international egg toun(lation Annual Report & Accounts 2020 ## Contents |Our Impact �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 3| |---|---| |Chairman’s Message ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 4| |Managing Director’s Message ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 5| |Our Challenge ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 6| |Our Work ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 8| |Improved Nutrition ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 8| |Education and Training �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 9| |Entrepreneurship ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 10| |Technology ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 11| |In Gratitude ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 12| |Meet Our Trustees ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 15| |Trustees’ Report ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 16| |Independent Examiner’s Report ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 26| |Financial Statements ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 27| |References �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������|Page 34| The IEF would like to extend our thanks to Heart for Africa for providing the front cover image. ## Our Impact The International Egg Foundation Invested £309,294 in charitable activities in 2020 96.5% of funds invested directly in charitable activity ## Global Egg Schools £71 provides specialist technical training for one egg farmer One trained egg farmer can provide 30,000 people with an egg a week Intervention Feeding Provided tailored training to 70 local growers and agricultural students and 7 trainers in Nampula, Mozambique £10 produces and delivers 38 meals to children in nutritional need The intervention feeding project provides 20,000 meals a month to nutritionally vulnerable children through 32 feeding stations across Eswatini Distributed circa 1.6 million eggs in 2020 ## Chicken and Egg Supported 250 families in Rural Uganda with the skills and resources to individually produce eggs or chicks to supplement their diets and develop micro businesses £15.50 sets up a family unit with a starter kit and technical training to produce their own eggs ## Chairman’s Message 2020 was a year like no other. The COVID-19 pandemic took a terrible toll on the lives of people around the world. The closure of schools, disruption of supply chains and devastating socio-economic impact of country-wide lockdowns has had unprecedented repercussions on the quality of children’s diets and we now face the biggest global hunger crisis of the 21st century. The International Egg Foundation (IEF) is determined to see a world where hunger and nutritionally poor diets are a thing of the past, by using the nutritional, environmental, social and economic power of the egg to unlock human potential. I am very proud that we have been able to continue to support vulnerable children and communities to access high-quality protein throughout such a challenging year. There is no doubt that this has only been possible thanks to the dedication, commitment and hard work of our phenomenal partners on the ground. Our ongoing partnership with Heart for Africa’s Project Canaan and the Maxwell family in Eswatini is now in its sixth year. The community feeding programme, which provides much needed nutrition in the form of eggs to children across the country, is now supporting an additional 1,000 children each week to ensure children do not go hungry as a result of school closures. In recent years, education and training have become strategic focus areas for the IEF, utilising the experience and knowledge of international industry leaders to support emerging commercial egg producers to develop the skills required to produce high-quality nutrition for their families and communities. Working closely with the Cunningham family and egg farms in Nampula, Mozambique, we have launched our first Virtual Global Egg School, with help from our industry partners Lohmann Breeders. This exciting programme develops the knowledge and skills of local trainers and managers by connecting them with industry experts, enabling them to support their teams and local out-growers to improve production practices and increase the availability of high-quality egg protein. It is clear to me that the egg has the ability to unlock human potential and make a real difference to lives around the world. Looking ahead, our mission is to help every person gain access to high-quality egg protein, one project at a time. Tim Lambert IEF Chairman and Trustee ## Managing Director’s Message Improving access to high-quality protein has never been more important. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the spotlight on long-standing societal inequalities which face millions of people in low-income settings every day. Nearly one in three people globally did not have year-round access to adequate food in 2020[1] . Furthermore, UNICEF estimates an additional six to seven million children under the age of five may have suffered from wasting in 2020, a 14% increase which could devastatingly translate to more than 10,000 additional child deaths per month[2] . These tragic figures are unacceptable, and I am very proud that the International Egg Foundation (IEF) has been able to play its part in continuing to support nutritionally vulnerable communities in 2020, despite the challenging circumstances. Although the grounding of international travel affected the way in which we as trustees have been able to physically support projects, our on-the-ground charitable partners have been tireless in their work, for which we are extremely grateful. The IEF trustees have used this period to strategically plan and position the foundation for the future. Our end goal has not changed. We are determined to see a world where hunger and malnutrition do not exist, and it has become increasingly clear that knowledge sharing, training and education give us the best chance of delivering our vision. One trained egg farmer can provide 30,000 people with an egg a week. By utilising the wealth of experience within the global egg industry to support emerging commercial egg producers to develop sustainable businesses, we can vastly increase the number of nutritionally vulnerable communities we can help. To support this, we have been developing new resources, including our ‘Emerging Commercial Egg Producers Production Manual’. This guide will become the basis of our training curriculum while also providing an invaluable reference for attendees. By working alongside our charity partners and utilising the collective expertise of the world’s largest egg businesses, I strongly believe we can achieve our vision of a world without hunger. Julian Madeley IEF Managing Director and Trustee ## Our Challenge Nearly 1/3 of the global population do not have access to adequate food[1] The number of people affected by hunger globally continues to increase slowly, and the situation is expected to worsen as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) 2021, 320 million more people did not have access to adequate food in 2020 than in 2019[1] . The International Egg Foundation (IEF) uses the nutritional, environmental, social and economic power of the egg to support vulnerable populations in areas of nutritional need around the world. ## Almost 1/4 of all children under 5 years old are stunted[1] The pandemic continues to expose weaknesses in our food systems, which threaten the lives and livelihoods of people around the world, particularly the most vulnerable and those living in fragile contexts. SOFI 2021[1] ## Why eggs? Eggs contain 13 different vitamins and minerals required by the human body and have been proven to be associated with better mental and physical growth, particularly benefitting those in low-resource settings[3] . Their wide range of micronutrients and impressive bioavailability means that eggs are considered one of the most valuable animal-source foods in the world. Studies suggest that a child would need to consume at least 12 times as much of a plant-based alternative, such as carrots, to gain the amount of vitamin A available in a small serving of eggs[4] . Furthermore, eggs are recognised as a high-quality protein, supporting child growth and development in populations characterised by high rates of child undernutrition. They are also one of the most affordable sources of commonly lacking nutrients in young children throughout developing countries[5] . The high nutrient density of eggs means they can support the body’s natural immune system, vaccination response and anti-retroviral treatments. In addition, they offer vast benefits to pregnant and lactating women, with the potential to improve birth outcomes, breast-milk composition and child brain development. The egg also supports education in developing populations by improving cognition and concentration levels in young children. Along with their many nutritional advantages, eggs are officially recognised as a low impact protein source by the World Resources Institute[6] , with the lowest carbon footprint of all common animal protein sources. Eggs are beneficial throughout the life course, with particular potential to fuel development during the first 1000 days. The bioavailability and density of their nutrients means eggs have the capacity to directly improve human health outcomes around the world. Egg production is a practical, cost-effective solution to the ongoing hunger crisis in developing countries. Our Work ## Improved Nutrition The end result of all our projects is the increased availability of high-quality protein in areas of nutritional need, by increasing the availability of eggs. The IEF is proud to have worked alongside the charity Heart for Africa since 2015, directly supporting the charity’s Project Canaan, a sustainable farm and “whole of childhood” orphanage in Eswatini which also facilitates a nationwide intervention feeding programme. In 2015, the IEF and its lead partner, Egg Farmers of Canada, built an egg farm from the ground up to provide a high-quality source of protein for the children in the orphanage and their carers. In addition to helping the children who live there, the IEF supports Project Canaan with an egg distribution project, which enables nutritionally vulnerable children in rural communities to have unique access to highquality protein. Around 1.6 million eggs from Project Canaan were distributed throughout 2020. As a direct result of COVID-19 school closures, an additional 1,000 children per week have been provided with regular meals in 2020, through a network of 32 feeding stations in some of the most remote and rural areas. The IEF continues to offer ongoing support to Project Canaan, ensuring a sustainable business model is maintained and providing training and education for Swazis working on the farm. 8 ## Education and Training The IEF is continually committed to sharing the egg industry’s collective knowledge and expertise, to enable vulnerable communities to unlock the full potential of the egg. In 2019, the first IEF Global Egg School took place in Nampula, Mozambique, providing technical training to 30 agricultural students and 40 local producers. This invaluable exchange of knowledge allowed participants to develop better, more sustainable sources of high-quality nutrition for their families and communities. To continue to provide this educational support throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the IEF launched its first Virtual Global Egg School. The aim of this virtual school was to provide participants in Nampula with technical training and improve their understanding of crucial processes, so that they could pass on this knowledge to their teams and local out-growers, increasing the number of people ultimately benefitting from the training. These virtual sessions, delivered in Portuguese by a technical team provided by IEF industry partner, Lohmann Breeders, focused on layer hen management. The three key topic areas were; biosecurity, vaccination protocols, and layer rearing, with particular emphasis on why certain processes are important, to help the new trainers share their knowledge with other farmers in the community. 9 Our Work ## Entrepreneurship The IEF aims to support nutritionally vulnerable communities to establish self-sufficient egg production, providing long-term stability. By encouraging entrepreneurship, our projects aim to enable those in need to improve the lives of their families today and in the future. In 2017, the IEF partnered with the Trustlines Development Network Inc., as a sponsor of their Chicken and Egg Project. Since then, the partnership has supported around 250 families in some of the most rural communities in Uganda, by providing them with the skills and resources to take care of their own chickens. The project has had an unparalleled impact on the lives of the children and families involved. A great example of this is a 9-year-old boy who made enough money from selling eggs and chickens to pay for his school fees in a better school. His mother now plans to do the same for his younger brother. 10 ## Technology The IEF believes in the ability for the latest technology to dramatically increase productivity levels within existing small to medium scale egg production businesses across multiple regions in the developing world. This includes accessing the latest layer genetic strains appropriate to each region, support on correct feeding and appropriate housing facilities. The IEF works with a range of egg industry partners including Sanovo Technology, DMF, Lohmann Breeders, CEVA Santé Animale and Big Dutchman. New technology can also support the advancement of processing and extension of egg shelf life. To enable successful distribution and ease of access to children who have limited cooking fuel and facilities, all of the eggs used in the IEF distribution project are boiled in their shell using equipment donated and installed by Sanovo Technology. The egg boiling equipment was individually designed for this specific application and is solar powered, easy to operate and has a long design life. Further technology has been applied by our partner DMF and Dr Fabien De Meester, to extend the shelf life of boiled eggs from several days to several weeks. This is achieved by adding the correct recipe of organic compounds during the boiling process, which seals the internal membrane of the egg just inside the shell, increasing the shelf life to between 30 and 60 days at 30°C in local conditions. 11 In Gratitude ## IEF and Partnerships The IEF works in partnership with other leading global bodies and charities. By adding value to existing projects, we help to fight malnutrition and provide a self-sufficient food supply in developing countries. It is only by working together that we will be successful in our mission. Through partnerships and the sharing of information and best practices, we really do make a difference to people’s lives. ## We gratefully acknowledge the IEF Partners: - Egg Farmers of Canada - Heart for Africa, Project Canaan – Ian and Janine Maxwell - Dr Fabien De Meester - DSM Nutritional Products Ltd - Eagles Nest - Communities of Fusion / Mozambique Fresh Eggs - the Cunningham family - Ebenezer Agricultural Training Centres - International Egg Commission - Big Dutchman - International Egg Nutrition Centre - Lohmann Breeders - Sanovo - Trustlines Development Network Inc. - CEVA ## Funding Historically, all our work has been entirely funded by the global egg industry, showing the care, belief and passion that egg farmers from across the world have in the ability of eggs to help undernourished populations. We are very pleased to have also received a number of charitable grants from independent trusts in 2020, to support specific projects such as the expansion of the IEF Global Egg Schools, which will enable us to support even more vulnerable communities going forward. Much of the support the IEF provides to developing communities is through the ongoing supply of equipment and expertise. The total value of cash and in-kind donations generated through and assisted by the IEF in its period of operation between January to December 2020 is £322,244. ## Financial Donations Initial donations to the foundation from its inception until 31st December 2015 were founding donors; the IEF is tremendously grateful to the founding donors for the support of the charity. The founding donors of the IEF are: - British Colombia Egg Marketing Board - Egg and Poultry Industry of Mexico - Egg Farmers of Canada - Egg Farmers of Ontario - Federation des producteurs d’oeufs du Quebec - Frank Pace - Manitoba Egg Farmers - Nuovo BV - Product Board Poultry & Eggs, The Netherlands - Sanovo - Saskatchewan Egg Producers - ShowCo - Joanne C. Ivy - South African Poultry Association - Julian Madeley - Steve Manton - Lohmann Breeders ## In Gratitude ## In-kind donations £294,660 Much of the support offered to the foundation comes in the shape of in-kind donations, without which the IEF could not function. ## We gratefully acknowledge and thank: - Egg Farmers of Canada (EFC) for providing the expertise in terms of design, construction and set-up of the additional egg production facilities from the ‘ground up’, as well as providing ongoing daily management of the farm. Additionally for their help with marketing aspects of promoting the Eswatini project through the IEF and for providing Tim Lambert’s time away from his position as Chief Executive Officer of EFC; - All of the egg farmers from Canada who have donated their management, time, skills and experience to ensure the continued smooth operation of Project Canaan’s egg production unit; - Sanovo Technology for providing and installing a custom made egg boiling machine and chiller; - Lohmann Breeders for supplying technical support, consultancy and Global Egg Schools; - Dr Fabien De Meester, Vanderpol’s Eggs and Steve Manton for donating expertise and time to help extend the shelf life of boiled eggs in Eswatini; - Eagles Nest for providing the pullets; - International Egg Commission for supplying all staff administration time and office space; - International Egg Nutrition Centre and the Global Egg Nutrition Expert Group for providing the latest scientific information related to egg nutrition; - Ceva Santé Animale for expert assistance and technical support; - Mozambique Fresh Eggs and the Cunningham family for providing venue transport and meals for the IEF Global Egg Schools; - Monty Doyle for strategic planning facilitation. Meet Our Trustees ## Tim Lambert Tim is a founding trustee and current Chairman of the IEF. He is passionate about helping more people around the world access the incredible nutrition found in eggs and has led the Canadian egg industry through a period of unprecedented growth as Chief Executive Officer of Egg Farmers of Canada. Julian Madeley Julian is a founding trustee and Managing Director of the IEF. He is passionate about using the power of eggs to help those in need in areas of protein poverty. Before being involved with the IEF, Julian worked in South East Asia, and in Southern Africa both on commercial and United Nations development projects. Steve Manton Steve is a highly successful international businessman and entrepreneur with a wealth of experience and expertise from within the egg industry. As an IEF trustee, Steve brings with him over 20 years knowledge of the global egg industry and has helped to develop the future direction of the IEF. Bruce Dooyema From an early age, Bruce pursued a career on his family farm. Today, the farm, ‘Centre Fresh Egg’, has multiple operations in Iowa as well as Mozambique. Bruce is therefore uniquely placed to offer expertise and experience in producing eggs in both developed and emerging nations. Carlos Saviani Carlos is a food sustainability professional with global experience that yields sound holistic knowledge in sustainable agriculture and livestock production. As a trustee of the IEF, Carlos is able to share his experience and expertise of sustainable food production from the ground level up. Dr Pierre-Marie Borne ## Pierre-Marie Borne is a veterinarian, having graduated from the Lyon Veterinary School in 1988. He has experience of working with smallholder farmers in developing nations in Africa and Asia, where he has provided expertise and assistance to develop local competencies, both commercially and through previous charitable roles. Trustees’ Report ## Report of the trustees for the period ended 31 December 2020 The trustees present their annual report and financial statements of the charity for the period ended 31 December 2020. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in note 1 to the accounts and comply with the charity’s governing document, the Charities Act 2011 and Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland first published on 16 July 2014. ## Structure, Governance and Management The International Egg Foundation is a registered charity in England and Wales. Our charity number is 1157778. The foundation was established as a Charity on 8th July 2014. The charity is governed by a constitution of a Charitable Incorporated Organisation (CIO) whose only voting members are its charity trustees. The management of the foundation is the responsibility of the trustees, overseen by the trustee Chairman, who is the ultimate decision-making body. For the full list of IEF trustees and advisors, please refer to the administrative information on the back cover of this report. ## Risk Management The trustees have considered the major risks to which the charity is exposed and have reviewed those risks and established systems and procedures to manage those risks. ## Appointed Trustees Apart from the first charity trustees, every appointed trustee must be appointed for a term of three years by a resolution passed at a properly convened meeting of the charity trustees. ## Nominated Trustees - The Office Holders Board of the International Egg Commission (“the appointing body”) may appoint two (2) charity trustees; - Any appointment must be made at a meeting held according to the ordinary practice of the appointing body; - Each appointment must be for a term of three years; - The appointment will be effective from the later of: - the date of the vacancy; and - the date on which the charity trustees or their secretary or clerk are informed of the appointment; - The persons appointed need not be members of the appointing body; - A trustee appointed by the appointing body has the same duty under clause 9(1) as the other charity trustees to act in the way he or she decides in good faith would be most likely to further the purposes of the CIO. 16 ## Financial Review During the accounting period from January to December 2020, the IEF received £27,584 of cash donations. Of this, £2,267 was un-restricted funds. The IEF also received significant in-kind donations to provide for the running of the charity, including donation of all administration fees. To add to this, much of the support the IEF provides to developing communities is through the ongoing supply of equipment and expertise. Total in-kind donations had a value of £294,660, which has been recognised in the financial statements. Expenses during this period totalled £320,532 increasing the reserve for the IEF by £1,712. ## Reserves Policy The trustees aim to maintain free reserves in unrestricted funds at a level which equates to approximately three months of unrestricted charitable expenditure. The trustees consider that this level will provide sufficient funds to respond to ongoing commitments and ensure there are sufficient funds available to cover support and governance costs. The trustees consider a level of three months is sufficient given the ongoing provision of central administration by the International Egg Commission. The balance held as unrestricted funds at 31st December 2020 was £41,369, of which £34,901 are regarded as free reserves against an actual three months spend of £6,468. The current level of reserves is therefore higher than is needed. At present there is £11,596 of restricted funds. 17 Trustees’ Report ## Charitable Purpose, Aims and Targets of the IEF ## Aim The International Egg Foundation (IEF) is an independent charitable foundation that has been established to improve nutrition, health and education in developing countries, by increasing egg production and consumption. The aim of the IEF is to create an independent and sustainable food supply promoting self-sufficiency to improve the lives of expectant mothers, infants, children and families, now and in the future. We want to provide people living in developing countries with the means and methods to access high-quality egg protein and help boost their natural immunity levels. ## Goals of the IEF - To fight against hunger and malnutrition amongst children, young people and families, by making high-quality protein in the form of eggs more accessible in communities that are undernourished and underfed; - To improve human nutrition and health by developing programmes that promote the correct use of high-quality protein to support the healthy development of infants and children to enhance brain development, to support concentration levels at school and boost natural immunity levels; - To encourage and facilitate an increase in the number of eggs being produced locally in developing countries to support growing consumption in populations with little or no access to high-quality protein; - To improve education and encourage knowledge sharing, explaining the benefits of high-quality protein in the diet, to promote the normal function of the natural human immunity system. 18 ## Public Benefit ## Key beneficiaries Children and young people worldwide along with local consumers and their families, focusing on under-privileged areas and regions in both developed and developing countries. ## Other beneficiaries - Women in rural communities with little or no existing independent income; - IEF projects will also add value to existing projects run by organisations such as Heart for Africa in Eswatini; - Other charities, foundations and NGOs will also benefit from the work of the IEF. ## Protocol for ensuring personal benefits are minimal The trustees will ensure that personal benefits are minimal through a policy of independence from the commercial egg production businesses, maintaining a majority of trustees who are not owners or shareholders in commercial egg production operations. Other policies to minimise the risk of personal benefits will be put in place and reviewed from time to time by the trustees. 19 Trustees’ Report ## IEF Objects - The relief of hunger and malnutrition amongst children and young people worldwide by improving health and nutrition through the establishment of programmes to promote and encourage the consumption of economical forms of high-quality protein; - To improve standards of human nutrition through the correct use of high-quality protein in the diet; - To promote the normal function of the natural human immune system through education and nutrition related to high-quality protein; - To improve standards of food safety and animal welfare; - To improve education, highlighting the benefits of high-quality protein in the diet and to exchange knowledge with others to this effect. ## How do the objects confer benefit? The objects will help children and many others in under-privileged communities. - Across many regions of the world, diets are short of or completely lacking in high-quality protein, many diets based mainly or entirely on starch such as wheat (developed countries) and maize (developing countries). A small amount of high-quality protein in the diets can help brain development in infants, mental concentration and muscle development in children. The human immune system also needs high-quality protein to function efficiently, helping people to have a greater level of natural immunity to disease and crucially to allow an effective natural response to vaccination; - People who are involved in the local production of eggs will benefit, be it as new entrants or through expansion of existing activities. Small scale egg production is used successfully to promote the status of women in communities, through the operation of micro businesses, where women gain earning power and enhanced social standing. Small scale egg production projects can also be used to encourage a sense of community in refugee situations, where normal community structures and relations have disintegrated; - IEF projects will add value to existing child vaccination programs by helping ensure the target population has sufficient high-quality protein in their diet to achieve an effective immune response to vaccination; - IEF projects will help form local and national groups and associations to share information and best practice, which can also be used as a central point for accessing micro-credit funds. 20 How will the trustees carry out the objects? The trustees will carry out the objects through the creation of new projects and by adding value to existing projects. The IEF will co-operate with existing projects that are run by organisations such as Heart for Africa, Ebenezer Agricultural Centres and Trustlines Development Network Inc., adding value to their existing projects in a cost effective and focused way. The IEF has a database of qualified and willing experts who want to donate their time to development projects. Deciding who will benefit – countries and communities The IEF wants to have the largest impact possible for the least amount of additional money invested. Trustees will make decisions on who will benefit based on a “cost / benefit analysis” guided by the principal of creating best value for money, supported by a high level of sustainability. Sustainability encompasses a range of factors including human welfare, animal welfare, the environment and financials. New projects that have the backing, physical support and financial match funding from well-established and recognised agencies such as the UN FAO will take priority over other new projects. Existing projects that are being supported and organised by well-established and recognised agencies will have preference over other joint projects. 21 Trustees’ Report ## Protocol for Project Planning ## Research - Use the established egg industry network of major international organisations and intergovernmental bodies; - Appoint trustees with additional contacts and a track record in the foundation sector; - Further develop our network with major international organisations and intergovernmental bodies; - Continue discussions with overseas groups about their needs and possible projects; - Use the existing egg industry network of professionals to discuss practical aspects of possible projects. ## Implementation - Deciding to operate in a specific group of countries over a sustained period; - Selecting new projects and joint projects where the IEF can add value from a shortlist; - Visiting the selected project to: - Establish sustainability and long-term benefit to the community; - Assess availability and need for local staff; - Establish cost details; - Set fundraising requirements and identify potential donors, partners and match funding organisations; - Organising communications. ## Long-term aims - Establish long-term aims based on the Mission Statement: - Developing local knowledge, expertise and entrepreneurship in protein deficient populations, increasing the consumption and local production of high-quality protein through eggs. - Establish future contacts with other organisations with similar aims by: - Identifying and understanding all the initiatives around the global use of the egg as a transformational agent for social, economic, and/or environmental development; - Construct an action plan as to how best to engage with those identified agencies. - Draw up procedures for the selection of projects and beneficiaries with the following features: - At least 1 trustee to review applications; - Individual meetings with the leaders of partner organisations before proceeding; - Only dealing with organisations with a successful and established track record; - Asking independent experts to assess the viability of projects; - Undertake in-depth analysis of the local situation. 22 ## IEF – Registered Charity 501(C)(3) USA In April 2015, the IEF Board of Trustees identified a need for the IEF to be a registered charity in the USA, to encourage additional donors in the USA and support the IEF fundraising campaigns. It was decided this additional body would focus on raising funds for Heart for Africa’s Project Canaan. The Inland Revenue Service (IRS) issued a favourable determination letter to the IEF for the new Ohio Corporation, classifying the foundation as a tax-exempt public charity retroactively to 5th November 2015. Current trustees of IEF England and Wales have the following role within IEF USA: ## International Egg Foundation Trustees – UK and USA role relationships **----- Start of picture text -----**
IEF (UK) Title IEF (USA) Title
Timothy Lambert Chairman Director
Anthony Stephen Manton Trustee Director
Carlos Saviani Trustee Director
Michael Julian Madeley Trustee & Managing Director Director & Secretary
**----- End of picture text -----**
## Summary of Activities and Achievements A range of activities have been undertaken including the continued support of the Project Canaan farm in Eswatini through the installation of a security fence to improve biosecurity, and the increase of the number of children who receive eggs as high-quality protein through the distribution network of 32 feeding stations across rural Eswatini. In addition, the IEF is supporting practical egg production training courses at Ebenezer Agricultural Centres, which started in Nampula, Mozambique, and funding is now being raised to introduce regular training courses at Ebenezer’s centres in Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The IEF is also investigating how modern technology can lead to increased egg production across broad regions. ## Projects were undertaken to achieve a range of IEF objectives including: - The relief of hunger and malnutrition amongst children and young people worldwide, by improving health and nutrition through the establishment of programmes to promote and encourage the consumption of economical forms of protein; - To improve education as to the benefits of high-quality protein in the diet and to exchange knowledge with others to this effect; - To improve standards of food safety and animal welfare; - To promote the normal function of the natural human immune system through education and nutrition related to high-quality protein; - To improve standards of human nutrition through the correct use of high-quality protein in the diet. A full report on activities and achievements is contained in the “Project Report” at the front of these accounts. 23 Trustees’ Report ## Impact of COVID-19 The global COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the activities the IEF was able to conduct in 2020. The management and governance of the IEF has remained unaffected, however the inability to travel has greatly reduced the level of in-kind donations the foundation has received from industry, which is reflected in the total level of donations in the accounts. To ensure the health and safety of both the communities the IEF supports through its training programmes, and the industry experts who generously donate their time, the IEF was unable to complete the planned 2020 programme of in-person Global Egg Schools. To continue to provide support to communities in Nampula, Mozambique, the IEF hosted its first Virtual Global Egg School. More information on this can be found in the project reports at the front of these accounts. In-person programmes will resume when the health of the participants involved can be assured. 24 ## Statement of trustees’ responsibilities in relation to the trustees’ report and financial statements Charity law requires the trustees to prepare a financial statement for each financial year, which gives a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charity and of the surplus or deficit of the charity for that year. In preparing those financial statements, the trustees have: - Selected suitable accounting policies and applied them consistently; - Made judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; - Stated whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; - Prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis. The trustees have overall responsibility for ensuring the charity has appropriate systems of control, financial and otherwise. They are also responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time, the financial position of the charity and enable them to ensure they comply with the Charities Act 2011. They are responsible for the safeguarding of the assets of the foundation and therefore, taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities and to provide reasonable assurance that: - The charity is operating effectively and efficiently; - Its assets are safeguarded against unauthorised use or disposal; - Proper records are maintained, and financial information used within the charity or for publication is reliable; - The charity complies with relevant laws and regulations. The system of internal controls is designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against any material misstatement or loss. These controls include: - A strategic plan and annual budgets, approved by the trustees; - Regular consideration of the financial statements; - Identification and management of risks. Approved by the trustees on 31st August 2021 and signed on their behalf by: Tim Lambert IEF Chairman and Trustee Julian Madeley IEF Managing Director and Trustee 25 Independent Examiner’s Report ## Independent examiner’s report to the trustees of the International Egg Foundation I report on the accounts of the charity for the period ended 31 December 2020, which are set out on pages 27 to 33. ## Respective responsibilities of trustees and examiner The charity’s trustees are responsible for the preparation of the accounts. The charity’s trustees consider that an audit is not required for this period under section 144(2) of the Charities Act 2011 (the 2011 Act) and that an independent examination is needed. ## It is my responsibility to: - Examine the accounts under section 145 of the 2011 Act; - To follow the procedures laid down in the General Directions given by the Charity Commissioner under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act; and - To state whether particular matters have come to my attention. ## Basis of independent examiner’s report My examination was carried out in accordance with the General Directions given by the Charity Commissioner. An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and a comparison of the accounts presented with those records. It also includes consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and the seeking of explanations from you as trustees concerning any such matters. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would be required in an audit and, consequently no opinion is given as to whether the accounts present a ‘true and fair view’ and the report is limited to those matters set out in the statement below. ## Independent examiner’s statement In connection with my examination, no matter has come to my attention: - Which gives me reasonable cause to believe that, in any material respect, the requirements: - (a) To keep accounting records in accordance with section 130 of the 2011 Act; and - (b) To prepare accounts which accord with the accounting records and to comply with the accounting requirements of the 2011 Act have not been met; or - To which, in my opinion, attention should be drawn in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached. ## Mr Mark Griffiths ## Chartered Accountant Dyke Yaxley Limited, 1 Brassey Road, Old Potts Way, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY3 7FA, United Kingdom 31st August 2021 26 Financial Statements ## Statement of Financial Activity for the Period Ended 31 December 2020 ||Note|Unrestricted|Restricted|2020 Total|2019 Total| |---|---|---|---|---|---| |||Funds (£)|Funds (£)|Funds (£)|Funds (£)| |Income|||||| |Donations|4|296,927|25,317|322,244|451,235| |Investment Income||-|-|-|-| |Total Income||296,927|25,317|322,244|451,235| |Expenditure|||||| |Charitable Activities|5|305,897|14,635|320,532|451,689| |Total Expenditure||305,897|14,635|320,532|451,689| |Transfers Between Funds||-|-|-|-| |Total Funds Brought Forward||50,340|914|51,254|51,709| |Net income (Expenditure) and||(8,971)|10,682|1,712|(455)| |net movement in funds for the|||||| |period|||||| |Total Funds Carried Forward||41,369|11,596|52,966|51,254| 27 Financial Statements ## Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2020 ||Note|2020||2019|| |---|---|---|---|---|---| |||(£)||(£)|| |Current Assets|||||| |Cash and Bank||40,359||55,369|| |Prepayments||-||380|| |Monies owed from||18,234||17,150|| |International Egg|||||| |Foundation (USA)|||||| |||58,593||72,899|| |Current Liabilities|||||| |Accruals||1,476||1,230|| |Creditors||4,151||20,415|| |Net Current Assets|||52,966||51,254| |The funds of the charity|||||| |Unrestricted Funds||41,369||50,340|| |Restricted Funds|7|11,596||914|| ||||52,966||51,254| The notes at pages 30 to 33 form part of these accounts. The accounts were approved by the trustees on 30 August 2021. Tim Lambert IEF Chairman and Trustee 28 ## Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended 31 December 2020 ||Note|2020|2019| |---|---|---|---| |||(£)|(£)| |Net Cash used in operating|12|(15,010)|(15,930)| |activities|||| |Cash fows from investing|||| |activities:|||| |Interest||-|-| |Net cash provided by||-|-| |investing activities|||| |Cash and cash equivalent||55,369|71,299| |brought forward|||| |Cash and cash equivalent|||| |carried forward|||| |Unrestricted Funds||40,359|55,369| 29 Financial Statements ## Notes to the accounts for the period ended 31 December 2020 ## 1. Accounting policies ## 1.1 Basis of preparation and assessment of going concern The accounts (financial statements) have been prepared under the historical cost convention with items recognised at cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant note(s) to these accounts. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice: Accounting and Reporting by Charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) issued on 16 July 2014 and the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Charities Act 2011. The trust constitutes a public benefit entity as defined by FRS 102. The trustees consider that there are no material uncertainties about the trust’s ability to continue as a going concern. ## 1.2 Funds structure Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by the donor or trust deed. There is a single restricted fund, Project Canaan. All monies received relating to this project were spent in the period. Unrestricted income funds comprise those funds which the trustees are free to use for any purpose in furtherance of the charitable objects. Unrestricted funds include designated funds where the trustees, at their discretion, have created a fund for a specific purpose. ## 1.3 Income recognition All income is recognised once the charity has entitlement to the income, it is probable that the income will be received, and the amount of income receivable can be measured reliably. Unrestricted income funds comprise those funds which the trustees are free to use for any purpose in furtherance of the charitable objects. Unrestricted funds include designated funds where the trustees, at their discretion, have created a fund for a specific purpose. Voluntary income is recognised on receipt. Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the charity; this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the bank. ## 1.4 Donated services and facilities Donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised as income when the charity has control over the item, any conditions associated with the donated item have been met, the receipt of the economic benefit from the use by the charity of the item is probable and that economic benefit can be measured reliably. On receipt, donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised on the basis of the value of the gift to the charity which is the amount the charity would have been willing to pay to obtain services or facilities of equivalent economic benefit on the open market; a corresponding amount is then recognised in expenditure in the period of receipt. 30 ## 1.5 Expenditure recognition Liabilities are recognised as expenditure as soon as there is a legal or constructive obligation committing the charity to that expenditure, it is probable that settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. All expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis. All expenses including support costs and governance costs are allocated or apportioned to the applicable expenditure headings. For more information on this attribution refer to note 1.7 below. ## 1.6 Irrecoverable VAT Irrecoverable VAT is charged against the expenditure heading for which it was incurred. ## 1.7 Allocation of governance costs Governance costs and support costs relating to charitable activities have been apportioned based on governance. The allocation of support and governance costs is analysed in note 6. ## 1.8 Charitable activities Costs of charitable activities include grants made, governance costs and an apportionment of support costs as shown in the notes to the accounts. ## 1.9 Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments and original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings of current liabilities. ## 2. Critical accounting estimates and judgements In application of the trust’s accounting policies, the trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both the current and future periods. ## 3. Legal status of the charity The International Egg Foundation is a charitable incorporated organisation, constituted under a governing document dated 8 July 2014, charity number 1157778. 31 ## Financial Statements |4. Donations|2020|2019|| |---|---|---|---| ||(£)|(£)|| |Donations|27,584|16,789|| |In-kind donations|294,660|434,446|| ||322,244|451,235|| |5. Charitable activities|2020|2019|| ||(£)|(£)|| |Charitable activities|14,634|13,791|| |Charitable activities – unrestricted|-|-|| |In-kind donations|294,660|434,446|| |Share of governance costs (note 6)|11,238|3,452|| ||320,532|451,689|| |6. Governance costs|2020|2019|Basis of| ||(£)|(£)|allocation| |Marketing|-|229|Governance| |Website development|1,685|384|Governance| |Printing, postage & stationary|3,137|1,374|Governance| |Independent examination|1,707|1,445|Governance| |Travel costs|4,709|-|Governance| |Credit Card Charges|-|-|Governance| |Donation|-|20|Governance| ||11,238|3,452|| |Analysed between: Charitable activities|11,238|3,452|| 32 ## 7. Analysis of movements in restricted |7 Analsis of movements in restricted||||| |---|---|---|---|---| |. y
funds|Funds at 31
December|Income|Expenditure|Funds at 31
December| ||2019|||2020| |Project Canaan|914|25,317|(14,635)|11,596| ||914|25,317|(14,635)|11,596| ## 8. Trustees During the year £Nil (2019: £Nil) was paid to the trustees to reimburse travel expenses. ## 9. Employees There were no employees during the year. ## 10. Related Parties Included in creditors at the year-end is an amount owed to International Egg Commission Fdn of £4,151 (2019: £20,415), of which Tim Lambert and Stephen Manton are Board Directors. Julian Madeley is also a member of the senior management team of the International Egg Commission Fdn. ## 11. Corporation Taxation The charity is exempt from tax on income and gains falling within section 505 of the Taxes Act 1988 or section 252 of the Taxation of Charitable Gains Act 1992 to the extent that these are applied to its charitable objects. ## 12. Reconciliation of net movement in funds |12 Reconciliation of net movement in funds||| |---|---|---| |.
to net cash fow from operating|2020
(£)|2019
(£)| |Net movement in funds|1,712|(455)| |Deduct interest income shown|-|-| |in investing activities||| |Increase (decrease) in creditors|(16,018)|2,055| |Increase (decrease) in debtors|(704)|(17,530)| ||(15,010)|(15,930)| 33 ## References - 1 FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP AND WHO. (2021). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021: Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all. Rome, FAO. www.fao.org/3/cb4474en/cb4474en.pdf - 2 UNICEF. (2020). Averting a Lost COVID Generation: A six point plan to respond, recover and reimagine a post-pandemic world for every child. New York, UNICEF. www.unicef.org/media/86881/file/Averting-alost-covid-generation-world-childrens-day-data-and-advocacy-brief-2020.pdf - 3 Iannotti LL., Lutter CK., Stewart CP., et al. (2017). Eggs in Early Complementary Feeding and Child Growth: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics, 140(1). www.pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/140/1/ e20163459 - 4 Iannotti, LL. (2021). Quoted in: New report from UN Nutrition untangles risks and benefits of food from livestock for sustainable healthy diets, focusing on challenges linked to both abundance and scarcity. www.ilri.org/news/new-report-un-nutrition-untangles-risks-and-benefits-food-livestocksustainable-healthy-diets - 5 Morris, SS., Garg, A., Black, R., et al. (2021). Assessing Nutrient Gaps and Affordability of Complementary Foods: New Methods and their Application in Different Settings. Nutrition Reviews, 79(1). www.academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/issue/79/Supplement_1 - 6 Ranganathan, J. (2016). Protein Scorecard. World Resources Institute. www.wri.org/data/protein-scorecard Chairman Timothy Lambert ## Trustees Timothy Lambert, Anthony Stephen Manton, Carlos Saviani, Michael Julian Madeley, Bruce Dooyema, Dr Pierre-Marie Borne Managing Director Michael Julian Madeley Registered Office 1 Brassey Road, Old Potts Way, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY8 7FA, UK ## Bankers Barclays Business, 1st Floor, 44/46 Castle Street, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK Accountants Dyke Yaxley Limited, 1 Brassey Road, Old Potts Way, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY3 7FA, UK info@internationaleggfoundation.com www.internationaleggfoundation.com Registered Charity No: 1157778 (England & Wales)