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2022-12-31-accounts

Company number: 615025 Charity number: 209425

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Report and financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2022

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Contents

For the year ended 31 December 2022 Reference and administrative information ....................................................................................... 1 Trustees’ annual report ................................................................................................................... 2 Independent auditor's report ......................................................................................................... 18 Statement of Financial Activities (incorporating an income and expenditure account) ................... 22 Balance Sheet ................................................................................................................................ 23 Statement of Cash Flows ............................................................................................................... 24 Notes to the financial statements .................................................................................................. 25

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Reference and administrative information

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Company number 615025 – Registered in the United Kingdom Charity number 209425 – Registered in England and Wales Registered office & Charles Clore House, 17 Russell Square operational address London, WC1B 5JP Trustees Trustees, who are also directors under company law, who served during the year and up to the date of this report, were as follows:

Chiann Bao Guy Beringer Professor Thom Brooks Shehzad Charania Dean Curtis Shaheed Fatima QC Naomi Hart Alex Just Sorcha MacLeod Professor Iain MacNeil Habib Motani Constantine Partasides Elizabeth Perks Chair of the Finance & Audit Committee Keith Ruddock (to 31/12/2022) Chair of the Board of Trustees Eve Salomon (from 1/7/2023) Professor Dan Sarooshi QC Rupert Skilbeck Professor Elies van Sliedregt Diana Wallis (to 31/12/2022) Key Management Professor Spyros Maniatis Institute Director Personnel Murray Hunt Director of the Bingham Centre Peter Bond Chief Operating Officer (to 31/12/2022) Stephen Oates Director of Finance (to 31/12/2022) Deepa Craig Director of Finance and Operations (from 1/4/2023) Bankers CAF Bank Limited HSBC plc 25 Kings Hill Avenue, Kings Hill 39 Tottenham Court Road West Malling, Kent, ME19 4JQ London, W1T 2AR Auditor Sayer Vincent LLP Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor Invicta House, 108-114 Golden Lane, London, EC1Y 0TL

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

The Trustees are pleased to present their report and the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022.

The reference and administrative information set out on page 1 forms part of this report. The financial statements comply with current statutory and company law requirements, the memorandum and articles of association and the Statement of Recommended Practice - Accounting and Reporting by Charities: SORP applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with FRS 102.

Objectives and activities

Purposes and aims

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL, the Institute) is an independent charitable research body. Our key purposes are to develop and advance the understanding of international and comparative law in the UK and around the world, and to promote the rule of law in national and international affairs. Through our work, we seek to improve decision-making on law and policy issues, and so have a positive impact on people’s daily lives.

Our organisational vision is for BIICL to be an independent leader in applied legal research and ideas: informing debate, policy and practice; upholding and maintaining humane and democratic values; promoting evidence-based decision-making; and contributing to the upholding of the international legal order and the rule of law in the UK and worldwide.

We aim to make a unique contribution as an independent and authoritative voice on international and comparative legal issues by:

BIICL has no recurrent core funding. We receive funding for our research and other activities from a wide variety of bodies, including research councils, law firms, national governments, international and regional organisations, private trusts and foundations, and non-governmental organisations, as well as BIICL members, training delegates and event attendees. In many instances, our research projects have more than one funder.

BIICL’s Strategic Plan 2019-2023 is organised under four main themes:

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

The Strategic Plan highlights the context, key risks, opportunities and challenges for each of these themes and identifies objectives and targets to be achieved over the five year period.

The Trustees review progress against the Strategic Plan on a regular basis to ensure our activities are consistent with our aims and support our public benefit mission. This report considers what BIICL has achieved during 2022 and the outcomes, impacts and benefits of our work.

Principal Activities

Membership

BIICL membership is open to all people, both in the UK and around the world. Our members come from: legal practice (including solicitors and barristers); academia (staff and students); the judiciary; corporations and other commercial bodies; government and non-governmental organisations; and members of the wider public who are interested in the many aspects of international and comparative law.

Members benefit from access to BIICL’s research outcomes, as well as opportunities to contribute to specialist discussion groups and to network with the diverse range of people and organisations with whom we interact. The diversity of BIICL's membership, as well as the many non-members who attend our events, and our ability to engage across a broad range of international and comparative legal issues, ensures that BIICL remains a relevant and essential institution. We also convene Fora of experts in four areas (Human Rights Due Diligence, Competition Law, Investment Treaty Law and Product Liability).

Research

BIICL’s research is co-ordinated via three Centres: International Law; Comparative Law; and the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law. The Bingham Centre also acts as the host for the UK’s Modern Slavery & Human Rights Policy and Evidence Centre which is supported by funding from UKRI. Our focus is primarily on practical and applied research, based on strong conceptual foundations, which offers examples of good practice, recommendations for future improvements and seeks to have an impact on law and policy. The research often crosses traditional boundaries of law, integrating private and public international law, for example, and engaging with national, regional and comparative law. Our research is always independent, irrespective of its funding source.

Events and Training

BIICL organises an extensive public events programme covering a broad spectrum of current legal topics within the areas of our expertise. These events typically include full day conferences, shorter seminars and lectures.

We offer a range of training activities to the public to provide information, practical assistance and capacity building to governments, institutions, firms, corporations, groups, individuals and others. During 2022, we have offered short courses on a range of topics including Law of the Sea, Public International Law, Business & Human Rights, Climate Change Law, and Cultural Heritage.

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Publications

BIICL’s main publication is the International and Comparative Law Quarterly, which is produced by Cambridge University Press and is recognised as one of the leading journals in its field. BIICL also occasionally publishes books, mainly of our own research, as well as some by other experts in our fields of work. Most of our research projects also produce final reports, many of which are publicly available to download for free from our website (www.biicl.org).

Volunteers

BIICL offers flexible, part-time and short-term opportunities for people to volunteer for the charity (typically postgraduate law students) and to assist in our research and related activities. We aim to offer interesting and developmental opportunities that include training and skills development.

Public Benefit

The Trustees confirm that they have paid due regard to the public benefit guidance published by the Charity Commission in deciding on BIICL’s activities. In particular, the Trustees consider how planned activities will contribute to our aims and objectives.

BIICL considers that its activities are of public benefit in at least the following ways:

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Some specific examples of the provision of public benefit through the activities carried out by BIICL in 2022 are provided below.

Achievements and performance

BIICL’s main activities and beneficiaries during the year are described below. All of our charitable activities focus on international and comparative law, and the rule of law, and are undertaken to further BIICL’s charitable purposes for the public benefit. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continued to be felt during 2022, with many of our events and training courses largely delivered via online platforms. The BIICL team continued to demonstrate innovation, resilience and energy, and the trustees thank them for all that they have achieved in challenging circumstances.

Membership

BIICL membership (comprising both individuals and organisations) was 375 at the end of 2022 (2021: 440). Membership income was £43,635 (2021: £43,713).

During 2022, we continued to support four Forums in the areas of: Human Rights Due Diligence; Competition Law; Investment Treaty Law; and Product Liability. All of our Forums make an important contribution to the work of BIICL, provide opportunities to explore current issues and prompt further research. Total Forum membership in 2022 was 124, comprising 89 organisations and 35 individuals (2021: 100, comprising 64 organisations and 36 individuals). Forum membership income was £256,234 in 2022 (2021: £238,470).

Research

BIICL continued to develop its active and responsive programme of practical and applied research during 2022. We received funding from several external organisations to support a diverse range of research topics, including work in the following areas:

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

BIICL was also delighted to be successful in applications to host three Ukrainian researchers via the British Academy/CARA Scholars-at-Risk scheme.

BIICL’s Annual Impact Reports provide further details of our achievements and research impacts. Copies may be downloaded from our website (www.biicl.org).

Events and training

The pandemic continued to cast a shadow over BIICL’s programme of events and training during 2022. Most continued to be delivered mainly online, but with some hybrid and fully in-person events starting to return.

Event topics were wide-ranging and included legal issues related to: Climate Change; Artificial Intelligence; Displacement in and from Ukraine; Product Liability; Collective Redress; Merger Control; and Trade and Investment. BIICL was also a co-convenor for the second London Conference on International Law. The annual Weinrebe Lecture was given by Professors Amal Clooney and Philippa Webb on Defending the Right to a Fair Trial, with reflections offered by discussants, Baroness Kennedy of the Shaws QC and The Rt. Hon. Lady Arden of Heswall DBE.

Our programme of online short courses continued to grow and diversify, including sessions on: AI, Law and Ethics; Pharmaceuticals and Intellectual Property; WTO Law; International Migration and Refugee Law; Energy Law; and International Labour Law. Intensive courses were also offered on a hybrid model with topics including: Climate Change Litigation, Foundations of Public International Law; Law of the Sea; and International Cross Border Dispute Resolution.

As well as BIICL’s training courses, three MOOCs are available in the areas of Citizenship and the Rule of Law, Rule of Law and Democracy in Europe, and International Investment Law and Dispute Resolution.

In 2022, BIICL’s income from events and training courses was £364,307 (2021: £195,369). There were 55 events during the year (2021: 87) and 16 training courses (2021: 14).

Publications

The International and Comparative Law Quarterly (ICLQ) continues to attract a very high standard of scholarship from around the world in the fields of public international law, private international law, comparative law, human rights law and European law. The journal is managed by an active Editorial Board of senior academics and retains its reputation as a world leading academic legal journal, with a high impact factor. A strict peer review system is operated to ensure that articles are selected purely on merit. This reflects the independence of the ICLQ and BIICL.

Cambridge University Press manages production, marketing and distribution of the ICLQ and provides additional support. Overall income from the ICLQ was £246,795 in 2022 (2021: £ 236,156).

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

In addition to the journal, BIICL occasionally publishes its own books. No new priced titles were published in 2022 (2021: 0). During the year, the Board of Trustees took the decision to cease hard copy book publications and to convert the most recent titles to accessible ePublications which are now available on the Kindle platform. Income from book sales in 2022 was £7,737 (2021: £ 8,124).

BIICL also produces working papers, research reports, responses to government proposals and other submissions, many of which are freely available to download from our website. Staff regularly publish their own research in other academic journals and books.

Public Benefit

Much of BIICL’s work makes an active contribution to our public benefit mission. Our diverse range of research, events, training and publications continues to enable increased public knowledge and awareness of important issues of international law, comparative law and the rule of law. We list below some selected examples of the impact of our work during 2022:

We measure our overall performance against the strategic aims and objectives set out in our Strategic Plan. Analysis of the fourth year of progress against our Strategic Plan 2019-2023 demonstrated a reasonable level of progress against our objectives and targets, despite the challenges of the pandemic.

Beneficiaries of our services

Beneficiaries of BIICL’s research and other activities are diverse and include: legal practitioners; academics; the judiciary; corporations and other commercial bodies; government and nongovernmental organisations; and members of the wider public.

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Financial review

The Statement of Financial Activities shows that overall income increased during 2022 by 1.5%, from £ 4,009K in 2021 to £4,071K in 2022. The net increase comprises a 3.7% increase (£41K) in Unrestricted Fund income and a 0.7% increase (£21K) in Restricted Fund income.

Total expenditure decreased by 3% to £4,051K (2021: £4,180K). Unrestricted Fund expenditure decreased by 4.5% (£63K), and Restricted Fund expenditure decreased by 2% (£66K).

The Institute has a deficit for the year on Unrestricted Funds of £219K (2021: deficit £199K) and a surplus on Restricted Funds of £168K (2021: surplus £150K). Total fund balances decreased by £51K (2021: decrease of £49K) to £2,554K (2021: 2,606K). This was after taking into account net unrealised losses on investments and foreign exchange gains of £71K (2021: net gains £122K).

Restricted Fund income has been recognised in accordance with the current Statement of Recommended Practice Accounting and Reporting by Charities (the Charities SORP). This treatment may mean that income is not recognised in the same period as the related expenditure. Over time Restricted Fund income should match expenditure, although significant surpluses or deficits may occur in certain years depending on the timing of income and expenditure.

The 2022 income on Restricted Funds primarily relates to:

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

The Trustees reaffirmed BIICL’s investment policy, which seeks to produce the optimum total return, balanced between income and capital, from its investment portfolio. The performance of our investment funds is monitored by the Finance and Audit Committee for the Trustees. Our funds are invested in an investment fund for charities, which provides us with a suitable balanced portfolio coupled with ready liquidity.

The average yield on investments in 2022 was 2.4% (2021: 2.2%). The average (unrealised) movement in the market value of investments in 2022 was a 10.2% decrease (2021: 12.0% increase).

Pensions

During 2022, BIICL participated in two funded pension schemes: one defined benefit scheme and one defined contribution schemes. Further details are provided in note 18 to the financial statements.

Principal risks and uncertainties

The Trustees operate a formal risk management process to assess business risks and implement risk management strategies. This involves identifying the risks faced by BIICL, prioritising these in relation to impact, likelihood of occurrence and overall risk level, and identifying mitigating factors and ways to manage the risks. In addition, all risks are owned by a member of BIICL’s management team. This risk register is regularly reviewed by the Finance and Audit Committee and by the Trustees, to ensure that it is kept up-to-date. As part of this process the Trustees have reviewed the adequacy of the Institute’s current internal controls and the costs of operating particular controls relative to the benefits obtained. Procedures have been established for reporting failings immediately to appropriate levels of management and to the Board of Trustees.

The Trustees consider that the lack of recurrent core funding represents a significant risk to the Institute. To mitigate this risk, the Trustees continue to seek core funding as a key part of our fundraising activity. During 2022, we continued to secure donations through our Appeals to assist with future growth of our strategic priority areas and to contribute towards major refurbishment costs.

The financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has continued to have an impact on the Institute’s finances in 2022, particularly with regard to income derived from events and training courses. Substantial mitigation was achieved by continuing to deliver the majority of the events and training programme online, with some hybrid and in-person activities returning during the year.

Taken together, the Trustees consider that the lack of recurrent core funding and the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could present a potential risk to the continued going concern status of the Institute in future years. The Trustees are mindful of this risk and have reviewed a financial scenario for 2023 which has adopted a worst case scenario approach with regard to income streams that are volatile or unsecured, and identified mitigating actions which could be taken should the need arise. As a result, the Trustees consider that there are currently no material uncertainties about the Institute’s ability to continue as a going concern.

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

All fundraising and other income generation activities abide by our Guidelines for Ethical Funding.

In addition to our fundraising activities, we continue to diversify and actively seek new sources of income for our research and training activities.

Reserves policy

Free reserves available for use by BIICL are deemed to be those that are readily realisable, less those funds whose uses are restricted or designated for particular purposes. The calculation thus excludes funds of £1,377K (2021: £1,490K) invested in property and other fixed assets that will continue to be used in the day-to-day running of the Institute.

As a matter of policy, each year the Trustees review the value of the reserves retained in the form of investments, cash and cash equivalents not held for restricted purposes or designated projects. The Board of Trustees considers BIICL’s exposure to major risks in terms of their likely impact on its income sources and planned expenditure in the short to medium term, as well as assessing the best way to manage such risks.

The present target for free reserves is a minimum of 50% of the year’s audited figure for total unrestricted resources expended, to recognise the risks relating to lack of recurrent core funding and to enable the Institute to cope with any emergencies. As at 31 December 2022 this target equates to £679K (2021: £717K).

The exceptional expenditure on major building refurbishment in 2019 and 2020 represented a substantial investment in our office and event space in a building that had had no major improvements since it was built in the late 1970s. Trustees saw this investment as necessary to bring the building’s services and infrastructure up to 21st century standards. As a result, there has been a substantial increase in BIICL’s fixed assets and a major decrease in free reserves.

While we have excluded fixed assets when calculating our free reserves in line with Charity Commission advice, our liquid assets have not in large part been committed to the fixed assets. As a consequence, applying this usual treatment does not fairly represent the underlying reality for the organisation. Our calculation of free reserves, therefore, now takes into account both the value of fixed assets and the total value of the loan from the University of London of £927K (2021: £1,018K).

The Covid-19 pandemic has continued to have a significant effect on BIICL’s finances and activities during 2022. Trustees do, however, recognise that a key priority for the next few years will be to rebuild free reserves back to the target level as soon as practicable. New income generation is actively being pursued through a variety of measures including income growth from new training activities, research funding, consultancy services, fundraising and international partnerships. Expenditure will be closely monitored by the Board and cost-cutting measures implemented, if necessary.

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

BIICL’s free reserves are calculated as follows:

Unrestricted funds at 31 December
Expendable endowment fund at 31 December
University of London loan
Less: Investment in tangible fixed assets for the Institute’s use		 2022
Total
£K
562
122
927
(1,377)
234		 2021
Total
£K
781
122
1,018
(1,490)
431

The Trustees will continue to keep this policy under review.

Fundraising

BIICL undertakes a peer-to-peer approach to fundraising which is governed by our Guidelines on Ethical Funding. We have a small, in-house Development team of four staff, who operate with support from our trustees, senior staff and other volunteers (typically senior lawyers or former law firm partners). BIICL does not use any external fundraisers or other commercial participators.

We have received no complaints about our fundraising activity and there have been no failures to comply with fundraising standards or regulation. BIICL’s peer-to-peer approach to fundraising ensures that vulnerable people and other members of the public are protected from any unreasonable behaviour and intrusion. Our Donor Privacy Policy is available on our website.

Plans for the future

BIICL’s Strategic Plan 2019-2023 provides the framework to guide and inform our future plans. Like many other organisations, our programme of work continues to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, as discussed earlier in this report, we have adapted our events and training activities and have worked hard to maximise our research income, including several new projects related to the impact of the pandemic. Some of our plans related to partnership working and new funding streams may take longer to be realised than we initially anticipated, but we have continued to develop new and existing relationships with both national and international partner organisations and universities. The contribution of our work to upholding international law and the rule of law has arguably never been more important, as States around the world struggle to find the most effective legislative and medical responses to the pandemic alongside other global challenges.

The Trustees are mindful of the risks presented by the Institute’s lack of recurrent core funding and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and recognise the need to develop new income-generating activities as part of the Institute’s business development strategy. This strategy includes:

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Structure, governance and management

Trustees

BIICL is governed by its Memorandum and Articles of Association adopted on 2 October 1958 and last amended on 5 December 2022.

The present Trustees, and any past Trustees who served during the year, are listed on page 1 of this Annual Report, together with the Institute Director and key management personnel.

The Board of Trustees is responsible for the overall governance of the Institute and the total number of Trustees may not exceed eighteen. Trustees are in office for a term of three years and may not serve more than two consecutive full terms.

Trustees meet at least 4 times a year. Apart from the Annual General Meeting, these meetings consist of formal Board meetings, held every quarter. At these meetings, Trustees review and set overall strategy and operational performance, as well as review the direction of BIICL research, events and publications.

Effective partnership between Trustees and BIICL staff continues to contribute significantly to our success. The Board delegates the exercise of certain powers in connection with the management and administration of the Institute as set out below. This is monitored by regular reporting to the Board, and by receipt and discussion of reports by the Institute Director and other staff as required, so that all decisions made under delegated powers can be ratified by the full Board in due course. In addition, each Trustee is a mentor to a member of the Institute’s staff. These measures ensure that Trustees have the necessary understanding for effective and informed decision-making.

Trustee Recruitment, Induction and Training

Trustees are nominated by the Board of Trustees and elected to the Board at BIICL’s Annual General Meeting. Generally, Trustees have already had an involvement with our activities, which ensures a broad understanding of BIICL’s work. Special advisors to the Board of Trustees are co-opted on an ad hoc basis.

All new Trustees receive a general induction to BIICL’s governance and operations by the Institute Director, Company Secretary and other senior staff. Training on specific matters is available, where appropriate. Sometimes this training takes the form of a presentation to the Board of Trustees by a guest speaker or a member of staff.

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Finance and Audit Committee

The members of the Finance and Audit Committee are appointed by the Board of Trustees. The members during 2022 were:

The Committee met 6 times during 2022. Meetings were also attended by the Institute Director, Institute Chief Operating Officer, Director of Finance, and the Director of the Bingham Centre.

Membership of the Committee shall include at least two BIICL Trustees (one of whom must be the Chair of the Committee). Other members shall comprise former Trustees or other independent external individuals with recent and relevant experience and expertise in finance, audit or other appropriate areas. Committee members should have no executive responsibility for the management of BIICL and no significant interests in the institution. The Chair of the Board of Trustees shall not be a member of the Committee. There shall be no fewer than five members. A quorum shall be at least three members (one of whom must be a Trustee).

Trustee member appointments to the Committee shall be in line with their Trustee terms of office. Other members shall be appointed for an initial term of three years and may serve for one further consecutive term. Appointments to the Committee are staggered to ensure some regular turnover of members.

The Committee’s terms of reference are:

Financial issues

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Audit issues

Research Ethics Committee

The Board of Trustees established a Research Ethics Committee in 2015, with responsibility for the development and implementation of policy and processes relating to research ethics.

Its terms of reference are:

The Chair of the Committee is a Trustee or former Trustee appointed by the Board. Other members comprise: one other BIICL Trustee; two lay members; the Institute Director; three Senior Research Fellows, at least one of whom will be from the Bingham Centre; and the Institute Chief Operating Officer.

Advisory Panels

Advisory Panels operate in each of the main BIICL research areas, with Panel members appointed for their expertise in these fields of law.

Institute Director

The Institute Director is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Institute’s affairs and for implementing strategies agreed by the Board of Trustees. The Institute Director is assisted by a team of senior managers and senior researchers, with whom there are regular meetings.

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Corporate Governance

Internal controls over all forms of financial commitments, obligations and expenditure continue to be refined to improve efficiency and as part of ongoing internal risk assessment processes. Policies and procedures are in place to ensure that performance is monitored and that appropriate management information is prepared and reviewed regularly by both senior management and the Board of Trustees.

The systems of internal control are designed to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. These are contained within BIICL’s Financial Regulations and Procedures and include:

All Trustees give their time voluntarily and receive no benefits from the charity. Trustees’ expenses reimbursed in 2022 were £nil (2021: £nil). No charity trustee received payment for professional or other services supplied to the charity (2021: £nil).

Related parties and relationships with other organisations

BIICL sometimes receives grants from The International Rule of Law Project Inc. (IROLP), a US public charity established by supporters of BIICL, tax exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the US Internal Revenue Code. IROLP is governed by its own independent Board, which included the Institute Chief Operating Officer. No grants from IROLP were received in 2022 (2021: no grants received).

Remuneration policy for key management personnel

The Finance and Audit Committee makes an annual recommendation to the Board of Trustees on the general principles to operate in relation to the remuneration of all staff, including key management personnel. In determining these general principles, the Finance and Audit Committee considers the following matters:

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Once the Board of Trustees has agreed these principles, the Institute Director applies them to individual staff members as part of the annual review process. The salary of the Institute Director is decided by the Board of Trustees on the recommendation of the Chair of the Board, taking account of the same general principles.

Statement of responsibilities of the Trustees

The Trustees (who are also directors of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the Trustees’ annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

Company law requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and of the incoming resources and application of resources, including the income and expenditure, of the charitable company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Trustees are required to:

The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charitable company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charitable company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

In so far as the Trustees are aware:

The Trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the charitable company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

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The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Trustees’ annual report

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Members of the charity guarantee to contribute an amount not exceeding £1 to the assets of the charity in the event of winding up. The total number of such guarantees at 31 December 2022 was 375 (2021: 440). The Trustees are members of the charity but this entitles them only to voting rights. The Trustees have no beneficial interest in the charity.

Auditor

Sayer Vincent LLP was re-appointed as the charitable company's auditor during the year and has expressed its willingness to continue in that capacity.

The Trustees’ annual report has been prepared in accordance with the special provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies' regime.

The Trustees’ annual report has been approved by the Trustees and signed on their behalf by

Date 17 July 2023 Eve Salomon CBE Chair of the Board of Trustees

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Independent auditor’s report

To the members of

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of The British Institute of International and Comparative Law (the ‘charitable company’) for the year ended 31 December 2022 which comprise the statement of financial activities, balance sheet, statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion, the financial statements:

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the charitable company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the trustees' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on The British Institute of International and Comparative Law‘s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the trustees with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

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Independent auditor’s report

To the members of

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Other Information

The other information comprises the information included in the trustees’ annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The trustees are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the charitable company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the trustees’ annual report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

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Independent auditor’s report

To the members of

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Responsibilities of trustees

As explained more fully in the statement of trustees’ responsibilities set out in the trustees’ annual report, the trustees (who are also the directors of the charitable company for the purposes of company law) are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the trustees determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the trustees are responsible for assessing the charitable company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the trustees either intend to liquidate the charitable company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud are set out below.

Capability of the audit in detecting irregularities

In identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, our procedures included the following:

20

Independent auditor’s report

To the members of

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the charitable company's members as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the charitable company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charitable company and the charitable company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Joanna Pittman (Senior statutory auditor)

18 August 2023

for and on behalf of Sayer Vincent LLP, Statutory Auditor Invicta House, 108-114 Golden Lane, LONDON, EC1Y 0TL

21

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Statement of Financial Activities (incorporating an income and expenditure account)

For the year ended 31 December 2022

For theyear ended 31 December 2022
Note
Income from:
2
3
3
3
3
4
5a
5a
5a
5a
5a
Foreign exchange gains on bank balances
6
Reconciliation of funds:
Conferences and seminars
Research programmes
Publications and journals
Member services
Donations and legacies
Charitable activities
Total expenditure
Net income before net gains on
investments
Charitable activities
Conferences and seminars
Research programmes
Member services
Publications and journals
Raising funds
Investments
Total income
Expenditure on:
Other Income
Total funds carried forward
Transfers between funds
Net movement in funds
Total funds brought forward
Net gains/losses on investments
Net income / (expenditure) for the year		 Unrestricted
£
156,253
299,869
254,532
257,427
140,381
10,685
24,022		 Restricted
£
197,791
-
-
106,880
2,623,324
-
-		 2022
Total
£
354,044
299,869
254,532
364,307
2,763,705
10,685
24,022		 Unrestricted
£
59,351
282,183
244,280
195,369
286,625
12,339
21,763		 Restricted
£
290,335
-
-
-
2,616,948
-
-		 2021
Total
£
349,686
282,183
244,280
195,369
2,903,573
12,339
21,763
1,143,169 2,927,995 4,071,164 1,101,910 2,907,283 4,009,193
126,715
308,678
127,391
203,065
603,815		 46,885
-
-
106,880
2,527,687		 173,600
308,678
127,391
309,945
3,131,502		 232,638
321,641
109,541
224,558
544,752		 53,135
-
-
-
2,694,122		 285,773
321,641
109,541
224,558
3,238,874
1,369,664 2,681,452 4,051,116 1,433,130 2,747,257 4,180,387
(66,803)
68,762
(226,495)		 (73,117)
-
246,543		 (139,920)
68,762
20,048		 58,237
-
(331,220)		 63,742
-
160,026		 121,979
-
(171,194)
(224,536)
5,261		 173,426
(5,261)		 (51,110)
-		 (272,983)
73,878		 223,768
(73,878)		 (49,215)
-
(219,275)
780,920		 168,165
1,824,560		 (51,110)
2,605,480		 (199,105)
980,025		 149,890
1,674,670		 (49,215)
2,654,695
561,645 1,992,725 2,554,370 780,920 1,824,560 2,605,480

All of the above results are derived from continuing activities. There were no recognised gains or losses other than those stated above. Movements in funds are disclosed in Note 20 to the financial statements.

22

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Balance Sheet

Balance Sheet
As at 31 December 2022 Company no. 615025
Note
Fixed assets:
12
13
Current assets:
14
Liabilities:
15
15
20a
Total unrestricted funds
Investments
Cash at bank and in hand
Tangible assets
Debtors
Endowment funds
Unrestricted income funds:
Restricted income funds
Capital fund
Net current assets
Total net assets
Creditors: amounts falling due after one year
General funds
Total charity funds
The funds of the charity:
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year		 £
279,515
1,905,430		 2022
£
1,377,329
979,341		 £
118,235
2,325,096		 2021
£
1,489,964
1,119,262
2,356,670
1,044,526		 2,609,226
923,300
2,184,945
1,140,419		 2,443,331
1,520,031
511,771
1,480,954		 584,888
1,239,672
846,826
2,554,370		 927,046
2,605,480
1,992,725
561,645		 1,824,560
780,920
450,283
111,362		 472,297
308,623
2,554,370 2,605,480

Approved by the trustees on 17 july 2023 and signed on their behalf by

Eve Salomon CBE Elizabeth Perks Chair of the Board of Trustees Trustee

23

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Statement of Cash Flows

For the year ended 31 December 2022

For the year ended 31 December 2022
Net cash provided by finance activities
Analysis of cash and cash equivalents
Cash at bank and in hand
Total cash and cash equivalents
Increase in creditors
Depreciation charges
Losses on investments
Dividends and interest from investments
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the
year
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
Change in cash and cash equivalents in the year
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Dividends, interest and rents from investments
Purchase of fixed assets
Net income for the reporting period
(as per the statement of financial activities)
Decrease in debtors
Cash flows from finance activities:
Increase in loan borrowings		 £
(51,110)
112,635
139,921
(24,022)
(161,280)
(459,832)		 £
(443,688)
24,022
-
2022		 £
(49,215)
128,053
(121,979)
(21,763)
98,091
229,259		 £
262,446
19,579
-
2021
24,022
-		 21,763
(2,184)
- -
At 1 January
2022
£
2,325,096		 Other
changes
£
-
(419,666)
2,325,096		 282,025
2,043,071
1,905,430 2,325,096

Cash flows
£
(419,666)
At 31
December
2022
£
1,905,430
2,325,096 (419,666) - 1,905,430

24

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

1 Accounting policies

a) Statutory information

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law is a charitable company limited by guarantee and is incorporated in the United Kingdom.

The registered office address and principal place of business is Charles Clore House, 17 Russell Square, London WC1B 5JP.

b) Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) - (Charities SORP FRS 102), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006.

Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy or note.

In applying the financial reporting framework, the trustees have made a number of subjective judgements, for example in respect of significant accounting estimates. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The nature of the estimation means the actual outcomes could differ from those estimates. Any significant estimates and judgements affecting these financial statements are detailed within the relevant accounting policy below.

c) Public benefit entity

The charitable company meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102.

d) Going concern

The trustees consider that there are no material uncertainties about the charitable company's ability to continue as a going concern. This assessment has been reached after preparing projections of the level of unrestricted reserves and cash up to 12 months beyond the date of signing annual financial statements, taking into account the financial effects of the Covid pandemic, future repayments due under the loan agreement with the University of London, general economic conditions and the future operating plans of the Institute. A worst case approach has been adopted with regard to income streams that are volatile or unsecured.

The trustees do not consider that there are any sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next reporting period.

e) Income

Income is recognised when the charity has entitlement to the funds, any performance conditions attached to the income have been met, it is probable that the income will be received and that the amount can be measured reliably.

Income from government and other grants, whether ‘capital’ grants or ‘revenue’ grants, is recognised when the charity has entitlement to the funds, any performance conditions attached to the grants have been met, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured reliably and is not deferred.

For legacies, entitlement is taken as the earlier of the date on which either: the charity is aware that probate has been granted, the estate has been finalised and notification has been made by the executor(s) to the charity that a distribution will be made, or when a distribution is received from the estate. Receipt of a legacy, in whole or in part, is only considered probable when the amount can be measured reliably and the charity has been notified of the executor’s intention to make a distribution. Where legacies have been notified to the charity, or the charity is aware of the granting of probate, and the criteria for income recognition have not been met, then the legacy is a treated as a contingent asset and disclosed if material.

Income received in advance of the provision of a specified service is deferred until the criteria for income recognition are met.

25

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

1 Accounting policies/continued

Donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised as income when the charity has control over the item or received the service, any conditions associated with the donation have been met, the receipt of economic benefit from the use by the charity of the item is probable and that economic benefit can be measured reliably. In accordance with the Charities SORP (FRS 102), volunteer time is not recognised; more information about their contribution may be found in the trustees’ annual report.

On receipt, donated gifts, professional services and donated facilities are recognised on the basis of the value of the gift to the charity, which is the amount the charity would have been willing to pay to obtain services or facilities of equivalent economic benefit on the open market; a corresponding amount is then recognised in expenditure in the period of receipt.

g) Interest receivable

Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the charity; this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the bank.

h) Fund accounting

Restricted funds are to be used for specific purposes as laid down by the donor. Expenditure which meets these criteria is charged to the fund.

Unrestricted funds are donations and other incoming resources received or generated for the charitable purposes.

i) Expenditure and irrecoverable VAT

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to make a payment to a third party, it is probable that settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. Expenditure is classified under the following activity headings:

Irrecoverable VAT is charged as a cost of the activity for which the expenditure was incurred.

j) Grants payable

Grants payable do not represent grant-giving activities by the charity but relate to the transfer of third party project funding to project partners. Expenditure related to grants payable is recognised in accordance with the agreed payment schedule or time period of each grant.

k) Allocation of support costs

Resources expended are allocated to the particular activity where the cost relates directly to that activity. The cost of overall direction and administration of each activity, comprising the salary and overhead costs of the central function, is apportioned pro rata to the staffing levels of the relevant activity.

l) Allocation of governance costs

Governance costs comprise audit fees and Board of Trustees meeting costs. These costs are apportioned across the Institute's activities, pro rata to the staffing levels of the relevant activity.

m) Operating leases

Rental charges are charged on a straight line basis over the term of the lease.

Items of equipment are capitalised where the purchase price exceeds £500. Depreciation costs are allocated to activities on the basis of the use of the related assets in those activities. Assets are reviewed for impairment if circumstances indicate their carrying value may exceed their net realisable value and value in use. Major components are treated as separate assets where they have significantly different patterns of consumption of economic benefits and are depreciated separately over their useful lives.

Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write down the cost of each asset to its estimated residual value over its expected useful life. The depreciation rates in use are as follows:

26

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

1 Accounting policies/continued

o) Listed investments

Investments are a form of basic financial instrument and are initially recognised at their transaction value and subsequently measured at their fair value as at the balance sheet date using the closing quoted market price. Any change in fair value is recognised in the statement of financial activities and any excess of fair value over the historical cost of investments is included in reserves. Investment gains and losses, whether realised or unrealised, are combined and shown in the heading “Net gains/(losses) on investments” in the statement of financial activities. The charity does not acquire put options, derivatives or other complex financial instruments.

p) Debtors

Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount due after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any trade discounts due.

q) Cash at bank and in hand

Cash includes short term highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.

r) Creditors and provisions

Creditors and provisions are recognised where the charity has a present obligation resulting from a past event that will probably result in the transfer of funds to a third party and the amount due to settle the obligation can be measured or estimated reliably. Creditors and provisions are normally recognised at their settlement amount after allowing for any trade discounts due.

s) Financial instruments

Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value. Other financial instruments such as loans are initially recognised at the present value of future cash payments discounted at a market interest rate, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

t) Pensions

The Institute participates in the Universities Superannuation Scheme (USS), a defined benefit scheme which is externally funded and contracted out of State Pension (S2P). The assets of the scheme are held in a separate trusteeadministered fund. Because of the mutual nature of the scheme, the scheme's assets are not hypothecated to individual institutions and a scheme-wide contribution rate is set. The Institute is therefore exposed to actuarial risks associated with other institutions' employees and is unable to identify its share of the underlying assets and liabilities of the scheme on a consistent and reasonable basis and, as required by FRS 102 Section 28, accounts for the scheme as if it were a defined contribution scheme. As a result, the amount charged to the SOFA represents the contributions payable to the scheme in respect of the accounting period.

The Institute also operates one defined contribution scheme. The amount charged to the SOFA represents the contributions payable to the scheme in respect of the accounting period.

27

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

2
Income from donations and legacies
60th Anniversary Appeal
Bingham Centre donations
Bingham Centre Business Network
Clore Duffield Foundation
Other donations
3
Law firms
Overseas government departments
UK research councils
UK government departments
Companies
Other sources
Sub-total for Research programmes
Total income from charitable
activities
WTO law events
Other events
Sub-total for Conferences and
seminars
Funding from:
Overseas NGOs, trusts and
foundations
UK NGOs, trusts and foundations
Comparative law events
Publications
Sub-total for Publications and
journals
Bingham Centre rule of law events
Forum memberships
Institute memberships
Sub-total for Member services
International law short courses
Investment treaty law events
Public international law events
European law events
ICLQ journal royalties and other
income
Income from charitable activities
Total income from donations and
legacies		 Unrestricted
£
129,503
-
-
-
26,750		 Restricted
£
-
125,291
70,000
-
2,500		 2022
Total
£
129,503
125,291
70,000
-
29,250		 Unrestricted
£
30,725
-
-
-
28,626		 Restricted
£
75,000
152,740
50,000
-
12,595		 2021
Total
£
105,725
152,740
50,000
-
41,221
156,253 197,791 354,044 59,351 290,335 349,686
Unrestricted
£
256,234
43,635		 Restricted
£
-
-		 2022
Total
£
256,234
43,635		 Unrestricted
£
238,470
43,713		 Restricted
£
-
-		 2021
Total
£
238,470
43,713
299,869
246,795
7,737		 -
-
-		 299,869
246,795
7,737		 282,183
236,156
8,124		 -
-
-		 282,183
236,156
8,124
254,532
2,303
160,858
12,141
46,150
-
-
17,546
18,429		 -
-
106,880
-
-
-
-
-
-		 254,532
2,303
267,738
12,141
46,150
-
-
17,546
18,429		 244,280
-
144,724
12,306
22,450
-
-
1,754
14,135		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 244,280
-
144,724
12,306
22,450
-
-
1,754
14,135
257,427
371
-
9,500
-
-
-
47,050
83,460		 106,880
481,065
388,003
5,334
90,381
1,426,477
113,706
-
118,358		 364,307
481,436
388,003
14,834
90,381
1,426,477
113,706
47,050
201,818		 195,369
103,750
-
31,081
-
-
-
128,446
23,348		 -
396,870
322,915
37,398
288,010
1,571,755
-
-
-		 195,369
500,620
322,915
68,479
288,010
1,571,755
-
128,446
23,348
140,381 2,623,324 2,763,705 286,625 2,616,948 2,903,573
952,209 2,730,204 3,682,413 1,008,457 2,616,948 3,625,405

28

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

For the year ended 31 December 2022
4
Income from investments
Bank interest
Dividends received from investments
Interest received from investments		 Unrestricted
£
20,411
3,184
427		 Restricted
£
-
-
-		 2022
Total
£
20,411
3,184
427		 Unrestricted
£
18,979
2,781
3		 Restricted
£
-
-
-		 2021
Total
£
18,979
2,781
3
24,022 - 24,022 21,763 - 21,763

29

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Analysis of expenditure (current year)
Staff costs (Note 8)
Direct costs
Grants payable (Note 7)
Support costs:
- Other staff costs
- General fundraising and marketing costs
- Property costs
- Communication costs
- Other office costs
- Depreciation and losses on disposals
- Other costs
Governance costs
Total expenditure 2022
Total expenditure 2021		 Raising funds
£
143,437
-
-
15,839
662
3,974
2,634
317
4,827
1,404
507		 Charitable activities
2022
Total
£
2,606,554
731,821
323,833
54,657
15,439
92,734
61,460
7,406
112,635
32,755
11,820
2021
Total
£
2,614,830
530,091
644,438
76,788
26,437
58,591
63,169
9,997
128,052
14,678
13,316
Member
services
£
220,692
59,427
-
3,090
1,176
7,066
4,683
564
8,582
2,496
901
Publications
and journals
£
80,743
34,862
-
1,275
486
2,916
1,933
233
3,542
1,030
372
Conferences
and seminars
£
115,168
166,101
-
3,394
1,292
7,759
5,143
620
9,426
2,741
989
Research
programmes
£
2,046,513
471,431
323,833
31,059
11,824
71,019
47,068
5,672
86,259
25,085
9,052
173,600 308,678 127,391 312,633 3,128,814 4,051,116 4,180,387
285,773 321,641 109,541 224,558 3,238,874 4,180,387

Staff costs of £2,606,554 (2021 £2,614,830) include costs of support staff £845,048 (2021 £874,187).

Other staff costs comprises: temporary staff, recruitment costs, staff travel, accommodation, subsistence and entertaining, and staff professional fees, training and conference costs.

Governance costs include audit fees of £11,820 (2021: £13,316) and Board of Trustees meeting costs of £nil (2021: £nil).

30

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

5b Analysis of expenditure (prior year)

Charitable activities

Staff costs (Note 8)
Direct costs
Grants payable (Note 7)
Support costs:
- Other staff costs
- General fundraising and marketing costs
- Property costs
- Communication costs
- Other office costs
- Depreciation and losses on disposals
- Other costs
Governance costs
Total expenditure 2021		 Raising funds
£
186,756
18,800
-
58,735
1,807
4,005
4,318
683
8,754
1,005
910		 Member
services
£
225,412
70,560
-
1,491
2,034
4,508
4,860
769
9,852
1,130
1,025
Publications
and journals
£
74,999
25,800
-
508
693
1,535
1,655
262
3,355
385
349
Conferences
and seminars
£
170,636
36,001
-
1,041
1,420
3,147
3,393
537
6,879
789
715
Research
programmes
£
1,957,027
378,930
644,438
15,013
20,483
45,396
48,943
7,746
99,212
11,369
10,317
2021
Total
£
2,614,830
530,091
644,438
76,788
26,437
58,591
63,169
9,997
128,052
14,678
13,316
285,773 321,641 109,541 224,558 3,238,874 4,180,387

31

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

This is stated after charging / (crediting):

This is stated after charging / (crediting):
2022 2021
£ £
Depreciation 112,634 128,053
Operating lease rentals:
Property 1 1
Other 560 636
Auditor's remuneration:
Audit fee (excl VAT) 10,100 9,750
Under-accrual for audit fee in prior year 1,720 3,566
Foreign exchange (gains)losses (68,762) (9,497)

The funding provided by the Arts and Humanities Research Council for the Modern Slavery Policy and Evidence Centre and the Role of Good Governance and the Rule of Law project included funding for some activities that are to be carried out by partner institutions. Funds payable to those partner institutions are as follows:

Afruca
University of Twickenham
University of Hull
The Alan Turing Institute
University of Sheffield
Royal Holloway University of London
University of Nottingham
University of Newcastle
Bonavero Institute of Human Rights, University of Oxford
Ada Lovelace Institute
University of Liverpool
University of Edinburgh		 2022
£
63,238
60,774
-
152,433
15,127
13,161
-
-
19,100
-
-
-		 2021
£
75,809
63,688
80,214
104,019
-
14,400
67,134
59,680
32,560
31,934
115,000
323,833 644,438

32

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

8 Analysis of staff costs, trustee remuneration and expenses, and the cost of key management personnel

Staff costs were as follows:

Staff costs were as follows:
Salaries and wages
Social security costs
Employer’s contributions to defined contribution pension schemes
Employer’s contributions to defined benefit pension scheme
Other forms of employee benefits		 2022
£
2,232,876
219,525
125,631
26,906
1,616		 2021
£
2,262,615
198,698
119,382
32,557
1,578
2,606,554 2,614,830

The following number of employees received employee benefits (including salary, but excluding employer's national insurance contributions and employer pension contributions) during the year between:

2022 2021
No. No.
£60,000 - £69,999 5 4
£80,000 - £89,999 1 1
£120,000 - £129,999 2 1
£150,000 - £159,999 - 1

The total employee benefits, including employer's national insurance contributions and employer's pension contributions, of the key management personnel were £507,591 (2021: £539,989).

The charity trustees were not paid and did not receive any other benefits. Trustees expenses reimbursed in 2022 were £nil. No charity trustee received payment for professional or other services supplied to the charity (2021: £nil).

9 Staff numbers

The average number of employees during the year was as follows:

The average number of employees during the year was as follows:
Publications and journals
Conferences and seminars
Research programmes
Raising funds (Including marketing)
Support
Member services		 2022
Employed
No.
1.6
2.9
1.6
0.0
29.6
12.8		 2022
FTE (*)
No.
1.1
2.1
1.5
0.0
24.7
10.9		 2021
Employed
No.
5.4
4.0
1.9
3.9
32.0
1.8		 2021
FTE (*)
No.
4.5
3.4
1.9
3.8
26.0
1.7
48.4 40.3 49.0 41.3

(*) Full-time equivalent

33

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

10 Related party transactions

In 2019 an interest-free loan of £7,113 was made to the International Rule of Law Project Inc., a non-profit organisation incorporated in the United States of America for the purpose of raising funds for the charity. The Company Secretary of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law is one of the three directors of this company. The loan is repayable at such point as funds become available and the position will be reviewed annually. The outstanding balance of the loan at the end of the year was £7,113 (2021: £7,113).

Aggregate donations from related parties were £621 (2021: £nil).

11 Taxation

The charitable company is exempt from corporation tax as all its income is charitable and is applied for charitable purposes.

12 Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets
At the end of the year
Depreciation
Additions
At the start of the year
Charge for the year
At the end of the year
At the end of the year
At the start of the year
Cost or valuation
At the start of the year
Net book value		 Improvements
to leasehold
property
£
1,591,339
-

Computer
equipment
£
212,393
-
Office
equipment,
fixtures and
fittings
£
98,250
-


Total
£
1,901,982
-
1,591,339 212,393 98,250 1,901,982
171,304
79,567		 190,991
15,522		 49,723
17,546		 412,018
112,635
250,871 206,513 67,269 524,653
1,340,468 5,880 30,981 1,377,329
1,420,035 21,402 48,527 1,489,964

All of the above assets are used for charitable purposes. The Institute assessed the cost of improvements to leasehold property made in 2019 to be £1,275,000. Additional costs of £290,167 were capitalised in 2020 in accordance with the final determination of the costs payable to the University of London.

13 Listed investments

Listed investments
Fair value of investments at the start of the year
UK Investment Companies
Fair value of investments at the end of the year
Investments comprise:
Net gain (loss) on change in fair value		 2022
£
1,119,262
(139,921)		 2021
£
997,283
121,979
979,341 1,119,262
2022
£
979,341		 2021
£
1,119,262
979,341 1,119,262

34

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

14
Debtors
15
16
Prepayments
Accrued income
Loan from University of London
Taxation and social security
Trade debtors
Other debtors
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Deferred income (Note 17)
Creditors: amounts falling due after one year
Loan from University of London
Grants payable
Accruals
Other creditors
Trade creditors		 2022
£
77,958
14,230
10,919
176,408		 2021
£
10,923
14,691
10,751
81,870
279,515 118,235
2022
£
22,196
61,037
83,798
80,220
387,923
266,804
238,441		 2021
£
60,320
60,738
134,574
90,621
600,671
308,505
264,602
1,140,419 1,520,031
2022
846,826		 2021
927,046

The University of London loan creditor £927,046 relates to the cost of leasehold improvement works carried out to the Institute's offices in 2019. The final cost of the works was £1,565,167 and the Institute made an interim payment of £500,000 to the University during 2019, leaving a remaining creditor of £1,065,167. A further repayment of £47,500 was made in 2020, reducing the creditor to £1,017,667. The University has made a loan to the Institute of £1,017,167 at an interest rate of 6%, repayable over 10 years commencing January 2022 . In 2022, £90,621 was paid in respect to this loan.

35

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

17 Deferred income

Deferred income comprises:

Deferred income comprises:
Balances at the beginning of the year:
Member services
Publications and journals
Conferences and seminars
Research programmes
Rental services
Amounts released to income in the year
Amounts deferred in the year
Balance at the end of the year
Analysis of deferred income balances at the end of the year:
Member services
Publications and journals
Conferences and seminars
Research programmes		 2022
£
49,385
-
6,467
208,750
-		 2021
£
170,365
-
-
173,197
-
264,602
(264,602)
238,441		 343,562
(343,562)
264,602
238,441 264,602
61,580
120,557
1,675
54,629		 49,385
-
6,467
208,750
238,441 264,602

18 Pension schemes

The Institute participates in the Universities Superannuation Scheme (USS), a defined benefit scheme which is contracted out of the State Second Pension (S2P). The assets of the scheme are held in a separate fund administered by the trustee, Universities Superannuation Scheme Limited. The Institute is required to contribute a specified percentage of payroll costs to the pension scheme to fund the benefits payable to the Institute's employees. In 2020 the percentage was 21.1% . The Institute is unable to identify its share of the underlying assets and liabilities of the scheme on a consistent and reasonable basis and therefore, as required by FRS 102 Section 28, accounts for the scheme as if it were a defined contribution scheme.

The total cost charged to the SOFA in respect of this scheme was £26,906 (2021: £32,557), as shown in note 8. This includes £nil (2021: £nil) outstanding contributions at the balance sheet date.

The latest available triennial actuarial valuation of the scheme was carried out as at 31 March 2020. At the valuation date, the value of the assets of the scheme was £66.5 billion and the value of the scheme's technical provisions was £80.6 billion indicating a shortfall of £14.1 billion. The assets therefore were sufficient to cover 83% of the benefits which had accrued to members after allowing for expected future increases in earnings.

The Institute also makes contributions to one defined contribution scheme. Contributions charged to the SOFA for this scheme represent the various contributions payable to the scheme in respect of the accounting period. The total cost charged to the SOFA was £125,631 (2021: £119,382 ), as shown in note 8. This includes £nil (2021: £nil) outstanding contributions at the balance sheet date.


outstanding contributions at the balance sheet date.
Employer contributions to the USS defined benefit scheme
Average number of Institute members of defined contribution schemes
Employer contributions to defined contribution schemes
Average number of Institute members of USS defined benefit scheme		 2022
£
26,906
125,631		 2021
£
32,557
119,382
152,537 151,939
2022
No.
1
44		 2021
No.
1
39
45 40

36

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

19a Analysis of net assets between funds (current year)

Tangible fixed assets
Investments
Net current assets
Net assets at the end of the year
Creditors: amounts falling due after
one year		 General
£
-
467,570
(356,208)
-		 Capital
£
1,377,329
-
(80,220)
(846,826)		 Endowments
£
-
511,771
-
-		 Restricted
£
-
-
1,480,954
-		 Total funds
£
1,377,329
979,341
1,044,526
(846,826)
111,362 450,283 511,771 1,480,954 2,554,370

19b Analysis of net assets between funds (prior year)

Tangible fixed assets
Investments
Net current assets
Net assets at the end of the year
Creditors: amounts falling due after
one year		 General
£
-
534,374
(225,751)
-		 Capital
£
1,489,964
-
(90,621)
(927,046)		 £
-
584,888
-
-
Endowments		 Restricted
£
-
-
1,239,672
-		 Total funds
£
1,489,964
1,119,262
923,300
(927,046)
308,623 472,297 584,888 1,239,672 2,605,480

37

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

20a Movements in funds (current year)

Movements in funds (current year)
Total endowment funds
Global Labor Program - Platform for
Organising by Workers for
Empwerment and Recognition
Beyond Restitution: Exploring the Story
of Cultural Objects After Repatriation
Covid-19 and the Law - Protection and
Recovery for Vulnerable Groups
Exposing Labour Exploitation in Cuba
Modern Slavery Policy and Evidence
Centre
Global Promotion of the Rule of Law
Policy-relevant Rule of Law Research
Influencing Covid-19 legislation
through Rule of Law-based scrutiny
Interdisciplinary Study on Medical
Research: Rescuing Intellectual
Property Rights in Pandemic
Emergencies from "Tragedy of the
Anticommon"
Global Perspectives on Corporate
Climate Change Legal Tactics
Protection of Intangible Cultural
Heritage in the Pacific Region
Research Council Open Access Block
Award 2022
Harmonising Caribbean company and
insolvency law
Rule of Law, Legitimacy and Effective
COVID-19 Control Technologies
Trafficking in Persons
Sunley-Percy Rugg
Sunley-Sebag Shaw
Barnett Shine
Endowment funds:
Bingham Centre Appeal - Phase 2
Restricted income funds:
Arthur Watts Fellowship - Phase 2
Big Data and Algorithms
The Role of Good Governance and the
Rule of Law in Building Public Trust in
Data-Driven Responses to Public
Health Emergencies.
Climate Litigation and the Separation
of Powers
Research Councils Open Access Block
Award
RECONNECT (H2020)
Global Rule of Law Exchange		 At 1 January
2022
£
231,678
231,678
121,532
Income and
gains
£
-
-
-
Expenditure
and losses
£
(36,559)
(36,559)
-
Transfers
£
-
-
-		 At 31
December
2022
£
195,119
195,119
121,532
584,888 - (73,117) - 511,771
150,068
12,395
36,484
17,223
1,398
37,583
51,336
5,261
-
1,279
39,035
3,636
2,767
83,396
9,816
5,313
605,766
-
-
-
-
-
-

 483,624
-
2,500
67,254
5,335
(37,520)
59,915
-
30,466
-
71,270
-
-
(83,396)
-
26,565
1,483,990
113,207
66,144
21,104
149,993
36,198
26,381		 (418,449)
-
-
(70,507)
(10,407)
-
(111,251)
-
(28,777)
(1,039)
(77,433)
(3,512)
(2,670)
-
(9,816)
(31,878)
(1,232,527)
(111,190)
(46,716)
(22,538)
(47,506)
(27,630)
-		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
(5,261)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(79,046)
-
-
-
-
-
-		 215,243
12,395
38,984
13,970
(3,674)
63
-
-
1,689
240
32,872
124
97
-
-
-
778,183
2,017
19,428
(1,434)
102,487
8,568
26,381

38

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

For the year ended 31 December 2022 For the year ended 31 December 2022
20a
-
98,410
10,960
10,478
-
-
-
57,068
Total restricted income funds
1,239,672
-
Total restricted funds
1,824,560
-
Capital fund
472,297
General funds
308,623
780,920
2,605,480
The Dorset Fellowship in Public
International Law
Independent Commission on Public
Health Emergency Powers
Total unrestricted funds
Access to Legal Advice for Survivors fo
Modern Slavery
Designated fund - 60th Anniversary
Appeal
Foreign Commonwealth and
Development Office London
Conference
Independent Commission on UK
Counterterrorism Legislation, Policy
and Practice
Rule of Law Monitoring Project
Sybil Shine Memorial Trust Youth and
Public Engagement Programme
Unrestricted funds:
Depolarising the Constitutional Debate
Total funds
Movements in funds (current year) (continued)
Identification of Aduts with Lived
Experiences of Modern Slavery in the
UK		 -
-
20,000
31,668
-
53,500
132,917
106,880
60,000		 (55,342)
(23,704)
(46,913)
(49,671)
-
(12,574)
(77,052)
(106,880)
(55,470)		 55,342
23,704
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 -
-
71,497
(7,043)
10,478
40,926
55,865
-
61,598
1,239,672 2,927,995 (2,681,452) (5,261) 1,480,954
-
1,824,560		 -
2,927,995		 (2,754,569) (5,261) 1,992,725
-
472,297
308,623		 129,503
-
1,082,428		 -
-
(1,436,467)		 (129,503)
(22,014)
156,778		 -
450,283
111,362
780,920 1,211,931 (1,436,467) 5,261 561,645
2,605,480 4,139,926 (4,191,036) - 2,554,370

39

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

20b Movements in funds (prior year)

Movements in funds (prior year)
Total endowment funds
Total restricted funds
Capital fund
General funds
Rule of Law Monitoring Project
Depolarising the Constitutional Debate
Sybil Shine Memorial Trust Youth and
Public Engagement Programme
Policy-relevant Rule of Law Research
Beyond Restitution: Exploring the Story
The Role of Good Governance and the
Rule of Law in Building Public Trust in
Data-Driven Responses to Public
Health Emergencies.
Research Councils Open Access Block
Global Promotion of the Rule of Law
Endowment funds:
Sunley-Percy Rugg
Independent Commission on UK
Counterterrorism Legislation, Policy
and Practice
Sunley-Sebag Shaw
Barnett Shine
Climate Litigation and the Separation
Modern Slavery Policy and Evidence
Centre
Unrestricted funds:
Trafficking in Persons
Total unrestricted funds
Total funds
Designated fund - 60th Anniversary
Appeal
RECONNECT (H2020)
Influencing Covid-19 legislation
through Rule of Law-based scrutiny
All-Party Parliamentary Group on the
Rule of Law
Arthur Watts Fellowship - Phase 2
Exposing Labour Exploitation in Cuba
Big Data and Algorithms
Restricted income funds:
Bingham Centre Appeal - Phase 2
Global Rule of Law Exchange
Harmonising Caribbean company and
insolvency law
Rule of Law, Legitimacy and Effective
Bluston Charitable Foundation		 At 31
December
2020
£
199,807
199,807
121,532

Income and
gains
£
31,871
31,871
-
Expenditure
and losses
£
-
-
-
Transfers
£
-
-
-		 At 31
December
2021
£
231,678
231,678
121,532
521,146 63,742 - - 584,888
2,071
12,395
18,507
32,210
121,229
12,975
69,925
-
68,131
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
672,966
83,700
15,603
-
43,812
 448,573
-
-
12,595
-
60,000
55,187
75,000
230,951
7,181
57,059
37,398
78,070
20,959
39,864
409,044
9,816
5,313
1,152,895
56,710
64,000
26,668
60,000		 (300,576)
-
(18,507)
(8,321)
(104,006)
(71,577)
(87,529)
-
(247,746)
(1,920)
(58,181)
(36,119)
(39,035)
(17,323)
(37,097)
(325,648)
-
-
(1,220,095)
(42,000)
(68,643)
(16,190)
(46,744)		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
(75,000)
-
-
1,122
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 150,068
12,395
-
36,484
17,223
1,398
37,583
-
51,336
5,261
-
1,279
39,035
3,636
2,767
83,396
9,816
5,313
605,766
98,410
10,960
10,478
57,068
1,153,524 2,907,283 (2,747,257) (73,878) 1,239,672
-
598,166
381,859		 30,725
-
1,129,422		 -
-
(1,433,130)		 (30,725)
(125,869)
230,472		 -
472,297
308,623
980,025 1,160,147 (1,433,130) 73,878 780,920
2,654,695 4,131,172 (4,180,387) - 2,605,480

40

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Purposes of endowment funds:

Permanent: The Sunley-Percy Rugg and the Sunley-Sebag Shaw Endowment Funds

The Bernard Sunley Charitable Foundation established two Endowment Funds in 1982, namely:

The funds were established to recognise the contributions of Sir Percy Rugg and the Rt. Hon. Sir Sebag Shaw and were received by the Institute over the period from 1982 to 1991.

Each fund is owned and administered by the Institute and consists of £195,119 (2021: £231,678) held in perpetuity for the permanent endowment of the Institute. Income arising from the funds is applied for the general purposes of the Institute.

The assets of each fund are held in listed investments. At the end of the year the fair value of these investments had decreased by £36,559 (2021: increased £31,871) for each fund. Therefore each fund decreased in value by £36,559 in respect of unrealised gains (2021: £31,871 unrealised gains).

Expendable: The Barnett Shine Charitable Foundation

This fund was originally established as the Shine Denning Endowment Fund of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law in 1982. A total of £300,000 was donated over the period from 1982 to 2000, to provide income to the Institute for its general purposes, including “the provision of financial or material assistance to the Institute”, but with the power to “apply the whole or any part of the Trust Fund whether capital or income in or towards the implementation of any one or more of the objects of the Trust”. Income arising from the funds is applied for the general purposes of the Institute. A transfer from expendable endowments of £178,468 was made in 2000 to settle a deficit on unrestricted funds. This left a balance of £121,532 which has remained unaltered since then.

Purposes of restricted funds: current year

Phase 2 of the Bingham Centre Appeal was launched in May 2013 to raise further funds to sustain the Centre beyond Phase 1.

The Bingham Centre receives grants from the Jones Day Foundation in respect of specific Global Rule of Law Exchange international conferences.

The Legal Education Foundation funded secretariat support for the All-Party Parliamentary Group on the Rule of Law.

Phase 2 of the Arthur Watts Fellowship Appeal was launched in December 2014 to raise further funds to sustain the Fellowship beyond Phase 1.

The European Union provided funding for a collaborative research project RECONNECT (H2020) led by the University of Leuven.

The Laudes Foundation provided funding for a project on Global Perspectives on Corporate Climate Legal Tactics. This project is from September 2022 to September 2024.

The Role of Good Governance and the Rule of Law in Building Public Trust in Data-Driven Responses to Public Health Emergencies.

The Foundation Open Society Institute and the Digital Freedom Fund provided funding for a research project on big data and algorithms.

The United States of America Department of State provided funding for a Trafficking in Persons research project.

The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) provided funding to provide assistance to member states to harmonise companies and insolvency laws and instruments for the mutual recognition of companies.

41

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Purposes of restricted funds: current year (continued)

The Pan American Development Foundation provided funds for research into Exposing Labour Exploitation in Cuba.

Hausfeld LLP provided funds for research into Climate Litigation and the Separation of Powers.

The Leverhulme Trust provided funding for the research project Beyond Restitution: Exploring the Story of Cultural Objects After Repatriation.

The Institute for Ethics in Artificial Intelligence provided funding for the research project Rule of Law, Legitimacy and Effective COVID-19 Control Technologies.

The Baring Foundation provided funding for the research project Influencing Covid-19 legislation through Rule of Lawbased scrutiny.

The Arts and Humanities Research Council provided funding for the research project The Role of Good Governance and the Rule of Law in Building Public Trust in Data-Driven Responses to Public Health Emergencies.

The UK Research Councils awarded an Open Access Block Grant to support the implementation of the Research Councils' Policy on Open Access. It provided a further grant in 2022.

The Legal Education Foundation provided funding for co-creating and sustaining a programme of Policy-relevant Rule of Law Research.

The Arts and Humanities Research Council provided funding for the establishment of a Modern Slavery Policy and Evidence Centre.

The Independent Commission on UK Counterterrorism Legislation, Policy and Practice is funded by Barrow Cadbury Trust, the Open Society Initiative for Europe, the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust and Unbound Philanthropy.

The Rule of Law Monitoring Project is funded by the David and Elaine Potter Foundation, the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust and AB Charitable Trust.

The Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust provided funding for the Depolarising Constitutional Debate project to campaign to build the constitution back better by facilitating the rediscovery of shared constitutional values in the UK.

The UKRI provided 3 year grant funding for a research project into Covid-19 and the Law - Protection and Recovery for Vulnerable Groups. This project began in February 2022 and will continue to January 2025.

Solidar Suisse provided a research grant for a Global Labor Program - Platform for Organising by Workers for Empowerment and Recognition. This commenced in 2022 and will be completed in October 2026.

A colloborative research project funded by the Economic and Social Research Council was undertaken with Aberdeen University for an Interdisciplinary Study on Medical Research: Rescuing Intellectual Property Rights in Pandemic Emergencies from "Tragedy of the Anticommon". Aberdeen University are leading the project which commenced in 2022 and will continue until January 2025.

The Laudes Foundation provided a 2 year grant for a project on Global Perspectives on Corporate Climate Change Legal Tactics, with a selection of tools for NGOs, government bodies, local communities, other affected groups and individuals around the world, and those representing them.

Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (Australia) Ltd provided funding for a research project into the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Pacific Region. The final report is due at the beginning of 2023.

Funding was provided by the PEC for a study into the Access to Legal Advice for Survivors of Modern Slavery.

Funding was provided by the PEC for a study into the Identification of adults with lived experiences of modern slavery in the UK.

The Indpendent Commission on UK Public Health is generously supported by the JRSST Charitable Trust, alongside other funders.

The Dorset Fellowship in Public International Law is 3 year funding from the Dorset Foundation.

The Foreign and Commonwealth Office provided funding for a London conference which was held in October 2022 on international law

The Sybil Shine Memorial Trust provided funding for a Youth and Public Engagement Programme.

42

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Purposes of restricted funds: prior year

Phase 2 of the Bingham Centre Appeal was launched in May 2013 to raise further funds to sustain the Centre beyond Phase 1.

The Bingham Centre receives grants from the Jones Day Foundation in respect of specific Global Rule of Law Exchange international conferences.

The Legal Education Foundation funded secretariat support for the All-Party Parliamentary Group on the Rule of Law.

Phase 2 of the Arthur Watts Fellowship Appeal was launched in December 2014 to raise further funds to sustain the Fellowship beyond Phase 1.

The European Union provided funding for a collaborative research project RECONNECT (H2020) led by the University of Leuven.

The Jones Day Foundation provided funding for the global promotion of the rule of law for the period September 2018 to August 2021.

The Foundation Open Society Institute and the Digital Freedom Fund provided funding for a research project on big data and algorithms.

The Bluston Charitable Foundation provided funds for the creation of a new meeting room in Charles Clore House to be known as the Bluston Hub.

The United States of America Department of State provided funding for a Trafficking in Persons research project.

The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) provided funding to provide assistance to member states to harmonise companies and insolvency laws and instruments for the mutual recognition of companies.

The Pan American Development Foundation provided funds for research into Exposing Labour Exploitation in Cuba.

Hausfeld LLP provided funds for research into Climate Litigation and the Separation of Powers.

The Leverhulme Trust provided funding for the research project Beyond Restitution: Exploring the Story of Cultural Objects After Repatriation.

The Institute for Ethics in Artificial Intelligence provided funding for the research project Rule of Law, Legitimacy and Effective COVID-19 Control Technologies.

The Baring Foundation provided funding for the research project Influencing Covid-19 legislation through Rule of Lawbased scrutiny.

The Arts and Humanities Research Council provided funding for the research project The Role of Good Governance and the Rule of Law in Building Public Trust in Data-Driven Responses to Public Health Emergencies.

The UK Research Councils awarded an Open Access Block Grant to support the implementation of the Research Councils' Policy on Open Access.

The Legal Education Foundation provided funding for co-creating and sustaining a programme of Policy-relevant Rule of Law Research.

The Arts and Humanities Research Council provided funding for the establishment of a Modern Slavery Policy and Evidence Centre.

The Independent Commission on UK Counterterrorism Legislation, Policy and Practice is funded by Barrow Cadbury Trust, the Open Society Initiative for Europe, the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust and Unbound Philanthropy.

The Rule of Law Monitoring Project is funded by the David and Elaine Potter Foundation, the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust and AB Charitable Trust.

The Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust provided funding for the Depolarising Constitutional Debate project to campaign to build the constitution back better by facilitating the rediscovery of shared constitutional values in the UK.

The Sybil Shine Memorial Trust provided funding for a Youth and Public Engagement Programme.

43

The British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2022

Unrestricted funds: current year

A designated fund established in respect of funds raised from the 60th Anniversary Appeal was used to provide funds towards the refurbishment of the Institute's office space, the creation of a new conference and events suite, and the development of new programmes of research, training and events.

Unrestricted funds: prior year

A designated fund was established in respect of funds raised from the 60th Anniversary Appeal, which was used to provide funds towards the refurbishment of the Institute's office space, the creation of a new conference and events suite, and the development of new programmes of research, training and events.

Capital Fund

The capital fund represents the net book value of fixed assets less the value of the University of London creditor £927,046 (2021: £1,017,667) associated with the cost of leasehold improvements.

Transfers between funds: current year

As per the agreement, the outstanding balance from the project 'Harmonising Caribbean company and insolvency law' was transferred to unrestricted funds. This amount totalled £5,261.

Transfers between funds: prior year

Restricted funds given by the Bluston Charitable Foundation specifically to fund aspects of the refurbishment of Charles Clore House have been transferred from restricted funds to unrestricted funds in recognition that the purpose for which the funds were given, namely the completion of the refurbishment, has been satisfied.

Funds received from the 60th Anniversary Appeal have been transferred from designated funds to general unrestricted funds, as these funds are to be applied for the general purposes of the Institute.

21 Operating lease commitments

The charity's total future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

One to five years
Over five years
Less than one year		 Property Property Equipment Equipment
2022
£
1
4
47		 2021
£
1
4
48		 2022
£
560
480
-		 2021
£
640
960
-
52 53 1,040 1,600

22 Legal status of the charity

The charity is a company limited by guarantee and has no share capital. The liability of each member in the event of winding up is limited to £1.

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