## **The Hive Cornwall** Charity number: 1187981 # **TRUSTEES' REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2023** The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **Contents** |Heading|Page| |---|---| |Reference and administrative information|**1**| |Trustees' report|**2**| |Independent examiners report to the trustees|**6**| |Statement of financial activities|**7**| |Balance sheet|**9**| |Statement of Cashflows|**10**| |Notes to the financial statements|**11**| ## **Reference and Administrative Information** **Charity name The Hive Cornwall CIO Registered Charity number 1187981 Registered Company number CE020717 Registered address Fentenfenna Farm Ruthvoes St Columb TR9 6HT** ## **Trustees serving in the period** Matthew Thomson Barbara Rounsevell MBE Amber Duddridge **Independent Examiners** Swell Accounting & Business Solutions 11 St Annes Road Newquay Cornwall TR7 2SA ## **Bankers** The Co-operative Bank P.O. Box 250 Skelmersdale Lancashire WN8 6WT 1 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **Trustees Report** ## **Structure, Governance and Management** The Charity was registered as a Charitable Incorporated Organisation (CIO) on 14[th] February 2020 and has no paid staff, operating solely through volunteers. ## **Charitable Objects** The charity was registered with the core purpose to process and extend the life of free surplus (waste) food into a nutritious product and provide this at no cost to disadvantaged families. The charity has registered the following charitable objects with the Charity Commission: - General Charitable Purposes - Education/training - The Prevention and Relief Of Poverty - Environment/conservation/heritage - Economic/community Development/employment to help: - Children/young People - Elderly/old People - People with Disabilities - Other Charities or Voluntary Bodies - Other Defined Groups ## **Acknowledgements** Trustees would like to take this opportunity to thank our funders in the year: - Cornwall Council – Contained Outbreak Management Fund (COMF) - Sustainable Food Places (supported by Esmée Fairbairn Foundation and National Lottery Communities Fund) Trustees offer their profuse thanks to Brakes Food Service who have provided the vast majority of food donations received through the Charity’s third full year of operation, and again to St Ewe Eggs for their generous donations of high quality eggs and egg products. Trustees would also like to thank staff and volunteers of our principal community partners CHAOS Cornwall CIC, Growing Links CIC and Treverbyn Hall for keeping the Hive Cornwall operation ticking throughout the year. Thanks also to Rame Peninsula Trust and the Cornwall Voluntary Sector Forum Food Access Alliance for their support and encouragement. Outside of the core Hive Cornwall partnership, the charity depended on cooperation with an ecosystem of over 30 voluntary, community and social enterprise groups across Cornwall, including Transformation CPR and DISC Newquay who were notable for the large amounts of food they were able to distribute effectively, often at very short notice. The Hive Cornwall is profoundly grateful to all in this network. 2 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **Activities and Achievements** The Hive Cornwall’s main operational activities in the year were the collection and redistribution of food surplus otherwise destined to become waste. Cornwall’s food aid system continued to experience dynamic change as the rising cost of living reached crisis point. The charity responded by focusing on: - increasing the volume of food recovered, in particular staples and fresh produce - widening the distribution network to reach more grassroots community organisations including clubs, schools, youth groups and the growing network of community larders and fridges - equipping community partners with fridges, freezers and access to vehicles to strengthen their own food distribution As well as food, the Hive Cornwall fleet was intermittently used by partners to move other equipment around local charity networks, including domestic and office furniture, fridges and freezers. This logistics capability facilitated more resource sharing and exchange between diverse community groups, preventing waste and maximising social value in line with the principle of circularity that was the founding principle of the charity. Working with more diverse community groups trustees found that the social value of the food distributed extended beyond satisfying hunger into becoming an important means of engaging people in a wide array of community services – including counselling and advice, employability support, training and social activities that provided meaningful purpose for hundreds of participants in diverse initiatives across Cornwall. Through the year the Hive Cornwall worked directly with 12 regular volunteers to collect and redistribute 2-3 pallets of food three times every week through the year, supplying around 350 tonnes of food to 32 community groups serving upwards of 6000 people on a regular basis. The Christmas runs included donated turkeys and Christmas hampers. This was therefore a year where trustees concentrated on strengthening partnerships with wholesalers and logistics companies as well as with grassroots person-centred community food groups active in Cornwall’s diverse communities. Trustees continued to progress the objectives funded by Cornwall’s Contained Outbreak Management Fund (COMF) through Cornwall Council to mitigate Covid 19 impacts and support community resilience and recovery to create a processing facility and a modern distribution fleet to extend the life and maximise the value of rescued food surplus. The industrial unit intended to house the food production unit has been built at the Cornwall Council owned Fentenfenna Farm, near St Columb, and Trustees have worked throughout the year with Cornwall Council and Fentenfenna Farm CIC to finalise planning and lease conditions in order to take occupancy. While progress with this has been slower than hoped, Trustees have continued to develop and adapt designs, use case and business plans to reflect the latest situation, supported by external consultants including the charity’s founder. In keeping with our name and founding spirit, The Hive Cornwall trustees recognise their responsibility to ensure the charity works effectively as part of Cornwall’s food system. The Hive 3 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 Cornwall will thrive only if it works in harmony with the businesses, organisations, communities and other stakeholders who between them comprise Cornwall’s food system. To that end, The Hive Cornwall helped establish the Sustainable Food Cornwall Partnership capable of holding and supporting a sustainable food strategy for Cornwall. Trustees established a new community interest company to progress the work of the Sustainable Food Cornwall partnership outside of the Hive Cornwall’s charitable activities and secured a second development grant from the Sustainable Food Places programme (run by Sustain, Food Matters and Soil Association) to contribute to the funding of a coordinator for the Sustainable Food Cornwall partnership, appointed in March 2023. ## **Reserves Policy** The charity currently has few ongoing cost commitments which are limited to supporting an average of 4-5 collection and delivery rounds per month, and the overheads associated with fleet maintenance. The trustees have set a reserves policy to hold around 6 months’ worth of free unrestricted reserves to cover costs in the event of close down. The current unrestricted free reserves value of £34,101 represents 7.16 months. ## **Going Concern** While the charity retains sufficient funding to continue its current operations for another 12 months, and these accounts have been prepared on that basis, trustees are now working with its charitable and community partners to find more effective ways of fulfilling its charitable objects through the transfer of assets to them. As the local food surplus system continues to contract, trustees have consulted the Charity Commission about transferring 100% of its assets to partners to fulfil the Hive Cornwall’s charitable purposes and winding down the charity. (see Future Plans below) ## **Financial Review** The financial results of the charity for the year are set out on page 5. The charity's reserves are held to cover unexpected expenses and future operating deficits. There are few fixed costs and so no reserve is required to cover these in the event of closure. - Current Free Unrestricted reserves as at 31[st ] March 2022 £34k (last year £34k) - This represents a ratio of 7 months of our average monthly expenditure, our reserves policy sets out to maintain reserves at between 6 and 12 months to ensure we can manage the charity appropriately through periods of lower income. Our future plans set out how we will develop to maintain our reserves in line with this policy. - Restricted reserves show a deficit of £23k. Of our £174k restricted reserves, £124k is a depreciation reserve for assets purchased with grant funding. £50k is held for delivery of services in the future. ## **Future Plans** The Hive Hub at Fentenfenna and the Hive Cornwall fleet of 4 vans are important assets for Cornwall’s food system – in terms both of their potential to support the production and distribution of food surplus rescued, and to support Cornwall’s community growing network. Throughout 2023 the volumes of food surplus arising within the regional wholesale system have contracted 4 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 dramatically while the amount of fresh food gleaned and grown has increased and trustees have been adapting both regular operations and the Hive Cornwall’s future plans accordingly. The charity relies more than ever on its community partners to deliver its charitable objects, and trustees’ plans for the future are now geared to the streamlining of the Hive Cornwall’s asset register and operations so as to empower its partners as effectively as possible. In particular, trustees are working with Cornwall Council, Fentenfenna Farm CIC, Growing Links CIC and Liskeard and Looe Foodbank to adapt the original Hive vision to current circumstances, and find better ways of deploying its assets, building on the Sustainable Food Places work The Hive Cornwall helped catalyse. On behalf of the Hive Cornwall Trustees Trustee: Matthew Thomson Date…31[st] January 2024 5 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **Independent examiner’s report to the trustees of The Hive Cornwall** I report to the charity trustees on my examination of the accounts of the Company for the year ended 31 March 2023. ## **Responsibilities and basis of report** As the charity’s trustees of the you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Charities Act 2011 (‘the 2011 Act’). Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the Company are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2018 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of your charity’s accounts as carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 (‘the 2011 Act’). In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5) (b) of the 2011 Act. ## **Independent examiner’s statement** My examination was carried out in accordance with the general directions given by the Charity Commission. An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and a comparison of the accounts presented with those records. It also includes consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and the seeking of explanations from you as trustees concerning any such matters. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would be required in audit and, consequently, no opinion is given as to whether the accounts present a “true and fair view" and the report is limited to those matters set out in the statement below. ## **Independent examiner's statement** In connection with my examination, no matter has come to my attention: - which gives me reasonable cause to believe that, in any material aspect, the requirements - a) to keep accounting records in accordance with section 130 of the 2011 Act; and b) to prepare accounts which accord with the accounting records, comply with the accounting requirements of the 2011 Act have not been met; or - to which, in my opinion, attention should be drawn in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached. Simon Beckham Swell Accounting & Business Solutions Dated: 27[th] January 2024 6 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **Statement of Financial Activity** |Note
**Income and Endowments**
**from**
Donations & Grants
2
Charitable Activities
3
**Total**
**Resources Expended**
**Expenditure on:**
Raising funds
4
Charitable Activities
5/6
**Total**
**Net income/(expenditure)**
**before transfers**
Total funds brought forward
**Total funds carried forward**|Unrestricted
Funds
Restricted
Funds
Total Funds
2023
Total Funds
2022
£
£
£
£
0
34,233
34,233
253,016
0
0
0
0| |---|---| ||0
34,233
34,233
253,016| ||0
0
0
0
0
57,089
57,089
69,791| ||0
57,089
57,089
69,791| ||0
(22,856)
(22,856)
183,225| ||| ||34,101
196,552
230,653
47,428| ||34,101
173,696
207,897
230,653| 7 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **Statement of Financial Activity** (to 31/03/2022) |Note
**Income and Endowments**
**from**
Donations & Grants
2
Charitable Activities
3
**Total**
**Resources Expended**
**Expenditure on:**
Raising funds
4
Charitable Activities
5/6
**Total**
**Net income/(expenditure)**
**before transfers**
Total funds brought forward
**Total funds carried forward**|Unrestricted
Funds
Restricted
Funds
Total Funds
2022
Total Funds
2021
£
£
£
£
849
252,167
253,016
116,600
0
0
0
16,652| |---|---| ||849
252,167
253,016
133,252| ||0
0
0
0
0
69,791
69,791
85,824| ||0
69,791
69,791
85,824| ||849
182,376
183,225
47,428| ||| ||33,252
14,176
47,428
0| ||34,101
196,552
230,653
47,428| 8 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 ## Annual Report 2023 ## **Balance Sheet** |Note
**Fixed Assets:**
Tangible Assets
13
**Total Fixed Assets**
**Current Assets:**
Debtors & prepayments
11
Cash at bank & in hand
18
**Total current assets**
**Liabilities:**
Creditors: amounts
falling due within 12
months
10
Net current assets
**Total assets less current**
**liabilities**
**The funds of the charity**
Restricted income funds
16
Unrestricted funds
15
**Total charity funds**|Total Funds 2023
£
124,319
124,319
124
83,655
83,779
(300)
79,124
**207,798**
173,696
34,101
**207,798**|Total Funds 2022
£
151,529| |---|---|---| |||151,529| |||137
90,685| |||90,822| |||(11,698)| |||79,124| |||**230,653**| |||196,552
34,101| |||**230,653**| The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2015) - (Charities SORP (FRS 102)), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006. The financial statements were approved by the board on: And signed on its behalf by: Trustee: Matthew Thomson Date: 31[st] January 2023 9 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **Statement of Cashflows** |Note
**Cash flows from operating activities:**
**Net cash provided by (used in)**
**operating activities**
16
**Cash flows from investing activities**
Dividends, interest and rents from
investments
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and
equipment
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
**Net cash provided by (used in) investing**
**activities**
**Change in cash and cash equivalents in**
**the reporting period:**
**Cash and cash equivalents at the**
**beginning of the reporting period**
17
**Cash and cash equivalents at the end of**
**the reporting period**
17|Total Funds
2023
Prior Period
Funds 2022
£
£
(7,030)
187,711| |---|---| ||0
0
0
0
0
(160,550)| ||0
(160,550)| ||(7,030)
27,161
90,685
63,524
83,655
90,685| 10 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **Notes to the Financial Statements** ## **1. Accounting policies** ## **Summary of significant accounting policies and key accounting estimates** The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. ## **Statement of compliance** The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2015) - (Charities SORP (FRS 102)), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006. ## **Basis of preparation** The Hive Cornwall meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy notes. ## **Going concern** The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The trustees assess whether the use of going concern is appropriate i.e. whether there are any material uncertainties related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the ability of the Charity to continue as a going concern. The trustees make this assessment in respect of a period of one year from the date of approval of the financial statements. ## **Income and endowments** All incoming resources are included in the statement of financial activities when it is probable the charity will be entitled to the income and the amount can be quantified with reasonable accuracy. ## **Fund accounting policy** Unrestricted Income funds are general funds that are available for use at the trustees' discretion in furtherance of the objectives of the charity. Further details of each fund are disclosed in notes 13, 14 and 15. 11 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **Incoming resources** Donations are recognised on a cash receipts basis. Incoming resources from tax reclaims are included in the statement of financial activities when received. Income from charitable activities includes income earned, which is recognised when the related goods or services are provided. ## **Resources expended** Liabilities are recognised as soon as there is a legal obligation committing the charity to the expenditure. Expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis where appropriate. Charitable expenditure comprises those costs incurred by the charity in the delivery of its activities and services for its beneficiaries. It Includes both costs that can be allocated directly to such activities and those costs of an indirect nature necessary to support them. ## **Governance costs** Governance costs Include administrative expenses, costs of the preparation and examination of the statutory accounts, the costs of trustee meetings and the cost of any legal advice to trustees on governance or constitutional matters. ## **Support costs** Support costs include central functions but not administrative expenses and have been allocated to activity cost categories on a basis consistent with the use of resources. 12 ## The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **2. Income from Donations & Grants** |Grants
Donations
**Total**|Unrestricted
Restricted
2022
Total
2022
Total
£
£
£
£
0
34,233
34,233
252,167
0
0
0
849
0
34,233
34,233
253,016| |---|---| ## **3. Income from Charitable Activities** |Provision of meals
**Total**|Unrestricted
Restricted
2022 Total 2022 Total
£
£
£
£
0
0
0
0| |---|---| ||0
0
0
0| 13 ## The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 ## Annual Report 2023 ## **4. Cost of Raising Funds** |**4. Cost of Raising Funds**||||| |---|---|---|---|---| ||Unrestricted|Restricted|2023|2022| ||||Total|Total| |**Costs of Raising Funds**|£|£|£|£| |Fundraising Expenses|0|0|0|0| |**Total**|0|0|0|0| |**. Cost of Charitable Activities**||||| ||Unrestricted|Restricted|2023|2022| ||||Total|Total| |**Charitable Activities**|£|£|£|£| |Meals and ingredients|0|0|0|5,892| |Equipment and Sundries|0|0|0|22,605| |Transport and Delivery|0|6,483|6,483|13,025| |Vehicle Hire|0|4,986|4,986|9,900| |Food Partnerships|0|4,770|4,770|0| |Advertising & Marketing|0|0|0|456| |Accountancy Fees|0|480|480|2,160| |Cleaning & Waste Disposal|0|0|0|120| |Legal Expenses|0|1,020|1,020|0| |Consulting|0|11,063|11,063|5,566| |Depreciation|0|27,210|27,210|9,021| |IT Software and Consumables|0|202|202|0| |Vehicle Expenses|0|179|179|302| |Travel Expenses|0|251|251|0| |Subscriptions|0|445|445|744| |**Total**|0|57,089|57,089|69,791| ## **5. Cost of Charitable Activities** 14 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **6. Analysis of Support and Governance Costs** |**. Analysis of Support**|**and Governance Costs**| |---|---| |Meals and ingredients
Equipment and Sundries
Transport and Delivery
Vehicle Hire
Food Partnerships
Advertising & Marketing
Accountancy Fees
Cleaning & Waste Disposal
Legal Expenses
Consulting
Depreciation
IT Software and Consumables
Vehicle Expenses
Travel Expenses
Subscriptions
**Total**|Direct
Support Governance
2022 Total
£
£
£
0
0
0
5,892
0
0
0
22,605
6,483
0
0
13,025
4,986
0
0
9,900
4,770
0
0
0
0
0
0
456
0
180
300
2,160
0
0
0
120
1,020
0
0
0
11,063
0
0
5,566
27,210
0
0
9,021
202
0
0
0
179
0
0
302
251
0
0
0
445
0
0
744| ||56,609
180
300
69,791| 15 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **7. Net outgoing resources for the period** Net outgoing resources is stated after charging Independent examiners remuneration |2023 Total|2022 Total| |---|---| |£|£| |300|760| ## **8. Trustee Remuneration** No Trustee received any remuneration for acting as a trustee during the current year. No Trustees were paid any expenses during the current year. ## **9. Employees** |**. Employees**||| |---|---|---| |**Employment costs**|2023 Total|2022 Total| ||£|£| |Wages and salaries|0|0| |**Employee Numbers**|2023 Total|2022 Total| |Charitable Activities|0|0| No employee received emoluments of more than £60,000 16 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **10. Creditors: amounts falling due within one year** |Accounts Payable|2023
2022
£
£
0
11,698| |---|---| ||0
11,698| ## **11. Debtors and Prepayments** |Prepayments|2023 2022
£
£
124
137| |---|---| ||124
137| ## **12. Related Party transaction** There were no related party transaction in the period. 17 ## The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 ## Annual Report 2023 ## **13. Tangible Fixed Assets** |**3. Tangible Fixed Assets**|||||| |---|---|---|---|---|---| ||Leasehold|Plant &
Motor||Total|| ||Improvements|
Machinery
Vehicles|||| ||£|£|£||£| |**Cost**|||||| |At 1 April 2022|1,824|31,747|126,979|
160,550|| |Additions|0|0|0||0| |Disposals|0|0|0||0| |Transfers|0|0|0||0| |At 31 March 2022|1,824|31,747|126,979|
160,550|| |**Depreciation**|||||| |At 1 April 2022|101|605|8,315||9,021| |Provided in Year|303|3,174|23,733||27,210| |On Disposals|0|0|0||0| |At 31 March 2023|404|3,779|32,048||35,231| |Net book value at 31 March 2023|1,420|27,968|94,931|
124,319|| |Net book value at 1 April 2022|1,723|23,432|126,374|
151,529|| |**4. Analysis of net assets**|**between funds**||||| |Current Period||Unrestricted|Restricted||Total| |||Funds|Funds||Funds| |||£|£||£| |Fund balances as at 31 March 2023|as represented||||| |by:|||||| |Tangible Fixed Assets||0|124,319||
124,319| |Current Assets||34,101|49,777||
83,778| |Current Liabilities and provisions||0||(300)|(300)| |Total||34,101|173,696||
207,798| |||Unrestricted|Restricted||Total| |Previous Period||Funds|Funds||Funds| |||£|£||£| |Fund balances as at 31 March 2022|as represented||||| |by:|||||| |Tangible Fixed Assets||0|151,529||
151,529| |Current Assets||45,799|45,023||
90,822| |Current Liabilities and provisions||(11,698)||0|
(11,698)| |Total||34,101|196,552||
230,653| ## **14. Analysis of net assets between funds** 18 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **15. Analysis of Unrestricted Funds** ||At 1 April||Incoming|Outgoing|Transfers|At 31 March| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ||2022||Resources|Resources||2023| ||£||£|£|£|£| |Unrestricted|34,101||0|000|0|34,101| |Fund||||||| ||At 1|April|Incoming|Outgoing|Transfers|At 31 March| |||2021|Resources|Resources||2022| |||£|£|£|£|£| |Unrestricted|33,252||849|0|0|34,101| |Fund||||||| ## **16. Analysis of Restricted Funds** ||At 01 April|Incoming|Outgoing|Transfers|At 31|March| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ||2022|Resources|Resources||2023|| ||£|£|£|||£| |COMF-Cornwall Council|196,552|26,233|56,639|||166,146| |Soil Association|0|8,000|450|0||7,550| ||196,552|34,233|57,089|0||173,696| Of the £173,797 restricted reserves £124,319 is a depreciation reserve for assets purchased with restricted funds. The remaining £49,478 is cash held for future delivery and services. ||At 01 April|Incoming|Outgoing|Transfers|At 31|March| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ||2021|Resources|Resources||2022|| ||£|£|£|||£| |Big Lottery- Revenue fund|14,176|0|14,176|0||0| |for provision of services and||||||| |organisational development||||||| |COMF-Cornwall Council|0|251,167|54,615|||196,552| |Sustainable Food Places-|0|1,000|1,000|0||0| |partnership development||||||| ||14,176|252,167|69,791|0||196,552| Of the £196,552 restricted reserves £151,528 is a depreciation reserve for assets purchased with restricted funds. The remaining £45,024 is cash held for future delivery and services. 19 The Hive Cornwall Charity Number 1187981 Annual Report 2023 ## **17. Reconciliation of net income/(expenditure) to net cash flow from operating activities** |**operating activities**||| |---|---|---| ||2023|2022| ||£|£| |**Net income/(expenditure) for the reporting period (as per the**|(22,856)|183,225| |**statement of financial activities)**||| |**Adjustments for:**||| |Depreciation Charges|27,210|9,021| |(Gains)/Losses on investments|0|0| |Dividends, interest and rents from investments|0|0| |Loss/(profit) on the sale of fixed assets|0|0| |Increase/(decrease) in provision for liabilities|0|0| |(Increase)/decrease in debtors|14|(137)| |Increase/(decrease) in creditors|(11,398)|(4,398)| |**Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities**|(7,030)|187,711| ## **18. Analysis of cash and cash equivalents** ||2023|2022| |---|---|---| ||£|£| |Cash in hand|83,655|90,685| |**Total cash and cash equivalents**|83,655|90,685| 20