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2025-04-30-accounts

Registered number: 10150311 Charity number: 1173982

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT (A company limited by guarantee)

UNAUDITED

DIRECTORS' REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

CONTENTS

Page
Reference and administrative details of the company, its Directors and advisers 1
Directors' report 2 - 4
Directors' responsibilities statement 5
Independent examiner's report 6 - 7
Statement of financial activities 8
Balance sheet 9
Notes to the financial statements 10 - 19

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS OF THE COMPANY, ITS DIRECTORS AND ADVISERS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

Directors Dr M Bhatnagar, Trustee C M Brandwood, Trustee (appointed 9 May 2025) Dr M H A Chunara, Trustee Dr S Fichera, Trustee Dr M Gozzelino, Chair Dr E Osborne, Trustee Dr N Reji, Trustee (appointed 28 September 2025) M N Spatuzzi, Trustee Company registered number 10150311 Charity registered number 1173982 Registered office Brabners Llp Horton House Liverpool L2 3YL Accountants Langtons Professional Services Limited Chartered Accountants The Plaza Old Hall Street Liverpool L3 9QJ

Page 1

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

DIRECTORS' REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

The Directors present their annual report together with the financial statements of the Rainbow For Africa UK - RA4 UK Medical Development for the year 1 May 2024 to 30 April 2025. The Annual report serves the purposes of both a Directors' report and a directors' report under company law. The Directors confirm that the Annual report and financial statements of the charitable company comply with the current statutory requirements, the requirements of the charitable company's governing document and the provisions of the Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP) applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS102) (effective 1 January 2019).

Since the company qualifies as small under section 382 of the Companies Act 2006, the Strategic report required of medium and large companies under the Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors' Report) Regulations 2013 has been omitted.

Objectives and activities

a. Policies and objectives

Rainbow for Africa UK’s objective is to advance health and save lives by improving access to safe, timely and effective healthcare for vulnerable populations. At present the activities are focused in Kenya. The charity aims to strengthen local health systems through targeted clinical outreach, delivery of essential healthcare services, and capacity-building initiatives that leave sustainable skills within local teams. Activities are designed to deliver clear public benefit, with projects selected and overseen by the trustees and delivered in partnership with trusted local stakeholders.

b. Activities undertaken to achieve objectives

During 2024–2025 the charity delivered its objectives through a combination of fundraising, partnership working, and volunteer-led programme delivery. Key activities included supporting Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) training for clinicians in Western Kenya, enabling improved diagnostic capacity for maternal/antenatal care. The charity also supported healthcare outreach activity for vulnerable communities in Nairobi informal settlements through local engagement and direct access to basic healthcare and referrals.

c. Main activities undertaken to further the company's purposes for the public benefit

The charity’s main activities in 2024–2025 focused on strengthening healthcare access and quality in Kenya through: (i) delivery of ultrasound training to upskill local clinicians, (ii) collaboration with local partners to provide free or low-cost diagnostic and clinical care through medical camps, and (iii) community-based healthcare delivery in underserved areas including Deep Sea and Kangemi. These activities directly supported earlier diagnosis, safer maternal care pathways, and improved access to clinical assessment for people facing barriers to public healthcare services.

Page 2

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

Achievements and performance

a. Key performance indicators

The trustees assessed financial performance during 2024–2025 using a range of key indicators, including funds raised against fundraising targets, the proportion of expenditure applied directly to charitable activities, and cost efficiency in delivering healthcare outcomes. Total funds raised during the year exceeded initial expectations, supported by the onboarding of new donors and repeat contributions from existing supporters.

Operational performance was monitored through non-financial indicators alongside financial data, including the number of patients supported, healthcare workers trained, and medical interventions enabled through the charity’s programmes. The trustees also reviewed indicative cost measures, such as cost per patient supported and cost per training intervention, to ensure value for money and effective use of charitable funds.

Comparative review against the prior year demonstrated continued growth in activity levels and impact, with a higher level of charitable delivery achieved without a disproportionate increase in administrative costs. The trustees consider the charity to have maintained a strong balance between financial sustainability, cost control, and maximising public benefit during the year

b. Review of activities

The charity made continued progress during 2024–2025 by supporting healthcare improvement activity in Kenya through skills-based training and direct service delivery. The POCUS training programme supported clinicians to strengthen diagnostic capability, including for antenatal and maternal health needs, while outreach activity helped widen access to clinical assessment for vulnerable communities. Trustees reviewed activities during the year through project updates, partner engagement, and review of outcomes to inform planning and improvement for future programme delivery.

c. Investment policy and performance

The charity’s policy is to hold funds primarily in cash at bank to protect capital and maintain liquidity for programme delivery. The trustees do not currently pursue higher-risk investments. Any interest received during the year was incidental and retained for charitable purposes.

Financial review

a. Going concern

After making appropriate enquiries, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. Further details regarding the adoption of the going concern basis can be found in the Accounting Policies.

Page 3

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

Structure, governance and management

a. Constitution

The Company is registered as a charitable company limited by guarantee and was set up by a Memorandum of Association on 09/03/2017.

The company is constituted under a Memorandum of Association dated 09/03/2017 and is a registered charity number 1173982.

The principal object of the company is to provide charitable medical relief.

b. Methods of appointment or election of Directors

The management of the company is the responsibility of the Directors who are elected and co-opted under the terms of the Articles of Association.

c. Organisational structure and decision-making policies

The charity is governed by a board of directors who collectively hold responsibility for the strategic direction, governance, and oversight of the charity’s activities. Day-to-day tasks and project delivery are managed through small working groups of between two and four directors, established according to skills, availability, and the nature of the work being undertaken. This structure allows the charity to operate efficiently while ensuring appropriate oversight and accountability.

Decisions that affect the charity as a whole, or where collective agreement is required, are taken at formal board meetings. Where a timely decision is required between meetings, matters are discussed and decided through an online voting process using a dedicated WhatsApp group in which all directors participate. This approach enables prompt decision-making while maintaining transparency, shared responsibility, and full director engagement in the governance of the charity.

Funds held as custodian

There are no funds held or managed by someone else on the charity's behalf.

Approved by order of the members of the board of Directors on 5 February 2026 and signed on their behalf by:

Dr M Gozzelino

Director

Page 4

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

The Directors (who are also the directors of the company for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the Directors' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under company law, the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of its incoming resources and application of resources, including its income and expenditure, for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Approved by order of the members of the board of Directors on 5 February 2026 and signed on its behalf by:

Dr M Gozzelino Director

Page 5

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT (A company limited by guarantee)

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

Independent Examiner's Report to the Directors of Rainbow For Africa UK - RA4 UK Medical Development ('the company')

I report to the charity Directors on my examination of the accounts of the company for the year ended 30 April 2025.

This report is made solely to the company's Directors, as a body, in accordance with Part 4 of the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008. My work has been undertaken so that I might state to the company's Directors those matters I am required to state to them in an Independent examinar's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, I do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's Directors as a body, for my work or for this report.

Responsibilities and Basis of Report

As the Directors of the company (and its directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 ('the 2006 Act').

Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the company are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of the company's accounts carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 ('the 2011 Act'). In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act.

Independent Examiner's Statement

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe:

  1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the company as required by section 386 of the 2006 Act; or

  2. the accounts do not accord with those records; or

  3. the accounts do not comply with the accounting requirements of section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a 'true and fair' view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination; or

  4. the accounts have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities [applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)].

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

Signed: Dated: 5 February 2026 Stephen Talbot Independent Examiner

Langtons Professional Services Limited Chartered Accountants

Page 6

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

The Plaza Old Hall Street Liverpool L3 9QJ

Page 7

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES (INCORPORATING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

Note
Income from:
Donations and legacies
2
Total income
Expenditure on:
Raising funds
5
Charitable activities
6
Total expenditure
Net movement in funds
Reconciliation of funds:
Total funds brought forward
Net movement in funds
Total funds carried forward
Unrestricted
funds
2025
£
36,655
36,655
1,002
55,115
56,117
(19,462)
29,467
(19,462)
10,005
Restricted
funds
2025
£
22,212
22,212
-
22,212
22,212
-
-
-
-
Total
funds
2025
£
58,867
58,867
1,002
77,327
78,329
(19,462)
29,467
(19,462)
10,005
Total
funds
2024
£
40,070
40,070
414
20,457
20,871
19,199
10,268
19,199
29,467

The Statement of Financial Activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year.

The notes on pages 10 to 19 form part of these financial statements.

Page 8

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT (A company limited by guarantee) REGISTERED NUMBER: 10150311

BALANCE SHEET AS AT 30 APRIL 2025

Note
Current assets
Cash at bank and in hand
Total net assets
Charity funds
Restricted funds
8
Unrestricted funds
General funds
8
Total unrestricted funds
8
Total funds
10,005
10,005
10,005
2025
£
10,005
-
10,005
10,005
29,467
29,467
29,467
2024
£
29,467
-
29,467
29,467

The company was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006.

The members have not required the company to obtain an audit for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of Companies Act 2006.

The Directors acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Act with respect to accounting records and preparation of financial statements.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to entities subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Directors on 05 February 2026 and signed on their behalf by:

Dr M Gozzelino

Director

The notes on pages 10 to 19 form part of these financial statements.

Page 9

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

1. Accounting policies

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2015) - (Charities SORP (FRS 102)), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006.

Rainbow For Africa UK - RA4 UK Medical Development meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy.

1.2 Reconciliation with previous Generally Accepted Accounting Practice

In preparing these accounts, the Directors have considered whether in applying the accounting policies by FRS 102 and the Charities SORP FRS 102 the restatement of comparative items was required.

No restatements were required.

1.3 Company Status

The company is a company limited by guarantee. The members of the company are th Directors named on page 3. In the event of the company being wound up, the liability in respect of the guarantee is limited to £10 per member of the company.

Page 10

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

1. Accounting policies (continued)

1.4 Income

All income is recognised once the company has entitlement to the income, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount of income receivable can be measured reliably.

For legacies, entitlement is taken as the earlier of the date on which either: the company is aware that probate has been granted, the estate has been finalised and notification has been made by the executor(s) to the Trust that a distribution will be made, or when a distribution is received from the estate. Receipt of a legacy, in whole or in part, is only considered probable when the amount can be measured reliably and the company has been notified of the executor's intention to make a distribution. Where legacies have been notified to the company, or the company is aware of the granting of probate, and the criteria for income recognition have not been met, then the legacy is treated as a contingent asset and disclosed if material.

Donated services or facilities are recognised when the company has control over the item, any conditions associated with the donated item have been met, the receipt of economic benefit from the use of the company of the item is probable and that economic benefit can be measured reliably. In accordance with the Charities SORP (FRS 102), the general volunteer time of the Friends is not recognised and refer to the Directors' report for more information about their contribution.

On receipt, donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised on the basis of the value of the gift to the company which is the amount the company would have been willing to pay to obtain services or facilities of equivalent economic benefit on the open market; a corresponding amount is then recognised in expenditure in the period of receipt.

Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid or deeds of covenant is recognised at the time of the donation.

Income tax recoverable in relation to investment income is recognised at the time the investment income is receivable.

1.5 Expenditure

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to transfer economic benefit to a third party, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. Expenditure is classified by activity. The costs of each activity are made up of the total of direct costs and shared costs, including support costs involved in undertaking each activity. Direct costs attributable to a single activity are allocated directly to that activity. Shared costs which contribute to more than one activity and support costs which are not attributable to a single activity are apportioned between those activities on a basis consistent with the use of resources. Central staff costs are allocated on the basis of time spent, and depreciation charges allocated on the portion of the asset’s use.

Costs of generating funds are costs in attracting voluntary income, and those incurred in trading activities that raise funds.

Charitable activites and Governance costs are costs incurred on the company's operations, including support costs and costs relating to the governance of the company apportioned to charitable activities.

Page 11

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT (A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

1. Accounting policies (continued)

1.6 Interest receivable

Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the company; this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the Bank.

1.7 Cash at bank and in hand

Cash at bank and in hand includes cash and short-term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.

1.8 Financial instruments

The company only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

1.9 Fund accounting

General funds are unrestricted funds which are available for use at the discretion of the Directors in furtherance of the general objectives of the company and which have not been designated for other purposes.

Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by donors or which have been raised by the company for particular purposes. The costs of raising and administering such funds are charged against the specific fund. The aim and use of each restricted fund is set out in the notes to the financial statements.

2. Income from donations and legacies

Donations
Donations
Unrestricted
funds
2025
£
36,655
Restricted
funds
2025
£
22,212
Unrestricted
funds
2024
£
40,070
Total
funds
2025
£
58,867
Total
funds
2024
£
40,070

Page 12

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT (A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

3. Net income/(expenditure)

During the year, no Directors received any remuneration (2024 - £NIL). During the year, no Directors received any benefits in kind (2024 - £NIL). During the year, no Directors received any reimbursement of expenses (2024 - £NIL).

4. Auditors' remuneration

The Independent Examiner's remuneration amounts to and Independend Examination fee of £1,750 (2024 -£-).

5. Expenditure on raising funds

Fundraising trading expenses

Unrestricted Total
funds funds
2025 2025
£ £
Expediture on fundraising trading 1,002 1,002

Page 13

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

5. Expenditure on raising funds (continued) Fundraising trading expenses (continued)

Unrestricted Total
funds funds
2024 2024
£ £
Expenditure on fundraising trading 414 414

6. Analysis of expenditure on charitable activities

Summary by fund type

Direct costs
Direct costs
Unrestricted
funds
2025
£
55,115
Restricted
funds
2025
£
22,212
Unrestricted
funds
2024
£
20,457
Total
2025
£
77,327
Total
2024
£
20,457

7. Analysis of expenditure by activities

Activities
undertaken Total
directly funds
2025 2025
£ £
Direct costs 77,327 77,327

Page 14

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

7. Analysis of expenditure by activities (continued)

Direct costs
Analysis of direct costs
Activities and projects
Fundraising events
IT costs
Sundry costs
Travel costs
Bank charges
Total 2025
Activities and projects
Activities
undertaken
directly
2024
£
20,457
Activities
2025
£
47,658
8,608
12,714
2,805
5,517
25
77,327
Activities
2024
£
20,457
Total
funds
2024
£
20,457
Total
funds
2025
£
47,658
8,608
12,714
2,805
5,517
25
77,327
Total
funds
2024
£
20,457

Page 15

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

8. Statement of funds

Statement of funds - current year

Unrestricted funds
General Funds - all funds
Reserves
Restricted funds
Restricted Funds - all funds
Total of funds
Balance at 1
May 2024
£
-
29,467
29,467
-
29,467
Income
£
36,655
-
36,655
22,212
58,867
Expenditure
£
(56,117)
-
(56,117)
(22,212)
(78,329)
Balance at
30 April
2025
£
(19,462)
29,467
10,005
-
10,005

Page 16

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

8. Statement of funds (continued)

Statement of funds - prior year

Balance at Balance at
1 May 2022 Income Expenditure 30 April 2024
£ £ £ £
Unrestricted funds
Reserves 10,268 40,070 (20,871) 29,467

9. Summary of funds

Summary of funds - current year

General funds
Restricted funds
Summary of funds - prior year
General funds
Balance at 1
May 2024
£
29,467
-
29,467
Balance at
1 May 2022
£
10,268
Income
£
36,655
22,212
58,867
Income
£
40,070
Expenditure
£
Balance at
30 April
2025
£
(56,117)
10,005
(22,212)
-
(78,329)
10,005
Expenditure
£
Balance at
30 April 2024
£
(20,871)
29,467
Balance at
30 April
2025
£
10,005
-
10,005

Page 17

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT

(A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

10.
Analysis of net assets between funds
Analysis of net assets between funds - current year
Unrestricted
funds
2025
£
Current assets
10,005
Total
10,005
Analysis of net assets between funds - prior year
Unrestricted
funds
2024
£
Current assets
29,467
Total
29,467
11.
Reconciliation of net movement in funds to net cash flow from operating activities
2025
£
Net (expenditure)/income for the year (as per Statement of Financial
Activities)
(19,462)
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities
(19,462)
12.
Analysis of cash and cash equivalents
2025
£
Cash in hand
10,005
Total
10,005
Total
funds
2025
£
10,005
10,005
Total
funds
2024
£
29,467
29,467
2024
£
19,199
19,199
2024
£
29,467
29,467

Page 18

RAINBOW FOR AFRICA UK - RA4 UK MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT (A company limited by guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2025

13. Related party transactions

During the year, the company reimbursed directors £1,865 (2024: Nil) in respect of business expenses incurred on behalf of the company. These transactions were conducted on normal commercial terms, and no amounts were outstanding at the year end.

During the year, the company received £872 (2024: £372) in donation from close relations to directors.

14. First time adoption of FRS 102

It is the first year that the company has presented its financial statements under SORP 2015 and FRS 102. The following disclosures are required in the year of transition. The last financial statements prepared under previous UK GAAP were for the year ended 30 April 2024 and the date of transition to FRS 102 and SORP 2015 was therefore 1 May 2023. As a consequence of adopting FRS 102 and SORP 2015, a number of accounting policies have changed to comply with those standards.

The policies applied under the company's previous accounting framework are not materially different to FRS102 and have not impacted on funds or net income/expenditure.

Page 19