Charfty number: 1179461
DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL CIO
ANNUAL REPORT AND RECEIPT AND PAYMENT ACCOUNTS
YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2022
kLGriffin

DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL CIO
CONTENTS
Page
Reference and admlnlstrative details
Trustees, report
Independent examiner's report
Recelpt and payments
Statement of assets and liabilities

DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL CIO
REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2022
Tru8ts&8
D$bor8h Chappell, Chair
Sarah Lu8comba Ire$igned 30 Sept8mber 20211
Sharon Collins
Gemma RieJ)ards lappointad 30 Septembèr 20211
Charlty reo18tsrod numbar
1179461
PrlncSpal offl¢•
Dunkoswell Pre-school
Unil 6 Culme Way
Dunke8w•II
Honilon
X144JP
Accountants
GrSffin
Chartered Accountsn18
165 Hlgh Stre&l
Honiton
EX14 1LQ
Pag8 1

DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL CIO
TRUSTEE8' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2022
Th8 Trustee9 pr&sent their annual report tog8lh8r with th8 accounts of Dunkesw811 Pr¢-School for the
year ended 31 July 2022. The Trustee8 confirm that the annual report and accounts of the tharity
comply with curr6nl slalulory requirements, the requiremellls ol the charity's governing document and
the provisions of the Statement of R8commended Piaclice ISORP) "Accounting and Reporting
Charf16os" Is8ued in March 2006.
Structure. Gov•rnance & Management
Ounkesw811 Pr￿sChOol 18 a charity pre-5eh¢ol governed by the PLA Constitution. All TIu8lee8 aro
voted on once a year at the Annual General Meeting by ¢)th8Y commillee members. 11 sorneone shows
an intefa8t in be¢omlng a Trustee, they will work alongside a current Trustee for a period of lime
befts￿ fully laklng over tha rola. The Truste95 consi(ler major risks by having 8 pro$pectiV8 which 18
Ltpdated a8 new legl81alion. rules and rogulBtion6 comè into place.
Oble¢tIv￿ & Actlvltlety
The ¢harily'8 objectiva is lo enhance the development and educallon of chSldren und8r slalulory
8chool ages in a parènl.Involvlng commurity-bBs&d gTOUP. The main activitie8 undertaken by th¢
charity for public ben&fll are lo provide a 88fe, secure and 51imulaling en￿rOnment and also lo work
within 8 from6work to ensure equal opportunllleB for all chlldren and familiès.
A¢hlgvoments & Perfomiance
Th8 charSty'8 last Olsled in8pe¢lSon was Oclobtsr 2019 and were awaided a 'good" ratlng. The
aftermelh of the global pandemic
coronavirus has conllnugtj lo ohange a lol of thing8 for u8.
Adaptlng to a new normal has been Blranoe lo say lhe18851, il confjnués to have 8 hug9 Impact on the
lype of fundraisers we are able lo hold. A8 the tru$lgés are volunteers, we hav8 conllnued lo do our
bgst to continue handle the best we posslbly can during such evarchanging and uncertain timas.
Throughout 2021 and 2022 w8 Stlll follow c1088ly any grjvèrnmonl guidelines lo work $8faly lo
protect sl8ff and chlldren, along wllh 811 the ch#nges wo Introduced1¥8t yegr. Communication between
the school and parents has been good wllh lellers and emails and r8gu18r T8peslry upd8teB. 2022 ha8
allowed u8 lo hogl parent meellngs lo keep Ihg parents fully up to dale wlth their child'8 progress.
Unfortunately. we still have not b$on able lo hold vary many large fundr8iBlng events followlng on from
last year. Here's 10 8 beller year for 2022 to 2023.
Page 2

DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL CIO
TRUSTEES. REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2022
Autumn torm 2021
We stsrtgd the term with 24 children en the books.
Ralny continuing her training a$ députy and doing her lev¢l 3 Iralning.
Angela stsrted as a support work8r and our new admlnl$lralor.
We received a ¢hequé from a former pupil Eloise Lu8combe. who had done a half marathon ovar the
¥ummer holidays lo raise money for the Pre-school faiging £213. Well doné Elolse.
We had a staff mèeting in Seplemb8r lo yo through the statutory framework for Early years
foundation stage Septembor 2021. Development matters, birth to threè matters, under 5 magazine
gnd nursery world.
We went through tho new Prospectus that the Irusleès, Rainy and I complled. We talked about
supervisions and all thou9h we may not gel tc* do written ones.
We do suporvlslon8 all day every day, talking to each other, workln9 the best way forward lo any
problem. I will comment or suggest things as we go along as always.
Angela 81arted her level 2 training.
We approached the Parish council about h8vln9 a slrfp of land for an allolm8nt, whlch they wero
happy to oblige and hav6 8UPPOrt8d us through Ihls Idea.
Wo did parents meèllngj ovor Ihg phone In December. and we had a Chrlstma8 Party wllh George
the m8glclan and Father Christmas attendlng.
Sprlng tsmi 2022
We started the lem with 29 chlldron, th18 was a dlfficull term with evary member of slaff having coviJ
In thlg term.
W& dld tha be$1 w8 ￿Ul￿ do, but somelimgs we had 10 18k ¢hlldr8n lo $toy hom• to keep wllhln Ihts
rallos.
In F•b¢uary Ralny completed tsyo years of belng Traineo Deputy 8nd Is eontlnulng her levo13 training,
Once Ralny ha$ completéd her level three, we wlll amend all paperwork to Deputy.
. We held a staff moeling lo di$¢u89 ohlldr8n, concerny, and plannlng.
Gemma l$upportworkerl left lo tske over her Mum'g job as her Mum retired.
We were wailing for the fenc8 lo be er¢cled around th& plece ol land The Parfsh Ceundl has glvon
us for an allotment.
Paue 3

DUNKESWELL PRE￿cHOoL CIO
TRUSTEES. REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2022
Summor tomi 2022
We started the term with 32 children on the book$.
Claire started as a tèmporary Support just for a term a8 the chlld was golng off to achool in
Septsmber.
I had gom8 time off thi8 lem lo my mother belng 8•riously111, l am very gratefully lo the trusteas
and my staff for pulllng together gnd allowing me to lako this tlme off go I could be with my mothar.
The fence at the allotment has been érected so we $penl limè there with th8 children planting frult,
vegetables, and flowers.
We were amazed at vthat we produced in such 8 brief time. Peas, potat083, couryeltss, green
peppers. beetroot, sw8d8s. beautlful sunflowers, and we hava sprouts and sweelcorn 51111 to plck.
The community has rèally supptsrted u8 in this projecl and have given us most ol the seeds and
pl4n18 we have grown Thank you to everybody.
We h081ed s 16avers party in the pork and sald goodbye to 8 Ghildren, we had a lovaly day doing
erafts, bubblés, muslc and eating.
Clairè finished working with a support ohild bul enjoyed il $0 much and 8h8 fltted in with us and was
incredibly good wsth the chlld, we agked il sh6 would1Ske lo alay on bank and she agr88d and she Is
undertaking her level 2 whlch Is brilliant n8w$ for the Pre-sohool.
I think the la81 y•ar8 has bèen Incredlbly chAll8nglng dug lo covld And ouallièd staff shortagoa.
l oplSmi$llc about the future, we aro incredibly lucky to have three, ￿Ve1 3 staff with ov&r eo years
experi8n¢g b&￿e8￿ thèm and three new members who are committed to working in our charlty run,
¢ommunity ba8e Pre-school wanting the absoluto bo$1 for our chlldren and ar8 willlng lo do the Iralnlng
to mako surè are chlldren hgve the bè91.
Angelo has finlshed and recelved her levg12 Gertifi¢ale. Well done lo Angola lor all hei challenglno
work over the last y90r, learnlng new jobs and dolng h8r tralning, you havo becom• a r881 asset lo
th8 Pre-school, and when you are roady, we would love you lo do your levol 3.
Rainy ha8 been trainee Deputy and dolng heT16vel 3 tralnlng fer th8 last year9, 8h8 Is Iu81 awalllng
her certificate and sh& has flnishgd.
Well donè to Rainy. 11 18 an Incredible &chlevem¢nl, training, Studying. runnlng thè lamlly hom& and
h•lping run her partner's bu¥ine$s, bul you have dong it. Wo ar8 anormously proud of you, and we are
lucky lo havg you 98 our Deputy. Thank you and we look forward to worfting ￿th you for many yoars to
¢ome.
Thank-you lo the Iruslees for all their incredlblé, challenging work helping run thè Pra-school and
organige fundrai8lng evgnts. l am really hoping new that covSd Is calming down that more parents will
Como on the fundralslng committee to hglp you.
Big thank-you Ic* Jull& and Christian Meads for allowing us to use the buSld rent fr09. this 18 a massive
help, and we all appreciate il very much. Without Petiple like your8elveg wo would not have a prg-
school.
Page 4

DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL CIO
TRUSTEES, REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2022
Thank-you lo our parl8h council and all tsur community for the continued support you all show us,
whether il be supporting our book Stall or help run our book stall lespecially Elaine from the ¢harity run
community halll our produce stall, putting in our collecting tins around the village, giving raffle prizes
and lols more.
We really do appreGiate il and by continuing to All work together wè can eontlnu6 to run our charity run,
communily-based pre-school.
R•8•rvas pollcy
Tha charity has 6slimaled that in the event of a c108ure. the nece88ary redundancy and unavoidable
running 8xpenses would èquatè lo approximately £40,000, which forms the Cherity's r8sérv&s pollw.
As of 31 July 2022, the charlty held lotsl cash funds of £68,998, so has suffl¢ienl ros¢rves lo $ati8fy its
ongoing obllgall¢ns.
Flnanclal R•vl•w
The prln¢ipla$ soU￿e of funds 18 govemmenl fundlng- 3-y&ar-old bjnding, 2-ye•r-old fundln9 and 30
hour working parent fundlng. Par8nl$ of children who do not quallfy for these funded hours or use
moro than thelr fvnded hours are Involcod al the end of èach half18rm,
We have three bank a¢count8'. Curr8nt Account. Fundralslng Account and SavSngs Account. Finances
are reviewed by the Tru8tee8 1¢ delarmlnè how much fundraigin9 need¥ to be don• and maklng Sure
Ihts money is Spent for the benafit of the current pros¢hool ¢hlldr&n.
The roport Was approved by th$ Tru8t6&8 on tsB/tr¥/ ¥ i and slgned on Ihelr behalf by..
Deborah Chappell
Chalr of Trusteos
Page 5

DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL
INDEPENDENT EXAPIIINER'S REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2022
INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S STATEMENT
In ¢onnoction with my examination, no matter8 have Come to my attention..
{11 which give8 me reasonable cause to believe that in any materlal re8ped the requirements..
. to keep accounting ￿COrdS in a¢cordance with seellon 130 of the 2011 Act and
• to prepare accounts which accord with thè accounllng record8 and o¢mply wlth the a¢¢ounting
requirement$ of the 2011 Act
have not been met or
121 lo which, in my opinion, attention should be drawn In order to enable a propèr und8r8landing of the
accounts to bé raached
I have no concerns Énd havè coma across no other matters in connection wth thè èxaminallon lo
whiGh attention should be drawn in this report In order lo engble o proper understanding of the
account8 t¢ be re8ch$d.
Mi8ty Nl¢kg11$ FCA
Grlffln
Chart•rod A¢countant#
165 Hlgh Street
Honlton
EX14 1LQ
Dalod.. /¥
Pagè6

DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL
INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY2022
INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES OF DUNKESWELL PRE4CHOOL
I report on the accounts of the Trust for tho period ènded 31 Juty 2022 whi¢h are $81 out on pages 8. 9
and 10.
This rgport 18 made solely to the ¢harity8 Trustees, as a body, in accordance with saction 145 of the
Charities Act 2011 and regulations made under Section 154 of that Act. My work h88 been undertaken
so that I might slate to the charity's Trustee8 Ih08e matters l am required 1¢ slato to thém in an
Independent examinerfs report and for no other purpo8e. To the fullest extent permittfjd bylaw, I do not
accept or assume respon8ibiltty to anyone other than the Charlty and the charit￿8 Trvslees as a body,
for my work or for Ihls report.
RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIE8 OF TRUSTEES AND EXAfvIINER
The chgrily's trustees are responslble for the preparallon of thè accounts. The charity'8 Iru8leÈ8
con$ld&r that an audit Is not requlred for Ihls year undor 8oclion 144{2) of the Charlll88 Act 2011 Ilhe
2011 Acll and that an independont examination ne¢d¢d.
11 18 my re$pon8lblllty to:
• examiné thè accounts under gecllon 145 of the 2011 Act
to follow the proc8dur8s18ld down In th8 genÉral dirècbon8 glvan by tho cornmlsslon undor
sèdon 14515llbl of thé 2011 Act
. to Slate whether particular matters havè eom¢ lo my atlenllon
BASIS OF INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT
My ex8min8llon was carrted out In ?c¢ordance with the 98neral Direction8 glven by the Charfty
Commission. An 8xarninatlon includes 8 rèviaw of th8 accounting records kept by the charity and a
comparison of the accounts prosentsd wlth those racords. 11 Also Includes consideration of any
unusual Item8 or dls¢losure8 In the accounts, and Seeking explanations from you a8 trustees
concernlng any Such mallers. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would
be raqulred In an audlt and consequently no opinlon Is glven as to wh8lhér the a¢COL¢nls pr6senl
and falr vlw, ond th¢ r&port Is Ilmlted lo those mattérs sel out In the n•xl stgtom8nl.
Page 7

DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL CIO
RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY2022
UnMstriet•d
funds
2022
Reetrfcted
funds
2022
Total
fund8
2022
Total
fund$
2021
R¢colpts
Fundraisino
Donations
Devon County Councll
PAYE
Inte￿81
Fees from parent8
Sweatshirt8 and Tw8hSrt8
1.386
363
54,754
1.385
363
54,754
1,S8S
2,631
88.242
21,373
75
21,373
7S
16,3e9
93
TOTAL RECEIPTS
77,954
77,954
85,904
Payments
Adv8rt1glng
Bank ChargeB
DBS eh8cks
Computer Co8ts
Consum9blg8
Equlwronl
Food
Gift
Insurances
Maintenance
Gen¢ral admin expen8es
018téd Feé
Othgr Professional Servic09
Payroll Expèndilu
Pèn8lon
Printing, P08tage and Slationery
R&i$lng fvnds
Rubbish collection
C¥¥rfed forward
335
184
120
335
118
120
645
1,045
182
482
300
830
1.132
2,e22
13
1.107
1.828
463
245
187
815
259
809
182
482
800
830
1,132
2,622
1.379
1,379
689
863
1,710
19
191
8S2
9,691
2,427
575
2,427
578
934
13,192
934
13,192
Pag& 8

DUNKESWELL PRE*CHOOL CIO
RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2022
Unrestricted
funds
2022
Ro$trlct¢d
fund$
2022
Total
funds
2022
Total
fun
2021
Payments
Brought foJvJard
Staff training
Staff uniforrns
13,192
13,192
9,891
503
2,311
72,735
503
2,311
72,735
350
2,579
44,427
Wage8 and 8alarl&8
TOTAL PAYMENTS
88,741
88,741
57,047
SURPLUSIIDEFICITI
Page 9

DUNKESWELL PRE-SCHOOL CIO
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2022
Unre$trlcted
funds
2022
Restrlctod
funds
2022
Total
funds
2022
Total
funds
2021
C*8h fund8
Current Account
Fundraising Account
Savlngs Acoounl
Cash Balance
24,446
6,947
37,e03
10
24,448
e,947
37,803
10
36.590
7,706
35.499
TOTAL ASSETS
69,008
69,008
79.795
The accounts wtrra approved by the Tru8teos on o*lo¥/)Jand slgn•d on IheSr behalf by..
m(rf/
Deborah Chappell
Chalr of Trustsos
Page 10


Dunkeswell Pre-school AGM 20[th] September 2022 Chairperson’s report 

Trustees: Debbie Tootell – Chair Gemma Richards – Secretary Sharon Collins- Treasurer 

Fundraising committee: Tina Brown Rosalie Palfrey Laura Spence Louise Molcher Michelle Reene 

Events: September 2021 - September 2022 

- Christmas Table top sale 

- Christmas Bingo 

- Easter coffee morning 184.50 

- Easter Bingo 93.40 

Feb bingo 133.10 Summer Bingo 18 

This year has been a really exciting year for the preschool, with permission from the parish council we were able to secure a stretch of land at the Allotments and create our own preschool allotment. The children have enjoyed growing and harvesting their own vegetables which have been sold on the preschool stall. This is an amazing space for the children to enjoy and we can’t wait to see what they will be doing throughout the year. 



Communication between the school and parents has been good with letters and emails and regular Tapestry updates. All though one of the many challenges of the year has been staff shortages everyone has done an outstanding job of keeping the preschool open when there have been shortages. Staff have also been completing Parents evening phone calls when possible, to keep parents fully up to date with their child’s progress. 

It has been wonderful to be able to host a few more fundraisers this year, it has been fantastic to be able to engage with the community again. Unfortunately, the last fundraiser of the summer had to be postponed due to bad weather but we are really excited to be hosting this fundraiser on the 25[th] September, fingers crossed for good weather. 

The Christmas table top sale raised ….. along with the Christmas Bingo which also raised……., we hosted the Easter coffee morning which raised ……, the Easter bingo raised …….. and we held a valentine’s bingo and a summer Bingo which raised …… 

We also had a member of the Public complete a Virtual walk which raised an amazing £75 for the preschool. A huge well done and thank you to Marie. 

Angela started a Bag2school collection which was great success and raised £95 for the preschool. Such a fantastic idea. 

I would Like to say a huge thank you to the fundraising committee and all who have helped us with events and helped us to continue to raise money for the Preschool throughout the year.. 

We do however have fairly low numbers of volunteers for the fundraising committee, as so many parents left this year as their children were moving on to school, without volunteers for our events they won’t be possible. We are a charity and committee run Preschool, our current members of the fundraising committee have been amazing and we cannot thank them enough for their ongoing support and we do receive a great amount of local support but we do 



desperately need some new members to Continue to run these events, we are certainly not expecting parents to commit to every fundraiser but we do feel that parents should try to get involved if they can with some of the fundraisers. We hold these events so that we can raise funds for our children to have the best preschool experience we can give them. 

Sadly we have had to say goodbye to Gemma Joslin this year but we hope she is doing well and wish her all the best for the future. Claire has stepped in to take over Gemma’s role until the end of last term but has kindly agreed to work with us if we have staff shortages which is amazing to hear. 

We have had a very steady year financially which has allowed us to offer the preschool staff 25 hours Minimum a month to hopefully help to combat staff shortages and allow the preschool the time they need deserve to be able to balance the workload. We have also made some changes to the opening and closing times for the preschool as the previous hours were losing money due to not as many parents taking up the sessions. The preschool now opens from 08:30 to 15:00. Due to increasing business costs, we have had to monitor our finances regularly, we are in a strong position and will continue to monitor preschool finances over the coming year to ensure we are a sustainable business. Sharon the treasurer has been keeping us up to date with the accounts. 

Lastly,I would like to say thank you to the trustees, parents and Fundraising committee who have supported myself as chair but also for the ongoing support and dedication to the preschool. I would also like to thank all the local people, organisations, and businesses for their continued support with donations to our fundraisers. we could not do it without your generosity, and of course a huge thank you to the staff, this year has been full of challenges, and you have all handled them with professionalism and dedication. We are incredibly lucky to have such an amazing team teaching our young children and I like most of the parents am so grateful for the fantastic start you give them. 




Dunkeswell Pre-school AGM 20[th] September 2022 

Playleaders report 

Autumn term 2021 

We started the term with 24 children on the books. 

Rainy continuing her training as deputy and doing her level 3 training. 

Angela started as a support worker and our new administrator. 

We received a cheque from a former pupil Eloise Luscombe, who had done a half marathon over the summer holidays to raise money for the Pre-school raising £213 well done Eloise. 

We had a staff meeting in September to go through the statutory framework for Early years foundation stage September 2021, Development matters, birth to three matters, under 5 magazine and nursery world. 

We went through the new Prospectus that the trustees and Rainy and me compiled. We talked about supervisions and all though we may not get to do written ones. 

We do supervisions all day every day, talking to each other, working the best way forward to any problem. I will comment or suggest things as we go along as always. 

Angela started her level 2 training. 

We approached the Parish council about having a strip of land for an allotment, which they were happy to oblige and have supported us through this idea. 

We did parents meetings over the phone in December, and we had a Christmas party with George the magician and Father Christmas attending. 

Spring term 2022 

We started the term with 29 children, this was a difficult term with every member of staff having covid in this term. 

We did the best we could do, but sometimes we had to ask children to stay home to keep within the ratios. 

In February Rainy completed two years of being Trainee Deputy and is continuing her level 3 training, Once Rainy has complied her level three we will amend all paperwork to Deputy. 

We held a staff meeting to discuss children, concerns, and planning. 

Gemma support worker, left to take over her Mum’s job as her Mum retired. 

We were waiting for the fence to be erected around the piece of land The parish council has given us for an allotment 



Summer term 2022 

We started the term with 32 children on the books. 

Claire started as a temporary support just for a term as the child was going off to school in September. 

I had some time off this term due to my mother being seriously ill, I am very gratefully to the trustees and my staff for pulling together and allowing me to take this time off so I could be with my mother. 

The fence down the allotment has been erected so we spent time down the allotment with the children planting fruit, vegetables, and flowers. 

And we were amazed at what we produced in such a brief time, peas, potatoes, courgettes, green peppers, beetroot, swedes, beautiful sunflowers, and we have sprouts and sweetcorn still to pick. 

The community has really supported us in this project and have given us most of the seeds and plants we have grown, thank you to everybody. 

We hosted a leavers party in the park and said goodbye to 8 children, we had a lovely day doing crafts, bubbles, music and eating. 

Claire finished working with a support child but enjoyed it so much and she fitted in with us and was incredibly good with the child, we asked if she would like to stay on bank and she agreed and she is undertaking her level 2 which is brilliant new for the Pre-school. 

I think the last two years has been incredible challenging due to covid and qualified staff shortages. 

But I am optimistic about the future, we are incredibly lucky to have three, level 3 staff with over 60 years experiences between them and three new members who are committed to working in our charity run, community base Pre-school wanting the absolute best for our children and are willing to do the training to make sure are children have the best. 

Angela has finished and received her level 2 certificate, well done to Angela for all her challenging work over the last year, learning two new jobs and doing her training, you have become a real asset to the Pre-school, and when you are ready, we would love you to do your level 3. 

And Rainy has been trainee Deputy and doing her level 3 training for the last two years, she is just awaiting her certificate and she has finished. 

Well done to Rainy it is an incredible achievement, training, studying, running the family home and help running her partner's business, but you have done it We are enormously proud of you, and we are lucky to have you as our Deputy, thank you and we look forward to working with for many years to come. 

Thank-you to the trustees for all their incredible challenging work helping run the Pre-school and organise fundraising events. I am really hoping now that covid is calming down that more parents will come on the fundraising committee to help you. 

Big thank-you to Julie and Christian Meads for allowing us to use the build rent free, this is a massive help, and we all appreciate it very much, without people like yourselves we would not have a preschool. 



Thank-you to our parish council and all our community for the continued support you all show us wither it be supporting our book stall or help run our book stall (especially Elaine from the charity run community hall) our produce stall, putting in our collecting tins around the village, giving raffle prizes and lots lots more. 

We really do appreciate it and by continuing to all work together we can continue to run our charity run, community base pre-school. 

THANK YOU TO YOU ALL 

LOVE AND BEST WISHES 

HELEN 

