Balance
01-Apr-19
Income
Expenditure
Transfers
31-Mar-20
£
£
£
£
£
5,347,584
-
(168,663)
4,300,974
9,479,896
1,119,210
-
(40,222)
(602,837)
476,152
6,466,794
-
(208,884)
3,698,137
9,956,047
493,646
833,196
(661,900)
(134,280)
530,662
12
-
-
-
12
493,658
833,196
(661,900)
(134,280)
530,674
6,960,452
833,196
(870,784)
3,563,857
10,486,721
Balance
Balance
01-Apr-19
Income
Expenditure
Transfers
31-Mar-20
£
£
£
£
£
24,952
38,227
(20,822)
-
42,356
118,729
786
-
-
119,515
20,410
130
(934)
-
19,606
373,004
19,038
(2,440)
(373,307)
16,295
2,921
19,032
-
(18,427)
3,526
78,980
501,163
-
(521,532)
58,611
221,953
1,453
(3,084)
(5,096)
215,226
1,758,814
-
(22,240)
(1,736,574)
-
1,288,916
-
(22,635)
(890,081)
376,200
3,888,679
579,829
(72,156)
(3,545,017)
851,335
Balance
Balance
01-Apr-19
Income
Expenditure
Transfers
31-Mar-20
£
£
£
£
£
24,952
38,227
(20,823)
-
42,356
118,729
786
-
-
119,515
20,410
130
(934)
-
19,606
373,004
19,038
(2,440)
(373,307)
16,295
2,921
19,032
-
(18,427)
3,526
78,980
501,163
-
(521,532)
58,611
221,953
1,453
(3,084)
(5,096)
215,226
1,758,814
-
(22,240)
(1,736,574)
-
1,307,756
-
(22,635)
(908,921)
376,200
3,907,519
579,829
(72,156)
(3,563,857)
851,335

32

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

14 . FUNDS MOVEMENT (continued)

UNRESTRICTED FUNDS DESCRIPTIONS

Unrestricted Fixed Assets:

Tangible fixed assets held are to be used for charitable activities and there are no plans to dispose of the assets. Funds relating to tangible fixed assets are therefore held as designated funds , with the exception of those fixed assets held as restricted funds. Appropriate depreciation is charged against these designated funds.

There were additions of £803,726 during the year relating primarily to the Amaravati Long Term Plan redevelopment.

Designated Funds:

Cittaviveka Development Fund

£15,016 was utilised in the year on fitting out 'The Vihara' and on consultancy in relation to the Hammer Pond Dam at Cittaviveka Buddhist Monastery. £75,000 was designated for the Hammer Pond Dam repairs during the year, leaving a balance of £85,263 at year-end.

Amaravati Development Fund

£12,274 was utilised in the year, mainly for the design and planning of a new Stupa at Amaravati Buddhist Monastery.

Amaravati Monks' Welfare

A designated fund for the medical and other welfare needs of Luang Por Sumedho who is currently resident at Amaravati has been created. £17,316 was credited to this fund during the year and £2,773 was spent, leaving a balance of £14,543.

Post Pandemic Impact Fund

A further £92,000 was designated as a Post Pandemic Impact Fund during the year so that the fund closed the year with £474,165. The purpose of this fund is to meet possible deficits resulting from the adverse effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the charity.

RESTRICTED FUNDS DESCRIPTIONS

Publications

Donations which are received to finance the cost of free publications are added to the Publications Fund. Providing publications for free distribution constitute one of the charitable activities. The fund closes the year with £41,565.

Nuns Community Fund

During 2014/15 a donation was made for the support of the nuns' community. £6,644 (2020: £934) was utilised in the current year towards the welfare of the nuns and £13,017 remains.

Amaravati Long Term Plan (ALTP)

Donations of £10,627,265 were received during the year for the Amaravati Long Term Plan. £479,074 was spent during the year on rebuilding of buildings in the Nuns' area. £10,164,486 remains in the fund, for the completion of the Nuns' accommodation buildings and the Sala, kitchen and workyard, which is planned to commence in 2022/23.

Cittaviveka Building Fund

£20,013 was utilised in the year on building projects at Cittaviveka Buddhist Monastery. £4,391 remains in the fund.

33

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

14 . FUND RECONCILIATION (continued)

EST Conservation Fund

A donation of £500,000 including Gift Aid has been received in the year. In the current year £493,479 (2020: £521,532) has been utilised: £414,479 (2020: £168,315) for projects related to ALTP and £79,000 (2020: £353,217) for the fire alarm system, buffer tanks for the heating system and for consultancy in relation to the Hammer Pond Dam at Cittaviveka Buddhist Monastery. A balance of £65,263 remains in the fund.

Heartwood Conservation Fund

£14,513 has been spent during the current year mainly for improvements to the basement of Heartwood House to make it suitable for storage. A balance of £196,396 remains in the fund.

Fixed Assets - Temple and Dhamma Hall

The Temple and Dhamma Hall funds represent the net book value of these two buildings . Appropriate depreciation is charged against the restricted fund.

Fixed Assets - Other Buildings and Fittings

The fund represents the net book value of fixed assets financed from restricted donations. During the year £342,242 of fixed assets were created using the Amaravati Long Term Plan Fund towards the construction of the Nuns' Nursing Kuti, a purpose-built nursing facility in the nuns' area. Appropriate depreciation is charged against the restricted fund.

15 . SHARE CAPITAL

12 ordinary shares of £1 each
SUMMARY OF FUNDS
Brought
Forward
Income
GROUP
£
£
Designated funds
9,926,239 16,436
Unrestricted income funds
530,676 734,126
10,456,915 750,562
Restrictedfunds
851,33611,139,031
Group Funds at 31 March 2021
11,308,250 11,889,593
Brought
Forward
Income
COMPANY
£
£
Designated funds
9,956,04716,436
Unrestricted income funds
530,674745,604
10,486,721 762,040
Restrictedfunds
851,33611,139,031
Company Funds at 31 March 2021
11,338,057 11,901,071
Authorised, allotted, called up and fully paid		 12 ordinary shares of £1 each
SUMMARY OF FUNDS
Brought
Forward
Income
GROUP
£
£
Designated funds
9,926,239 16,436
Unrestricted income funds
530,676 734,126
10,456,915 750,562
Restrictedfunds
851,33611,139,031
Group Funds at 31 March 2021
11,308,250 11,889,593
Brought
Forward
Income
COMPANY
£
£
Designated funds
9,956,04716,436
Unrestricted income funds
530,674745,604
10,486,721 762,040
Restrictedfunds
851,33611,139,031
Company Funds at 31 March 2021
11,338,057 11,901,071
Authorised, allotted, called up and fully paid		 2021
£
12
Transfers
Expenditure
in/(out)
£
£		 2020
£
12
Carried
Forward
£
9,926,239 16,436
530,676 734,126		 (248,432) 912,853
(513,187)
(164,959)		 10,607,096
586,656
10,456,915 750,562
851,33611,139,031		 (761,619)
747,894
(42,712) (747,894)		 11,193,752
11,199,761
11,308,250 11,889,593 (804,331)
-		 22,393,512
Brought
Forward
Income
£
£		 Transfers
Expenditure
in/(out)
£
£		 Carried
Forward
£
9,956,04716,436
530,674745,604		 (240,315)
912,853
(524,665)
(164,959)		 10,645,021
586,654
10,486,721 762,040
851,33611,139,031		 (764,980)
747,894
(42,712) (747,894)		 11,231,675
11,199,761
11,338,057 11,901,071 (807,692)
-		 22,431,436

16 . SUMMARY OF FUNDS

34

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

17 . ANALYSIS OF NET ASSETS BETWEEN FUNDS

GROUP
Fund balances at 31 March 2021 are represented by:-
Tangible fixed assets
Current assets
Creditors due within one year
COMPANY
Fund balances at 31 March 2021 are represented by:-
Tangible fixed assets
Current assets
Creditors due within one year
GROUP
Fund balances at 31 March 2020 are represented by:-
Tangible fixed assets
Current assets
Creditors due within one year
COMPANY
Fund balances at 31 March 2020 are represented by:-
Tangible fixed assets
Current assets
Creditors due within one year		 Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
Total
£
£
£
10,016,085
714,642
10,730,727
1,449,835
10,485,118
11,934,953
(272,168)
-
(272,168)
11,193,752
11,199,760
22,393,512
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
Total
£
£
£
10,054,010
714,642
10,768,651
1,397,926
10,485,118
11,883,044
(220,260)
-
(220,260)
11,231,676
11,199,760
22,431,435
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
Total
£
£
£
9,450,085
376,200
9,826,285
1,177,213
477,984
1,655,197
(170,383)
(2,849)
(173,232)
10,456,915
851,335
11,308,250
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
Total
£
£
£
9,479,896
376,200
9,856,096
1,085,771
477,984
1,563,755
(78,946)
(2,849)
(81,795)
10,486,721
851,335
11,338,056

18 . RECONCILATION OF NET INCOME/ (EXPENDITURE) TO NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Net income for the year
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets
Loss on disposal of tangible fixed assets
Decrease in debtors
Increase in creditors
Net cash flow from operating activities		 2021
2020
2021
2020
£
£
£
£
COMPANY
GROUP
11,085,262
467,297
11,093,378
470,085
230,913
212,272
232,274
213,537
1,138
35,442
1,138
35,442
27,058
7,656
5,937
50,977
98,935
90,108
138,466
21,779
11,443,306
812,775
11,471,192
791,821

35

The English Sangha Trust Ltd

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2021 (Continued)

19 . CAPITAL COMMITMENTS

At 31 March 2021 the group and company had the following capital commitments.

Contracted for but not provided in these
financial statements		 2021
2020
£
£
1,922,215
37,175
GROUP		 2021
2020
£
£
COMPANY
-
-

20 . PENSION COMMITMENTS

The charity operates a defined contribution pension scheme. It has no obligations other than the contributions due in the year (2020: £nil).

21 . SUBSIDIARY

Percentage
Company name Country shareholding Description
Amaravati Developments Limited England 100% Redevelopment of Amaravati
Buddhist Monastery site

Registered Office

Amaravati Buddhist Monastery, Great Gaddesden, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP1 3BZ.

Financial information
Capital and reserves as at 31 March 2021
Profit / (Loss) for the financial year before Gift Aid		 Total
Total
2021
2020
£
£
-
-
9,478
5,976

22 . RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

There are no related party transactions during the year (2020: nil) except for discretionary payments made to the Trust Secretary totalling £5,059 (2020 - £4,961) who also received fees received from Amaravati Developments Limited, the charity's subsidiary company, totalling £9,167 (2020: £7,500). £833 was owing at the year-end (2020: £nil).

36