Charity number: 1188884 Lawford Football Club Unaudited Trustees. report and financial statements For the period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024
Lawford Football Club Tfuslees, Report For the period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS Trustees Nicholas Anderson David Atton Lloyd Bellett John Duchars, Chair Susanne Grimwade (resigned 28 September 20231 Michael La Michelle Macrae Daniel Sage Mark Simons Iresigned 15 January 20241 Carl lte Regislored Charlty Number 1188884 Prlncipal Addrgss School Lane, Lawford, Manningtree, Essex, C0112HZ Bankers Barclays Bank, 9 High Stree( Colchester, Essex, C01 1 DA Independent Examiner Community360, Winsley's House, High Street. Colchester, Essex, C01 1 UG
Lavrtord Football Club Trustees, Report Forthe period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES Objectlves The charity's objectives are forthe benefit of the public generally, in particular the inhabitants of Lawford and its surrounding areas.. a} to advance the amateur sport of association football b} to promote communty participation in healthy recreation by providing facilrties for playing association football c) to provide and assist in providing facilities for sport, recreation and other leisure tirne occupation of people who have need of such facilities because of their youth. age, infirmity or disablement, poverty or social and economic circumstances or for the public al large in the interests of social welfare and with the object of improving their conditions of lrfe. Actlvities for achievlng objectives Lawford Football Club seeks to inspire and develop individuals of all ages to play and enjoy football to the best of their abilities. The charity seeks to make partlClP8tion in football available lo as many individuals as possible within the local communty. Central lo the ethos of the charity is that participation in football is a positive experience. The charity supports the development of players, encompassing both physical and mental wellbeing. There are three senior teams, including a women's team. The youth and junior section comprise fourteen teams, with ages ranging from U7s to U14s. In addition, the Club provides non-competilive training for boys from Reception to Year 2 and for gids from Reception to Year 3. Over 300 individuals are registered as members of the Club. Publlc Benefrt The Iruslees have paid due gard to guidance issued by the Charity Commission in deciding what acb'vities the charity should undertake. ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE First and foremost, the Club would like to highlight the sad loss of Dave Meakings, who was a rock at the Club. He did all tre rna1ntenan al the John Lyall Pavilion, goal repairs, car park organisation and site set-up for the toumaments held at School Lane. The list is endless. He was a lovely, unassuming man who never expected any thanks or praise, he just got on with it. We all miss him enormously. The 2023124 season was nevertheless a successful one once again. There were approximately 50 volunteers at the Club, and this had grown with the continuation of Fun Football and the increased number of teams. The trustees and the volunteers supported 17 teams and the Club owes a great debt of gratitude to every one of them. Special thanks to our Club secretaries, treasurers, and those maintsining the pitches and pavilion. They provided the stabilty, not recognised enough, for the Club lo thrive and grow from. Lawford Football Club had 4 affiliated sections.. Lads, Ladies, Junior and Gids. Each section was once again awarded the FA England Football Accredilalion. That demonstrated the continued high stsndards and safe provision of football opportunities al School Lane under l(s banner. Many thanks to the managers and coaches especially for maintsining the currency or obtaining the mandatory qualificab'ons
Lawford Football Club Trustees. Report For the period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 expected ofthem. Sadty, the under 16$ team folded mid-season and that broke the clear player pathway into senior football. It is an issue that will need to be resolved for the 2024125 season. The Club continued to be in a sound financial position and is extremely grateful for the financial support that was given in the 2023124 season, including several new team sponsors, highlighted on the Club website. This enabled regislrab'on costs to remain low and help promote the ethos of the Club, football opportunities for all. Several applications were submitted lo Football Foundation Schemes. and the Club received significant grants towards.. A new storage container New 7-a-side and 11-a-side youth goals A 6-year investment in the pitch maintenance at School Lane Gigaclear also become a sponsor and there is now full fibre high speed W-FI available in the pavilion. There were several focus areas sel atthe start ofthe 2023124 season which were achieved with notable successes. Michael Lace was a tireless drNing force, particularly with the Junior sessions, teams and toumaments. 11 Fun Football Sessions started again in September 2023, providing coaching for reception and school years 1-7 children. The number of volunteer eoaches has increased, particularly for the reptIon1yr1 age group. It is expected that 2x U7 teams be introduced in the 2024125 season from there. 21 A Football Fun Day IU6s- U9sl was run in July with 28 Teams c. 250 Players 31 A Girls Football Fun Day was run in Aug with 18 Teams c. 200 Players 41 For the 2023124 season the Club introduced a new U7$ and U9s team into league football. There were 3 girls, teams playing league football in the Essex County Gids League. 51 Player retention and growth was extremely good throughout the 2023124 season.. In the 2024125 season there are specific areas of continued focus required to deliver further aspects of the Club's 5-year football development plan as well as stability of the structure around the facilitation of football for the local community. There are several items already ongoing, with various initiatives. Some need lo be organised pre-season 2024125 and ongoing throughout it. 11 Development of Faciiffies a. Continue discussions with the Football Foundation and Essex County FA regarding the development of a scope 9-a-side or 7-a-side 3G pitch. However, a pivotal point has been reached, whether to continue with this aspiration or invest on other key Projects at School Lane. 21 Grow our volunteer base. a. Continue to encourage new volunteer5 to bring their good ideas forward. NEW TRUSTEES PROPOSED b. Encourage parenuguardian team reps. Organise a pre-season 'Code of Conduct, awareness session for all Club members. d. Re-eslablish pre-season and scheduled managerlcoach meetings. 31 Retain Players and Teams a. CRC checks and certifications for all Managerslcoaches irrespective of age group ONGOING REQUIREMENT b. Build an U18s Team lo ensure a clear player pathway into senior football. Back fill the U7s teams. COMPLETE d. Introduce advanced training sessions. e. Set-up holiday football camps. Set-up a mini tournament for U6-U9 Teams. ONGOING SCHEDULE g. Set-up disability sessions h. Encourage and fvnd Young CoacheslRefslAmbassadors. ONGOING
Lawford Football Club Trustees. Report For the period 1 June 2023 10 31 May 2024 41 A sociable Club More events- bringing all ages and sections together to feel as 'One' b. ApFK)intmenl of a fundraising OITicer There is a lol lo look forward to and hard work required in the coming months and 2024125 season ahead. FINANCIAL REVIEW Going concern After making appropriate enquiries, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason. they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. Flnancial perfomiance and position Footba15 activity continued to record strong growth al the charity. While income from mernberships for the senior section was broadly stsble, the youth and junior section demonstrated growth reffecling a combination of an increase in the annual membership fee and higher player numbers. Income from the provision of non-compelitive training was lower compared to the prior year given the impact of a shorter training season and cancellations due to poor weather. Lawford Ladies success in the eady rounds in the FA Cup resulted in a substantial increase in income from prize money, while the introduction of second five a-side tournament, for girls, teams, also had a positive impact. Ancillary income from food and drink sales increased supported by the growth in football activity. The charity benefitted from significant increase in grant income including several grants from the Football Foundation and a grant from Tendring District Council's Community Fund towards the development of an all-wealher playing facility. Grants from the Footb811 Foundation supported the purchase of a storage container and new goals. The Club also entered in a six-year grass pitch improvement programme, with significant financial support trom the Football Foundation. Overall, grant income increased from £1,880 to £28.068. The Barclay5 Community Fund supported the development of girls, coaches, while the Club is also grateful to Lawford Parish Council for a donation towards the installation of energy efficient lighting in the pavilion. Businesses that supported the charity through kit sponsorship included Rose Builders, Nalwesl, Stour Wndows, Colne Roofing & Cladding and Kala Executive. Gigaclear became a sponsor of the Club. contributing towards the purchase new goals and providing broadband services to the clubhouse. The charity is gralefvl to all the organisations and businesses that support its work. Totsl expenditure increased reflecting growth in the charity's acbvities and general price infiation. Notable areas of higher expenditu included pitch & building maintenance, the hire of Ihird-party facilities for winter training, match official and utility costs. Expenditure related lo the operation of the bar and coffee bar increased at a faster rate than sales reflecting higher fo(xl and drink costs. Overall, the charity recorded a surplus of £29,468 compared to a surplus of £4,495 for the previous financial year. Much of this increase re11ects the required treatment of grants in the charity's financial statements. While grant Inc()me is reflected as soon as the provision of grant is certain, the related expenditure is often reeognised over several subsequent years. The ¢harity continued to invest in equipment and facilities lo support its activities and maintains a strong relationship with Lawford Parish Counal, its landlord at School Lane. The charity's financial position remains secure.
Lavhord Football Club TfUStees' Report Forth8 period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 Reser4es policy The charity holds funds in reserve lo meet unexpected demands that may arise, foi example, it might have lo pay significant unexpected building maintenance costs, or if il had lo close the bar or kitchen for any reason, il would lose a significant source of income. In setting the required level of reserves, the trustees have considered.. The normal, current and expected levels of football-related activity. The condition and service history of the charity's premises and significant integral elements, for example, electrical, plumbing, heating, drainage and security systems. The nomial, current and planned Sevels of income TeceThied from ancillary activities including the sale of food and drinks. The policy of the charity is to hold reserves al a level equivalent lo beeen three and six month's ft)olball-related expenditure {lotal expenditure less expenditure related to ancillary activities). The level of reserves reouired is kept under review by the trustees. Based on the expected level of foolball-relaled activity for the next 12 months the trustees intend to rnainlain reserves of beeen £17.000 and £34,000. Funds held beyond this are designated towards the potential development of an all-wealher playing facility for use by the charity. STRUCTURE. GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT The Charity was incorporated on 2 April 2020 as a charitable incorporated organisalion ICIOI. It is governed by its constitution dated 23 September 2023. The trustees are elected by the members of the CIO under the terms of the constitution. The members or trustees may also at any time decide lo appoint a new trustee. A person appointed by the trustees shall retire at the annual general meeting after his or her appointment_ The minimum number of trustees is 3 and the maximum is 12. The management of the charity is the responsibility of the trustees. John Duchars Chairman
Lawford Football Club Independent examiners, report For the period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 I report on the accounts of Lawford Football Club for the year ended 31 May 2024 which are set out on pages 8 to 17. Respertive responsibilitie5 of trustees and examiner The Charivs Trustees are responsible for the preparation of the accounts. The CharitWs Trustees consider that an audit is not required for this year lunder section 144 {21 of the Charities Act 2011 (The Act) but that an independent examination is needed. It is my responsibility to= Examine the accounts under section 145 of the Charities Act. To follow the procedures laid down in the General Directions given by the Charity Commissioners (under section 14515llbl of the Charitie5 Act, and To state whether particular matters have come to my attention. Basis of independent examinerfs Statement My examination wa5 carried out in accordance with the General Directions given by the Charity Commissioners. An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the Charity and a comparison of the accounts presented with those records. It also include5 considerations of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and seeking explanations from you as trustees concerning any such matters. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would be required in an audit and consequently I do not express an audit opinion on the view given by the accounts. Independent examinerfs statement In the course of my examination, no material matters have come to my attention which gives me cause to believe that in, any material respect: the accounting records were not kept in accordance with section 130 of the Charities Act- or the accounts did not accord with the accounting records- or the accounts did not comply with the applicable requirements concerning the form and content of the accounts set out in the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 other than any requirement that the accounts give a true and fair, view which is not a matter conSided as part of an independent examination. I have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper Lknderstanding of the account5 to be reached. Shelley-marie Rudling FMAAT A4TQB for and on behalf of.. Community360 Winslews House, High Street, Colchester, Essex Date 2J Spt b 24,
Lawford Football Club Statoment of financial activities For the period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 Unrestricted Funds 2024 Rgstricted Funds 2024 Total Funds 2024 Total Funds 2023 Note Income from: Donations and legacies Charitable activities Other trading actrvities 2,076 87,210 5.643 2,076 115,278 12,719 3,422 73,563 9,011 28,OS8 7.076 Totsl Income 94.929 35.144 130,074 85,996 Expenditure on: Raising funds Charitable activities 12,8421 179,5201 12.8421 197,7641 11,9571 {79,5441 118,2451 Total expendlture {82,361} 118,245) 1100,6061 {81,5011 Net movement In funds 12,568 16,900 29,468 4,495 Rgconciliation of funds: Total fvnds brought forward Totsl funds carried forward 51,250 63,818 1,440 18,340 52.690 82,157 48,195 52,690 The notes on pages 1010 17 fom part of the financial statenients.
Lawlord Football Club Balancg sheet As at 31 May 2024 31-May 2024 31-May 2023 Note Fixed assets Tangible assets 11,756 4,744 Total fixed assets 11,756 4.744 Current assgts Stocks Debtors Cash at bank and in hand 1,554 482 69,542 1,556 232 47,166 Total current assets 71,578 48.955 Creditors". Amounts falling due within one year 10 11,1771 11,0091 Net current assets QT liabilities 70,401 47.946 Net assets 11 82,157 52,690 Funds Restricted funds 18,340 1,440 Unieslricled funds 63,818 51,250 Total funds 12 82,157 52.690 The notes on pages 10 10 17 form part of the financial statements. The financial statements were approved by the trustees on 1 September 2024. John Duchars Chairnian
Lawford Football Club Notes to the financial statements Forthe pgriod 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 1. Accounting Policies General inforniation and basls of preparation Lawford Football Club is a charitable incorwraled organisation registered with the Charity Commission for England and Wales (Charity Registered Number 11888841. The financial statements have been prepared to give a 'true and faiff view and have departed from the Charities (Accounts and ReRxJrtsl Regulations 2008 only to the extent required to provide a true and fail view. This departure has involved following the Charities SORP IFRS 1021 published in October 2019 rather than the Accountsng and Reporting by Charities.. Statement of Recommended Practice effective from 1 April 2005 which has since been withdrawn. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention with items recognised at cost or transaction value unless otherwise staled in the relevant notes to these accounts. The financial ststements have been prepared in accordance with the Staternent of Recommended Practice." A¢counling and Reporting by Chanties preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland IFRS 1021 issued on 16 July 2014 and Financial Reporting Standard applieable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland IFRS 1021 and Charities Act 2011. The charty has taken advantage of the provisions in the SORP for charities applying FRS 102 Update Bulletin 1 not lo prepare a Statement of Cash Flows Lawford Football Club constitutes a public benefrt entity as defined by FRS 102. The financial ststements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the historic cost convention, modified lo include certain items al fair value. The financial statements are prèsented in sterling, which is the fvndional currency of the charity and rounded to the nearest whole pound. The significant accounting policies applied in preparation of these financial ststements are set out below. Going concern At the lime of approving the financial stslements, the Iruslees have a aSOnable expectation that the charty has adequate resource5 to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The Iruslees conb.nue to adopt the going concem basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements. Incorne Income is recognised when the charity is legally entitled to it after any performance conditions have been met, the amounts can be measured reliably, and it is probable that income will be received. Cash donations are recognised on receipt. Other donations are recognised once the charity has been notified of the donation unless performance conditions require deferral of the amount. Income tax recoverable in relation to donations receNed under Gift Aid or deeds of covenant is re¢ognised at the time of the donats"on. io
Lawford Football Club Notes to the financial statements For thg period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 Expendlture Expenditure is cOgniSed once there is a legal or conslruclive obligation lo transfer economic benefit tr) a third paty, it is prob8ble that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. Costs of raising fvnds comprise the costs associated with attracting donations, grants and legacies and the Costs of trading for fundraising purposes. Charitable expendf(ure comprises those costs incurred by the charity in the delivery of ils activities and services for its beneficiaries. Tanglble fixed assets and depreclatlon Tangible fixed assets are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losse5. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of fixed assets, less estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives on the following basis.. Football facilities Clubhouse & kitchen equipment Fixtures & fittings Buildings 5 years 3 years 5 years 10 years Stock Stock held, which comprises goods purchased for resale, is stated al the lowerof cost and net realisable value. Debtors Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount. Cash at bank and In hand Cash al bank and in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or sirnilar account. Creditors payable within one year Creditors are recognised when the charity has a present or constructive obligation resutting from a past event and settlement is expected to result in an oufflow of economic benefits. Fund accounting Unrestn'cted fvnds which are available for use al the discretion of the trustees in furtherance of the general objectives of the charity and which have not been designated for other purposes. Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordan¢e with specific restrictions imposed by donors or which have been raised by the charity for particular purposes. The costs of raising and administering such funds are charyed against the specific fund. The aim and use of each restricted fund is sel out in the notes lo the financial statements. Reporting period The trustees have legal authority to change the reporting period by virtue of the club's structure as charitsble incorporated organisation. li
Lawford Football Club Notes to the financial statements For the period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 2. Income from donations & legacies Unrestricted Funds 2024 Restricted Funds 2024 Total Funds 2024 Total Funds 2023 Donations 2,076 2,076 2,076 2,076 3,422 3,422 Totsl 2023 3,422 3,422 3. Income from charitablo activltles Unrestricted Funds 2024 Restricted Funds 2024 Total Funds 2024 Total Funds 2023 Membership fees Food & drink sales Grants Season end events Other fund-raising activities Pitch hire FA Cup Other income 35,497 41,847 35,497 41,847 28,068 787 830 1,545 5,800 905 115,278 31,477 36,466 1,880 571 1,255 845 750 319 73,563 28,068 787 830 1,545 5,800 905 87,210 28,068 Total 2023 71,683 1,880 73,563 4. Other tradlng Incomo Unrestrictgd Funds 2024 Restricted Funds 2024 Total Funds 2024 Total Funds 2023 Sponsorship Tournaments 7,076 7,076 5.643 12,719 5,599 3,412 9,011 5,643 5,643 7,076 Total 2023 3,412 5,599 9,011 12
Lawford Football Club Notes to the flnancial statements Forthe period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 5. Cost of raising funds Unrestrfeted Funds 2024 Restrlcted Funds 2024 Total Funds 2024 Total Funds 2023 Tournaments Other fund-raising acb'vilies Adrninistration fees 2,772 50 20 2,842 2,772 50 20 2,842 1,618 319 20 1,957 Total 2023 1,957 1,957 6. Expenditure on charitablo activitles Unrestrictsd Funds 2024 Restrfcted Funds 2024 Total Funds 2024 Totsl Funds 2023 Affiliation & registration fees Fines Match official fees Football equipment Football team kil Training Coaching qualifications Food & drink Season end events Rent Utilities Building maintenance Pitch maintenan Consultsnt fee Depreciab'on Bank & other fees Independent examiners fee Administration & other costs 2,107 786 4,777 3,435 2,200 7,596 815 26,501 3,079 1,425 15,535 4,263 2,198 2,107 786 4.777 3,435 8,643 7,596 975 26,501 3,079 1,425 16,168 4,263 11,940 2,058 1,168 3,805 2,744 12,243 5,457 1,020 23,155 3,166 1,425 11,893 3,333 3,009 1,680 2,230 564 310 285 79,544 6,443 160 633 9,742 2,144 756 440 1,463 79,520 1,267 3,411 756 440 1,463 97,764 18,245 Total 2023 72,207 7,337 79,544 13
Lawford Football Club Notes to the flnancial statements For the period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 7. Tangible flxed assets Clubhouse & kitchen equipment Football facilities Fixtures & ffftings Buildings Totsl Cost At 1 June 2023 Additions At 31 May 2024 9,807 5,969 15,776 3,610 1,004 4,614 1,520 14,937 10,423 25,359 3,450 3,450 1,520 Depreciation At 1 June 2023 Charge for the period At 31 May 2024 16,4221 12,2841 18,7061 13,4661 14781 13,9441 13041 13041 16081 110,1921 13,4111 113,6031 13451 13451 Net book value At 31 May 2023 3,385 143 1,216 4.744 At 31 May 2024 3,105 7,070 669 912 11,756 8. Stocks 2024 2023 Goods for resale 1,554 1,554 1,556 1,556 9. Dgbtors 2024 2023 Prepayment5 and accrued income other debtors 357 125 482 150 82 232 10. Creditors: Amounts following due withln one year 2024 2023 Trade creditors Accruals and deferred income 35 1,142 1,177 30 979 1,009 14
La%*ford Football Club Notes to the financial statements For the period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 11. Analysis of net assets between funds Current period Unrestricted funds 2024 Restricted funds 2024 Total funds 2024 Tangible fixed assets Cash al bank and in hand Other current assets Creditors due within one year 6.475 56.483 2.036 11,1771 63,818 5,281 13,058 11,756 69,542 2.036 {1,177) 82.157 18.340 Previous perfod Unrestricted funds 2023 Restrlcted funds 2023 Totsl funds 2023 Tangible fixed assets Cash al bank and in hand other current assets Creditors due within one year 3.304 47,166 1,789 11,009) 51,250 1,440 4.744 47.166 1,789 11,0091 52,690 1,440 15
Lawford Football Club Notes to the financial ststemonts For the period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 12. Ststement of funds Current perlod 2023 Income Expenditure 2024 Football Foundation Small Grants Scheme Grass Pitch Maintenance Fund 1,440 5,108 12,800 {1,2671 19,7421 5,281 3,058 Tendring Community Fund Barclays Community Football Fund 10,000 160 10,000 11601 Sponsored kil & services 7,076 17,0761 Total restrfcted funds 1,440 35,144 118,245) 18,340 Total unrestrleted funds 51.250 94,929 182,361) 63,818 Total funds 52,690 130,074 I100,6(} 82,157 Previous period 2022 Income Expenditure 2023 Football Foundation Small Grants Scheme Pitch Preparation Fund 1,074 224 1,080 17141 12241 1,440 Essex County FA Wildcats Barclays Community Football Fund 300 13001 15001 500 Sponsored kit 5,599 {5,5991 Total restricted funds 1,298 7,479 {7,3371 1,440 Total unrestrlcted funds 46,897 78,517 174,1641 51,250 Total funds 48,195 85,996 181,5011 52,690 Football Foundation General Funding.. Contributions towards the purchase of new goals and storage container. Football Foundation Grass Pitch Maintenance Fund.. Six-year programme of tampered funding for eligible organisations to improve and sustain grass pilches. Tendring Community Fund.. Contribution toward5 the development of an all-weather playing facility. Barclays Community Football Fund." Funding to support the development of football for girls. 16
Lawford Football Club Notes to the financial statements For tho period 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024 13. Operating lease commltments At 31 May 2024 the total of the charity's future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases was.. 2024 2023 Within 1 year Beeen 1 and 5 years After more than 5 years Total 1,425 5,700 132,525 139,650 1,425 5,700 133,950 141,075 During the period £1,425 was recognised as an expense. 14. Related party transactions The charity made payments of £2,610 to the spouse of Lloyd Beltt Itrusteel for the provision of serviTrs during the period. The charity also made payments of £248 to the daughter of David Atton Itrusleel for the provision of services during the period. These conflicts of interest were previously declared and reviewed by the other trustees who concluded the arrangements were in the best interest of the charity. 15. Trustee remuneration and benefits At the discretion of the charity trustees, parents or guardians of junior members who are named officers and l or team managers may have the membership fees 1£1601 waived for one child. This includes parents or guardians of junior members who are charity trustees and are also named OffirS and l or team managers. During the period trustees- Michael Lace and Michelle Macrae- benefitted from the fee waiver. No other trustees received remuneration or benefits from the charty during the period. 17