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2024-10-31-accounts

Charity Registration No. 1191983

SHIFFA

(A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

CONTENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Pages
Legal and Administrative Information 2
Trustees’ Report 3 - 8
Independent Examiner’s Report 9 - 10
Statement of Financial Activities 11
Balance Sheet 12
Cash Flow Statement 13
Notes to the Financial Statements 14 - 20

1

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Trustees Aisha Musarrat Ahmed Chair
Tahmanna Khanam Choudhury
Razwana Akhtar
Ismaeel Mohammad
Khalid Yaqub
Principal Address 576 Coventry Road
Small Heath
Birmingham
B10 0UN
Charity Number 1191983
Independent Examiner Mohammad Ansari
Ansari & Co – Charity Accountants & Consultants
Kings Court
17 School Road
Birmingham
B28 8JG
Bankers Barclays Bank Plc
Leicester
LE87 2BB

2

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

The Trustees present their report and financial statements for the year ended 31 October 2024. The Trustees confirm that the Annual report and financial statements of the charity comply with the current statutory requirements, the requirements of the charity's governing document and the provisions of the Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP) "Accounting and Reporting by Charities" applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 01 January 2019).

Structure, governance and management

Governing document/Constitution

The organisation is a Charitable Incorporated Organisation (CIO). The charity was established by Constitution signed on 20 September 2020 and registered with the Charity Commission on 26 October 2020, under number 1191983.

Tax status

The charity is registered as a CIO and is therefore exempt from corporation tax and income tax.

Recruitment and training of trustees

The Board of Trustees currently consists of five members who were recruited due to their commitment and expertise. Role descriptions, where applicable, are issued to each Trustee and a full induction is given setting out the obligations of a Trustee. The list of current Trustees can be found on page 2 of this document.

Organisational structure

The Charity is principally based in Birmingham but works primarily in Pakistan to deliver its projects. The Trustees are responsible for the governance of the Charity, and the day-to-day management is performed by the Trustees and volunteers.

Key risks and uncertainties

The Trustees actively review the major risks which the Charity faces on a regular basis, in particular those relating to its operations and finances. They are satisfied that systems are in place to mitigate the charity’s exposure to the major risks. The risk management strategy comprises:

The strategy is reviewed regularly by the Trustees.

3

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Aims, objectives and activities

Aims, objectives and intended impacts

Objects:

“The prevention or relief of poverty, sickness or financial hardship, anywhere in the world, as an expression of our Islamic faith, by providing or assisting all, irrespective of faith, in the provision of food aid, education, training, healthcare projects, disaster and the effects of war relief, all the necessary support designed to enable individuals to generate a sustainable income and be self-sufficient, and any other avenue deemed suitable through: grants, items and services to individuals in need and/or charities or other organisations working to meet these aims.”

Public benefit statement

The section of this report above entitled ‘Aims, objectives and activities’ sets out the aims and priorities of the Charity. The Trustees have considered this matter, in conjunction with the guidance contained in the Charity Commission’s general guidance on public benefit, and have concluded:

Review of achievements and performance for the period

SHIFFA 2024 Highlights:-

Education & Care

Expanded Jamiah Anayah (JA) School with a second solar phase and solar installations at the orphans’ building. JA School enhanced learning spaces with smart boards, projectors, and additional Classrooms; extended staffing to support K–KS4 cohorts.

Safer, dedicated housing planned for older orphan boys to ease transitions from the main building. Childcare facilities established at JA to support community women and JA staff.

4

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Review of achievements and performance for the period (cont.)

Health, Welfare & Community Support

Water security: installation of a water tube well to support land projects and poor farmers.

Health care: new Health Care Fund to assist those in need and a Zakah Fund to support widows.

Orphan support: ongoing education, health, and care for children; increased recruitment to meet growing needs.

Infrastructure & Capacity

Additional air conditioning and furnishings across classes; JA classes equipped with smart technology.

Cambridge School: application advanced to the first two stages.

SHIFFA’s 2024 performance reflects a disciplined progression across education, welfare, and community resilience, with strategic investments designed to yield sustainable impact. Key achievements include the expansion of solar infrastructure and reliable water access, underpinning both school operations and agricultural livelihoods. The Jamiah Anayah School’s second solar phase and the solar installations at the orphans’ building reduced energy discomfort and supported ongoing learning in a sustainable manner. A water tube well was installed to facilitate land projects and provide dependable water access for poor farmers, strengthening food security and community livelihoods.

In educational and care domains, SHIFFA continued to scale its support for vulnerable children. Saif House construction commenced to offer a stable living environment for older boys transitioning from the main building, while orphan education, health, and care remained central to our mission. The JA School broadened its community impact by creating childcare facilities for local women and JA staff, enabling more families to participate in and support ongoing education. To accommodate rising demand, additional recruitments were made, and the school expanded its capacity across all cohorts from Kindergarten through KS4, with enhanced facilities, including smart boards, projectors, better air conditioning, and expanded furnishings.

Financial and institutional resilience were strengthened through targeted funds and accreditation efforts. A healthcare fund and a Zakah fund were established to support the needy and widows, respectively, while the Cambridge School application progressed to the first two stages, signalling a commitment to high academic standards and international recognition.

Looking forward to 2025, SHIFFA intends to consolidate gains and broaden impact. Plans include housing for older orphan boys in a dedicated building, and the initiation of a Health Care Centre to increase access to essential services. The Pro-skills programme will empower young girls with practical skills — sewing, arts and crafts, cooking, baking, computer literacy, and public speaking — to enhance employability and self-reliance.

5

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Review of achievements and performance for the period (cont.)

Agricultural projects are also slated to generate revenue streams that will sustain SHIFFA’s programs long term, ensuring continued support for education, health, and livelihoods across our initiatives. This integrated approach aims to strengthen community resilience, improve quality of life, and scale SHIFFA’s model in line with our mission.

SHIFFA UK: Continued Commitment to Global and Local Disaster Response (2024)

SHIFFA UK reaffirms its global mission to support disaster-affected areas by collaborating with partner charities, including UK Aid. In 2024, SHIFFA dispatched aid to flood-stricken regions and to Palestine/Gaza, illustrating our readiness to respond to emergent humanitarian needs wherever they arise.

Locally, SHIFFA UK remains active in alleviating hunger and poverty. The organisation is invoked to provide:-

SHIFFA UK also prioritizes protection and support for vulnerable groups, with dedicated efforts to assist vulnerable children and women who are at risk or experiencing hardship.

Keys risks and uncertainties

The Trustees actively review the major risks which the Charity faces on a regular basis, in particular those relating to its operations and finances. They are satisfied that systems are in place to mitigate the charity’s exposure to the major risks. The risk management strategy comprises:

The strategy will be reviewed regularly by the Trustees.

6

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Financial review

Principal sources of funding

The principal source of funding for the Charity is from individual donors. Voluntary donations received in the period amounted to £94,720 (2023-24: £88,624). Costs were kept under rigid control during the period and monitored regularly.

Reserves Policy

The Charity holds unrestricted funds which have been provided to the charity via donations and charitable activities. Under the terms of the donations, the charity must retain the assets in perpetuity and can only use the income to support its charitable activities.

The unrestricted funds represent income earned but not yet utilised in supporting charitable activities. At 31 October 2024, the charity held reserves of £2,996 (2023: £6,081) as unrestricted and undesignated free reserves. Restricted reserves at the end of the year amount to £3,031 (2023: £2,428).

Going Concern

The Charity reported a cash outflow for the year of £2,832 (2023: outflow of £9,528) and expects to make an inflow in 2024-25. Despite the low funds total, due to having no legal commitments to fund any projects, having no employees nor other admin costs commitments, and after making further appropriate enquiries and gaining assurances over income levels, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and at least the next 12 months from the date of signing these accounts, as required. For this reason, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

Future plans

2025 Priorities:-

7

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Statement of Trustees’ responsibilities

The Trustees are required to prepare financial statements for each financial year in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Charity and the incoming resources and application of resources, including the net income and expenditure for the year. In preparing those financial statements, the Trustees are required to:

The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Charity and which enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Charity (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 and all other applicable law. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Accounts preparation

The Trustees confirm that the accounts comply with current statutory requirements, and with those of the governing instrument.

This report was approved by the Trustees on 30 August 2025 and signed on their behalf, by:

Aisha Musarrat Ahmed

Trustee

8

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER’S REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Independent examiner’s report to the Trustees of SHIFFA

I report on the financial statements of the charity for the period ended 31 October 2024 which are set out on pages 9 to 20.

This report is made solely to the charity’s Trustees, as a body, in accordance with section 145 and the regulations made under section 154 of the Charities Act 2011. My work has been undertaken so that I might state to the charity’s trustees those matters I am required to state to them in an independent examiner’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, I do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charity and the charity’s trustees as a body, for my work, for this report, or for the opinions I have formed.

Respective responsibilities of Trustees and Examiner

The Trustees are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements. The Trustees consider that an audit is not required for this period under section 144(2) of the Charities Act 2011 (the Act) and that an independent examination is needed.

Having satisfied myself that the company is not subject to audit under charity or company law and is eligible for independent examination, it is my responsibility to:

Basis of independent examiner’s report

My examination was carried out in accordance with the general directions given by the Charity Commission. An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and a comparison of the financial statements presented with those records. It also includes consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the financial statements, and seeks explanations from the Trustees, concerning any such matters. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would be required in an audit, and consequently I do not express an audit opinion on the view given by the financial statements.

9

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER’S REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Independent examiner’s statement

In the course of my examination, no matter has come to my attention :-

2) to which, in my opinion, attention should be drawn in order to enable a proper understanding of the financial statements to be reached.

Mohammad Ansari

Dated: 30 August 2025

Ansari & Co – Charity Accountants & Consultants Kings Court, 17 School Road Birmingham B28 8JG

10

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Unrestricted Restricted
Total		 Unrestricted Restricted Total
Funds Funds 2024 Funds Funds 2023
Note £ £ £ £ £ £
Income from:
Donations and legacies 2 32,632 62,088 94,720 16,894 71,730 88,624
_ _ __ __ __ _
Total income 32,632 62,088 94,720 16,894 71,730 88,624
_ _ __ __ __ _
Expenditure on:
Raising funds 3 - - - 1,282 -
1,282
Charitable activities 4 3,560 93,642 97,202 2,462 76,506 78,968
_ _ __ __ __ _
Total expenditure 3,560 93,642 97,202 3,744 76,506 80,250
_ _ __ __ __ _
Net income/(expenditure)
before transfer 29,072 (31,554) (2,482) 13,150 (4,776)
8,374
Transfers between funds (32,157) 32,157 -
(7,204)		 7,204
_ _ __ __ __ _
Net movement in funds (3,085) 603 (2,482) 5,946 2,428 8,374
Reconciliation of funds
Total funds brought forward 6,081 2,428 8,509 135 - 135
_ _ __ __ __ _
Total funds carried forward 7 2,996 3,031 6,027 6,081 2,428 8,509
_ _ __
__		 __ _

The notes on pages 14 to 20 form part of these financial statements.

11

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

2024 2023
Note £ £ £ £
Current assets
Cash at bank and in-hand 10 6,827 9,659
__ __
Liabilities
Creditors: Amounts falling due
within one year 6 800 1,150
__ __
Net current assets 6,027 8,509
__ __
Net assets 6,027 8,509
__ __
Funds
Unrestricted funds: General reserve 7 2,996 6,081
Restricted funds 7 3,031 2,428
__ __
8 6,027 8,509
__ __

The notes on pages 14 to 20 form part of these financial statements.

The financial statements were approved by the Trustees on 30 August 2025 & signed on their behalf, by:

Aisha Musarrat Ahmed Trustee

12

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Note 2024
2023
£ £
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by operating activities 11 (2,832)
 9,524
__ __
Increase / (decrease) in cash & cash equivalents
in the reporting period (2,832)
 9,524
__ __
Cash & cash equivalents at the beginning of
the reporting period 9,659 135
__ __
Cash & cash equivalents at the end of the
reporting period 12 6,827 9,659
__ __

The notes on pages 14 to 20 form part of these financial statements.

13

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

1. Accounting policies

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019) - (Charities SORP (FRS 102)), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006.

The Charity meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy.

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

a) Incoming resources

Income includes the total funds received during the period and comprises donations collected directly or by volunteers and income from fundraising events. Income is recognised in the period in which the charity is entitled to receipt and the amount can be measured with reasonable certainty.

Income tax reclaimable under the Gift Aid Scheme is recognised on an accruals basis once income is considered probable.

Donors are given the option to restrict their donation when it is made. Any Gift Aid claimed on restricted donations is classed as unrestricted income.

b) Resources expended and basis of allocation

Expenditure is included when incurred and has been shown in the Statement of Financial Activities inclusive of non-recoverable Value Added Tax.

Expenditure on operational programmes is recognised in the period in which it is incurred.

Currently all costs are directly attributable to specific activities, but where required, certain shared costs will be apportioned to general funds and activities in furtherance of the objects of the Charity.

14

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

1. Accounting policies (cont.)

c ) Funds accounting

Funds held by the charity are:

Unrestricted funds - These are funds which can be used in accordance with the charitable objects at the discretion of the Trustees.

Designated funds – These are unrestricted funds earmarked by the trustees for particular purposes.

Restricted funds – These are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by donors or which have been raised by the company for particular purposes. The costs of raising and administering such funds are charged against the specific fund.

d) Cash at bank and in hand

Cash at bank and in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.

e) Judgements in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In preparing the Financial Statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions which affect reported income, expenses, assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Use of available information and application of judgement are inherent in the formation of estimates, together with expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results in the future could differ from such estimates.

The Trustees consider that there are no significant areas of key judgement or estimation uncertainty other than those identified in the accounting policies above.

2. Donations and legacies

Unrestricted Restricted Total Total
Funds Funds Funds Funds
2024 2024 2024 2023
£ £ £ £
Voluntary donations (see note 7) 32,632 62,088 94,720 88,624
___ ___ ___ ___
32,632 62,088 94,720 88,624
___ ___ ___ ___

15

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

3. Raising funds

Unrestricted Restricted Total Total
Funds Funds Funds Funds
2024 2024 2024 2023
£ £ £ £
Fundraising events - - - 772
Marketing - - - 510
___ ___ ___ ___
- - - 1,282
___ ___ ___ ___
4. Charitable activities - costs
Unrestricted Restricted Total Total
Funds Funds Funds Funds
2024 2024 2024 2023
£ £ £ £
Projects costs and grants (see note 7) 200 93,642 93,842 76,506
IT and website costs 1,748 - 1,748 1,096
Bank charges 142 - 142 21
Legal & professional 1,470 - 1,470 1,150
___ ___ ___ ___
3,560 93,642 97,202 78,968
___ ___ ___ ___

5. Staff & Trustees costs

There were no employees in the period. During the period £Nil of expenses were incurred for the reimbursement of Trustees’ expenses, and £Nil in the prior year also. The Trustees received no other remuneration in the period.

16

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

6. Creditors

Amounts owing within one year


Accruals
7. Statement of funds
Restricted funds
Nur ul Ain Orphanage
Jamiyah Anaya Academy
Nur ul Ain Medical Centre
Saif House & Thaqwa Masjid
Emergency & Disaster Relief
Zakah funds

Qurbani

Total restricted funds

Unrestricted funds
General reserve


Total funds
Brought
forward
£
953
-
-
-
1,475
-
-
_
2,428
_
6,081
__
8,509
**__ **
Incoming
resources
£
14,778
11,314
1,500
-
8,500
23,054
2,942
_
62,088
_
32,632
__
94,720
__

Resources
expended
£
(12,900)
(31,063)
(1,900)
(25,298)
(16,114)
(3,425)
(2,942)
_
(93,642)
_
(3,560)
___
(97,202)
___		 2024
£
800
_
800
___
Fund
transfers
£
-
19,749
400
25,298
6,139
(19,629)
-
_
32,157
___
(32,157)
___
-
___		 2023
£
1,150
_
1,150
___
Carried
forward
£
2,831
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
3,031
___
2,996
___
6,027
___

17

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Restricted Project Descriptions

Nur ul Ain Orphanage

Nur ul Ain Sharif Trust (in partnership with SHIFFA) built an Orphanage in Kotla, rural North Punjab, Pakistan. It is a small institution with a great vision. We provide a caring and safe environment for the children to develop their confidence and self-esteem to become good citizens. Every penny you donate will go directly towards your child’s provision, education, nurture and care at Nur ul Ain Sharif Trust. Zakat funds donated to the charity are also spent on this project.

Jamiyah Anaya Academy

The Jamiyah Anayah Academy now completed is used as an institution for underprivileged young ladies and orphans. It provides them with high level contemporary college education they need along with knowledge of the world in a true Islamic ethos. The building is a multi-functional space that serves as an educational and residential facility for the young orphan and needy ladies. There is a wide range of spaces from lecture theatres through to private study areas. We intend to equip the Jamia with modern technology which will enhance the learning experience. Zakat funds donated to the charity are also spent on this project.

Nur ul Ain Medical Centre

Land has been acquired to build a healthcare facility in Kotla, rural North Punjab, Pakistan, as a sister project to Nur ul Ain Orphanage and is intended to include: pharmacy, clinics and gynaecology facilities for local women who are currently forced to travel to neighbouring cities for healthcare, putting their lives at risk. The healthcare facility is to provide quality medical care at affordable costs and users will be means tested and where applicable will be provided with free medical care.

Saif House & Thaqwa Masjid

Saif House & adjoining Thaqwa masjid is being constructed to offer a stable living environment for older boys transitioning from the main building, who need facilities specifically designed for them.

Emergency Disaster Relief

The charity sometimes collects funds to help in times of disasters, for instance, it has collected to aid relief efforts after the Pakistan Floods and in Turkey after the Earthquake in 2023. The current remaining funds are to further work on Pakistan Floods relief work and are expected to be utilised in the end of the 2024 financial year.

Zakah funds

The charity collects Zakat funds, which it then utilizes to cover the costs of Zakat-able projects like the Nur ul Ain Orphanage and Jamiah Anayah Academy.

Qurbani programme

The Charity performs Qurbani sacrifices in aid of the project beneficiaries is caters for during the Qurbani season of Eid ul Adha.

18

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

Restricted Project Descriptions (Cont.)

8. Analysis of net assets between funds

(a)
 Unrestricted Restricted Total
funds funds funds
£ £ £
Fund balances at 31 October 2024 are represented by:
Net current assets
 2,996 3,031 6,027
__ __ ___
Total funds
 2,996 3,031 6,027
__ ___ ___
(b)
 Unrestricted Restricted Total
funds funds funds
£ £ £
Fund balances at 31 October 2023 are represented by:
Net current assets
 6,081 2,428 8,509
__ __ ___
Total funds
 6,081 2,428 8,509
__ __ ___

9. Related parties

There were no related party transactions in the period.

10. Volunteers

The charity is entirely administered by volunteers in the UK and Pakistan. The Charity trustees recognise the vital work of its volunteers in helping to fulfil its mission and would like to thank everyone who helps make the projects of our charity possible through their donated time and resources.

19

SHIFFA (A CHARITABLE INCORPORATED ORGANISATION)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2024

_______________

11. Reconciliation of cash flows from operating activities

2024 2023
Net income / (expenditure) for the reporting period (2,482) 8,374
Increase / (decrease) in creditors (350) 1,150
___ ___
Net cash provided by operating activities (2,832) 9,524
___ ___
12. Analysis of cash and cash equivalents
2024 2023
£ £
Cash at bank and in hand 6,827 9,659
___ ___
Total of cash and cash equivalents 6,827 9,659
___ ___
12A. Analysis of changes in net debt
At start Cashflows At end
of year in year of year
£ £ £
Cash 9,659 (2,832) 6,827
___ ___ ___
9,659 (2,832) 6,827
___ ___ ___

20