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2020-12-31-accounts

Registered Charity Number: 1180741 and Company Number 11594672

ANNUAL REPORT and FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR

THE YEAR ENDED 31 December 2020

About the Institute of Business Ethics

The Institute of Business Ethics was established in 1986, as a registered charity. It is a not-forprofit organisation funded primarily by corporate, associate and individual supporters.

The charitable aim of the IBE is to “to advance public education in business ethics”, through leading the dissemination of knowledge and good practice.

To this end, the Institute assists organisations in building and strengthening their ethical culture, engaging with organisations in a wide variety of sectors, to discuss important ethical issues, and use their practical experience and knowledge to better establish and disseminate improved standards and best practice.

IBE Purpose:

To champion the highest standards of ethical behaviour in business

Public Benefit

The Trustees refer to the Charity Commission's general guidance on public benefit when reviewing the Institute’s aims and objectives and in planning our future activities. In particular, the Trustees consider how well our planned activities align with our stated charitable aims and objectives.

The IBE continues to operate as a not-for-profit organisation, ensuring that the funds we receive from our Supporters are put to best use through education, thought-leadership and debate about business ethics. We are substantially dependent on our Supporters for our income and for the public benefit of our work and are enormously grateful for their continued support.

Status

The Institute of Business Ethics was founded in 1986 and registered as an unincorporated charity in December 2000. As of April 2019, the Institute of Business Ethics is a registered charity and a Company Limited by Guarantee.

Strategy

In December 2020 the IBE’s Board of Trustees approved a 5 year implementation plan, which set the tone and foundations for a bold new strategy, establishing a base for the future growth by reinvigorating our message and our approach for the Institute. Redefining our objectives, setting new targets and developing our programme to meet the new challenges that lay ahead. The key elements of this strategy were to:

Build our profile and enhance our ‘go to’ brand

Engage more supporters, diversify our supporter base, and augment our services to our supporters

Expand our training and the scope of our webinars

Initiate new thought-leadership, and seek to more effectively engage our supporters to expand our research and knowledge base.

More effectively market our range of services and products to both supporters and nonsupporters.

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REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES

Message from the Chairman

On March 10th 2020, I spent a day with our then Director-designate Ian Peters, planning how we would work together and refresh the IBE strategy. The next day, I had a regular catch-up with the outgoing Director Philippa Foster Back, followed by the quarterly board meeting in Greencoat Place. Little did I imagine that for the rest of 2020, the IBE – like so many other organisations – would be working entirely online.

In practice, this meant that most of Ian’s induction was virtual; that the majority of IBE board members have only experienced one IBE board “in person;” that our small, hardworking team have been working from home now for over a year; and we have done our Strategy update, delivered advisory services for clients, engagement meetings and all our events remotely. I want to say a huge thank-you to the IBE staff team, fellow trustees, International Advisory Council members, supporters, event speakers, publications’ authors and project partners for adapting so fast and so positively. As a result, we have run a full programme of IBE activities during 2020. Indeed, as a result of the lockdowns and the necessity of operating remotely, we have been able to involve many more people in our activities. Necessity, Mother, Invention come to mind!

Now, in early summer 2021, as we experience the gradual lifting of restrictions, we will consider very carefully which of the 2020 innovations that COVID19 forced on us, that we will want to keep. Certainly, our webinar series and more flexible ways of working. As we emerge from the immediate health crisis, we inevitably face new economic and other challenges. Agility will be crucial for all of us, married to the resilience that the pandemic has taught us.

What is already abundantly clear is that doing business ethically will be essential to building forward better.

The IBE intends to make our voice heard as the world plots the post COVID19 future and aspires to Build Back Better.

Professor David Grayson CBE

June 2021

Impacts of Coronavirus (Covid-19)

The COVID-19 pandemic developed rapidly in 2020 and measures taken by government to contain the virus had a significant effect on economic activity. The IBE took a number of actions to monitor and mitigate the effects of COVID-19, such as health and safety measures for our people (i.e. social distancing and working from home) and securing the provision of equipment that is essential to continue our work.

The impact on supporter donations was expected and in mitigation, we sought to reduce costs wherever possible with close monitoring of the situation. In particular, we are grateful to our landlords the Initiatives of Change for rent reductions whilst we have been unable to occupy our premises.

All of our activities, including training, seminars, and lectures and networking events, were successfully moved online allowing our Supporters and other participants to continue to benefit from our work.

We will continue to follow the various government policies and advice and, in parallel, we will do our utmost to continue our operations in the best and safest way possible without jeopardising the health of our staff and stakeholders.

Further contingency plans are in place, should they be necessary, in order to meet our duty to maintain the viability of the charity.

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Activities of the Institute of Business Ethics

The Trustees present their report and the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2020.

The IBE provides specialist advisory and training services, and delivers an extensive programme of research, surveys and publications to inform business and the public in relation to business ethics. Much information is made freely available through our website, but it is our Supporters that have the most influence on the IBE’s priorities and work programmes and, most importantly, they are the only ones who can enjoy the significant advantages that come from participation in our unique Supporter networks.

Through our Supporter-only networks, round-tables and workshops:

Engagement with our supporters

The IBE’s work is funded by corporate and individual supporters. Through their donations, the Institute is able to realise its purpose.

Our supporters join a community of individuals and organisations committed to promoting high standards of business conduct based on ethical values. Our work is informed and shaped by engagement with our supporters and the insight this provides us. In 2020 we established a programme of engagement meetings where the IBE’s Director meets with the Ethics leaders of Supporter firms to keep up-to-date with current issues.

It is important to our mission that we achieve a broad focus. To achieve this, we seek to engage with those at board and senior leadership level, as well as with the organisations’ ethics and compliance practitioners thereby increasing our effectiveness in creating a positive influence throughout the corporate world.

Supporters’ Forum

In 2020 we launched the Supporters’ Forum as an opportunity for IBE supporters to meet once a year to hear about the IBE’s work and provide input to our plans for the forthcoming year. This annual meeting will be key to helping the IBE ensure that it is responsive to the latest developments in business ethics and thereby meeting the needs of our Supporters. We had a wellattended inaugural forum in October 2020 led by the IBE Director and Chairman.

Business Ethics Network

Key to engagement with our supporters is our Business Ethics Network (BEN). It provides a confidential forum for the sharing of both good practice and any challenges faced in implementing an effective ethics programme. BEN members also contribute significantly to the IBE’s work programme by informing and influencing our priorities for future discussions and research.

Sector Groups

In order to address concerns relevant to specific areas of business, we host a number of sector groups. These include: Professional Bodies (ProfBEN), Defence (DPG), the Utilities Sector (USG) and Academic Institutions (AcaBEN). These groups are for those responsible for ethics within their organisation to meet and explore specific ethical challenges, with the IBE providing research and producing briefings for discussion.

The two further groups comprise the Bank Culture Chairs Group (BCCG) being the Non- Executive Chairs of the committees looking at ethics and culture of six leading UK banks; and Professionals against Corruption (PaC), a group of professional services firms from the legal, accountancy and real estate sectors, committed to work together on the anti-money laundering and anti-corruption agenda. The IBE provides the independent chair and secretariat for BCCG, and the secretariat

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and advisory services to support PaC.

Advisory Services

As an independent not-for-profit organisation, our unique and pragmatic perspective allows us to work with organisations as a critical friend. We offer advisory services as part of our range of activities as a means of ensuring we remain both current in our understanding of the shifts in the nature of ethical challenges in fast-evolving workplaces, and as a means of sharing expertise and good practice with others. In addition, advisory work is an important means of diversifying our income sources. Assignments undertaken during 2020 included for a global luxury goods business, both UK and international financial services organisations, an industrial defense contractor, and an international health organisation

Training

The IBE has a long tradition and a strong belief in training. We provide both public training courses and workshops and corporate in-house training, offering bespoke training sessions to all levels of staff, from boards and senior management to operational personnel.

Due to the pandemic, to continue our various training services we have adjusted to provide them on-line.

Products

We provide a range of practical and easy to use toolkits and an international benchmarking resource. Both of which, can be customised to the needs of the individual organisation. These include:

Say No Toolkit

The IBE’s Say No Toolkit is a web-based product and app decision-making tool, designed to help organisations support their employees to make the right decision when faced with difficult situations such as whether to accept a gift or hospitality, if offered a facilitation payment, or when faced with a conflict of interest. The UK Department for International Trade cites the IBE Say No Toolkit as a source which companies can use for training in anti-corruption and dealing with difficult situations.

Speak Up Toolkit

The Speak Up Toolkit helps employees prepare themselves to raise a concern at work. It answers questions about the entire process – from noticing a problem and having a conversation through to what to expect if you call a Speak Up helpline or if your concern is investigated.

Business Ethics Toolkit

This toolkit was launched at the end of 2020. It is intended to guide you in your role as a business owner, chief executive or manager seeking to make your ethical values explicit, and to protect your business against ethical lapses. It suggests a simple, affordable approach to design an ethics framework, and it is intended to be particularly useful to small and medium sized businesses, start-ups and growth companies.

Research & Publications

As well as providing an educational resource, our research and survey work also contributes to the writing of reports and publications, and in supporting those with business ethics needs. Our publications include Board Briefings, Good Practice Guides, Surveys, Reports and Briefings, all of which are available via our website. Many are free to download and others are available to purchase. New publications during 2020 included Section 172, a Board Briefing to help companies benefit from the new reporting obligation, and to encourage them to go beyond legal requirements, Embedding Business Ethics: 2020 report on corporate ethics policies and programmes, a report on the Ethics of Diversity in the boardroom (December 2020) and an Anti-Bribery and Anti-Money Laundering Bibliography (Jan. 2020).

Website

The IBE website was extensively revamped and made more user-friendly and easier to navigate. The renewed website was launched in January 2020. Amongst the new features are a weekly blog where

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IBE staff, trustees, supporters and invited guests can contribute to topical ethical debates. These included during 2020 a series on “Pandemic and Beyond: the ethical issues;” several pandemicrelated ethical dilemmas; blogs on ethical culture and reviews of ethics-related books.

Events

IBE events are typically provided free of charge. Most discussions and publication launches are open to the public and are advertised on our website. Alongside these, the IBE runs a series of private discussions and workshops available to corporate supporters only.

Due to the pandemic, and to increase the accessibility of our events, we have adjusted to provide them on-line. Recordings of our webinars are available as a free resource on our website and via YouTube to further the Institute’s public and geographic outreach. During 2020 we hosted 28 events, of which 9 were webinars open to supporters and the public.

Hugh Kay Annual Lecture

Hugh Kay was a distinguished journalist and broadcaster and played an integral role in the founding of the IBE as part of CABE (Christian Association of Business Executives). When CABE was wound up in 2018, the IBE took over the hosting of this annual lecture series which began in 1990.

Each year we invite an eminent speaker to talk about how they and their organisation’s values influence their business life and provide insights for the future. In 2020, we were delighted to welcome Lord Evans of Weardale, Chair of the Committee on Standards in Public Life, who discussed whether we really are in a Post-Nolan world, and made the case for the value of public standards and business ethics, in these extraordinary times. The contents of the lecture attracted considerable media coverage.

Business Ethics in Education

A core part of IBE’s mission is the education of the next generation of business leaders in schools and universities, sensitising them to the importance of ethical business practice and ethical issues.

IBE Student Essay Competition in Business Ethics

We run an annual essay competition for UK students, which celebrates the best writing and thinking by undergraduates and postgraduates on business ethics. It aims to encourage student interest in business ethics and the integration of discussions on corporate responsibility into the core curricula of business schools.

Advocacy

The IBE provides advice to policy makers in government, supports corporate governance consultations and reviews, and is an advocate for ethical business practice.

The Trustees, Directors and staff make presentations and speak at conferences nationally and internationally advocating good business practice and offer the media and others an informed opinion and advice on current issues and good practice.

Structure, Governance and Management

The Institute of Business Ethics is an incorporated charity, re-registered with the Charity Commission on 1 April 2019, as a Company limited by Guarantee. It is governed by a Memorandum and Articles, dated September 2018.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in Note 1 to the financial statements and comply with the charity's Articles, applicable law and the Statement of Recommended Practice - Accounting and Reporting by Charities: SORP applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with FRS 102.

Board of Trustees

The Trustees are responsible for the overall strategic direction of the Institute, ensuring that the IBE abides by its charitable aim, works within the law and delivers its mission effectively. The Trustees are led by the Chairman.

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Trustees serve a maximum of three three-year terms. The Trustees meet at least quarterly. New Trustee positions are advertised and applicants are interviewed by the Nominations Committee. Appointments are ratified by the whole Trustee body. Trustee induction is held at the start of the term and training is provided, as and when identified by the Chairman and/or other trustees. All Trustees give their time voluntarily and receive no benefits from the charity. Any expenses reclaimed from the charity are set out in note 5 to the accounts.

Decision-making

The Trustees reserve the following decisions to themselves:

The Trustees delegate the following decisions to the Director:

Change in Director

As of 1 May 2020, Dr Ian Peters, MBE became the Director of the IBE.

With over 30 years of experience of professional associations, Ian brings with him significant expertise and an excellent reputation for relationship building, high performance and team leadership.

Ian joins the IBE from the Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), where he served as chief executive from 2009 and where he led the significant expansion in the work and impact of the IIA. He was previously director of external affairs at the Engineering Employers Federation (EEF) and prior to that deputy director general of the British Chambers of Commerce. He also spent five years as a deputy director at the CBI where he was head of the SME unit.

We are immensely grateful to Philippa Foster Back, CBE for her 20 years of incredible service and thank her for her drive, hard work, perseverance, and support. We are delighted she has joined our International Advisory Council.

International Advisory Council

The Advisory Council members, who include the President and the Vice Presidents, provide the IBE with advice and guidance on its work programme, thought leadership and strategy. They are invited to attend bi-annual meetings and receive copies of the Director’s reports and the IBE’s events programmes and publications. In addition, The President and the Vice Presidents receive copies of the Trustees’ meeting minutes. The Advisory Council does not form part of the Institute’s formal governance structure. In 2019 the Council was renamed the International Advisory Council, with revised Terms of Reference, reflecting the wider geographic scope of the IBE.

Funding

The IBE receives financial support from corporate supporters, individuals, associations and trusts. The Institute also generates income from the provision of advisory services, training courses, project funding, the sale of publications and products and events.

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Sources of income

----- Start of picture text -----
Income for 2020
700000 67%
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
13%
9%
100000 6%
3% 2%
0
----- End of picture text -----

Through their donations, IBE supporters help to promote ethical business practice. They are encouraged to engage with us via events, publications, advice and other services that the IBE provides. Diversification of cash funds and investments is regularly reviewed in order to reduce exposure of financial risk to any single institution.

Reserves & Going Concern

The income of the Institute of Business Ethics depends mainly on donations from companies, which can fluctuate from year to year. Any reduction in these can have a considerable impact on income. In addition, the Institute initiates and incurs costs for projects that may or may not generate equivalent revenue.

The Trustees regularly review the organisation’s reserves policy and following board approval in November 2018, the following policy has been put in place based on three principles:

The first is to provide adequate working capital to cover the usual cash flow variability. Second is to cover unforeseen financial difficulties, and so allow time, should income unexpectedly fall off or unplanned expenditure be incurred, for the Board and management to take remedial action. These two provide our normal operational reserves. Thirdly, we may also wish to hold additional ‘earmarked’ reserves – designated funds within our unrestricted reserves – so as to be able to make strategic investments in future.

When we receive income subject to specific stipulations which is unspent at the end of the financial year, the balance will be is carried forward as restricted reserves, signalling they are not available for general purposes.

On working capital, a review shows we need a minimum of some £60,000 to cover routine operations for a 3-month period. This can be expected to rise if the trend to slow payment by supporters accelerates or if the balance of our work shifts away from annual subscriptions, for example towards advisory services paid on completion. Based on 2020 numbers, three months of fixed costs (salaries and rent) equates to £180.400.

Based on these calculations, the Board decided that for 2020 we should hold a minimum of £240,400 in reserves. The IBE met this policy during the reporting period and continues to do so. However, due to the fall-out from the Coronavirus pandemic the Board and management are continuing to monitor closely the level of reserves alongside income and expenditure. At 31 December 2020 total reserves were £287,246, of which unrestricted free reserves were £243,318.

Note 15 of the accompanying accounts explains our future plans to disburse the restricted and designated funds held in reserve.

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At the time of signing, the Trustees consider the Charity to be a going concern and have prepared the accounts on this basis.

Investment policy

Investments are stated at market value. The Trustees take into account social, ethical and environmental considerations when deciding where the Institute’s funds are invested.

Remuneration policy

IBE is committed to ensuring that we pay our staff fairly, and in a way that ensures we attract and retain the right skills to have the greatest impact in delivering our charitable objectives.

The Board of Trustees approve the annual percentage increase in the payroll for all staff in November, for the following salary year beginning in January, taking into account RPI as at 30 September of the current year. The Board also approves any non-consolidated pay awards and staff salary increases outside of the annual review process as recommended from time to time by the Director.

The appropriateness and relevance of the remuneration policy is reviewed annually by the Director, who is entrusted to ensure that the review includes reference to comparisons with other charities, ensuring IBE remains sensitive to the broader issues e.g. pay and employment conditions, meets all national pay standards, and provides all paid staff with a living wage. Salaries are benchmarked against similar roles within like-minded charities, the Charity Salary Survey and other comparable roles.

The Director reviews all staff pay levels annually, and new proposals are put to the Board of Trustees for review and approval. The Director is in attendance for the meeting but leaves for any discussion regarding their own remuneration.

As of December 2020, the Board have established a Remuneration Committee, who will approve any changes to staff pay levels.

Pension policy

The IBE has adhered to the Auto-Enrolment Scheme, all employees are automatically enrolled in the company pension scheme and new employees will be automatically enrolled in the National Employment Savings Trust (NEST) in accordance with the company’s obligations under the Pensions Act 2008.

Risk management

The risk register was revised and simplified in 2019, with trustees having identified 13 main residual risks. This is now reviewed at each Board meeting, with an ongoing commitment to managing those risks.

IBE CODE

The IBE has a Code of Ethics for all staff and Trustees, which is published on the website. It is to be reviewed and updated in 2021.

In order to mitigate reputation risk and avoid potential conflicts of interest, the Trustees have a Register of Interests of Trustees for internal use. This is completed by new Trustees on appointment and reviewed annually.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF BOARD EFFECTIVENESS

The Chairman conducted 1:1 interviews with each trustee in November 2020, collated feedback and presented a paper to the December board meeting on board effectiveness which was reviewed and agreed by trustees.

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Statement of Trustees’ Responsibilities

The Trustees are responsible for preparing the report of the Trustees and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

The law applicable to charities in England and Wales requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charity and of the incoming resources and application of resources of the charity for that period.

In preparing these financial statements, the Trustees are required to:

The Trustees are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charity and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Charity (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 and the provisions of the trust deed. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The Trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the charity and financial information included on the charity’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Trustees:

International Advisory Council:

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Members

Auditors

Sayer Vincent are appointed as the charity’s auditors during the year and have expressed their willingness to act in that capacity.

The trustees’ annual report has been approved by the trustees and signed on their behalf by

Dr Ian Peters, MBE Director 29 June 2021

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Independent auditor’s report

To the members of

Institute of Business Ethics

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Institute of Business Ethics (the ‘charitable company’) for the year ended 31 December 2020 which comprise the statement of financial activities, balance sheet, statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion, the financial statements:

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the charitable company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the trustees' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on Institute of Business Ethics’ ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the trustees with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other Information

The other information comprises the information included in the trustees’ annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The trustees are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

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Independent auditor’s report

To the members of

Institute of Business Ethics

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the charitable company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the trustees’ annual report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

Responsibilities of trustees

As explained more fully in the statement of trustees’ responsibilities set out in the trustees’ annual report, the trustees (who are also the directors of the charitable company for the purposes of company law) are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the trustees determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the trustees are responsible for assessing the charitable company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the trustees either intend to liquidate the charitable company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud are set out below.

Capability of the audit in detecting irregularities

In identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, our procedures included the following:

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Independent auditor’s report

To the members of

Institute of Business Ethics

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the charitable company's members as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the charitable company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charitable company and the charitable company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Judith Miller (Senior statutory auditor) 2 August 2021 for and on behalf of Sayer Vincent LLP, Statutory Auditor Invicta House, 108-114 Golden Lane, LONDON, EC1Y 0TL

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Institute of Business Ethics

Statement of financial activities

For the year ended 31 December 2020

For the year ended 31 December 2020
Note
Income from:
2
1b
3
3
3
3
3
10
4
Reconciliation of funds:
Transfer of funds
Other
Total income
Expenditure on:
Donations and legacies
Charitable activities
Advisory
Training
Meetings & Events
Publications & Projects
Raising funds
Total expenditure
Net income / (expenditure) before net
gains on investments
Charitable activities
Advisory
Training
Meetings & Events
Publications & Projects
Net gains on investments
Total funds brought forward
Total funds carried forward
Net income / (expenditure) before
other recognised gains and losses
Gains / (losses) on foreign exchange
Net movement in funds		 Unrestricted
£
611,224
117,103
60,075
88,742
33,077
-
10,345		 Restricted
£
10,000
-
-
-
-
-		 12 months
to 31 Dec
2020
Total
£
621,224
117,103
60,075
88,742
33,077
-
10,345		 Unrestricted
£
485,575
51,512
35,337
876
11,223
380,308
3,392		 15 months
to 31 Dec
2019
Restricted
Total
£
£
37,000
522,575
-
51,512
-
35,337
-
876
-
11,223
380,308
-
3,392
37,000
1,005,223
-
57,708
-
178,335
-
125,153
-
136,333
13,985
148,284
13,985
645,813
-
176
23,015
359,586
-
(787)
23,015
358,799
-
-
23,015
358,799
23,015
359,410
920,566 10,000 930,566 968,223
84,564
251,943
151,643
283,792
140,227		 -
-
-
-
27,361		 84,564
251,943
151,643
283,792
167,588		 57,708
178,335
125,153
136,333
134,299
912,169 27,361 939,530 631,828
438
8,397		 -
(17,361)		 438
(8,964)		 176
336,395
8,835
536		 (17,361)
-		 (8,526)
536		 336,571
(787)
9,371
335,784		 (17,361)
23,015		 (7,990)
358,799		 335,784
-
345,155 5,654 350,809 335,784

All of the above results are derived from continuing activities. There were no other recognised gains or losses other than those stated above. All movements in funds are disclosed above.

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Institute of Business Ethics

Balance sheet

As at 31 December 2020 Company number 11594672 Company number 11594672
Note
Fixed assets:
9
9
17
10
Current assets:
11
Liabilities:
12
15a
Total unrestricted funds
15a
Total charity funds
Investments
Cash at bank and in hand
Tangible assets
Intangible assets
Restricted funds
The funds of the charity:
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Net current assets
Total net assets
Unrestricted income funds:
Designated funds
General funds
Share in Investing in Integrity
Debtors		 £
33,014
464,265		 2020
£
£
5,037
38,891
-
30,814
74,742
111,890
333,404
445,294
165,723
276,067
350,809
55,693
280,091
345,155
5,654
350,809		 2019
£
3,123
43,228
2,500
30,376
79,227
279,572
497,279
221,212
57,909
287,246
358,799
335,784
23,015
358,799

Approved by the trustees on 29 June 2021 and signed on their behalf by

Ian Peters, MBE Director

16

Institute of Business Ethics

Statement of cash flows

For the year ended 31 December 2020

Cash in hand
Total cash and cash equivalents
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of fixed assets
Net income for the reporting period
(as per the statement of financial activities)
Gains on investments
Decrease / (Increase) in debtors
(Decrease) / Increase in creditors
Change in cash and cash equivalents due to foreign
exchange
Loss on disposal of joint venture
Analysis of cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
Change in cash and cash equivalents in the prior period
Depreciation and amortisation
Cash and cash equivalents on transfer of funds / start of
period
Change in cash and cash equivalents in the period		 £
£
(8,526)
(438)
2,500
14,168
78,876
55,489
142,069
(11,745)
(11,745)
130,324
333,404
-
538
464,266
At 1 January
2020
Cash flows
£
£
333,404
130,324
333,404
130,324
year ended 31 Dec 2020		 £
£
(8,526)
(438)
2,500
14,168
78,876
55,489
142,069
(11,745)
(11,745)
130,324
333,404
-
538
464,266
At 1 January
2020
Cash flows
£
£
333,404
130,324
333,404
130,324
year ended 31 Dec 2020		 £
£
359,586
(176)
732
(35,295)
85,319
410,165
(45,002)
(45,002)
365,164
349,336
(381,095)
-
333,404
Other
changes
At 31
December
2020
£
£
538
464,266
538
464,266
15 months ended 31 Dec
2019		 £
£
359,586
(176)
732
(35,295)
85,319
410,165
(45,002)
(45,002)
365,164
349,336
(381,095)
-
333,404
Other
changes
At 31
December
2020
£
£
538
464,266
538
464,266
15 months ended 31 Dec
2019
(11,745) (45,002)
At 1 January
2020
£
333,404		 Other
changes
£
538
130,324
333,404
-
538		 365,164
349,336
(381,095)
-
464,266 333,404
Cash flows
£
130,324		 At 31
December
2020
£
464,266
333,404 130,324 538 464,266

17

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

1 Accounting policies

a) Statutory information

Institute of Business Ethics is a charitable company limited by guarantee and is incorporated in England and Wales on 28 September 2018.

The registered office address and principal place of business is 24 Greencoat Place, London, SW1P 1BE.

b) Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) - (Charities SORP FRS 102), The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006.

Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy or note.

In applying the financial reporting framework, the trustees have made a number of subjective judgements, for example in respect of significant accounting estimates. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The nature of the estimation means the actual outcomes could differ from those estimates. Any significant estimates and judgements affecting these financial statements are detailed within the relevant accounting policy below.

The prior period was a 15 month period with 9 months of activity and as a result, amounts presented in the financial statements are not entirely comparable with the prior year.

c) Public benefit entity

The charity meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102.

The trustees consider that there are no material uncertainties about the charity's ability to continue as a going concern.

Key judgements that the charity has made which have a significant effect on the accounts include [estimating the liability from multi-year grant commitments].

The trustees do not consider that there are any sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next reporting period.

e) Income

Income is recognised when the charity has entitlement to the funds, any performance conditions attached to the income have been met, it is probable that the income will be received and that the amount can be measured reliably.

Income received in advance of the provision of a specified service is deferred until the criteria for income recognition are met.

18

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

1 Accounting policies (continued)

On receipt, donated gifts, professional services and donated facilities are recognised on the basis of the value of the gift to the charity which is the amount the charity would have been willing to pay to obtain services or facilities of equivalent economic benefit on the open market; a corresponding amount is then recognised in expenditure in the period of receipt.

g) Interest receivable

Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the charity; this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the bank.

h) Expenditure and irrecoverable VAT

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to make a payment to a third party, it is probable that settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. Expenditure is classified under the following activity headings:

Irrecoverable VAT is charged as a cost against the activity for which the expenditure was incurred.

Resources expended are allocated to the particular activity where the cost relates directly to that activity. However, the cost of overall direction and administration of each activity, comprising the salary and overhead costs of the central function, is apportioned on the following basis which are an estimate, based on staff time, of the amount attributable to each activity.

Where information about the aims, objectives and projects of the charity is provided to potential beneficiaries, the costs associated with this publicity are allocated to charitable expenditure.

Staff costs Governance Office Support
Cost of raising funds 6% 10% 10%
Advisory 17% 28% 28%
Training 11% 17% 17%
Meetings & Events 17% 26% 26%
Publications & Projects 12% 19% 19%
Support costs 32%
Governance costs 5%

j) Operating leases

Rental charges are charged on a straight line basis over the term of the lease.

k) Listed investments

Investments are a form of basic financial instrument and are initially recognised at their transaction value and subsequently measured at their fair value as at the balance sheet date using the closing

quoted market price. Any change in fair value will be recognised in the statement of financial activities. Investment gains and losses, whether realised or unrealised, are combined and shown in the heading “Net gains/(losses) on investments” in the statement of financial activities. The charity does not acquire put options, derivatives or other complex financial instruments.

19

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

1 Accounting policies (continued)

l) Debtors

Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount due after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any trade discounts due.

m) Cash at bank and in hand

Cash at bank and cash in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account. Cash balances exclude any funds held on behalf of service users.

n) Creditors and provisions

Creditors and provisions are recognised where the charity has a present obligation resulting from a past event that will probably result in the transfer of funds to a third party and the amount due to settle the obligation can be measured or estimated reliably. Creditors and provisions are normally recognised at their settlement amount after allowing for any trade discounts due.

The charity only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

o) Financial instruments

The charity only has both basic and non-basic financial assets and financial liabilities. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Non-basic financial instruments are measured at fair value with any gain or loss going to the statement of financial activities. Full details are given in the financial instruments note.

p) Pensions

The charity operates a defined contribution scheme, whereby it will put in a contribution of 5% of an employee's gross salary. Pension contributions are paid monthly in arrears, and can commence once the employee has completed the standard 3 month probationary period. There is no obligation for any employee to join the scheme and the charity has no further obligations once payments have been made.

q) Tangible fixed assets

Items of equipment are capitalised where the purchase price exceeds £500. Depreciation costs are allocated to activities on the basis of the use of the related assets in those activities. Assets are reviewed for impairment if circumstances indicate their carrying value may exceed their net realisable value and value in use. Major components are treated as a separate asset where they have significantly different patterns of consumption of economic benefits and are depreciated separately over its useful life. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write down the cost of each asset to its estimated residual value over its expected useful life. The depreciation rate in use is 4 years.

r) Intangible assets

The new IBE website, developed in 2020 went live on 13 January 2021. All installation and development costs have been classed as intangible assets. Support costs, website hosting and domain name costs are considered to be normal running costs and will be expensed in the period they are incurred.

Amortization is provided at rates calculated to write down the cost of each asset to its estimated residual value over its expected useful life. The amortization rate in use is 4 years.

20

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

2 Income from donations and legacies

Corporate subscriptions
Individual subscriptions
CRP (Contributed Income, Research & Publication Fund) - restricted fund		 year to 31 Dec
2020
15 months to
31 Dec 2019
Total
Total
£
£
607,858
480,375
3,366
5,200
10,000
37,000
621,224
522,575

All income sources listed above are unrestricted except for the £2,500 received in the current period which is restricted.

21

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

3
Raising funds
£
Staff costs (Note 5)
54,077
Project/product expenditure
-
Marketing & hospitality
-
Events
-
Publications
-
EBEF event
-
Other direct costs
-
Rent, rates & service charge
3,644
Office & IT equipment
337
Office costs
622
IT costs
1,035
Professional fees
579
Associate & Recruitment cost
1,105
Insurance
471
61,870
Support costs
17,727
Governance costs
4,967
Total expenditure 2020
84,564
Analysis of expenditure (current period)		 Charitable activities Charitable activities Publications
& Projects
£
67,690
-
3,072
977
35,990
-
-
7,155
661
1,222
2,031
1,137
2,171
925
123,031
34,806
9,751
167,588		 Governance
costs
£
38,264
-
-
-
-
-
6,233
2,983
276
509
847
474
905
386
50,877
-
(50,877)		 Support costs
year to 31
December
2020
£
£
140,368
649,737
-
9,058
-
30,722
-
2,728
-
35,990
-
78,488
-
5,361
19,278
59,590
1,781
5,506
3,292
10,176
5,473
16,918
3,064
9,470
5,849
18,079
2,493
7,707
181,598
939,530
(181,598)
-
-
-
939,530
Advisory
£
158,271
-
6,144
-
-
-
334
10,422
963
1,780
2,959
1,656
3,162
1,348
187,039
50,700
14,204
251,943		 Training
£
80,005
9,058
9,217
1,751
-
-
(1,206)
6,313
583
1,078
1,792
1,003
1,915
817
112,326
30,712
8,605
151,643		 Meetings &
Events
£
111,062
-
12,289
-
-
78,488
-
9,795
905
1,673
2,781
1,557
2,972
1,267
222,789
47,653
13,350
283,792

22

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

3 Analysis of expenditure (prior period)

Charitable activities

Staff costs (Note 5)
Project/product expenditure
Marketing & hospitality
Events
Publications
EBEF event
Other direct costs
Rent, rates & service charge
Office & IT equipment
Office costs
IT costs
Professional fees
Associate & Recruitment cost
Insurance
Support costs
Governance costs
Total expenditure 2019		 Raising funds
£
37,564
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,449
501
633
763
525
1,053
265
43,753
10,690
3,265
57,708		 Advisory
£
94,253
9,517
2,166
-
-
-
9,293
7,671
1,570
1,984
2,389
1,646
3,297
831
134,617
33,490
10,228
178,335		 Training
£
61,297
6,829
3,249
4,002
-
-
-
6,050
1,239
1,565
1,885
1,298
2,601
655
90,670
26,415
8,068
125,153		 Meetings &
Events
£
66,099
-
5,415
12,774
-
-
-
6,326
1,295
1,636
1,971
1,358
2,719
685
100,278
27,620
8,435
136,333		 Publications
& Projects
£
55,276
-
-
-
39,497
-
-
6,504
1,332
1,682
2,026
1,396
2,796
704
111,213
28,398
8,673
148,284		 Governance
costs
£
26,619
-
-
-
-
-
5,893
2,435
499
630
759
523
1,047
264
38,669
-
(38,669)		 Support costs
15 months to
31 December
2019
£
£
93,541
434,649
-
16,346
-
10,830
-
16,776
-
39,497
-
-
-
15,186
13,084
44,519
2,679
9,115
3,384
11,514
4,076
13,869
2,808
9,554
5,624
19,137
1,417
4,821
126,613
645,813
(126,613)
-
-
-
645,813

23

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

4 Net income for the period

This is stated after charging / crediting:

This is stated after charging / crediting:
15 months
year to 31 to 31 Dec
Dec 2020 2019
£ £
Operating lease rentals:
Property 43,959 30,278
Other 18,480 16,472
Auditor's remuneration (excluding VAT):
Audit 6,275 6,150
Foreign exchange gains or (losses) 536 (787)

Staff costs were as follows:

Social security costs
Salaries and wages
Employer’s contribution to defined contribution pension schemes		 year to 31
Dec 2020
15 months
to 31 Dec
2019
£
£
573,312
384,376
58,164
38,368
18,261
11,905
649,737
434,649

The following number of employees received employee benefits (excluding employer pension costs and employer's national insurance) during the accounting period between:

15 months
year to 31 to 31 Dec
Dec 2020 2019
No. No.
£70,000 - £79,999 1 1

The total employee benefits (including pension contributions and employer's national insurance) of the key management personnel were £174,170 (2019: £118,067).

The charity trustees were neither paid nor received any other benefits from employment with the charity in the period. No charity trustee received payment for professional or other services supplied to the charity.

Trustees' expenses represents the payment or reimbursement of travel and subsistence costs totalling £nil (2019: £279) incurred by 0 members (2019: 1) relating to attendance at meetings of the trustees.

24

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

6 Staff numbers

The average number of employees (head count based on number of staff employed) during the accounting period was as follows:

Raising funds
Advisory
Training
Meetings & Events
Publications and Projects
Support
Governance		 year to 31
Dec 2020
15 months
to 31 Dec
2019
No.
No.
0.9
0.7
2.4
2.2
1.5
1.7
2.3
1.8
1.7
1.9
4.5
3.8
0.7
0.7
14.0
12.8

The average number of employees (full time equivalents) during the accounting period was as follows:

Raising funds
Training
Support
Governance
Advisory
Meetings & Events
Publications and Projects		 year to 31
Dec 2020
15 months
to 31 Dec
2019
No.
No.
0.7
0.6
2.1
1.8
1.3
1.4
2.0
1.5
1.4
1.4
3.9
3.1
0.6
0.6
12.0
10.4

7 Related party transactions

There are no donations from related parties to disclose for 2020 (2019: none) which are outside the normal course of business and no restricted donations from related parties.

8 Taxation

The charity is exempt from corporation tax as all its income is charitable and is applied for charitable purposes.

25

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

9
Cost - intangibles
At the start of the period
Additions in the period
At the end of the period
Depreciation
At the start of the period
Charge for the period
At the end of the period
Charge for the period
At the end of the period
Cost - fixed
At the start of the period
Additions in the period
At the end of the period
Depreciation
At the start of the period
Fixed assets
Net book value
At the start of the period
At the end of the period
Net book value
At the end of the period
At the start of the period		 Computers
£
4,396
3,725		 Total
£
4,396
3,725
8,121 8,121
1,273
1,811		 1,273
1,811
3,084 3,084
5,037 5,037
3,123 3,123
Website
£
43,228
8,020		 Total
£
43,228
8,020
51,248 51,248
12,357
-		 12,357
-
12,357 12,357
38,891 38,891
43,228 43,228

All of the above assets are used for charitable purposes.

26

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

10
Listed investments measured through profit and loss
11
12
VAT
Creditors: amounts falling due within 12 months
Accruals
Deferred income
Trade creditors
Taxation and social security
UK Common investment funds
Investments comprise:
Fair value at the start of the period
Other debtors
Prepayments
Accrued income
Sundry creditors
Net gain / (loss) on change in fair value
Fair value at the end of the period
Debtors
Trade debtors		 year to 31
Dec 2020
30,376
438		 15 months
to 31 Dec
2019
£
30,200
176
30,814 30,376
2020
30,814		 2019
£
30,376
30,814 30,376
2020
24,329
-
8,393
292		 2019
£
43,948
3,323
56,802
7,817
33,014 111,890
2020
£
-
(5,123)
21,021
2,970
44,340
158,004		 2019
£
-
6,648
19,360
2,377
33,605
103,733
221,212 165,723

13 Deferred income

Deferred income comprises fees, corporate or individual subscriptions that have been paid in advance

Balance at the beginning of the period
Amount released to income in the period
Amount deferred in the period
Balance at the end of the period		 2020
2019
£
£
103,733
-
(103,733)
-
158,003
103,733
158,003
103,733

27

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

14a Analysis of net assets between funds (current period)

14b
15a
Movements in funds (current period)
Restricted funds:
Contributed Income, Research &
Publication Fund
Unrestricted funds:
Designated fund: Professionals
against Corruption (PaC)
General funds
Net assets at 31 December 2020
Tangible and intangible fixed assets
Net current assets
Total funds
Net assets at 31 December 2020
Analysis of net assets between funds
Tangible fixed assets
Net current assets		 At 1
January
2020
£
23,015
55,693
280,091
(prior period)		 General
unrestricted
£
43,928
243,318		 Designated
£
-
57,909		 Restricted
£
-
5,654		 Total funds
£
43,928
306,881
287,246 57,909 5,654 350,809
General
unrestricted
£
46,351
233,740		 Designated
£
-
55,693		 Restricted
£
-
23,015		 Total funds
£
46,351
312,448
280,091 55,693 23,015 358,799
Income &
gains
£
10,000
2,500
919,040		 Expenditure
& losses
£
(27,361)
(284)
(911,885)		 Transfers
£
-
-
-		 At 31
December
2020
£
5,654
57,909
287,246
358,799 931,540 (939,530) - 350,809

The narrative to explain the purpose of each fund is given at the foot of the note below.

28

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

15b Movements in funds (prior period)

General funds
Total unrestricted funds
Unrestricted funds:
Designated fund: Professionals
against Corruption (PaC)
Restricted funds:
Contributed Income, Research &
Publication Fund		 Transferred
in on 1 April
2019
£
-
64,985
315,323		 Income &
gains
£
37,000
-
588,091		 Expenditure
& losses
£
(13,985)
(773)
(631,842)		 Transfers
At 31
December
2019
£
£
-
23,015
(8,519)
55,693
8,519
280,091
-
358,799
380,308 625,091 (646,600)

Purposes of restricted funds

Contributed Income, Research & Publication Fund

This is a fund from a series of requested donations for the purpose of the IBE Research and Publication Supporters Fund, that will allow IBE to create more resources and freely disseminate them more widely. The monies collected so far will be spent by Q2 of 2020.

Purposes of designated funds

Professionals against corruption

A group of professional services firms have reached an agreement with the IBE, to work together on an anticorruption and anti-money laundering agenda,. The funds will be drawn down to facilitate research and projects connected to this agenda

16 Operating lease commitments

The charity's total future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases is as follows for each of the following periods

each of the following periods
Less than 1 year
1 - 5 Years		 2020
2019
£
£
-
101,595
-
75,709
-
177,304
Property		 2020
2019
£
£
-
309
-
-
-
309
Equipment
- 177,304

29

Institute of Business Ethics

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2020

17 Share in Investing in Integrity

The charity owned 50% of the issued ordinary share capital of Investing in Integrity Ltd, a company regstered in England, with the remaining 50% owned by the Chartered Institure of Securities and Investments. The trustees believe that the company qualified as a joint venture for accounting purposes. Given the level of activities, consolidated accounts have not been prepared as the effect on both the Statement of Financial Activities and the Balance Sheet would be immaterial.

The company Investing in Integrity was closed down and wound up during 2020. All surplus funds (less processing fees) were split 50/50 between the IBE and the Chartered Institute of Securities and Investments.

Gross profit
Administrative expenses
Turnover
Cost of sales
Loss for financial year		 2020
2019
£
£
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(114)
-
(114)

The charity's share of any profit or loss is 50% of the overall. Adminstrative expenses above includes payments made under gift aid to the controlling parties. The payment made to the charity has been included within voluntary income.

Retained Earnings
Total
The charity's share of the equity of Investing in Integrity consists of:
Share Capital		 2020
2019
£
£
-
2,500
-
121
-
2,621

30