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2023-09-30-accounts

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THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT | REGISTERED CHARITY NO.1174970 | 1ST OCT 2022–30TH SEPT 2023

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Welcome from Mariya...........................3 From our Founder-Director.................4 Meet our Team.......................................6 Update from our Ambassador.............7 Hummingbird Services......................... 9 Global Social Club.................................10 Be Well Be Heard...................................11 Learning Space.......................................12 Young Leaders........................................13 Meet Leah................................................14 Partner Highlight....................................15 From our Chair........................................16 Meet our Trustees..................................18 Treasurer’s Report.................................19 Trustee’s Statement..............................21 Accounts..................................................23

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"I’m honoured to be here reflecting on my journey with The Hummingbird Project and the invaluable lessons I have learned along the way at Young Leaders and Global Social Club.”

When I first arrived in the country, I was alone with no family, no friends, a new language, and a new culture. Life was difficult and full of challenges.

When I joined Young Leaders, I was unsure of what to expect. I knew that I had a passion for helping others and a desire to make a positive impact on my community. But, I had no idea where this journey would take me.

Looking back, I can say with certainty that The Hummingbird Project has changed my life in more ways than I could have imagined. Through the Young Leaders programme I have gained a deeper understanding of what it means to be a leader. I have learned that leadership is not about having all the answers or being the loudest voice in the room. Instead, it’s about listening, learning and working together to achieve a common goal.

I want to continue to raise awareness and stand with young women from refugee backgrounds. I want to show all young women from refugee backgrounds that we need to stand shoulder to shoulder to bring positive changes to our lives.

I learned that by putting myself in the shoes of others I have been able to connect with people on a deeper level and develop meaningful relationships. At Global Social Club I have also become a Welcome Buddy, helping new people settle in.

Of course, this journey has not been without its challenges. I have faced moments of doubt and uncertainty, but with the support of the Hummingbird team and my support workers, I have been able to overcome these obstacles and emerge as a more confident and capable leader.

As I look to the future I am filled with hope and excitement of what is to come. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to grow, learn and make a difference in the world. At Hummingbird, we gather to recognise and celebrate the resilience, courage and determination of refugees who have endured unimaginable hardships and struggles in their journey towards a safer and brighter future. I am excited to continue my journey at Hummingbird and to see the impact we can make together."

Mariya- Hummingbird Young Leader and GSC Welcome Buddy

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Meet Our Team
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The Hummingbird Refugee Project is a multi-award winning organisation that runs youthcentred services and activities for young people. Our services are designed to provide our members with the care and support they need, and a platform to promote youth-led action.

Our services support young refugees between the ages of 14 and 25, many of whom arrived in the UK as unaccompanied children. The project is based in Brighton, and works with those living in the city and across East and West Sussex.

We work collaboratively with young people so that they can design and steer the services around them. We pride ourselves on our participatory approach to youth work, always valuing the expertise and lived experiences that each young member brings.

211 young people attended (31 young women, 178 male 2 non-binary/questioning)

Under 18 : 98 Over 18 : 113

Average number of young people attending per week: 39

89 young people supported (23 young women, 65 male 1 non nonbinary/questioning) Under 18 : 25 Over 18 : 6 4

Biggest issues presenting: Homelessness, mental health issues, hotels

Number of young people in crisis* 56

3 per week supported through crisis*

47 young people attended (10 young women, 37 male)

16 young people attended (4 young women, 12 male)

Under 18 : 26 Over 18 attending: 21

Under 18 : 0 Over 18 attending: 16

Average number of young people Interesting Firm Topics attending per week: 10

Number of young people in crisis* : 6

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Leah is a resilient young woman navigating the challenges of seeking asylum in the UK after facing persecution in her home country due to her sexuality. Since arriving in Brighton, Leah has engaged with many of our services, including Young Leaders and Global Social Club, and has developed long lasting friendships and grown in confidence.

Leah has faced many obstacles since arriving in the UK, but in particular in her education and housing. As an aspiring NHS nurse, Leah was offered a place on a local college course in Brighton, but was refused a grant or loan for her student fees due to her immigration status. When Leah had arrived she had been placed in a Home Office-run hotel, but when hotels in Brighton were told they were closing, like others she was at risk of homelessness.

Leah was supported by one of our Hummingbird Specialist Support Workers, who worked with her to navigate the systemic barriers in order to change her circumstances. Working with her local community and Hummingbird’s network of partners and supporters in the Brighton region, our team and Leah were able to secure stable housing and to raise the funding needed to cover the full cost of her studies. Leah is now on her way to becoming a nurse.

Despite the persecution she faced in her home country, she proudly marched with us in the 2023 Brighton Pride Parade. She describes below how she now feels her lived experiences will help her in her career as nurse in the UK:

"In my home country, I was rushed into hospital, but I was told they wouldn't treat me due to my sexuality. The chemist wouldn't assist me either, due to the criminalisation of LGBTQ+ people. These experiences were difficult but they will inform me and the care that I will give to others in the future. When I am a nurse, I will treat everyone with dignity and respect. I would understand fully that every human life counts no matter what race, religion, sexuality and political views we have. I would always strive to improve the self-esteem of patients as I know that can help those with suicidal thoughts. It is my hope that through my work, I would be able to help people feel loved and acknowledged.”

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Partner Highlight
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Jamie’s Farm

A 5 Day Residential for Young People

In 2023 we accompanied 17 young people on two residential trips to Jamie’s Farm, a charity equipping young people to thrive through a unique blend of farming, community and therapy. On each occasion we spent five days at a beautiful farm house surrounded by rolling hills, the sound of birds singing, and had a morning wake up call from the resident farm animals. On our first visit we led a trip to Jamie’s

Farm in Hereford, nestled between the Black Mountains and the Brecon Beacons. On our second visit we led a trip to Jamie’s Farm in Arlington, just outside of Lewes in the South Downs National Park. This was the first introduction to the British countryside for many of the young people on the trip.

During the residential trip young people were provided with the opportunity to participate in a range of activities including farming, food growing and gardening, horse work, log chipping, crafts, and a daily walk in the countryside. Some of the animals they had the opportunity to work with included Aberdeen Angus cattle, Lleyn and Suffolk ewes, chickens, and a naughty herd of goats that made multiple attempts to escape. We also enjoyed the company of two horses called Toffee and Squidge. Lot’s of these experiences were completely new to the young people. They navigated challenging tasks and unfamiliar social situations with courage, grace and perseverance, and grew in confidence as a result.

Alongside practical activities, young people were provided one-to-one and group reflective sessions to support them to vocalise their emotions, challenges, positive experiences and their appreciation for one another.

Young people were at the heart and centre of the kitchen throughout the week, and had the opportunity to share food, recipes and stories from their heritage. Some of the culinary highlights were Matoke from Uganda, Sirniki - a type of fluffy pancake from Ukraine, Borani Banjan and Biryani from Afghanistan, freshly made stone baked pizza, Zigni Berbere from Eritrea and homemade injera.

We’ve witnessed beautiful friendships and communities develop as a result of these residential trips. We’re extremely grateful to Jamie’s Farm for providing us with these unique therapeutic opportunities and look forward to working with them again in the future.

“I enjoy feeding animals and being with new people even if I don’t know them before, I enjoyed joining them, like the staff who work with us. I hope we can come again. I would love to tell them thank you. Jamie’s Farm have so many fun – I cannot count – the animals – you will have fun, learn new skills, like feeding animals, working outside on the farm, cutting wood, you do simple things but it helps, using simple things. I learned a lot of skills. I have learnt that nothing is impossible, nothing you cannot do, if you love your work, nothing you cannot do. Everything you can do!”

“My favourite part...meeting lovely people, it’s nice to join the group, such lovely people. I enjoyed making friends because I was afraid before that I cannot make friends. It was brave for me to come, very brave. What I have enjoyed is that everything was perfect, but the most I have enjoyed was talking with all the people and that helps me to know who I am. And feeding the animals in the morning I really enjoyed it. Coming here is helping me to refresh my mind. What I’ve learned about myself? At the time I told myself “I cannot do it”, but I have learned about myself that if I just go for it, I can do it. So I am proud of myself, I did it! I would like to thank you and all of this group, such a lovely memory, I never expected such lovely people.”

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Meet Our Trustees
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Signed
Fabia Bates (Chair)
30/07/2024
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22

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT

TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

I report to the trustees on my examination of the financial statements of The Hummingbird Refugee Project (the charity) for the year ended 30 September 2023.

Responsibilities and basis of report

As the trustees of the charity you are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the requirements of the Charities Act 2011 (the 2011 Act).

I report in respect of my examination of the charity’s financial statements carried out under section 145 of the 2011 Act. In carrying out my examination I have followed all the applicable Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act.

Independent examiner's statement

Since the charity’s gross income exceeded £250,000 your examiner must be a member of a body listed in section 145 of the 2011 Act. I confirm that I am qualified to undertake the examination because I am a member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, which is one of the listed bodies.

Your attention is drawn to the fact that the charity has prepared financial statements in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) in preference to the Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice issued on 1 April 2005 which is referred to in the extant regulations but has now been withdrawn.

I understand that this has been done in order for financial statements to provide a true and fair view in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Practice effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2015.

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe that in any material respect:

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the financial statements to be reached.

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F J Wilde FCCA MBA DChA

Warner Wilde 4 Marigold Drive Bisley Surrey GU24 9SF

Dated: 30th July 2024

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES INCLUDING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2023
2023
Notes
£
£
Income from:
Donations and legacies
3
135,593
186,228
Expenditure on:
Raising funds
4
8,959
190
Charitable activities
5
153,912
194,878
Total expenditure
162,871
195,068
Net income/(expenditure) and
movement in funds
(27,278)
(8,840)
Reconciliation of funds:
Fund balances at 1 October
2022
35,530
98,329
Fund balances at 30
September 2023
8,252
89,489
Total
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2023
2022
2022
£
£
£
321,821
93,522
236,094
9,149
4,895
689
348,790
89,751
179,215
357,939
94,646
179,904
(36,118)
(1,124)
56,190
133,859
36,654
42,139
97,741
35,530
98,329
Total
2022
£
329,616
5,584
268,966
274,550
55,066
78,793
133,859

The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year. All income and expenditure derive from continuing activities.

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

BALANCE SHEET

AS AT 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

Notes
Current assets
Debtors
10
Cash at bank and in hand
Creditors: amounts falling due within
one year
11
Net current assets
The funds of the charity
Restricted income funds
14
Unrestricted funds
2023
£
504
105,756
106,260
8,519
£
97,741
89,489
8,252
97,741
2022
£
504
172,492
172,996
39,137
£
133,859
98,329
35,530
133,859

The financial statements were approved by the trustees on 10th July 2024

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.............................. A Gourlay Trustee

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

1 Accounting policies

Charity information

The Hummingbird Refugee Project is a Charitable Incorporated Organisation registered on 4 October 2017 .

1.1 Accounting convention

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the charity's governing document, the Charities Act 2011, FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the Charities SORP "Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)" (effective 1 January 2019). The charity is a Public Benefit Entity as defined by FRS 102.

The charity has taken advantage of the provisions in the SORP for charities not to prepare a Statement of Cash Flows.

The financial statements have departed from the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 only to the extent required to provide a true and fair view. This departure has involved following the Statement of Recommended Practice for charities applying FRS 102 rather than the version of the Statement of Recommended Practice which is referred to in the Regulations but which has since been withdrawn.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the charity. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

1.2 Going concern

At the time of approving the financial statements, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the trustees continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

1.3 Charitable funds

Unrestricted funds are available for use at the discretion of the trustees in furtherance of their charitable objectives.

Restricted funds are subject to specific conditions by donors or grantors as to how they may be used. The purposes and uses of the restricted funds are set out in the notes to the financial statements.

Endowment funds are subject to specific conditions by donors that the capital must be maintained by the charity.

1.4 Income

Income is recognised when the charity is legally entitled to it after any performance conditions have been met, the amounts can be measured reliably, and it is probable that income will be received.

Cash donations are recognised on receipt. Other donations are recognised once the charity has been notified of the donation, unless performance conditions require deferral of the amount. Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid or deeds of covenant is recognised at the time of the donation.

Legacies are recognised on receipt or otherwise if the charity has been notified of an impending distribution, the amount is known, and receipt is expected. If the amount is not known, the legacy is treated as a contingent asset.

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

1 Accounting policies

(Continued)

1.5 Expenditure

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to transfer economic benefit to a third party, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement, and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably.

Expenditure is classified by activity. The costs of each activity are made up of the total of direct costs and shared costs, including support costs involved in undertaking each activity. Direct costs attributable to a single activity are allocated directly to that activity. Shared costs which contribute to more than one activity and support costs which are not attributable to a single activity are apportioned between those activities on a basis consistent with the use of resources. Central staff costs are allocated on the basis of time spent, and depreciation charges are allocated on the portion of the asset’s use.

1.6 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

1.7 Financial instruments

The charity has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the charity's balance sheet when the charity becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Basic financial liabilities

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors and bank loans are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of operations from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the charity’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

1 Accounting policies

(Continued)

1.8 Employee benefits

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the charity is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

1.9 Retirement benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements

In the application of the charity’s accounting policies, the trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

3 Income from donations and legacies

Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2023
2023
£
£
Donations and gifts
58,893
-
Grants
76,700
186,228
135,593
186,228
Expenditure on raising funds
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2023
2023
£
£
Fundraising and publicity
Staging fundraising
events
-
-
Advertising
1,086
190
Other fundraising costs
7,873
-
8,959
190
Total
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2023
2022
2022
£
£
£
58,893
65,722
2,500
262,928
27,800
233,594
321,821
93,522
236,094
Total
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2023
2022
2022
£
£
£
-
100
-
1,276
351
689
7,873
4,444
-
9,149
4,895
689
Total
2022
£
68,222
261,394
329,616
Total
2022
£
100
1,040
4,444
5,584

4 Expenditure on raising funds

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

5 Charitable activities

Charitable
Charitable
Expenditure Expenditure
2023 2022
£ £
Staff costs 261,891 189,914
Contractor and other staff costs 11,698 17,542
Staff and Volunteer Training 2,612 2,657
Travel and Subsistence 11,430 13,837
Beneficiary Support 8,388 7,316
Youth Consultancy 11,498 8,792
Global Social Club 6,725 -
314,242 240,058
Share of support costs (see note 6) 33,024 27,360
Share of governance costs (see note 6) 1,524 1,548
348,790 268,966
Analysis by fund
Unrestricted funds 153,912 89,751
Restricted funds 194,878 179,215
348,790 268,966

6 Support costs allocated to activities

Support costs allocated to activities
Office costs
Rent
Telephone and internet
Repairs and maintenance
Other costs
Governance costs
Analysed between:
Charitable activities
2023
£
6,445
19,066
1,455
-
6,058
1,524
34,548
34,548
2022
£
4,094
17,311
1,087
80
4,788
1,548
28,908
28,908

Governance costs includes payments to the independent examiner of £1,524 (2022: £1,512) for accounts preparation and independent examination.

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

7 Trustees

None of the trustees (or any persons connected with them) received any remuneration or benefits from the charity during the year.

8 Employees

The average monthly number of employees during the year was:

Employment costs
Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Other pension costs
2023
Number
11
2023
£
243,613
14,496
3,782
261,891
2022
Number
7
2022
£
178,269
8,957
2,688
189,914

There were no employees whose annual remuneration was more than £60,000.

9 Taxation

The charity is exempt from taxation on its activities because all its income is applied for charitable purposes.

10 Debtors

10
Debtors
Amounts falling due within one year:
Prepayments and accrued income
11
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Notes
Other taxation and social security
Deferred income
12
Other creditors
Accruals
2023
£
504
2023
£
5,563
-
1,396
1,560
8,519
2022
£
504
2022
£
4,578
30,000
2,276
2,283
39,137

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

12 Deferred income

Other deferred income
Deferred income is included in the financial statements as follows:
Deferred income is included within:
Current liabilities
Movements in the year:
Deferred income at 1 October 2022
Released from previous periods
Resources deferred in the year
Deferred income at 30 September 2023
2023
£
-
2023
£
-
30,000
(30,000)
-
-
2022
£
30,000
2022
£
30,000
31,200
(31,200)
30,000
30,000

13 Retirement benefit schemes

Defined contribution schemes

The charity operates a defined contribution pension scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the charity in an independently administered fund.

The charge to profit or loss in respect of defined contribution schemes was £3,782 (2022 - £2,688).

14 Restricted funds

The restricted funds of the charity comprise the unexpended balances of donations and grants held on trust subject to specific conditions by donors as to how they may be used.

At 1
Young Leaders
Salaries
Core costs
October
2022
Incoming
resources
Resources
expended
At 30
September
2023
£
£
£
£
54,994
53,350
(48,398)
59,946
208
33,400
(23,150)
10,458
43,127
99,478
(123,520)
19,085
98,329
186,228
(195,068)
89,489

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

14
Restricted funds
Previous year:
At 1
Young Leaders
Salaries
Core costs
(Continued)
October
2021
Incoming
resources
Resources
expended
At 30
September
2022
£
£
£
£
42,139
51,000
(38,145)
54,994
-
66,194
(65,986)
208
-
118,900
(75,773)
43,127
42,139
236,094
(179,904)
98,329

Young Leaders: grants received from the Act for Change Fund for running costs of the Young Leaders programme.

Salaries : grants received for staff salaries, including £33,400 from Tudor Trust.

Core costs : grants received to cover project-related costs across all services, as well as overheads and salaries.

15 Unrestricted funds

The unrestricted funds of the charity comprise the unexpended balances of donations and grants which are not subject to specific conditions by donors and grantors as to how they may be used. These include designated funds which have been set aside out of unrestricted funds by the trustees for specific purposes.

At 1
General funds
Previous year:
At 1
General funds
October
2022
Incoming
resources
Resources
expended
At 30
September
2023
£
£
£
£
35,530
135,593
(162,871)
8,252
October
2021
Incoming
resources
Resources
expended
At 30
September
2022
£
£
£
£
36,654
93,522
(94,646)
35,530

THE HUMMINGBIRD REFUGEE PROJECT

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023

16 Analysis of net assets between funds

Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2023
2023
£
£
Fund balances at 30 September 2023 are represented by:
Current assets/(liabilities)
8,252
89,489
8,252
89,489
Unrestricted
Restricted
funds
funds
2022
2022
£
£
Fund balances at 30 September 2022 are represented by:
Current assets/(liabilities)
35,530
98,329
35,530
98,329
Total
2023
£
97,741
97,741
Total
2022
£
133,859
133,859

17 Related party transactions

There were no disclosable related party transactions during the year (2022 - none).