REGISTERED COMPANY NUMBER: CE0115520 (Englind 8Dd Walu) REGISTERED CHARITY NUMBER: 1164198 REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES AND UD Cook & Partners LimitAI Bell Lan¢ Hertford SG14 IBP
R THE YEAR ENDE 31ST LY2 AIT w&8 ¢st&blish¢d a8 8 charity in 2015 and iwn WOTk in 2016 to rerd the 5torie5 of pi¢)neering infommtiort ted010818ts ¥Dd engine¢r5 and house them Online as a free re)Ur for all. It has been OUT mission ever sinc¢ to capnwe rt history that would otknise be lost and preserv¢ tt for cutTent aDd future use. ID 2024 we conducted our 250th int¢rvi¢w. whith gives Arr an ut)rivoll¢d of persojwi ijjsights from those involved, mostly BTitish Citizens. in the IT indusw. While dolng thig we ¢lemonstTale Iww IT. telecornmunications and engine¢Ting has and continues to change the way we live and WOTk. We a150 encouTage sbjdy of the industys history and provide educationa] resources for schools and inspire young people to consider a caT¢¢r in th¢ induw. One of the key components of the success of thi8 mi10n over the years bas been our long-s¢rvin8 dir¢ctor. Tom Abram. who stepped down from his rol¢ in May. Through his iirelesg work commissioning int¢ryiews. wotl(ing with our educlon wnsultattt& ah1VISt and PR and communicatt.ons manager as well as external organision$. AIT is in an Xtrnely strong posltlon goSng forward. So. I would like to thank Tom for his pwion •nd d¢di¢ation Ind look fopmd to working with him 48 on AIT volunw in the firture. As 8 result of this. we Creatsd a new role of Chief Executive Officer and l am very happy to welcome Tola Sar8eanl AIT& CEO from I Seplember 2024. Tola has three decades of ¢xp¢ri¢n¢¢ in te¢ half of which ha5 been a5 a lech aThalyst with Techmarketview. where she has been a director since 2009 and was most recently its Cbief Executive and MaDa8in8 Direclor. Sh¢ is no stran8¢r to AIT, joining our ¢harity a$ 4 tntstee iti Mar¢h 2021, and has a deep knowledge of. and inierest ir4 boih the hisiory of te¢h in the UK and its rutt¢. She is a]50 a member of the Princ¢'5 Tn Teclujology Leadersknip Group, where she chaired the business development $th8TOUP for the clwity helpin8 lo secure mUc1needed funds. Airs irtlvlly over the pst year The pu 12 months has been another pro8ressiv¢ pttiod for Archives of IT that has seen our work reach mor¢ audien¢es. Our t]rst Fonllll on the Histories of th¢ Internd thok place on 4 January 2024 with the support of the Worshipflll Company of inforniation Technolo8iSL¥. Thi$ a coming iQ8ether of ift(orniition trchnologists and academic8 who Shared their exp¢rien¢e$ working with the int¢rn¢t in its dev¢l¢)pnKnL early yewt5 and more recendy. both t¢clmic4lly and adeMically. We transcribed the ts]ks and they are llvailable to view OD the AIT website. Arr &tso published the Human Compwer Inraction repon at th¢ end of Aw 2023. From Punch Cards to Bratn Computer Inlerfaceg.. 75 Years of Human Cornputer In*radion and its Im1 on Society developed the story of HCI by leveraging Airs unique knowledge base, utilising our archive of interviews and conducting six new interviews. In November w¢ publith¢d a ft8ture on the Stories of the lot¢rnet from the pioneers Twho made it happen. This featsr¢ mad¢ us¢ of our Ar¢hived intervlew5 and inchmled for the lime tt ITon that Vint Cerfimparted in his AJT Seminar in January 2022. Also in November 2023, Str Robin sbY visited Little Thurrock primary school in Essex. where he gave an inspirtn8 Ik on his career as an engineer and CEO of Arm. Ime of the UK'$ w tb to 4 Year 6 emblY and took part in an onlin¢ 1¢550n in front of1,200 sdents. The visTL organi5¢d by our Education Consuhant Ravi Chagger, folloFed generow donation by Sir Robin to create new les50D plans to ell5ure that learning about teclmology is more engaging for primary school students.
ENDE 31ST LY2 In January, thn)ugh the work of our Arcbivist Stepb8nie Nield, AIT received a Scoping Grant from Th¢ Natiotl Archives to Work with a consultant to lts)k after the hisliry of th¢ Dennis Blthell collection and mak¢ At available to interesi¢d research. Arr was given ¢dIanShiP of thi5 exleDsive, nationaily j1nport colleaion by his family last yeaT. We had more good ]M¥s from The National Archives ill April when Arrs online rewurce was entered on to its Discovery thabase. an onlinc Catalogue which holds the rerdS of more than 3.500 archives acros5 the county. making it more visible to ar¢hive researchers. Thes¢ projects have raised the profile of AIT and its credentials a v4luabl¢ and 8i8nifi¢ant resource on the UK'S rr industry. The same month we published feattwe From Bricks to Bendabks: 40 Y¢4rs of Mobile Phone4 which again was o example of how we ¢an delve iDto our vchive and t¢ll th¢ of si8nificant technological developments with rst-hand a¢¢outtts. Other features in 2024 have tneluded Ma3 How is benefitting sociery. ere we used recent interview5 to highlight current developments to improv¢ OUT lives through the use of computer progr4rnrning and the implementation of big dat& And June'y irdepth report on Iconic Companies.. the hiJs aDd lo5 of the UK'S ground-breakn CoJnp¢r indwty. which followed a curat¢d pag¢ ots th¢ websi focused OD compaDies such as LEO, ICL alld Arni. Futur¢ felttwes will include Quantum Con)puth)& CybersKrrity and What we ¢an from IT Fatlures. AIT Edueallo One of AITS main objectives is to provid¢ educational resources for school3 and ijj8pl yowwsrs th ¢on8id¢r a ¢8r¢er in the tech and digtwl industy. Over the past year AITS Education lud. Katie Ander504 kn proth1c 20 sclMKJls' resources for Key Stsge l and 2, which brtn85 the iothl since 2020 to 42. OUT resour5 bave also had more than a thou60nd downloads on the Time$ Educational Supplement Resources site from ro$S the UK and As far afield AS Australia the Middle Easi and Soulh Eost Asi As rnention¢d, Sir Robin Saxby vl8ited 8 school in November 2023 and followed this up iti July wlth another visit wher¢ h¢ was joined by Am& Frimpong. the Institut¢ of Engineering and Technolog$ Youn8 Wom8n of the Year 2022. These Visits Otfer young students th¢ ¢hww¢ to hear and en8w with iA8piTational and w¢'ll be wthin8 on more over the next year. AIT also orggnis•d a Schools. Ornl History Conw¢tstion (ow third s¢booW ¢om]kthioD io date) another WAY to encourage yoiingsters to experience tech through l¥1 Xlivities. And we received this comm¢nl from a PJT¢M of one of the winntts: "My child 1$ really happy lo have won the Beverly Clarke books for their xhool. as they love tech and reading. They are aulisiic and hive quite a lot of challenges. so this is a boosi for them. They also enjoyed doing their PowerPoint ¢nty and findin8 Out about older t¢¢K a lot of whith they had not beaTd ofi. As well 8$ eng88in8 Wtth primary schwl pupi14 Arr has ajx) tsken on univeIty students for work experi¢n¢e over the past ftsur years. In 2024 five students joined AIT for WO experience from Swanse4 Manchesfrr Bnd UCL universities as part of our ongoing program1 io a¢¢e35 and resear¢h the archive and cr¢4t¢ m¢yniDgfvl projects foT uDder8raduates. They chose various topics w tnvemigate usin8 our archive. such Wi)[ in the tndu5ty and how management style h&$ influenced the perfornwice of UK IT comp8lli a5 well a5 anatylical projects. We will publish these articles and findings later in the year. W¢bsite External Communltations Over the past w we have be¢n working to make the Website more engaging easier to navigate, this h25 resuhed iti the curation of a Teaeh¢r Tools page and an Iconic Compani¢5 page. One of the questions we bave been asking over the P&8t 18 Antsnths is how best we can manag¢ and presen¢ our interview4 schools resources and featyre5 on the cUent website 8Dd whether we would benefrt from a new web5ile in the fith. We will contioue this di5¢USsion with our new CEO in the coming months and figur¢ out how this might be fund
cHAllAN's REP RT In the past Ye the AIT website ha5 55,596 views> up frryn 27.861 the previous ac¢ordiD8 w Google Anal1¢$. We also eotttinue to send out a rnoDthty newsletter to our 540 $ubxnkn wtth an avrye of 52% opens 70h Ilnk clicks. In the past year we have M1¢ the newslett¢r brigh. conforniing to the Arr green palette. and also on the advice of Chris Winter. Amb)ssador for the Digital Poverty Alliance and AIT blogger. we have white tsxt on this gree background with bright lloW links for contrasl which makes it easier for people to read. Our team is also ¢onsthntly monitorin8 our %Jcial media platf(AThs •MI have over the p&$¢ yw been fo¢usitig more on Litikedln as il'$ ¢le4rly the channel that 8ives us the btst attd mosl meaningful engagement and f¢e(Iback from our posts. We have a150 begun a LinkedIn qlwterly new51etyu called Bytffj which acts as a roundup of news with 156 subscribers from our 576 followuj and has resulted ill rnore than a thousand impressions f both issues so far. Also on S(ial Media we have been rutJninB monthty themed c4mpai8tts su¢h &$ the Juty theme ofcareer Advice and Insights frorn IT professionals inteThiewed by Arr. which w&% extremely popular Linkedln. Our interview5 and clips on YouTube •rt genering a healthy amount of impr¢ssions sometim¢s in their thousanth 8uch professor Denis Noble's comments on Al and Ross AthiDsoll's interview following his death iti March. Away from social media we have also given a few tslks to ¢eMaI OTganisationy IncI1n8 my Barney Gibb¢n$ Mernorial Lecture to the Worshipfid Company of InfOallon Technologists in June, which tsckled the root ¢aw¢g of a shortage of people enteriog the IT sector in the UK and referenced AITS work wtth S¢10. And in May our PR and cotnmun1cIOtt$ Mana8er, Adrian Murphy gave a tslk ¢0 the Financial S¢Thi¢e$ Club entitled WThai use 1$ technological history for future projections? He 81$0 gav¢ a presentstion to the BCS Fortran Specialist Group's AGM in London lost September. We hope to an¢ and tske OD more of these opportUDities in the fuDJre. AIT h&8 also been feattwed articles in the Archives and Record8 M88a and Briiish So¢iety History of Science's Viewpoint this year. Outlook for lh¢ cornlng yeir Moving onto the next year w¢ will be ¢oncentrndn8 on AlTr 2025 Forurn on N0rn15 for the Digitsl Age on to tsk¢ place on 28 January. Thi$ is now tsking shape with panels includin8.' The evolution of Di8ital Nornis,. IT profe$sion4li$m in the Dlgital A8e: J(ymwlism in the Di8ital Age: Chan8ing Roles •%J Nornu for snnts in the Di8ithl A8e. In September we will abo begin a collaboratioti with Bevth Clarke MBE$ ¢hArlty Ttholo8y B¢)oks for CFAildren, a result of our school$, ¢omWitiots. where She will write blogs to be published on the website and set a Yejding challenge. wnong other artivities, to in¥ire youn8Sters and instil th¢ import#n of r¢&ding. And we will pursue our relationship with Aston Universty to create bite-six videos r¢l3ting 10 lopiu coveT¢d in the archive. We will of cows¢ Mde4vour lo create more collaboration4 reath out to Jnore or84n1110n$ and improve the way our irnfoTrnation is produrxd, archived, presented and dissemin*¢d. l fimY b¢li¢v¢ that the next 12 months will be tr4nsf¢)nnative peTiod for Arr w¢ ¢onsolidai¢ whgl we have built over the past nine yrars and take the charity lo increased levels of ¢n8agem¢nt with our cwrent and new audiences. Finalfy, I mst expre55 3inc¢re thatS on behalf of the whole t¢8m to Irene and Roger Graham whose generous donation5 thcc rity are so viial. J C Carrin8tofy Chair of Tntstees
ARCHIVES OF IT
REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST JULY 2024
The trustees who are also directors of the charity for the purposes of the Companies Act 2006, present their report with the financial statements of the charity for the year ended 31st July 2024. The trustees have adopted the provisions of Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective I January 2019).
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Financial report
Net income amounted to £122,430 (2023: £67,584) and outgoings amounted to £92,545 (2023: £98,952). The charity's funds have risen to £49,915 {2023: £20,030).
Full details of the financial position are shown in the accounts. The trustees are of the opinion that the charity's assets are available and adequate to fulfill any and all of its obligations.
Funds and reserves
At the end of the period the charity had unrestricted funds of £49,915. The trustees regularly review the available reserves, and the level takes into account expected monthly expenditure and existing commitments.
STRUCTURE, GOVERi�ANCE AND MANAGEMENT Governing document
The charity is controlled by its governing document, a deed of trust, and constitutes a limited company, limited by guarantee, as defined by the Companies Act 2006.
REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS
Registered Company number
CE005520 (England and Wales)
Registered Charity number
1164198
Registered office Manufactory House Bell Lane Hertford Hertfordshire SG14 IBP
Trustees
Professor M Campbell-Kelly Trustee J C Carrington Chair P R R Chapman Trustee Professor W Dutton Trustee G M R Graham OBE Trustee J P Leighfield CBE Trustee DrM Short
Tola Sargeant (resigned 31 July 2024 )
Independent Examiner Cook & Partners Limited Manufactory House Bell Lane Hertford SG14 1BP
Page 4
ARCIDVES OF IT
REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST JULY 2024
8 October 2024 Approved by order of the board of trustees on …………………………. and signed on its behalf by
J C Carrington - Trustee
Page 5
ER'S REPO ARCHtVLS OF IT Independent tmIner'S rtport to the trusteej of Archivu of IT ('th¢ Company,) I report to the charity trtytts on my examination of the accounts of the Cotnpany for the year ended 31st July 2024. Ruponsibilitles and basts of report As the charitys tnee& of the Company (and also its direc for the putFw of ¢ompatty law) you are responstble for th¢ preparntion of the x¢ounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 ftbe 2006 Ace). Havll satisfied myself that the ar*Uts of the aye not ttquired to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent ex]nOti0n, I report in respect of my cxarniJJation of your chtiritys accounts caTried out under Seetion 145 of th¢ Charitie5 Ath 2011 (Ihe 2011 ACV). In wing out my exami I have followed the DirectiotLq given by th¢ Chlty Commission Under Sertion 145(5) (b) of the 2011 Act. Independent examiner's $tstemen¢ I have completed my examination. l thot no mattws have LxxJe to my att¢Mion ID comi¢¢tion with th¢ examitIOn giving m¢ ¢au$¢ to believe: a¢Unting records were not kept in respea of the Cornpany u rquired by Section 386 of the 2006 Act. or the accounts do not accord with those records: or the accounts do noi comply with the xcounting wuirements of Seaion 396 of the 2006 A¢t other than any requirement that the accounts give a and fair Vi¢WTwhicb is not a maller consideTed a5 part of an independent ¢x4mirMtion' or the accounts have not b¢4n pr¢pared in a¢¢onlan¢¢ with th¢ mcthods and prin¢ipl¢$ of the Statement of Re¢omm¢nd¢d Pra¢¢i¢e for a¢¢ounling and reporfing by charitie5 (applicable to ¢haritie3 pr& thcir accounts in a¢¢ordan¢e with the Financial Reporting Standard Bpplicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)). I have no concerns ond have ¢ome across no other matters in ¢Thme¢tion with the examitsali¢)n to whi¢h attention should be drnwn in thi8 report in order to enable a proper understaDdin8 of the accounts to be reached. J¢fft¢y Oliver Cook & Pthners Limited Manufactory HO Bell Lone Hertford Hertfordshire SG14 IBP Datc..
2024 Unrestri¢t&l fimds 2023 Total funds INCOME AND ENDOWMEI¥TS FROM Donations Bnd leg1¢$ 118.625 67,574 Other tradll activiti 3.805 10 Totil 122,430 67.584 EXPENDlRE ON Raisin8 fjjnds 92,545 98.952 NET INCOMEI(KXPENDITURE) 29.885 (31,3681 RECONCILL4TtON OF FUNDS Totsl funds brought forward 20,030 51,398 TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD 49,915 20,030 Page 7
ARCHIVES OF IT
BALANCE SHEET 31ST JULY 2024
| BALANCE SHEET 31ST JULY 2024 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | ||
| Unresticted fnds |
Total fnds |
||
| Notes | £ | ||
| CURRENT ASSETS | |||
| Cash at bank | 49,915 | 20,030 | |
| NET CURRENT ASSETS | 49,915 | 20,030 | |
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT | |||
| LIABILITIES | 49,915 | 20,030 | |
| NET ASSETS | 49,915 | 20,030 | |
| FUNDS | 5 | ||
| Unresticted fnds | 49,915 | 20,030 | |
| TOTAL FUNDS | 49,915 | 20,030 |
The charitable company is entitled to exemption from audit under Section 4 77 of the Companies Act 2006 for the year ended 31st July 2024.
The members have not required the company to obtain an audit of its financial statements for the year ended 31st July 2024 in accordance with Section 476 of the Companies Act 2006.
The trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for
-
(a) ensuring that the charitable company keeps accounting records that comply with Sections 386 and 387 of the Companies Act 2006 and
-
(b) preparing financial statements which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company as at the end of each financial year and of its surplus or deficit for each financial year in accordance with the requirements of Sections 394 and 395 and which otherwise comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 relating to financial statements, so far as applicable to the charitable company.
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to charitable companies subject to the small companies regime.
on The financial statements were approved by the Board of Trustees and authorised for issue 8 October 2024 and were signed on its behalf by:
J C Carrington - Trustee
The notes form part of these fmancial statements
Page 8
IAL STATEME 24 ACCOUNTING POLICILS Ba81s of pr¢parlng the llnancl•l statements The fll1¢1al statements of the charitable company. l¢b is a public benefit entity under FRS 102. bave been pr¢poroJ in accord with th¢ Chariti¢s SORP (FRS 102) 'Aw)uoting and Reporting by Charities: Sta¢ern¢nt of Re¢ommend¢d Praoi¢e appIlble ¢h4riti¢s preporing their a¢counts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of ireland (FRS 102) (eff#tiv¢ l January 2019),, Financial Reporting Stsndard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republi¢ of Ireland, and the Companies Art 2Ix)6. The financial statements have been preped under the htstori¢al co ¢onv¢Dtio lth¢ome All income is rewgni5ed in the Ststement of FiTwi¢laI Adivities Mc¢ the ¢h8riry has entitlement fr) the fund4 il is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be me4sur>J reliably. Expendltsre Liwbililiw re¢ogrnised as expcndi*Jre as J(XXb •$ ther¢ ig 4 l¢g•l or tnlIve obligation coDJmtW the charty to that expenditure, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be r¢quired in settl¢ment 4nd the amount of the obli8ation can be measured reliabty. Expenditure is xcounted for OT) an acc81$ b&4is ond h bttn classified undtt headings that a8gre88tr all CA)rt related io the cate8cry. Where costs cannot diTccdy attributed to parti¢ulw headings have b¢¢n ktI a¢tivi¢iu on a b•sis con$istent with the use of re50WC¢S. Tgxitlon The charity 1$ exemp¢ from ¢cKporation on its ¢harithble xtivities. FuTrd •¢¢oMDtlnff Unrestricted funds can be wed in acconkn with the cjwitsbk obje¢tives the discretion of th¢ tnLSt¢¢s. Restricted fimds can only be ed for particularrastricted purpo5eJ whhirt the objects of the ¢harity. Restri¢lior orise whett $pe¢tfi¢d by the donor or when fwi&8 ar¢ rnised for particular restricteA purpoBes. Furth¢T explwthtion of the natyre and pw of fimd 1$ in¢lutsJ in the notes to the financial ststetnents. 2024 2023 Fundraising events 3.805 10 TRUSTEES, RENfUNERATION AND BENEFITS There were no trustees. ttmuneration or other benefrts for the w ended 31st July 2024 nor for the year ended 315¢ July 21Y23. There were no tru5tees' expenses paid for the ended 315¢ July 2024 nor for th¢ year endd 31st July 2023. continued...
TATE JUL COMPARATIVES FOR THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES Unr¢strict¢d fimds INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS FROM Donations and legacies 67.574 Other tradin8 activities 10 Tot•1 67.584 XPENDITURE ON Rfii$ing filts 98,952 I¥ET INCOMEI(EXPENDmJRE) (31.368) RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS Total fi]nd$ brought fornard 51,398 TOTAL FUNDS CARIUED PORWARD 20,030 MOVELIIENT IN FUNDS Net movement iti ffijnds At 31.7.24 At 1.8.23 Unr¢strl¢¢ed Unrestrl¢ fund 20.030 29,885 49,915 TOTAL FUNDS 20,030 29,885 49.915 Net owvement in fimd4 in¢lud¢d ID the above are as follows: InClItt8 Re50ur¢es Movement r¢sourtts expended infim Unrestri¢ted fulldj Unrestricted fijnd 122.430 (92,545) 29,885 122,430 {92,545) 29.885 Page 10 ¢ontniuèa...
MOVEMENT IN FUNDS- coDthIu Compxratlvu for movemtDt ID funds Net movement in fimds At 31.7.23 At 1.8.22 Unrestricted fvndy UDf¢stri¢t¢d fund 51,398 (31,368) 20.030 TOTAL FUNDS SlJ98 (31,368) 20,030 Comparnuv¢ net movemenl in fimd4 included in the ab)ve are as follows: Inclyming Resour Movement in UMr¢s¢rleted funds Unrestricted fin 67.584 (98.952) (31J68) TOTAL FUNDS 67,584 (98,952) (31,368) A current year 12 momhs and prior year 12 months combined position is w follows.. Net movem¢nt At 31.7.24 At 1.822 UnTUtrl¢t¢d fundj UnT¢5trictcd fund 51J98 (1,483) 49.915 TOTAL FUNDS 51.398 (1.483) 49.915 A crn year 12 months and prior year 12 rnontlL8 cthnbiDed net movement in Ilmds. in¢]1¢d in the Above are 0$ follows, Unrestrkted fundi Unrl¢t fi]nd 190.014 (191.497) (1.483) TOTAL FUNDS 190.014 (191.497) (1.483) continued...
ATEME RELATED PARTY DISCIA)SURES There were no related party transa¢tiotss for the ded 3 1st Juty2024. PJg¢ 12
2024 2023 INCOME AND ENDOWMEIWS DoDlItiOllS and kptl¢s Donations Gift aid Bank eompcL8Jlion 109.750 8,875 66270 1254 50 118,625 07,574 Other trndln% a¢tivltks Fundraising events 3,805 io Tot•1 InmIng resour¢e 122,430 67,584 EXPENDITURE Ral8lDg doDAtIoDJ Dd iepeks Gr4nt Travel and subsistence Website development Transcripts RestaT¢h & Education Inlerviews Video & soclal media Professional fees Events 5,000 296 14.114 7230 13,319 6.200 12.750 1,020 2,658 4,107 14,875 4,047 7.174 1.020 2,735 36.616 59,929 Otber triding ctlvili Administration & rnana8ement 55.929 39,023 Total resourtts expend¢d 92.545 98,952 N¢t In¢om¢l(expendllure) 29,885 (31.368) Page 13
FTH Pge Ch#irn•n's Report Report of the Trusieu 4 to 5 IndeptndeDt E¥•thlntVJ Rtport StAt¢met ofNmD¢l•l A¢¢tvltk4 Bal•i¢e Sheet Notes to lh¢ Flthatttll Statements 9 to 12 Det•l]¢d S¢•lem¢nl of Flmanel•l A¢¢MtI¢s ij