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2024-12-31-accounts

Charity registration number 1181744 (England and Wales) Company registration number 11397556

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT AND UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION

Trustees P Lindley K Kennedy Dr M Ellis S Smith P Gheorghiu (Appointed 10 July 2024) Miss V Cangiano (Appointed 22 October 2024) Charity number 1181744 Company number 11397556 Registered office 82 St Johns Street London EC1M 4JN Independent examiner Anthony Epton Goldwins Limited 75 Maygrove Road West Hampstead London NW6 2EG

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

CONTENTS

Page
Trustees' report 1 - 6
Independent examiner's report 7
Statement of financial activities 8
Balance sheet 9
Notes to the financial statements 10 - 16

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

TRUSTEES' REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

The trustees present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in note 1 to the financial statements and comply with the charity's Articles of Association, the Companies Act 2006 and "Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019)".

Objectives and activities

The Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights UK Limited exists to promote human rights for the public benefit throughout England and Wales. The charity's objectives, as set out in its Articles of Association, are to:

  1. Educate the public about human rights by working with students and teachers, developing curricula, and providing teaching tools and resources.

  2. Raise awareness of and promote public support for human rights by creating public platforms such as a festival of human rights.

  3. Promote respect for human rights among individuals and corporations.

The charity's programs are educational, creative, and aim to inspire, educate, and empower young people to become Ripples of Hope in their communities and around the world.

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

TRUSTEES' REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Activities

During the reporting period, RFK Human Rights UK Limited continued to advance its charitable objectives of promoting human rights education for the public benefit throughout England and Wales. The charity's activities centred around the delivery and expansion of its flagship "Speak Truth to Power" programme, which provides comprehensive human rights education resources to schools and communities.

Educational Programme Development

The charity significantly expanded its educational offerings by developing new content for Key Stages 1 and 2, ensuring age-appropriate human rights education across primary school years. In response to contemporary challenges facing young people, new programme modules were created addressing violence against women and girls, and online misogyny, demonstrating the charity's commitment to addressing current social issues through a human rights lens.

A comprehensive teacher training portal was established, featuring six training videos to support educators in starting to deliver human rights education effectively. These resources were designed to align with existing literacy and oracy curriculum requirements, facilitating seamless integration into school programmes.

Community Engagement and Public Education

The charity strengthened its community presence through strategic partnerships with public institutions. A newly developed partnership Greater Manchester Libraries network resulted in Human Rights Day exhibitions across 3 library branches, extending the charity's reach to diverse community audiences. These exhibitions featured interactive elements, including soap boxes, placards, and poster displays, many of which libraries requested to maintain into 2025.

Community workshops were developed, including creative placard-making sessions for school children, where participants explored human rights themes and developed advocacy skills. The charity also participated in community events such as the Fun Palaces initiative at Longsight Library and Learning Centre, alongside organisations including Save the Children and the National Football Museum.

Digital Platform Development

Substantial investment was made in digital infrastructure to enhance programme delivery. The charity's School Zone platform was expanded and refined, incorporating automated email systems for improved subscriber engagement. A comprehensive brand toolkit was developed to ensure consistent visual identity across all communications and materials.

The charity's website underwent significant enhancement, with new content management systems enabling more effective distribution of educational resources. Social media engagement was strengthened through the production of articles responding to current events from a human rights perspective, including pieces on the Olympic Games' political neutrality and the erosion of women's rights in Afghanistan.

Publications and Resource Development

The charity published the "Illustrated Universal Declaration of Human Rights," a groundbreaking educational resource combining artistic interpretation with human rights education. This publication was distributed free of charge to schools and community organisations, demonstrating the charity's commitment to accessible education.

Building on this success, the charity developed proposals for a second publication focusing on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, designed to engage 22 different artists in illustrating the 45 articles addressing children's rights.

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

TRUSTEES' REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Partnership Development and Geographic Expansion

Strategic partnerships were established and renewed to extend the charity's geographic reach. A partnership with the South East Wales Education Achievement Service was explored, with possible plans for a pilot programme launching in January 2025, including consideration of Welsh language translations, all discussed.

The charity renewed its partnership with the Comino Foundation North West branch and continued to facilitate school engagement days.

Public Benefit

The decisions and actions of individuals collectively shape our society's reality. Human rights serve as a crucial framework, encapsulating people's fundamental rights and interests for the public benefit. Our programs raise awareness of human rights and foster a culture where individuals and organizations actively work to make these rights a reality. This work has a clear public benefit, offering immediate and tangible benefits to individuals and, as the public comprises individuals, also ensuring a collective benefit from secured human rights.

Moreover, the wider community benefits from the perception that everyone's fundamental rights are being protected, even if this benefit is less tangible. This perception justifies treating the promotion of human rights as a charitable purpose. The trustees of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights UK are aware of the Charity Commission guidance on public benefit and consistently prioritize it in all aspects of the charity's work.

Achievements and Performance

The reporting period demonstrated significant growth and impact across all areas of the charity's operations, with measurable increases in engagement, reach, and educational delivery.

Educational Impact and School Engagement

The charity achieved a 10% increase in School Zone account creation during the fourth quarter, providing up to 3,000 additional pupils with access to human rights education resources. High school sign-ups increased by 13.3%, whilst primary school engagement grew by 4%, indicating strong demand across all educational levels.

Workshop programmes demonstrated exceptional community interest, with all 50 available places for placardmaking workshops filled within hours of announcement. These sessions directly resulted in two new schools, representing approximately 2,000 students, joining the Speak Truth to Power programme, with three additional teachers engaging with the online portal.

Notably, the charity achieved its first community organisation sign-up through a Church of England institution, demonstrating new avenues of interest beyond traditional educational settings.

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

TRUSTEES' REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Digital Engagement and Reach

The charity's digital presence showed substantial growth across multiple platforms. Website views increased by 47%, whilst online article engagement surged by 179%, indicating growing public interest in the charity's human rights content and commentary.

Email marketing campaigns achieved exceptional performance with a 48.8% open rate and 19.5% click-through rate, significantly above industry standards. The charity experienced audience growth on video-based platforms, particularly YouTube and TikTok, demonstrating effective adaptation to contemporary digital engagement preferences.

Resource Distribution and Accessibility

The charity distributed 250 copies of the "Illustrated Universal Declaration of Human Rights" free of charge to schools and community organisations throughout the country. This distribution strategy ensured wide accessibility to high-quality human rights education materials regardless of recipients' financial capacity.

Financial Development and Sustainability

The charity submitted substantial grant applications totalling between £30,000 and £100,000 to three major foundations: the Maurice Hatter Foundation, Esmee Fairbaine Foundation, and Reaching Communities Partnership Fund. These applications support the charity's strategic objective of creating animated video content around human rights and children's rights.

Sponsorship agreements were secured with Amazon EU for book printing and Amazon Smile for Human Rights Day activities, demonstrating successful corporate partnership development and diversified funding approaches.

Innovation and Adaptation

The charity demonstrated significant innovation in programme delivery, adapting traditional educational methods to contemporary formats. The development of video-based content, interactive exhibitions, and digital platforms showed effective response to changing educational needs and preferences.

Future planning included the development of a podcast series titled "Speak Truth to Power," designed to engage wider audiences through interviews with human rights activists, lawyers, and young change-makers, indicating continued innovation in communication strategies.

The charity's achievements during the reporting period demonstrate substantial progress in advancing human rights education, with measurable increases in reach, engagement, and impact across educational and community settings throughout the United Kingdom.

Financial review

The trustees remain committed to conducting a bi-annual financial audit, ensuring transparency and accountability in managing the charity's finances.

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

TRUSTEES' REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Reserve policy

It is the policy of the charity that unrestricted funds which have not been designated for a specific use should be maintained at a level equivalent to between three and six months’ expenditure. The trustees consider that reserves at this level will ensure that, in the event of a significant drop in funding, they will be able to continue the charity’s current activities while consideration is given to ways in which additional funds may be raised. As the charity is still in its development phase and because of the irregular nature of the spending, the charity aims to achieve this target of reserve level in next 1-2 years.

The trustees have assessed the major risks to which the charity is exposed and are satisfied that systems are in place to mitigate exposure to the major risks. The key priority for the charity - in risk mitigation as an early stage charity - is the development of sustainable and varied sources of income over the next two to three years and implementing a model of delivery that can be adjusted to the resources available.

We have continued to reduce or delay all outgoings to the minimum for continued operation. Spending towards speculative revenue generation has been halted (e.g. we have paused working with a consultancy to produce applications to funding bodies until we know the funding bodies are resuming making grants).

Any new spend towards programmes, beyond the existing consultancy agreements, can only be committed to

once we know additional funding or income is confirmed.

The trustees have assessed the major risks to which the charity is exposed, and are satisfied that systems are in place to mitigate exposure to the major risks.

Structure, governance and management

The charity is a private company limited by guarantee without share capital.

The charity is governed by its Articles of Association and an Affiliate Agreement with its affiliate organisation, Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights based in the USA.

The trustees were appointed to cover a range of skills and areas of guidance and expertise including; Education, Human Rights, Charity & Fundraising, Development, Communications and the Business & Investment Community.

Further details around recruitment and appointment: all potential new trustees are identified by the Board (working to principles and requirements for good and equitable governance and diversity), interviewed by multiple Board members and due diligence is conducted before a recommendation is put to the full Board to vote on. All trustees are join with full sight of our Role of the Trustee policy.

The trustees, who are also the directors for the purpose of company law, and who served during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were:

P Lindley K Kennedy Dr M Ellis P McCall (Resigned 20 February 2024) A Wincel (Resigned 5 April 2024) P Thompson (Resigned 7 July 2025) S Smith P Gheorghiu (Appointed 10 July 2024) Miss V Cangiano (Appointed 22 October 2024)

None of the trustees has any beneficial interest in the company. All of the trustees are members of the company and guarantee to contribute £1 in the event of a winding up.

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

TRUSTEES' REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

The trustees' report was approved by the Board of Trustees.

.............................. Dr M Ellis Trustee Dated: .........................12 September 2025

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT

TO THE TRUSTEES OF ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

I report to the trustees on my examination of the financial statements of ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED (the charity) for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Responsibilities and basis of report

As the trustees of the charity (and also its directors for the purposes of company law), you are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Having satisfied myself that the financial statements of the charity are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of the charity’s financial statements carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011. In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the Charities Act 2011.

Independent examiner's statement

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe that in any material respect:

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the financial statements to be reached.

Anthony Epton BA FCA CTA Goldwins Limited 75 Maygrove Road West Hampstead London NW6 2EG

Dated: .........................3 October 2025

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES INCLUDING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2024
2024
Notes
£
£
Income from:
Donations and legacies
2
119,197
-
Total income
119,197
-
Expenditure on:
Raising funds
3
-
-
Charitable activities
4
153,161
-
Total expenditure
153,161
-
Net expenditure and
movement in funds
(33,964)
-
Reconciliation of funds:
Fund balances at 1 January
2024
58,177
17,358
Fund balances at 31
December 2024
24,213
17,358
Total
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2024
2023
2023
£
£
£
119,197
130,777
-
119,197
130,777
-
-
2,265
-
153,161
178,658
-
153,161
180,923
-
(33,964)
(50,146)
-
75,535
108,323
17,358
41,571
58,177
17,358
Total
2023
£
130,777
130,777
2,265
178,658
180,923
(50,146)
125,681
75,535

The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year. All income and expenditure derive from continuing activities.

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

BALANCE SHEET

AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

Notes
Fixed assets
Tangible assets
10
Current assets
Debtors
11
Cash at bank and in hand
Creditors: amounts falling due within
one year
12
Net current assets
Total assets less current liabilities
The funds of the charity
Restricted income funds
Unrestricted funds
14
2024
£
2,651
42,838
45,489
(4,339)
£
421
41,150
41,571
17,358
24,213
41,571
2023
£
2,860
75,760
78,620
(3,866)
£
781
74,754
75,535
17,358
58,177
75,535

The company is entitled to the exemption from the audit requirement contained in section 477 of the Companies Act 2006, for the year ended 31 December 2024.

The director acknowledges his responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial statements.

The members have not required the company to obtain an audit of its financial statements for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of the Companies Act 2006.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements were approved by the trustees on .........................12 September 2025.

..............................

Dr M Ellis

Trustee

Company registration number 11397556 (England and Wales)

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

1 Accounting policies

Charity information

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED is a private company limited by guarantee incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is 82 St Johns Street, London, EC1M 4JN.

1.1 Accounting convention

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the charity's governing document, the Companies Act 2006 and "Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019)". The charity is a Public Benefit Entity as defined by FRS 102.

The charity has taken advantage of the provisions in the SORP for charities applying FRS 102 Update Bulletin 1 not to prepare a Statement of Cash Flows.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the charity. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, modified to include the revaluation of certain financial instruments at fair value. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

1.2 Going concern

At the time of approving the financial statements, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the trustees continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

1.3 Charitable funds

Unrestricted funds are available for use at the discretion of the trustees in furtherance of their charitable objectives.

Restricted funds are subject to specific conditions by donors or grantors as to how they may be used. The purposes and uses of the restricted funds are set out in the notes to the financial statements.

Endowment funds are subject to specific conditions by donors that the capital must be maintained by the charity.

1.4 Income

Income is recognised when the charity is legally entitled to it after any performance conditions have been met, the amounts can be measured reliably, and it is probable that income will be received.

Cash donations are recognised on receipt. Other donations are recognised once the charity has been notified of the donation, unless performance conditions require deferral of the amount. Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid or deeds of covenant is recognised at the time of the donation.

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

1 Accounting policies

(Continued)

1.5 Expenditure

Irrecoverable VAT is charged as a cost against the activity for which the expenditure was incurred.

1.6 Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Computers

33% SL

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the statement of financial activities.

1.7 Impairment of fixed assets

At each reporting end date, the charity reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any).

1.8 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

1.9 Financial instruments

The charity only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

1.10 Employee benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2 Donations

Unrestricted Unrestricted
funds funds
2024 2023
£ £
Donations and gifts 119,197 130,777
3 Expenditure on raising funds
Unrestricted Unrestricted
funds funds
2024 2023
£ £
Fundraising and publicity
Other fundraising costs - 2,265
4 Expenditure on charitable activities
2024 2023
£ £
Direct costs
Staff costs 81,315 79,489
Depreciation and impairment 360 534
81,675 80,023
Share of support and governance costs (see note 5)
Support 54,786 87,968
Governance 16,700 10,667
153,161 178,658
Analysis by fund
Unrestricted funds 153,161 178,658

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

5 Support costs allocated to activities

Advertising & Marketing
Consultancy
Office running costs
Travelling costs
Other costs
Governance costs
Governance costs comprise:
Independent examination
Accountancy and bookkeeping
6
Net movement in funds
The net movement in funds is stated after charging/(crediting):
Fees payable for the independent examination of the charity's financial
statements
Depreciation of owned tangible fixed assets
2024
£
728
33,880
4,554
13,850
1,774
16,700
71,486
2024
£
3,200
13,500
16,700
2024
£
2,666
360
2023
£
216
61,998
2,316
14,907
8,531
10,667
98,635
2023
£
2,800
7,867
10,667
2023
£
2,800
534

7 Trustees

None of the trustees (or any persons connected with them) received any remuneration or benefits from the charity during the year.

8 Employees

The average monthly number of employees during the year was:

2024 2023
Number Number
Total 1 1
Employment costs 2024 2023
£ £
Wages and salaries 75,790 74,169
Social security costs 4,204 3,999
Other pension costs 1,321 1,321

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

8 Employees

(Continued)
81,315 79,489

The total employee benefits of the key management personnel were £81,315 (2023: £79,489).

The charity trustees were not paid or received any other benefits from employment with the Company in the year (2023: Nil). Neither were they reimbursed expenses during the year (2023: Nil). No charity trustee received payment for professional or other services supplied to the charity (2023: Nil).

The number of employees whose annual remuneration was £60,000 or more were:

were:
2024 2023
Number Number
£60,000 - £69,999 - 1
£70,000 - £79,999 1 -
9 Taxation

The charity is exempt from tax on income and gains to the extent that these are applied to its charitable objects.

10 Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets
Computers
£
Cost
At 1 January 2024 1,786
At 31 December 2024 1,786
Depreciation and impairment
At 1 January 2024 1,005
Depreciation charged in the year 360
At 31 December 2024 1,365
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024 421
At 31 December 2023 781

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

11
Debtors
Amounts falling due within one year:
Other debtors
Prepayments and accrued income
12
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Trade creditors
Other creditors
13
Retirement benefit schemes
Defined contribution schemes
Charge to profit or loss in respect of defined contribution schemes
2024
£
2,651
-
2,651
2024
£
1,152
3,187
4,339
2024
£
1,321
2023
£
777
2,083
2,860
2023
£
1,020
2,846
3,866
2023
£
1,321

The charity operates a defined contribution pension scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the charity in an independently administered fund.

14 Unrestricted funds

The unrestricted funds of the charity comprise the unexpended balances of donations and grants which are not subject to specific conditions by donors and grantors as to how they may be used. These include designated funds which have been set aside out of unrestricted funds by the trustees for specific purposes.

At 1
General funds
Previous year:
At 1
General funds
January
2024
Incoming
resources
Resources
expended
At 31
December
2024
£
£
£
£
58,177
119,197
(153,161)
24,213
January
2023
Incoming
resources
Resources
expended
At 31
December
2023
£
£
£
£
108,323
130,777
(180,923)
58,177

ROBERT F. KENNEDY HUMAN RIGHTS UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

15 Analysis of net assets between funds

Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2024
2024
£
£
At 31 December 2024:
Tangible assets
421
-
Current assets/(liabilities)
23,792
17,358
24,213
17,358
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2023
2023
£
£
At 31 December 2023:
Tangible assets
781
-
Current assets/(liabilities)
57,396
17,358
58,177
17,358
Total
2024
£
421
41,150
41,571
Total
2023
£
781
74,754
75,535

16 Related party transactions

There were no disclosable related party transactions during the year (2023 - none).