COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 13257272 CHARITY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 1198990
KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD Company Limited by Guarantee Unaudited Financial Statements
31 March 2023
WHITESIDE AND DAVIES
Chartered accountants 158 Cromwell Road Salford M6 6DE
KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Financial Statements
Year ended 31 March 2023
| Page | |
|---|---|
| Trustees' annual report (incorporating the director's report) | 1 |
| Independent examiner's report to the trustees | 4 |
| Statement of financial activities (including income and | |
| expenditure account) | 5 |
| Statement of financial position | 6 |
| Statement of cash flows | 7 |
| Notes to the financial statements | 8 |
KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Trustees' Annual Report (Incorporating the Director's Report)
Year ended 31 March 2023
The trustees, who are also the directors for the purposes of company law, present their report and the unaudited financial statements of the charity for the year ended 31 March 2023.
Reference and administrative details
Registered charity name KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD Charity registration number 1198990 Company registration number 13257272 Principal office and registered 158 Cromwell Road office Salford M6 6DE The trustees A Klajn J Neumann S Rosenbaum Independent examiner D Pollak 158 Cromwell Road Salford M6 6DE
Structure, governance and management
The Trustees in office throughout the year were Mr S Rosenbaum, Mr J Neumann & Mr A D Klajn. Mr S Rosenbaum & Mr J Neumann were also directors for the purposes of company law. All trustees give of their time freely and no trustee remuneration was paid in the year.
Recruitment and appointment of new trustees would be in line with the Trust Deed and with the consent of the trustees. The criteria set for the suitable candidate would be someone who is sensitive to the needs and demands of the organisation.
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Trustees' Annual Report (Incorporating the Director's Report) (continued)
Year ended 31 March 2023
Objectives and activities
The objectives and activities of Kollel Kinyan Hashas are met through the:
Advancement of the Orthodox Jewish Religion:
1) Providing resources, facilities, and opportunities for religious study, practice, and engagement in accordance with the law of England and Wales,
2) Sustaining and administering a Kollel in England as a centre for advanced Jewish learning and community enrichment.
Maintenance and Operation of a Kollel:
1) Organising daily study sessions, lectures, and seminars on Jewish religious texts, traditions, and values,
2) Offering access to libraries, resources, and educational materials for scholars, students, and community members.
Relief of Poverty:
1) Alleviating poverty and providing assistance to individuals and families in need through the provision of grants, services, and support programs,
2) Assessing and responding to applications for financial assistance from those facing economic hardship or crisis situations,
3) Monitoring and evaluating the impact of grant-funded projects and initiatives to ensure effective allocation of resources.
Religious Study Programs:
- 1) Hosting shiurim on Orthodox Jewish teachings,
2) Promoting lifelong learning and spiritual growth through engaging lectures, discussions, and cultural events.
Strategic report
The following sections for achievements and performance and financial review form the strategic report of the charity.
Achievements and performance
During the year, the charity received £92,848 (2022 - £7,251) in donation. Charitable expenditure was £89,077 significantly higher than last year in line with the increase in income.
The charity continued distribution of its charitable funds in accordance with its objectives of advancing the Orthodox Jewish religion through provision of facilities for religious study and operation of a Kollel. Additionally, the charity also helped relive financial hardship through the provision of grants made to individuals.
There was an overall net surplus in resources during the year amounting to £3,771.
Public benefit
The trustees confirm that they have referred to the guidance contained in the Charity Commission's general guidance on public benefit when reviewing the charity's aims and objectives and in planning future activities and setting grant making policy for the year.
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Trustees' Annual Report (Incorporating the Director's Report) (continued)
Year ended 31 March 2023
Financial review
The trustees have assessed the major risks to which the charity is exposed, in particular those related to the operations and finances of the Trust and are satisfied that systems are in place to manage the charity's exposure to those risks.
The trustees aim to maintain free reserves in unrestricted funds at a level which equates to approximately three months of unrestricted charitable expenditure and they feel fortunate in having been able to maintain that level of reserves.
The trustees' annual report and the strategic report were approved on 25 January 2024 and signed on behalf of the board of trustees by:
S Rosenbaum Trustee
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Independent Examiner's Report to the Trustees of KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Year ended 31 March 2023
I report to the trustees on my examination of the financial statements of KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD ('the charity') for the year ended 31 March 2023.
Responsibilities and basis of report
As the trustees of the company (and also its directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 ('the 2006 Act’).
Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the company are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of the charity’s accounts as carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 (‘the 2011 Act’). In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act.
Independent examiner's statement
I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe:
-
accounting records were not kept in respect of the charity as required by section 386 of the 2006 Act; or
-
the financial statements do not accord with those records; or
-
the financial statements do not comply with the accounting requirements of section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a ‘true and fair' view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination; or
-
the financial statements have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102).
I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.
D Pollak Independent Examiner 158 Cromwell Road Salford M6 6DE
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Statement of Financial Activities (including income and expenditure account)
Year ended 31 March 2023
| 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrestricted | ||||
| funds | Total funds | Total funds | ||
| Note | £ | £ | £ | |
| Income and endowments | ||||
| Donations and legacies | 5 | 92,848 | 92,848 | 7,251 |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | ||
| Total income | 92,848 | 92,848 | 7,251 | |
| ============================ | ============================ | ======================= | ||
| Expenditure | ||||
| Expenditure on raising funds: | ||||
| Costs of raising donations and legacies | 6 | 12,069 | 12,069 | 2,602 |
| Expenditure on charitable activities | 7,8 | 77,008 | 77,008 | 4,047 |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | ||
| Total expenditure | 89,077 | 89,077 | 6,649 | |
| ============================ | ============================ | ======================= | ||
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | ||
| Net income and net movement in funds | 3,771 | 3,771 | 602 | |
| ============================ | ============================ | ======================= | ||
| Reconciliation of funds | ||||
| Total funds brought forward | 602 | 602 | – | |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | ||
| Total funds carried forward | 4,373 | 4,373 | 602 | |
| ============================ | ============================ | ======================= |
The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year. All income and expenditure derive from continuing activities.
The notes on pages 8 to 15 form part of these financial statements.
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Statement of Financial Position
31 March 2023
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Note | £ | £ | |
| Fixed assets | |||
| Tangible fixed assets | 15 | 280 | – |
| Current assets | |||
| Debtors | 16 | 560 | – |
| Cash at bank and in hand | 4,073 | 1,022 | |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | ||
| 4,633 | 1,022 | ||
| Creditors: amounts falling due within one year | 17 | 540 | 420 |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | ||
| Net current assets | 4,093 | 602 | |
| ----------------------- | -------------- | ||
| Total assets less current liabilities | 4,373 | 602 | |
| ======================= | ============== | ||
| Funds of the charity | |||
| Unrestricted funds | 4,373 | 602 | |
| ----------------------- | -------------- | ||
| Total charity funds | 18 | 4,373 | 602 |
| ======================= | ============== |
For the year ending 31 March 2023 the charity was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.
Directors' responsibilities:
-
The members have not required the company to obtain an audit of its financial statements for the year in question in accordance with section 476;
-
The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Act with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial statements.
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies' regime.
These financial statements were approved by the board of trustees and authorised for issue on 25 January 2024, and are signed on behalf of the board by:
S Rosenbaum Trustee
The notes on pages 8 to 15 form part of these financial statements.
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Statement of Cash Flows
Year ended 31 March 2023
| 2023 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| £ | £ | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||
| Net income | 3,771 | 602 |
| Adjustments for: | ||
| Depreciation of tangible fixed assets | 70 | – |
| Interest payable and similar charges | 4 | – |
| Changes in: | ||
| Trade and other debtors | (560) | – |
| Trade and other creditors | 120 | 420 |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | |
| Cash generated from operations | 3,405 | 1,022 |
| Interest paid | (4) | – |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | |
| Net cash from operating activities | 3,401 | 1,022 |
| ======================= | ======================= | |
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||
| Purchase of tangible assets | (350) | – |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (350) | – |
| ======================= | ======================= | |
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 3,051 | 1,022 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 1,022 | – |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 4,073 | 1,022 |
| ======================= | ======================= |
The notes on pages 8 to 15 form part of these financial statements.
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Notes to the Financial Statements
Year ended 31 March 2023
1. General information
The charity is a public benefit entity and a private company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales and a registered charity in England and Wales. The address of the registered office is 158 Cromwell Road, Salford, M6 6DE.
2. Statement of compliance
These financial statements have been prepared in compliance with FRS 102, 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland', the Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (Charities SORP (FRS 102)) and the Companies Act 2006.
3. Accounting policies
Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, as modified by the revaluation of certain financial assets and liabilities and investment properties measured at fair value through income or expenditure.
The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the entity.
Going concern
There are no material uncertainties about the charity's ability to continue.
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. These estimates and judgements are continually reviewed and are based on experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
Fund accounting
Unrestricted funds are available for use at the discretion of the trustees to further any of the charity's purposes.
Designated funds are unrestricted funds earmarked by the trustees for particular future project or commitment.
Restricted funds are subjected to restrictions on their expenditure declared by the donor or through the terms of an appeal, and fall into one of two sub-classes: restricted income funds or endowment funds.
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
Year ended 31 March 2023
3. Accounting policies (continued)
Incoming resources
All incoming resources are included in the statement of financial activities when entitlement has passed to the charity; it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the charity and the amount can be reliably measured. The following specific policies are applied to particular categories of income:
-
income from donations or grants is recognised when there is evidence of entitlement to the gift, receipt is probable and its amount can be measured reliably.
-
legacy income is recognised when receipt is probable and entitlement is established.
-
income from donated goods is measured at the fair value of the goods unless this is impractical to measure reliably, in which case the value is derived from the cost to the donor or the estimated resale value. Donated facilities and services are recognised in the accounts when received if the value can be reliably measured. No amounts are included for the contribution of general volunteers.
-
income from contracts for the supply of services is recognised with the delivery of the contracted service. This is classified as unrestricted funds unless there is a contractual requirement for it to be spent on a particular purpose and returned if unspent, in which case it may be regarded as restricted.
Resources expended
Expenditure is recognised on an accruals basis as a liability is incurred. Expenditure includes any VAT which cannot be fully recovered, and is classified under headings of the statement of financial activities to which it relates:
-
expenditure on raising funds includes the costs of all fundraising activities, events, non-charitable trading activities, and the sale of donated goods.
-
expenditure on charitable activities includes all costs incurred by a charity in undertaking activities that further its charitable aims for the benefit of its beneficiaries, including those support costs and costs relating to the governance of the charity apportioned to charitable activities.
-
other expenditure includes all expenditure that is neither related to raising funds for the charity nor part of its expenditure on charitable activities.
All costs are allocated to expenditure categories reflecting the use of the resource. Direct costs attributable to a single activity are allocated directly to that activity. Shared costs are apportioned between the activities they contribute to on a reasonable, justifiable and consistent basis.
Tangible assets
Tangible assets are initially recorded at cost, and subsequently stated at cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Any tangible assets carried at revalued amounts are recorded at the fair value at the date of revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses.
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
Year ended 31 March 2023
3. Accounting policies (continued)
Tangible assets (continued)
An increase in the carrying amount of an asset as a result of a revaluation, is recognised in other recognised gains and losses, unless it reverses a charge for impairment that has previously been recognised as expenditure within the statement of financial activities. A decrease in the carrying amount of an asset as a result of revaluation, is recognised in other recognised gains and losses, except to which it offsets any previous revaluation gain, in which case the loss is shown within other recognised gains and losses on the statement of financial activities.
Depreciation
Depreciation is calculated so as to write off the cost or valuation of an asset, less its residual value, over the useful economic life of that asset as follows:
Plant and machinery
- 20% reducing balance
Impairment of fixed assets
A review for indicators of impairment is carried out at each reporting date, with the recoverable amount being estimated where such indicators exist. Where the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset is impaired accordingly. Prior impairments are also reviewed for possible reversal at each reporting date.
For the purposes of impairment testing, when it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, an estimate is made of the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. The cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets that includes the asset and generates cash inflows that largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets.
For impairment testing of goodwill, the goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the charity are assigned to those units.
Financial instruments
A financial asset or a financial liability is recognised only when the charity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at the amount receivable or payable including any related transaction costs.
Current assets and current liabilities are subsequently measured at the cash or other consideration expected to be paid or received and not discounted.
Debt instruments are subsequently measured at amortised cost.
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
Year ended 31 March 2023
3. Accounting policies (continued)
Financial instruments (continued)
Where investments in shares are publicly traded or their fair value can otherwise be measured reliably, the investment is subsequently measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in income and expenditure. All other such investments are subsequently measured at cost less impairment.
Other financial instruments, including derivatives, are initially recognised at fair value, unless payment for an asset is deferred beyond normal business terms or financed at a rate of interest that is not a market rate, in which case the asset is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument.
Other financial instruments are subsequently measured at fair value, with any changes recognised in the statement of financial activities, with the exception of hedging instruments in a designated hedging relationship.
Financial assets that are measured at cost or amortised cost are reviewed for objective evidence of impairment at the end of each reporting date. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is recognised under the appropriate heading in the statement of financial activities in which the initial gain was recognised.
For all equity instruments regardless of significance, and other financial assets that are individually significant, these are assessed individually for impairment. Other financial assets are either assessed individually or grouped on the basis of similar credit risk characteristics.
Any reversals of impairment are recognised immediately, to the extent that the reversal does not result in a carrying amount of the financial asset that exceeds what the carrying amount would have been had the impairment not previously been recognised.
4. Limited by guarantee
The organisation is a charitable company limited by guarantee, in the event of the company being wound up members are required to contribute an amount not exceeding £10.
5. Donations and legacies
| Unrestricted | Total Funds | Unrestricted | Total Funds | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Funds | 2023 | Funds | 2022 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Donations | ||||
| Donations | 92,848 | 92,848 | 7,251 | 7,251 |
| ============================ | ============================ | ======================= | ======================= |
6. Costs of raising donations and legacies
| Unrestricted | Total Funds | Unrestricted | Total Funds | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Funds | 2023 | Funds | 2022 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Costs of raising donations and | ||||
| legacies | 12,069 | 12,069 | 2,602 | 2,602 |
| ============================ | ============================ | ======================= | ======================= |
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
Year ended 31 March 2023
7. Expenditure on charitable activities by fund type
| Unrestricted | Total Funds | Unrestricted | Total Funds | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Funds | 2023 | Funds | 2022 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Charitable activity | 75,181 | 75,181 | 3,306 | 3,306 |
| Support costs | 1,827 | 1,827 | 741 | 741 |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------- | |
| 77,008 | 77,008 | 4,047 | 4,047 | |
| ============================ | ============================ | ======================= | ======================= |
8. Expenditure on charitable activities by activity type
| Activities | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| undertaken | Grant funding |
Support | Total funds | Total fund | |
| directly | of activities | costs | 2023 | 2022 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Charitable activity | 10,886 | 64,295 | 1,257 | 76,438 | 3,627 |
| Governance costs | – | – | 570 | 570 | 420 |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | |
| 10,886 | 64,295 | 1,827 | 77,008 | 4,047 | |
| ============================ | ============================ | ======================= | ============================ | ======================= |
9. Analysis of support costs
| Analysis of | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| support costs | Total 2023 | Total 2022 | |
| £ | £ | £ | |
| General office | 1,183 | 1,183 | 321 |
| Finance costs | 4 | 4 | – |
| Governance costs | 570 | 570 | 420 |
| Depreciation | 70 | 70 | – |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- | |
| 1,827 | 1,827 | 741 | |
| ======================= | ======================= | ============== | |
| Analysis of grants | |||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| £ | £ | ||
| Grants to institutions | |||
| Beth Midrash Lemoro | 2,600 | – | |
| Beis Hamedrash Hachodosh | 9,350 | – | |
| Ohr Yisroel | 2,000 | – | |
| ---------------------------- | -------------- | ||
| 13,950 | – | ||
| Grants to individuals | |||
| Grants to individuals | 50,345 | 1,576 | |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | ||
| Total grants | 64,295 | 1,576 | |
| ============================ | ======================= |
10. Analysis of grants
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
Year ended 31 March 2023
11. Net income
| Net income is stated after charging/(crediting): | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| £ | £ | ||
| Depreciation of tangible fixed assets | 70 | – | |
| ============== | ============== | ||
| 12. | Independent examination fees | ||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| £ | £ | ||
| Fees payable to the independent examiner for: | |||
| Independent examination of the financial statements | 570 | 420 | |
| ============== | ============== | ||
| 13. | Staff costs | ||
| The total staff costs and employee benefits for the reporting period are analysed as | follows: | ||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| £ | £ | ||
| Wages and salaries | 5,963 | – | |
| ======================= | ============== | ||
| The average head count of employees during the year was 3 (2022: 3). |
No employee received employee benefits of more than £60,000 during the year (2022: Nil).
14. Trustee remuneration and expenses
No remuneration or other benefits from employment with the charity or a related entity were received by the trustees.
15. Tangible fixed assets
| Plant and | |
|---|---|
| machinery | |
| £ | |
| Cost | |
| At 1 April 2022 | – |
| Additions | 350 |
| -------------- | |
| At 31 March 2023 | 350 |
| ============== | |
| Depreciation | |
| At 1 April 2022 | – |
| Charge for the year | 70 |
| -------------- | |
| At 31 March 2023 | 70 |
| ============== | |
| Carrying amount | |
| At 31 March 2023 | 280 |
| ============== | |
| At 31 March 2022 | – |
| ============== |
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
Year ended 31 March 2023
| 16. | Debtors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||
| £ | £ | ||||
| Other debtors | 560 | – | |||
| ============== | ============== | ||||
| 17. | Creditors: amounts falling due within | one year | |||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||
| £ | £ | ||||
| Other creditors | 540 | 420 | |||
| ============== | ============== | ||||
| 18. | Analysis of charitable funds | ||||
| Unrestricted funds | |||||
| At | At | ||||
| 1 April 2022 | Income | Expenditure | 31 March 23 | ||
| £ | £ | £ | £ | ||
| General funds | 602 | 92,848 | (89,077) | 4,373 | |
| ============== | ============================ | ============================ | ======================= | ||
| At | At | ||||
| 1 April 2021 | Income | Expenditure | 31 March 22 | ||
| £ | £ | £ | £ | ||
| General funds | – | 7,251 | (6,649) | 602 | |
| ============== | ======================= | ======================= | ============== | ||
| 19. | Analysis of net assets between funds | ||||
| Unrestricted | Total Funds | ||||
| Funds | 2023 | ||||
| £ | £ | ||||
| Tangible fixed assets | 280 | 280 | |||
| Current assets | 4,633 | 4,633 | |||
| Creditors less than 1 year | (540) | (540) | |||
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | ||||
| Net assets | 4,373 | 4,373 | |||
| ======================= | ======================= | ||||
| Unrestricted | Total Funds | ||||
| Funds | 2022 | ||||
| £ | £ | ||||
| Tangible fixed assets | – | – | |||
| Current assets | 1,022 | 1,022 | |||
| Creditors less than 1 year | (420) | (420) | |||
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | ||||
| Net assets | 602 | 602 | |||
| ======================= | ======================= |
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KOLLEL KINYAN HASHAS LTD
Company Limited by Guarantee
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
Year ended 31 March 2023
20. Analysis of changes in net debt
| At | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At | 1 | Apr 2022 | Cash flows | 31 Mar 2023 | |
| £ | £ | £ | |||
| Cash at bank and in hand | 1,022 | 3,051 | 4,073 | ||
| ======================= | ======================= | ======================= |
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