2020-12-31-accounts

O TURING O TRUST Annual Report 2020

Contents

Managing Director’s Report ......................................................................................... ………………	3
Financial Report ......................................................................................................... ……………...	5
About the Turing Trust ................................................................................................ ………………	8
Our Impact .................................................................................................................. ………………	9
Our Partners ............................................................................................................... ………………	10
Our Technology Donors ............................................................................................... ………………	12
Who We Helped .......................................................................................................... ………………	11
2020 Facts and Figures .............................................................................................. ………………	12
Our Impact in 2020 ..................................................................................................... ……………...	16
Our Projects ............................................................................................................... ……………...	17
Malawi ........................................................................................................................ ……………...	18
UK Operations ............................................................................................................ ……………...	23
Environmental Impact ................................................................................................ ………………	26
Other Partnerships ..................................................................................................... ………………	26
2021 Aims and Objectives ........................................................................................... ……………..	27
Trustees and Governance ........................................................................................... ……………..	28
Independent Examiner’s report ................................................................................... ……………..	29
Accounts .................................................................................................................... ……………..	31
Contact Details ........................................................................................................... ……………..	55

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Managing Director’s Report

This year has truly brought a new focus on the importance of digital capabilities in enabling a modern education. In spite of all the new challenges our team faced this year, thanks to everyone’s dedication we have managed to continue working to provide a further 3,410 computers to those in need.

The majority of our work has continued to be in Malawi, with a focus on computer labs for rural schools. We have also supported a handful of schools in other countries, notably this year in Zimbabwe, Uganda and the Gambia. We have also supported organisations in the UK, providing them with IT equipment to help respond to the impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns. In total, we have now supported 211 schools and organisations across the UK and sub-Saharan Africa.

The year 2020 began with a fantastic donation of 1,000 PCs from the Scottish Government. This was instrumental as it enabled us to respond with a good level of stock as the pandemic’s impacts were felt across the globe. Thanks to the resilience of our staff and volunteers in the UK, as well as the dedication of our partners at CYD in Malawi, we have been able to ensure that IT equipment can help those most in need at a time that has highlighted the vital role that IT plays in our society.

In a year of firsts, we were able to send two 40’ containers of IT equipment, totalling 3,263 computers. This happened whilst we also moved our workshop site from Newbridge over to our new permanent home at the Pentland Industrial Estate, to the south of Edinburgh. This tremendous achievement symbolises the 6,100 hours of hard work put in over the year by many of our volunteers who got stuck in with the myriad of odd-jobs that facilitated our move, which included painting and carpeting the entire workshop.

We also saw tremendous progress made by some of the schools we’ve been working with in Malawi, where IT skills are a prerequisite to attending university. For example, after using our donated IT equipment for a few years Robert Laws Secondary School have seen the number of their students admitted to university, at just 20 students in 2019, increasing more than threefold to 63 students in 2020.

Towards the end of the year the award of our Small Charities Challenge Fund grant from the UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office was featured in local media including: the Daily Record , the Third Force News, the Daily Express , The Scotsman and The Herald . Separately, we also received further coverage in the Financial Times , which focused on how old technology can be used to give back to society.

Financially, 2020 built upon the strong growth we saw in 2019. Although it was an atypical year where alternative sources of funding were available thanks to the UK government’s response to COVID-19, The Turing Trust’s financial position has remained stable with our spending closely matching our income.

Our funding from grants has grown again, increasing on last year’s total; however, it should be noted that a significant portion of these funds came from the UK government’s Job Retention Scheme and other COVID-19 related support. That said, even without these grants our total income from grants increased on last year’s total, albeit by a smaller margin. Notably 2020 included our first grant from the UK government’s international development fund. This was through the Small Charities Challenge Fund delivered by UK Aid Direct and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.

Our sales activity for 2020 continued to increase up to £35,575 in 2020, in spite of several months of disruption due to COVID-19 as well as moving premises. This shows that our investments in this revenue stream are paying off and should continue to grow in 2021.

This year’s annual crowd funder, the Big Give Christmas Challenge, raised a fantastic £26,697, showing that even in a year where many of our donors have faced significant financial challenges, we still have a substantial community of supporters who see the value of our work.

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Throughout the year we ran our programmes within allocated budgets and maintained a tight control on our costs. Overall, in 2020 we again demonstrated our ability to continue our work in a financially sustainable manner in the long-term.

From the goals set in 2019, in spite of new challenges, we have made considerable progress on many of these. This year we were able to install more computer labs than any year before, installing a total of 40 new computer labs in 2020. Many plans for teacher training had to be modified, yet we nonetheless ensured that 131 teachers received training. We also repaired and replaced 121 PCs to ensure schools had fully working computer labs.

Beyond these social impacts our IT reuse programme has generated significant environmental benefits throughout the year too. In 2020 we diverted 45 tonnes of PCs that would otherwise go to waste and provided equivalent carbon savings of 954 tonnes.

Lastly, I would like to pass on my immense thanks to all of our staff and volunteers who have gone above and beyond in this most challenging year to help others. It is thanks to your hard work and dedication that over 81,000 students have been able to learn vital IT skills. I am immensely looking forward to the year to come and seeing what more we can do building a world with technology-enabled education for all.

James Turing, June 2021

James Turing

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Financial Report

The Turing Trust is a UK based charity and works with our African partners to build their capacity as social enterprises able to deliver our charitable objectives. In the UK we have several avenues for generating revenue, including charitable fundraising, grants from institutional donors, private and corporate donations and the sale of donated high-specification computers where appropriate. The Turing Trust places great emphasis on transparency and robust financial stewardship.

The Turing Trust has remained in a strong financial position in 2020 with a total income of £414,514, of which £348,149 was cash and £66,365 comprised donated goods, services and facilities. Total expenditure of £395,382. Total funds of £240,176 have been carried forward to 2021. Figures in this review are taken from our full accounts approved on 10th June 2021 and which include the Independent Examiner’s report. If any further details are required, please refer to the full accounts which are published at the end of this annual report. This is the first year that our accounts have been presented on an accruals basis and so the figures are not directly comparable to our previous accounts which were presented as Receipts and Payments accounts. However, the 2019 accounts have been re-stated and so the previous year’s figures are all given on an accruals basis for comparison.

Our income from income and corporate donations has continued to increase and we were delighted to be awarded a grant from the Small Charities Challenge Fund project funded by the UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO – previously known as DFID) through UK Aid Direct. We have also had COVID-19 related support of £90,770. Donations of IT equipment have increased in 2020 from an equivalent value of £33,133 to £51,387 and we continue to benefit from various donations of services and facilities in kind. Our trading income has also increased in 2020, in part thanks to support for the salary costs of a sales manager from the Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (SCVO).

Sources of cash funds

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Our expenditure also increased in 2020, with expenditure on our charitable activities increasing by 62.6% from £145,140 to £235,928. There were significant expenses associated with our move to Pentland Industrial Estate, as the warehouse was initially an empty shell without services. However, this presented an opportunity to be a part of the refurbishment to create a purpose-built wiping facility that will allow us to expand our wiping operations significantly – even in the context of the need to offer a COVID-secure working environment for our staff and volunteers. The move also gives The Turing Trust a permanent home. UK staff costs continue to represent a significant item of expenditure in delivering our projects. Our focus this year was to bring the staff who were crucial to our day-to-day operations back from furlough as soon as this was permitted. Their work in manging donations of IT equipment and helping and supervising volunteers to refurbish it has been crucial and the results speak for themselves. Despite the challenges of lockdown and moving premises, we have sent over 3,000 computers in two shipments this year, allowing our partners in Malawi to continue to set up computer labs in schools.

Expenditure

Our governance costs, in accordance with our policy of limiting administrative costs, have remained low at 0.3%. As in previous years, most services are donated by volunteers, including the independent examination of the accounts.

Our cash funds (excluding the £54,600 liability remaining for the Scottish Edge Loan at the end of 2019) have also increased from £146,877 in 2019 to £172,993. We were also able to repay the loan from Scottish Edge in full in 2020. According to the terms of the loan early repayment ensured that the loan was interest-free.

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The Turing Trust Reserves Policy states that the charity should hold reserves to cover four months operating costs to ensure that in the event of the need to wind down the charity, we can adequately ensure that all PCs in our possession at that time are installed in African classrooms and that we can ensure the continuity of maintenance and IT end-of-life services to our beneficiary schools. The figure is reviewed quarterly, and the level adjusted if required. At the start of the year reserves were set at £40,000. However, on review the reserves level has been increased to £66,000. Our reserves fund is a designated fund derived from unrestricted funds and the level of our reserves as determined by the trustees has been maintained throughout 2020.

The Turing Trust did not run a deficit in 2020 and at year end had receivables of £47,186 and liabilities of £2,150.

Our main partner in Malawi has also generated some income operating as a social enterprise. Through our joint programme the Centre for Youth and Development generated 13,790,275 MWK in 2020 (approximately 13,097 GBP) in 2020. This shows the continuing growth of our project in Malawi year-on-year and the long-term sustainability of our joint project in Malawi. These funds are used for our charitable objectives through our programmes.

Overall, The Turing Trust has continued to demonstrate a stable financial performance. The charity is in a strong place to continue to expand our work to deliver our charitable objectives in a financially sustainable manner over the long-term.

Key Figures

	2018 £	2019 £	2020 £
Total incoming funds	116,357	193,514	348,149
Total donated goods, services and facilities	59,738	48,863	66,365
Total outgoing resources	127,596	176,379	395,410
Net income	48,499	65,998	19,132
Cash in Bank (at year end, excluding any loans)	82,826	146,877	172,933

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About The Turing Trust

The Turing Trust supports education in sub-Saharan Africa by reusing computers. We provide skills development in the UK while reducing waste and contributing to an environmentally friendly society.

Our vision: a world with technology-enabled education for all

Out mission: to empower disadvantaged communities using information technology enabled learning

The Turing Trust was set up in 2009 in honour of Alan Turing by his closest family. Today we honour his remarkable legacy by providing quality IT resources and training to schools in sub-Saharan Africa. Our operations in the UK, based in our Edinburgh workshop, provide valuable training and volunteering opportunities.

St Peter’s Anglican Secondary School, Likoma, Malawi

Refurbishing computers in Edinburgh

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Our Impact to Date

Through our work in the UK and with our partners in sub-Saharan Africa we have:

• Improved access to IT in 211 schools and organisations across the UK and sub-Saharan Africa

• Sent 9,204 computers to countries such as Malawi and The Gambia through our computer reuse scheme based in the UK

• Enabled over 81,000 students to learn IT skills effectively

• Provided volunteering and training opportunities for over 650 people at our workshop in Edinburgh

Chintheche Private Secondary School, Nkhata Bay, Malawi

Likoma Secondary School, Malawi

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Who We Helped

The Turing Trust’s beneficiaries include teachers and students in African schools as well as a wide range of disadvantaged people in Scotland.

Africa

By the end of 2020 we have supported 208 schools in Malawi, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, South Sudan, The Gambia, Uganda and Zimbabwe. This brings the total number of students who have benefitted from our activities to over 81,000.

Likoma Secondary School, Likoma, Malawi

UK

In 2020 we had 124 volunteers and trainees who worked with us over the year. Notably we start offering remote -volunteering opportunities to aid the development of our e-learning platform which have proven to be highly successful, complementing our in-person volunteering when required. In total our volunteers & trainees participated in over 6,100 hours of activities at our workshop and online in 2020 - a critical component to our achievements.

Our trainees came from a wide variety of backgrounds and we are proud to have supported people from our local community struggling with a range of challenges that this year included: the long-term unemployed, the homeless, those who have a mental or physical disability, as well as refugees and asylum seekers.

Beyond these social impacts our IT reuse programme has generated significant environmental benefits throughout the year too. In 2020 we diverted 45 tonnes of PCs that would otherwise go to waste and provided equivalent carbon savings of 954 tonnes. This was the equivalent of planting 2,386 trees or offsetting the annual carbon footprints of 99 Scots. The embodied energy savings created were also enough to power 233 UK homes for a year.

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2020 Facts & Figures

Number of new students using our computer in Africa: 26,290

Number of PCs sent to schools across Africa and in the UK: 3,410

• Malawi : 3,263

• • The Gambia: 17

• Uganda: 1

• • Zimbabwe: 2 • UK: 128

Total number of schools in Africa supported with our hardware: 211

IT Training:

• 43 training sessions

• 131 teachers

Corporate Sponsorship:

• Expert Agent

• Lead Pro

• Nextstand EU

• The Housing Finance Corporation

• The TEFL org

• Turing Tumble

• X4 Group

Partnerships:

• The Scottish Government

• UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office through UK Aid Direct

• • Baillie Gifford

• Reusing IT

• Thirteen Housing Group

• BCS. The Chartered Institute for IT

• Barclays Technology Centre

• Rotary Club of Currie Balerno

• Arcturus Publishing

Donations of IT Equipment: we have received donations of IT equipment from many other businesses and educational establishments as showcased on our website

Monitoring and Evaluation:

• Comprehensive surveys in 7 Malawian schools, including 7 headteachers, 3 teachers and 18 students

• Evaluation of teacher training conducted in Lilongwe, December 2020

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What We Achieved

Our main outcomes in 2020 included:

• 40 classrooms in Africa equipped with computers enabling these schools to begin teaching IT skills adequately

• 26,290 additional students are learning digital skills from our computers, bringing the total of students supported to 81,000

• 131 teachers with improved IT pedagogy

• Equivalent of 954 tonnes of carbon emissions saved

What Impact We Made

As our Malawian programme has continued to mature we have seen further positive long-term educational outcomes.

Whilst it is not possible to do a direct comparison of the numbers achieving places at university with previous year as the system for allocating places has changed and is no longer based on a quota for each district, the number of university admissions to the public universities has only increased by about 10%. However, Robert Laws Secondary School , who received our computers in September 2018, have seen a dramatic increase in the number of students admitted to university from just 20 students in 2019 to 63 in 2020. This is a signal achievement as IT skills are a prerequisite for attending university.

We have also seen that girls continue to be interested in pursuing a career in ICT, with 10 girls from the schools who have had our computers for more than one year going onto study ICT at university.

We were also delighted to hear that two students from Chibavi Community Day Secondary School were awarded bronze medals at the 2020 Virtual African Science Buskers Festival for their “Specialist Android Calculators Project”. Their school has only had computers since 2017, but they have an active ICT club led by their inspirational ICT teacher, Noel Mhone, and are already taking their ICT skills far beyond the requirements of the Computer Studies syllabus.

Idah Chiponza and Sibongile Nkosi and Idah Chiponza represent Chibavi Community Day Secondary School

at the Africa Science Buskers Festival

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Our projects

The Turing Trust’s focus in 2020 was on our projects in Malawi, while supporting other smaller and new projects including some in the UK. We have also revolutionised our operations in the UK by moving our base to new purpose-built premises to the south of Edinburgh.

A total of 43 schools and organisations were installed with hardware from The Turing Trust in 2020. This was supplemented by teacher training for 131 teachers as well as continuing development of the e-learning resources that we provide.

Teachers exploring Kolibri at Mphembere Community Day Secondary School, Mzimba, Malawi

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Malawi

Much like our team in the UK, our Malawian colleagues have faced innumerable additional challenges this year, but have pulled together to overcome and ensure schools were provided with vital IT equipment. Our thanks go out to: James, Chifundo, Vigilant, Doreen, Sylvester, Malumbo, Virginia and the rest of the CYD team who have made all our work possible this year.

Our main partners in Malawi have also generated income operating as social enterprises. Through our joint programme the Centre for Youth and Development generated 13,790,275 MWK in 2020 (approximately 13,097 GBP). This shows the continuing growth of our project in Malawi year-onyear and the long-term sustainability of our joint project in Malawi. These funds are used for our charitable objectives through our programmes.

We have made great progress over the last few years, increasing the proportion of schools with computers significantly. This has increased from just 3% in 2016 to 44% of schools in the Northern Region of Malawi by the end of 2020. This exemplifies the significant impact our programme is having in Malawi and demonstrates that with further support we could help ensure that 100% of secondary schools in Malawi have access to IT facilities within the next few years.

Church of Christ Primary School, Ekwendeni

CYD Team at the Lilongwe Office From left to right: Malumbo, Wonganie, Sylvester and Virginia

Highlights

Installation of 40 computer labs

Installation of 2 off-grid computer labs

Training given to 131 teachers through in-school training and training days

Office opened in Lilongwe to support expansion of our projects into the Central Region

Comprehensive Monitoring & Evaluation involved 7 schools, 7 headteachers, 3 teachers and 18 students

Students from Chibavi CDSS awarded bronze medals at the African Science Buskers Festival for their android apps

Our Malawian partner generated approximately £13,097 from IT maintenance subscriptions

192 computers replaced and 50 repaired under our maintenance programme. This supports our original estimates of a PC lifespan of 5 years in schools.

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Important to achieving this aim is how we can support schools that do not have access to electricity. This year has seen us pilot two further models for how we can bring access to IT to such schools.

Ntchuwa Primary School, Salima District

Thanks to support from the Power2Africa initiative of Amber Energy we have been able to install a solarpowered facility using tablets and a projector at Ntchuwa Primary school. The tablets have been loaded with various educational resources including the One Billion Masamu application supporting pupils in standards 1 and 2 with numeracy.

Ntchuwa Primary School

Mtandamula Primary School, Dedza District

We have also collaborated with the University of Strathclyde to add onto their solar-powered mini-grid and enable Mtandamula Primary School located in Mthembanji Village to start using IT resources as well.

Mtandamula Primary School

These are important stepping-stones, building on the success of our pilot SolarBerry, that will enable us to support more communities with improved off-grid solutions in the future.

IT skills for girls in Malawi

Our Malawian work has also been able to expand thanks to the support of a new Small Charities Challenge Fund grant through UK Aid Direct and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.

This grant will help us to expand our support for Malawian girls to learn vital IT skills, as exemplified by the testimony of one of our Malawian graduates.

Elness Simwera received sponsorship from a local company that enabled her to attend Marymount Girls Secondary School in Mzuzu, Malawi. Thanks to the computers that were installed by the Turing Trust with our partners the Centre for Youth and Development, she was able to undertake Computer Studies and came out top of her class. IT skills form a critical part of being able to attend university in Malawi and after graduating with a distinction she was able to secure her place at the University of Malawi. She is now studying medicine at university and plans to be a doctor. You can watch our interview with Elness on our website, linked here.

Elness Simwera tells us the power of girls studying ICT in Malawi

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Schools with Turing Trust Computers

KEY CYD base Primary School Secondary School SolarBerry in Choma Click on map to view the most up to date interactive GoogleMap with school names and photos

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E-learning resources

We have extended the use of Kolibri as our Learning Management System and have now completed the work to provide resources that are aligned to the Malawi curriculum for Computer Studies. We have also included teacher training resources to support teachers integrating technology into their lessons and teaching ICT without previous experience or qualifications.

Work continues to align content to the Malawi curriculum in other subjects, with a current focus on STEM subjects and Agriculture.

Kolibri has now been set up in 17 schools and work continues to provide networks and Kolibri servers in all the schools that we are working with. As only a few of the teachers we work with have any experience of networking we aim to provide robust backup systems to help resolve any problems that arise. All schools that do not yet have networks still have access to our e-library delivered by RACHEL on individual machines.

Students using Kolibri at Luwazi Community Day Secondary School

Teacher training

Teacher training at Centre for Youth and Development

Training is provided at the time that the computer laboratories are set up. In 2020, 4 additional training courses were provided in Lilongwe, Karonga and Chitipa. In response to previous feedback on the training provided, each course was longer and the number of modules covered each day was reduced to allow more time for each topic.

Evaluation of training

• Post training test scores increased from 34% to 83%

• Most teachers thought the presentations were well planned and the content was relevant

• Most teachers would like more practical training in the future

• Some teachers felt more time was needed to be able to fully understand the content

• Teachers would like training on programming, hardware maintenance and local area networks in the future.

Training workshop in Lilongwe, December 2020

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Monitoring and Evaluation

----- Start of picture text -----
Collecting feedback from students at
Karonga Girls Secondary School
----- End of picture text -----

Our monitoring and evaluation for 2020 was understandably limited compared to normal due to the pandemic. Schools in Malawi were shut on 23rd March 2020 because of COVID-19. There was a phased re-opening of schools from 7th September with priority being given to classes taking examinations. Other classes re-started on 12th October, 2020.

Our surveys were conducted in November and December 2020 and included 7 headteachers, 3 teachers and 18 students.

Highlights from the 2020 survey:

• 6 schools were using computers to teach other subjects as well as ICT

• Only 1 school was offering Computer Studies for MCSE

• All schools allowed teachers and students access to the computers out of hours

• Only 2 schools allowed members of the community access to the computers

• Headteachers, teachers’ and students views on the impact of the computers in the schools were very positive

• Students were more confident using computers after using them at school (average confidence level on a scale of 1 –10 increased from 2.6—5.6)

Analysis of free text responses

Whilst there were many positive comments about the project, the free text responses also identified several areas for improvement:

• Schools need more computers so that students do not have to share / have only limited access

• More teacher training is needed

• Some schools need a qualified ICT teacher

• Some schools requested a printer / projector to facilitate their teaching

• Some schools do not yet have a network or Kolibri

• Schools would like access to the internet

It was also clear that schools were also limiting the numbers of students able to use the computer laboratory at a time in response to the pandemic, a situation which is likely to continue as vaccination levels in Africa are very low.

“Thank you for the computers. Though they are not enough but half a loaf is better than none.”

Form 3 student, Kaporo Community Day Secondary School, Karonga District, Malawi

Recommendations

The recommendations made build upon those made in previous reports, but seek to clarify our priorities in light of the ongoing pandemic and the increasing numbers of schools that we are working with. Our focus for 2021 includes:

• Teacher training and support

• Establishing networks and Kolibri in all schools

• Ongoing maintenance and repair

• Continuing work on curriculum alignment

• Promoting the use of the computer laboratory during the day and also out of hours

“E -learning will help students to have access to enough information which will help them during exams.”

Headteacher, Likoma Secondatry School, Malawi

The full report can be found on our website.

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UK Operations

This year has seen us move our base of operations from Newbridge to the Pentland Industrial Estate to the south of Edinburgh. This is a n important step for the charity as we now have security of tenure in a warehouse facility that has been refurbished with custom-built offices. This will enable us to significantly increase our IT processing efficiency.

All of our work in the UK has been made possible thanks to our UK team who have shown remarkable dedication in this most challenging year. Our thanks go out to Neil, Jon, Blythe and James.

Computer Collection and Refurbishment

This year we received 2,877 PCs for processing. On each computer we carried out the necessary refurbishment and installed our e-Library software. This is an increase of 28% on the 2,243 PCs we received in 2019, closely following a similar increase from 2018, demonstrating our steady increase in processing capacity.

This year we received our biggest ever single donation of hardware from the Scottish Government with 1,000 PCs. This was a significant boost at the start of the year alongside some other substantial donations from other corporates such as Rathbones and Barclays. Reusing IT continued to be a major hardware donor in 2020, supplying 15% of our PCs. Several of these donors, such as Allay, are all importantly covering the transportation costs of their donations, helping us to make a significantly greater impact with their hardware. At times this year we were required to close our workshop as per COVID-19 regulations; however, when possible our workshop has been open five days a week to give volunteers as much opportunity as possible to come and support the critical IT refurbishment that underpins our work.

This year we had a slightly smaller number of business donors, only 51 organisations in 2020 compared to 72 last year. However, this was compensated by a significant rise in the number of individual donors, climbing from 84 last year to 120 in 2020.

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Volunteering

This year has brought new challenges to how we have been able to work with volunteers in the UK. Fortunately our teams have risen to the challenges and also innovated with new online volunteering opportunities. In 2020 we had 124 volunteers and trainees who worked with us over the year. Notably we started offering remote-volunteering opportunities to aid the development of our e-learning platform which have proven to be highly successful, complementing our in-person volunteering when required. In total our volunteers & trainees participated in over 6,100 hours of activities at our workshop and online in 2020 - a critical component to our achievements.

Our first remote volunteering day with a team from Blackrock

In particular we would like to thank some of our most dedicated volunteers who have each contributed over 100 hours this year: Joe, Philip, Finlay, Rachael, Graham, Mark, Adam and Nicki.

Our ongoing relationship with the Department for Work and Pensions has enabled us to improve our trainee programme. The DWP has continued to recommend us to interested candidates, enabling us to support our local community through training and the provision of employable skills. This year some of our trainees have included the long-term unemployed, vulnerable adults, those experiencing homelessness, individuals who have suffered serious illness, refugees and asylum seekers, those who have a mental or physical disability and military veterans. Our training this year was not entirely IT focused and included softer skills such as communication, building professional networks, teamwork, problem solving, the ability to work under pressure and time management. All this skill-building comes together to increase our UK trainees’ employability.

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Corporate Partners and Fundraising

Thanks to support from Interstate Creative Partners and Boss Digital, we have comprehensively refreshed our branding and website. This included improvements to our automated IT donations process that is enabling people to donate equipment instantly.

Homepage of The Turing Trust new website

We were delighted to continue our long-standing relationships with Turing Tumble, Lead Pro and Expert Agent who continue to be very generous with their support. We have also welcomed some new CSR donors including the X4 Group, The TEFL Org and NEXSTAND. We have received a number of grants including from Foundation Scotland, the Scottish Government and UK Aid Direct under the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. We have continued our relationship with Arcturus Publishing with the publication in 2020 of “The Alan Turing Cryptic Codebreaker’s Puzzle Book”, the “Expert Puzzles” collection and two children’s puzzle books.

This year’s annual crowdfunder, the Big Give Christmas Challenge raised a fantastic £26,697, showing that even in a year where many of our donors have faced significant financial challenges, we still have a substantial community of supporters who see the value of our work.

In addition to these successes, our UK sales operations have continued to grow, raising £35,820 through our social enterprise activities.

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Environmental Impact

Our IT reuse programme continues to generate environmental benefits.

• 45 tonnes of PCs that would otherwise have gone to waste have been refurbished and reused

• 954 tonnes equivalent carbon savings created in 2020

• Our carbon savings are the equivalent of planting more than 2,368 trees or offsetting the annual carbon footprints of 99 Scots

• This environmental impact also offsets the embodied energy required to power 233 UK homes for a year

Other partnerships

This year we’ve seen an immense increase in the demand for our hardware in Africa but also for the first time in the UK as well. We were able to accommodate some of the requests where we saw that we could increase our educational impact in this most testing year. Subsequently, we were able to provide 100 laptops to the Almond Housing Association in nearby Livingston as well as other organisations such as Darlington Assistance for Refugees and St Vincent’s School for children with a sensory impairment and other needs.

Staff and pupils with the High Sheriff of Merseyside at St Vincent’s School

We have also been working with the UK Jarra Association, based in Birmingham, to supply schools in Gambia with PCs. To date we have supplied schools in Jarra with 63 computers. Later in the year we were delighted to hear from Abubacarr Nyabally, the Principal at the Tahir Ahmadiyya Muslim Senior Secondary School, that the students and staff had all been invigorated by the arrival of the computers. Their new computer laboratory is proving a great success and adults and students alike are keen to learn new skills.

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2021 Aims and Objectives

Our Aims and Objectives are aligned to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which recognise that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve education and reduce inequality whilst also tacking climate change.

Aim 1

Continue to install computers in African classrooms in a sustainable manner that supports a holistic learning approach. (SDG 4 - Quality Education)

• A) To provide teachers with the training and resources they need to maximise the impact of digital classrooms

• B) To develop our e-learning software to best serve local educators and equip students with the digital skills they need for work

• C) To improve our monitoring, evaluation and learning efforts to provide detailed information on impact

Aim 2

Build our UK operations to enhance our volunteering programme and increase our ability to process donations efficiently. (SDG 17 - Partnership For The Goals)

Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

Our Strategy 2019-22

We are on track to meet our goals set out in our strategy, published in 2019 for four years from 2019 to 2022 (available on our website). The main focus of this strategy is to improve the quality of education for an additional 72,000 students in sub-Saharan Africa.

To achieve this, it is crucial to monitor and evaluate our impact and to act tirelessly to address the issues raised.

27

Structure, Governance and Management

Names of the Charity Trustees on date of approval of the Annual Report

Dermot Turing (Founder) Anne Wacera Wambugu Philip McAllister Lilian Ndirangu Bernie Hollywood Tiya Somba Banda

Names of all other Charity Trustees during the period, if any (for example who resigned part way through the financial period): None

Trustee recruitment and retention

Trustees are appointed for a term of three years by a resolution passed at a properly convened meeting of the charity trustees. In selecting individuals for appointment as charity trustees, the charity trustees give regard to the skills, knowledge and experience needed for the effective administration of the CIO.

In 2020 no trustees received any remuneration and trustee expenses were paid totalling £510.

Public benefit

The trustees have had regard to the guidance issued by the Charity Commission on public benefit.

Constitution

The Turing Trust is a Charitable Incorporated Organisation. It was registered in its current legal form with the Charity Commission on the 15th April 2014.

The Turing Trust was registered with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator through Cross-Border registration on the 19th November 2015.

Advisory board

Evelyn Toma (appointed in 2020) Rob Dobson Lumbani Mwafulirwa Luca Leone Brian Ferguson Sally Smith Andrew Clark Nicola Turing John Turing Jonathan Burns Cliff Robertson

Governance

The Turing Trust is overseen by the above board of six trustees and eleven advisors who met in person or virtually as a whole group four times in 2020 with numerous smaller meetings amongst available members. A Chief Executive Officer is appointed by the trustees to manage the day-to-day operations of the charity.

• The Turing Trust is governed by our policies which are available at https://turingtrust.co.uk/about/our policies/.

28

O TURING O TRUST Independent Examiner's Report CHARITY COMMISSION FOR ENGIthD AND WALES Independent examiner's report on the accounts sects"(￿ A Retwt to the trustee ol Turr#J Trust (kn accounts for the year Charity no Irf any) 115W7 SC(516150 Set out on pages 3Ck53 I r4KYt lo the trustees ￿ my exrinab(¥) of the acc(xmts ￿the aLK>Ne chanty (Ihe Tnjsri ￿ Ir 31112r2020. Responsiblities arKI tsa￿5 crf Tepixt As1he thanvs tfU5tees. are resFrfNNLle forthe weparatrjn accounts in aCcLYdarTr￿ wlh the req￿rements (Athe charib.es Ad 2011 (tr Acr} I rwt n resrrt of my eYarrInati￿ TnLSt's acccwnts c ler Sect￿ 145 ofthe 2011 Act aThJ n carrwr4J out my examin3tKm. I have fclbpd all the at(4icabk tl"rectKTh gNen ty Chanty Ccrnri 1w secth)n 145(5Mbl of the Acl. Independent Tr cws ￿ irm excJgJ £2￿,￿0 aThJ l am lo exwninerfs staternent mjertake the exam1r9￿ by being a qualffjed mwnfm of Chartergj I￿￿"tUle of P￿)￿¢ FIrOn￿ koyJNant& l ￿Ve c(mp￿ed ny examinat￿. I ¢{￿ll￿n that ￿ matwia nmtters CLvne to rny 3tterrtKm n COnnectL￿ wrth the e￿MIrth gNes me cause lo bdEve that in, y matefia reskEd." the acccwnts"r4J recLYts we mt kepl in ￿(£￿[￿e wim seclicffi 1x1 ofthe Charths Act" ( the accws did not %COTd with the accrAmIlr￿ reccrfts., ¢x the ac£cAmts did not crryAy wth the requ1￿Ments crmcerring tr fomi aThl C￿tent of accthmts set out in ￿ Ch3nDes (Accounts * Repctsl Re￿1•.￿$ 2(K)8 ot￿r than Ihat the acrThmts gwe a f￿"r a m vth the eXan1th￿ lo attents￿ shwkj te ¢*avffi m th￿ rwi in (Y(ler to ￿le a tryer ￿l￿rStan¢jirQ crfthe acC￿ntS to rethj. oned: L￿ard Relevwrt profwi(x)o1 ¢walificalionl$l or body lif any): CPFA Adthess: 32 A[￿￿1 Pkce. IER Oct 2018 29

O TURING O TRUST Independent Examiner's Report Edinburgh. EH15 18G Section B Disclosure Only complete If the examiner needs to highlight material matters of concern see CC32, Independent examination of charity accounts." directions an guidance for examiners). Glve here brfel delail$ of any items that the examiner wishes to isclose. IER Oct 2018 30

Accounts: Statement of Financial Activities as at 31 December 2020

	Note	Unrestricted Funds	Restricted Funds	Total Funds 2020	Total Funds 2019
		£	£	£	£
Income:
Donations and legacies	4
Individualand corporate donations		76,526	42,267	118,793	82,639
Unrestrictedgrants	5	58,043	0	58,043	0
Donated goods	6	51,387	0	51,387	33,133
Donatedservices	6	6,054	0	6,054	750
Donatedfacilities	6	8,924	0	8,924	14,980
Charitable activities
Restrictedgrants	5	0	120,402	120,402	77,341
Sale of goods at cost to other charities for distribu- tion to benefciaries	4	9,625	0	9,625	2,240
Reimbursement of IT collection costs and delivery costs to other charitable organisations	4	52		52	1,518
Shared facilities	4	400	0	400	1,293
Trading activities
Sale of donatedgoods	4	35,820	0	35,820	24,556
Other tradingactivities	4	3,544	0	3,544	2,565
Investment income (interest on bank deposits)	4	1,470	0	1,470	1,362
Total income	4,5,6	251,845	162,669	414,514	242,377
Expenditure:	8
Expenditure on raising funds	8
Costsincurredinseeking donations		2,502	598	3,100	6,245
Costs incurred in the sale of donated goods		19,784	9,712	29,496	18,837
Expenditure on charitable activities	8
Donated goods distributed		59,656	0	59,656	29,166
Paymentsrelating directlyto charitable activities		51,438	124,834	176,272	115,974
Governance costs	8	1,155	0	1,155	940
Other expenditure	8
Refurbishment of new premises		120,513	0	120,513	0
Obsolete stock recycled during the year		5,190	0	5,190	5,217
Total expenditure	8	260,238	135,144	395,382	176,379
Net income / (expenditure) and net movement in funds for the year		(8,393)	27,525	19,132	65,998
Reconciliation of funds	19
Total funds brought forward		115,039	106,005	221,044	155,046
Transfers to / (from) funds		13,097	(13,097)	0	0
Total funds carried forward		119,743	120,433	240,176	221,044

31

Accounts: Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2020

	Note	2020	2019
		£	£
Fixed assets (NBV)
Tangible assets	12	4,693	7,720
Investments		0	0
Total fxed assets		4,693	7,720
Current assets
Stock	15	17,455	35,701
Debtors	16	47,186	31,497
Cash in bank and in hand	14	172,933	201,477
Total current assets		237,633	268,674
Liabilities
Creditors: fallingdue within oneyear	17	2,150	55,350
Total assets less current liabilities		240,176	221,044
Creditors: fallingdue after more than oneyear		0	0
Net assets		240,176	221,044
The funds of the charity
Unrestricted funds		100,425	93,926
Restrictedfunds		139,751	127,118
Total charity funds		240,176	221,044

These accounts were approved by the Trustees on 10th June, 2021 and are signed on their behalf by:

JD Turing (Chair) B Hollywood

32

Accounts: Statement of Cashflows as at 31 December 2020

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities Cash fows from investing activities Bank interest Purchase of tangiblefxed assets Cashprovided by /(used in) investing activities Cash fows from fnancing activities Scottish EDGE loan Repaymentofborrowing Cash provided by (used in) fnancing activities Increase (decrease) incash and cash equivalents inthe year Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of theyear Total cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year	2020	2019
	£	£
	25,284	65,664
	1470	1362
	(938)	(2,975)
	532	(1,613)
	0	60,000
	(54,600)	(5,400)
	(54,600)	54,600
	(28,484)	118,218
	201,044	82,826
	172,993	201,477

Reconciliation of net income / expenditure to net cashflow from operating activities as at 31 December 2020

	2020	2019
	£	£
Net income / expenditure (includes bank interest)	19,132	65,998
Add back in depreciation charge	3,965	2,112
Net cashprovided by/ (used in) investingactivities	(938)	(2,975)
Decrease (increase) in stock	17,714	7.076
Decrease (increase) in debtors	(15,689)	(6,454)
Increase (decrease) in creditors	1,400	(93)
Net cashprovided by (used in) operating activities	25,284	65,664

33

Accounts: Statement of Financial activities as at 31 December 2019

	Note	Unrestricted Funds	Restricted Funds	Total Funds 2019	Total Funds 2018
		£	£	£	£
Income:
Donations and legacies	4
Individualand corporate donations		32,218	50,421	82,639	71,339
Unrestricted grants	5	0	0	0	0
Donated goods	6	33,133	0	33,133	35,565
Donated services	6	750	0	750	4,200
Donatedfacilities	6	14,980	0	14,980	19,973
Charitable activities
Restrictedgrants	5	0	77,341	77,341	28,146
Sale of goods at cost to other charities for distri- bution to benefciaries	4	2,240	0	2,240	1,469
Reimbursement of IT collection costs and delivery costs to other charitable organisations	4	1,518	0	1,518	0
Shared facilities	4	1,293	0	1,293	0
Trading activities
Sale of donatedgoods	4	24,556	0	24,556	12,543
Other trading activities	4	2,565	0	2,565	2,427
Investment income(interest on bank deposits)	4	1,361	0	1,362	433
Total income		114,615	127,762	242,377	176,095
	8
Expenditure:	8
Expenditure on raising funds
Costsincurredinseeking donations		5,766	479	6,245	7,367
Costsincurredin the sale of donated goods	8	10,378	8,459	18,837	20,778
Expenditure on charitable activities
Donated goods distributed		29,166	0	29,166	3,055
Payments relating directlyto charitable activities	8	45,255	70,719	115,974	90,976
Governance costs	8	940	0	940	932
Other expenditure
Refurbishment of newpremises		0	0	0	0
Obsolete stock that recycled duringthe year		5,217	0	5,217	4,488
Total expenditure		96,722	79,657	176,379	127,596
Net income / (expenditure) and net movement in funds for the year		17,893	48,105	65,998	48,499
Reconciliation of funds	19
Total funds broughtforward		104,546	50,500	155,046	106,547
Transfers to / (from) funds		(7,401)	7,401	0	0
Total funds carried forward		115,038	106,006	221,044	155,046

34

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts

The Turing Trust is registered with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR) SC046150 and with the Charity Commission of England and Wales 1156687.

1. Accounting Policy

a. Basis of Preparation

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for donated goods which are included at fair value.

Preparation of the accounts follows the guidance from the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR) and the Charity Commission of England and Wales. This year is the first year that accounts have been prepared on a fully accrued basis (as required by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR) and so accounts for 2019 have also been restated on this basis to provide a valid basis for comparison.

The accounts (financial statements) have been prepared in accordance with the following:

• Statement of Recommended Practice: Accounting and Reporting by Charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) issued in October 2019

• the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)

• Charities Act 2011

• Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005

• Charities Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 2006

The accounts have been prepared to give a “true and fair view”.

b. Preparation of the accounts on a going concern basis

The trustees consider that there are no material uncertainties about The Turing Trust’s ability to continue as a going concern. Although the pandemic has resulted in the closure of our workshop in the UK for several months and school closures in Malawi have impacted our ability to set up computer laboratories, we have been supported by the UK government’s Job Retention Scheme and other COVID-19 related support. This has enabled us to maintain a stable balance sheet, whilst focussing on processing donations in Edinburgh to be able to send out two shipments to Malawi. Once COVID-19 restrictions are eased, we anticipate being able to continue to grow our operations, both in the UK and in Malawi.

c. Fund accounting

Unrestricted funds are available to spend on activities that further any of the purposes of the charity. The reserves fund is a designated fund derived from the unrestricted funds of the charity. Restricted funds are donations or grants which are to be solely used for specific projects. Details of restricted funds are given in note 19.

d. Incoming resources

All incoming resources are recognised once the charity has entitlement to the resources, it is probable (more likely than not) that the resources will be received, and the monetary value of incoming resources can be measured with sufficient reliability.

35

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (2)

i. Grants

Where there are terms or conditions attached to incoming resources, particularly grants, then these terms or conditions must be met before the income is recognised as the entitlement condition will not be satisfied until that point. For grants that are awarded over more than 1 year and payments dependent on reaching project milestones, income is not recognised until the grant money has been received.

ii. Donations

Individual and corporate donations that are made through fundraising platforms are recognised as income at the point the donation to the fundraising platform is made. Gift aid associated with donations, whether the donation is paid directly or via a fundraising platform, is also recognised at the point at which the donation is made.

iii. Gift Aid

Gift Aid receivable is included in income when there is a valid declaration from the donor. Any Gift Aid amount recovered on a donation is considered to be part of that gift and is treated as an addition to the same fund as the initial donation unless the donor or the terms of the appeal have specified otherwise. Gift Aid receivable, whether the donation is paid directly or via a fundraising platform, is recognised as income at the point at which the donation is made.

iv. Legacies

The Turing Trust does not receive any incoming resources from legacies.

v. Cryptocurrency donations

Income from cryptocurrency donations is not recognised in the financial statements until they have been converted into GBP and withdrawn into our cash account. All cryptocurrency donations are held in a Coinbase account and the valuation at the end of the financial year is based on the exchange rates used by Coinbase on that date and given in note 14 to the accounts.

vi. Donated goods

Donated goods are recognised at fair value at the point at which they have been received. It is assumed at the point of receipt that donated goods will be distributed to beneficiaries at no cost and so fair value is deemed to be the replacement cost. Replacement cost is the economic cost incurred if the charity was to replace the service potential of the donated goods at its own expense in the most economic manner.

Goods donated for on-going use by the charity are recognised as tangible fixed assets and included in the SoFA as incoming resources when receivable.

Refurbished donated goods sold in the UK to provide funds to cover operational costs are recognised at the sale value at the time of sale and funds received are included in trading receipts and the initial value recognised at receipt is deducted as an expense.

36

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (3)

vii. Donations in kind – services

Donated services are measured and included in the accounts on the basis of the value of the gift to the charity. Donated services and facilities that are consumed immediately are recognised as income with an equivalent amount recognised as an expense under the appropriate heading in the SOFA. Where it is not possible to value a gift of services to the charity reliably, these are described in the notes to the accounts. Note 6 has details of services donated in kind.

viii. Donations in kind – facilities

Donated premises used by The Turing Trust are measured and included in the accounts at fair rent valuation.

ix. Volunteer help

The value of any voluntary help received is not included in the accounts, but the contribution of volunteers is described in note 7 and in the trustees’ annual report.

e. Resources expended and irrecoverable VAT

All expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis and has been classified under headings that aggregate all costs related to each category of expense shown in the Statement of Financial Activities. Expenditure is recognised when the following criteria are met:

• there is a present legal or constructive obligation resulting from a past event

• it is more likely than not that a transfer of benefits (usually a cash payment) will be required in settlement

• the amount of the obligation can be measured or estimated reliably.

Irrecoverable VAT is charged against the category of resources expended for which it was incurred.

f. Allocation of support costs

Support costs are those costs which do not relate directly to a single activity. These include some staff costs, office costs, costs of administration and currency costs not related to specific projects. Support costs have been apportioned between fundraising costs, trading costs and charitable activities on an appropriate basis. The analysis of support costs and the bases of apportionment applied are shown in note 9.

g. Fundraising costs

Fundraising costs are costs incurred in generating income for the charity and include a proportion of staff costs apportioned on the time spent and fundraising platform fees. The analysis of fundraising costs and the basis of apportionment are detailed in notes 8 and 9.

h. Trading costs

Trading costs are those involved in generating income by the sale of refurbished donated goods. These costs include a proportion of staff costs apportioned on the time spent, the relevant costs of sale and marketing and payment provider fees. The analysis of trading costs and the basis of apportionment are detailed in notes 8 and 9.

i. Costs of charitable activities

Costs of charitable activities comprise all costs incurred in the pursuit of the charitable objects of the charity. These costs, where not wholly attributable, are apportioned between the categories of charitable expenditure in addition to the direct costs. The total costs of each category of charitable expenditure include an apportionment of support costs as shown in notes 8 and 9.

37

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (4)

• j. Governance costs

Governance costs comprise all costs involving public accountability of the charity and its compliance with regulation and good practice. Governance costs are reported separately in the Statement of Financial Activities and are detailed in note 8.

k. Debtors

Debtors are amounts owed to the charity. They are measured on the basis of their recoverable amount.

• l. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and in hand is held to meet the day to day running costs of the charity as they fall due. Cash equivalents are short term, highly liquid investments, in 90-day notice interest bearing savings accounts.

m. Creditors

Creditors are amounts owed by the charity. They are measured at the amount that the charity expects to pay to have to settle the debt.

• n. Realised gains and losses

i. Fixed assets

• These are recognised in the Statement of Financial Activities as they arise. Losses / gains on fixed assets are calculated as the difference between the net book value at the beginning of the year (or purchase value if later) and the amount realised on sale / scrappage.

ii. Exchange rate gains / losses

• Donations made in USD are held in a USD account until transferred to our partners in Malawi. Whilst funds are held as USD, the theoretical exchange rate gain / loss is reported as a note to the account using the OANDA exchange rates at the time of each transaction and at the close of the financial year. When it is necessary to transfer USD to GBP (as was the case when Ebury closed our account) this is recognised as a cost in the Statement of Financial Activities and apportioned across funds as an overhead. The loss / gain is calculated over the duration the funds were held in USD. Further details are given in the note 10.

o. Tangible fixed assets

Individual fixed assets are capitalised at cost, or at fair market valuation for those items that have been donated and are kept for the use of the charity. They are depreciated over the estimated useful economic lives on a straight-line basis as follows:

	Asset category	Estimated useful economic life	Annual rate of depreciation
	Fixtures and fttings	5 years	20%
	IT equipment	3 years	33.3%
Details are given in note 12.
p.	Intangible fxed assets

Intangible fixed assets are included on the balance sheet only if it is possible to determine a fair value for that asset. When this is not possible, details of the intangible fixed asset are given as a note to the accounts (note 13).

38

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (5)

• q. Stocks held for distribution to beneficiaries or for sale to raise funds to support our charitable activities (see also 1.d.vi)

Stocks are held at fair value which is deemed to be the most economical replacement cost. Refurbished goods that are sold to raise funds to support our charitable activities are valued at the sale cost at the time of sale and the income from the sale recognised on the Statement of Financial Activity along with the expense of the original fair value. Details of stock movements are given in note 15.

r. Staff costs and pensions

Staff costs are apportioned according to the time each member of staff spends on an activity (fundraising, trading which includes the sale of refurbished donated goods to raise funds for the charity and charitable work). Where staff costs are supported by a specific grant, these costs are recorded against the income from this grant (note 19 on fund allocation). Staff costs covered by the COVID job retention scheme are also recorded against the income received. However, where these costs have partly been covered by the employer, this is recorded as a cost from unrestricted income. Full details of the allocation of staff costs are given in note 11.

All staff are enrolled in the Nest workplace pension scheme with an employer’s contribution rate of 4% of pensionable pay and an employee contribution rate of 5% of pensionable pay (the employee’s basic pay) with the option for employees to make additional voluntary contributions if they wish to.

The charity made no redundancy payments during the reporting period.

2. Related party transactions

The Charity Commission of England and Wales has given permission for James Turing to be employed as the Chief Executive Officer of the Turing Trust even though he is a connected party to one of the trustees. This trustee is not involved in any decisions taken that relate directly to James Turing or his employment.

HMRC has confirmed that the provision of rent-free accommodation by JD & NJ Turing to The Turing Trust via a lease meets the requirements of a gift of a qualifying interest in land as set out at S433 Income Tax Act 2007 provided that the transaction is evidenced as being arm length with an independent valuation of the rental value and that the donor does not become entitled to an interest or right in that property in accordance with S444 ITA 2007.

3. Legal status of The Turing Trust

The Turing Trust is a Charitable Incorporated Organisation. It was registered in its current legal form with the Charity Commission of England and Wales on the 15[th] April 2014.

The Turing Trust was registered with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator through Cross-Border registration on 19[th] November 2015.

39

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (6)

4. Analysis of income (cash funds)

		Unrestricted funds	Restricted funds	Endowment funds	Total funds	Prior year (2019)
	Analysis	£	£	£	£	£
Donations	Individual donations	12,700	22,862	-	35,562	29,481
	Gift aid	1,383	2,653	-	4,036	3,050
	Corporate donations	46,358	11,605	-	57,196	36,099
	Other donations (including receipts from charitable trusts, charity accounts andprizes)	16,852	5,147	-	22,814	14,009
	Unrestricted grants	58,043	-	-	58,043	-
Total		134,569	42,267	-	176,836	82,639
Grants	Scottish Government International Development Small Grant	-	14,430	-	14,430	28,510
	UK Aid Direct via FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Ofce)	-	35,782	-	35,782	-
	Coronavirus Job RetentionScheme	-	47,020	-	47,020	-
	The Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (SCVO) Grant	-	11,170	-	11,170	-
	Baillie Gifford Multi Year Award	-	5,000	-	5,000	-
	Rockstart COVID 19 Grant	-	7,000	-	7,000	-
	Learning Equality Hardware Grant	-		-	-	6,831
	Scottish Edge Social Enterprise					40,000
	Baillie Gifford Community Awards Programme.	-		-	-	2,000
Total		-	120,402	-	120,402	77,341
Charitable activities	Sale of goods at cost to other charities for distribution to benefciaries	9,625	-	-	9,625	2,240
	Reimbursement of costs associated with collection of IT equipment and delivery of IT equipment to other charitable organisations	52	-	-	52	1,518
	Shared facilities	400	-	-	400	1,293
Total		10,077	-	-	10,077	5,051

40

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (7)

4. Analysis of income (cash funds) - continued

			Unrestricted funds	Restricted funds	Endowment funds	Total funds	Total funds	Prior year (2019)
	Analysis		£	£	£	£		£
Other trading activities	Sales of refurbished computers		35,820	-	-	35,820		24,556
	Licenses for use of TuringTrust branding		3,544	-	-	3,544		1,240
	Speaker fees		-	-	-	-		1,325
Total			39,364	-	-	39,364		27,121
Income from investments	Interest income		1,470	-	-	1,470		1,362
Total			1,470	-	-	1,470		1,362
TOTAL INCOME			185,480	162,669	-	348,149		193,514
All income in the prior year (2019) was unrestricted except for:
		Source of income					Restricted funds 2019 £
Restricted donations		Individual donations					20,705
		Gift aid					2,165
		Corporate donations					23,228
		Other donations (including receipts from charitable trusts, charity accounts and prizes)					4,324
Restrictedgrants		Scottish Government International Development Small Grant					28,510
		Scottish Edge Social Enterprise Award					40,000
		Learning Equality Hardware Grant					6,830
		Baillie Gifford CommunityAwards Programme					2,000
Total Restricted Income 2019							127,762

All investment income arises from money held in interest bearing 90-day deposit accounts that are covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme or the Gibraltar Deposit Guarantee Scheme.

41

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (8)

5. Analysis of receipts of government grants

	Description	2020	2019
Restrictedgrants		£	£
Scottish Government International Development Small Grant	Scottish Government International Development Small Grant awarded March 2019 and paid over 3 years based on 6 monthly reports. Total grant £60,000. For project that will provide Malawian girls opportunities to learn digital skills.	14,430	28,510
UK Aid Direct via FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Ofce)	Small Charities Challenge Fund Grant. Awarded 13th January 2020. Paid over 2 years in arrears once project activity completed and approved. Total grant not more than £53,408.73. For a project supporting Malawian girls with IT skills.	35,782	-
Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (from 24/03/2020)	Staff costs for staff furloughed during the pandemic	47,020	-
Unrestricted grants
Midlothian Council	Small Business Support Grant (Scottish Government Coronavirus(COVID-19): support for businesses)	25,000	-
City of Edinburgh Council	Small Business Support Grant (Scottish Government Coronavirus(COVID-19): support for businesses)	18,750	-

The income from the Coronavirus retention scheme has been included under charitable activity. All staff were fully furloughed for the first 3 months of lockdown and were then switched to flexible furlough as soon as this was allowed in July 2020. This has enabled us to preserve financial stability, whilst adjusting to changing needs, including the shutdown of schools in Malawi and that it was not possible for our Malawi project manager to travel to Malawi to conduct in person Monitoring and Evaluation. This approach has enabled us to maintain our core activities of collecting and refurbishing donations in the UK, as reflected in sending two forty-foot containers to Malawi in 2020.

42

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (9)

6. Donated goods, facilities and services

	2020	2019	Accounting policy for recognition and valuation of donated goods facilities and services
Donated goods	£	£
For distribution or sale to raise funds to support our charitable activities	50,697	33,098	Donated goods are recognised at fair value at the point at which they have been received. It is assumed at the point of receipt that donated goods will be distributed to benefciaries at no cost and so fair value is deemed to be the replacement cost. Refurbished donated goods sold in the UK to provide funds to cover operational costs are recognised at the sale value at the time of sale and funds received are included in trading receipts and the initial value recognised at receipt is deducted as an expense.
Retained for use by the charity	690	35	Goods donated for on-going use by the charity are recognised as tangible fxed assets and included in the SoFA as incoming resources when receivable.
Donated services
Independent Examiner's Report	250	250	Services are included in the accounts on the basis of the value of the gift to the charity as agreed with the donor.
Interstate staff support for rebranding	500	500
Boss Digital staff support for updating our website	5,000	-
Websiteplans	304	-
Premises costs
Use of premises at Newbridge, January to September 2019	-	14,980	Valuation based on monthly rent charged once rent-free tenancy ended
Use of premises at Pentland for nominal rent of £1 per annum (from October 26th, 2020)	8,924	-	Valuation based on independent rent valuation

Our rent-free tenancy at Newbridge ended in October 2019 and so rent was paid from October 2019 to October 2020 inclusive.

The Turing Trust also benefits from donations of software licenses with support from Redbooth, OnDMARC, Sage, Salesforce, GoogleAdWords, Microsoft Office 365 Business Essentials. These are not included in the accounts as the charity would use open source software to provide an equivalent benefit and so the value to the gift to the charity is deemed to be £0.

43

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (10)

7. Role of volunteers

Volunteers play a crucial part in our activities. They play a key role in our computer refurbishment operations in Edinburgh and on helping to load containers on shipping day. This year they undertook the many tasks associated with our relocation to Pentland. We also have several volunteers who work remotely to support our operations and their activities include the sourcing and development of e-learning materials and their alignment to the Malawi curriculum, website and social media support, bookkeeping and the preparation of the accounts and annual report.

8. Analysis of expenditure

Analysis of expenditure on charitable activities

	Unrestricted funds	Restricted funds	Endowment funds	Total funds	Prior year (2019)
Analysis	£	£	£	£	£
Malawi project (Scottish Government International Development Small Grant 2016-19)	0	0	0	0	5,850
Malawi project (Scottish Government International Development Small Grant 2019-22)	0	5,238	0	5,238	20,300
Malawi project (UK Aid Direct via FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Ofce))	0	32,625	0	32,625	0
Malawi project (Big Give Christmas Challenge annual fundraiser from 2017 onwards)	0	19,614	0	19,614	10,232
Malawi project (Scottish Edge Social Enterprise Award 2019 and Young Edge 2018)	0	9,511	0	9,511	19,056
Malawi projects (including all restrict- ed funds <£10,000)	0	6,870	0	6,870	10,636
Ghanaproject				0	2,646
Staff costs in UK	18,030	47,020	0	65,050	22,873
Overheads in UK	33,408	1,817	0	35,225	22,381
Computer refurbishment hardware	0	2,139	0	2,139	0
Refurbishment of newpremises	120,513	0	0	120,513	0
Cost of computers donated	59,656	0	0	59,656	29,166
Cost of obsolete donations recycled	5,190	0	0	5,190	5,217
Sub Total	236,797	124,834	0	361,659	150,357

44

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (11)

Analysis of expenditure on fundraising activities

	Unrestricted funds	Restricted funds	Endowment funds	Total funds	Prior year (2019)
Analysis	£	£	£	£	£
Staff costs	1,218	0	0	1,218	3,786
Overheads	1,184	0	0	1,184	1,980
Cost of donations (platform fees)	100	598	0	699	479
Sub Total	2,502	598	0	3,100	6,245

Analysis of expenditure on trading activities (including the sale of donated goods)

	Unrestricted funds	Restricted funds	Endowment funds	Total funds	Prior year (2019)
Analysis	£	£	£	£	£
Staff costs	0	9,712	0	9,712	8,459
Overheads	9,475	0	0	9,475	3,503
Cost of sales	10,309	0	0	10,309	6,875
Sub Total	19,784	9,712	0	29,496	18,837

Analysis of governance costs

	Unrestricted funds	Restricted funds	Endowment funds	Total funds	Prior year (2019)
Analysis	£	£	£	£	£
Independent examination of ac- counts	250	0	0	250	250
Trustee expenses	510	0	0	510	505
Professional and legal costs	395	0	0	395	185
Sub Total	1,155	0	0	1,155	940
TOTAL EXPENDITURE	260,238	135,144	0	395,382	176,379

9. Allocation of support costs and overheads

Support and overhead costs are allocated between fundraising, trading and charitable activities. Governance costs are those support costs which relate to the strategic and day to day management of a charity and are reported on separately under charitable expenditure from unrestricted funds. Trading costs include those involved in the sale of donated goods to raise funds to support our charitable objectives.

The bases of allocation used are:

• the proportion of each member of staff’s time used in a particular activity

• direct allocation where support costs have been funded for a specific project

45

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (12)

Overheads

ads
	2020 £	2019 £
Marketing – printed materials / promotional goods	-	396
Website	128	43
Rent and rates	20,689	8,385
Gas and electric	205	-
Internet / phone	705	965
Travel and Entertainment	168	1,211
Ofce costs	1,348	645
Insurance	2,892	465
Repairs and renewals	72	-
Foreign exchange transactions	64	40
Exchange rate (gain)/loss	920	181
Depreciation	3,965	2,052
Donated services (branding, website)	5,804	500
Donated facilities	8,924	14,980
Total	45,884	29,865

Allocation of overheads

Allocation of overheads
	2020		2019
Activity	% Staff Time	£	% Staff Time	£
Charitable	76.8	33,408	81.7	22,381
Charitable (DFID project)		1,817		2,000
Fundraising	2.6	1,184	6.7	1,980
Trading	20.7	9,475	11.7	3,503
Total overheads cost		45,884		29,865

Allocation of staff time in 2020 has changed since 2019 because a grant from the Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (SCVO) enabled us to employ staff specifically to manage our e-bay sales and because we have prioritised our operational activity collecting and refurbishing computers during the pandemic to be able to continue to send these to our partners in Malawi for distribution to schools and to continue to generate funds through the sale of donated computers on eBay.

46

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (13)

10. Analysis of funds held in USD accounts

Donations made in USD are held in a USD account until transferred to our partners in Malawi. This minimises transaction costs. Whilst funds are held as USD, the theoretical exchange rate gain / loss is reported using the OANDA exchange rates at the time of each transaction and at the close of the financial year. When it is necessary to transfer USD to GBP (as was the case when Ebury closed our account) this is recognised as a cost in the Statement of Financial Activities and apportioned across our activities as an overhead. The loss / gain is calculated over the duration the funds were held in USD. Exchange rate losses were recognised in the SOFA at the time of the transfer, although the transfer was made in USD and then transferred to Malawi as USD immediately the funds were available so that the balance in our Transferwise account was £0 at the end of the year.

.
	2020		2019
Ebury	$	£	$	£
Balance at start of year	17,031	12,917	0	0
Additions	41,815	32,643	24,270	18,857
Payments	58,785	44,593	7,218	5,743
Fees	61	47	20	16
Exchange rate gain / loss		920		181
Balance at end of year	0	0	17,031	12,917
Transferwise	2020		2019
	$	£	$	£
Balance at start of year	0	0	0	0
Additions	11,285	8,439	0	0
Payments	11,281	8,436	0	0
Fees	4	3	0	0
Balance at end ofyear	0	0	0	0

11. Analysis of staff costs, trustee remuneration and expenses, and the cost of key management personnel.

Staff costs

	This year	Prior year (2019)
	£	£
Salaries and wages	96,846	72,073
Social security costs	4,637	2,299
Pension costs (employer contributions)	3,809	2,508
Other employee benefts	0	0
Total staff costs	105,292	76,880

No employees received employee benefits (including employer pension costs) for the reporting period of more than £60,000.

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Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (14)

Key management personnel costs (excluding trustee costs)

personnel costs (excluding trustee costs)
	This year	Prior year (2019)
	£	£
Total amount paid to key management personnel including pension	41,051	37,861

Staff numbers

	This year	Prior year (2019)
	Number	Number
Average head count in the year (FTE)	4	4
Full-time staff	4	2
Part-time staff	0	2
FTE at the start of the fnancial year	3	2.3
FTE at the end of the fnancialyear	4	3

Apportionment of staff time and associated staff costs to activities of the charity

	This year	Prior year (2019)
	% time	% time
Charitable	76.8	81.6
Fundraising	2.6	6.6
Trading	20.7	11.7

Allocation of staff time this year to specific activities is based on actual hours worked and has not included any time spent on furlough. The decision was made to prioritise the return to work of those members of staff responsible for the day-to-day operations in our workshop to supervise volunteers and maintain a good throughput of refurbished computers and to support our income through sales of donated equipment. Salary costs for the member of staff responsible for e-bay sales have also been partly covered by a grant from the Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (SCVO). This has resulted in a relative increase in the proportion of time spent on trading activities (which include the sale of donated goods). The apportionment of staff costs to specific activities or projects includes associated social security and pension costs.

The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme grant covered staff costs of £47,020 in total in 2020.

The Turing Trust benefits from the Employment Allowance which allows us to reduce our National Insurance Liability by £4000 per annum.

Trustee expenses

Two trustees were paid a total of £510 in expenses for attending trustee meetings. Trustees receive no renumeration or other benefits from the charity other than expenses.

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Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (15)

12. Tangible fixed assets

12. Tangible fxed assets	12. Tangible fxed assets	12. Tangible fxed assets	12. Tangible fxed assets	12. Tangible fxed assets	12. Tangible fxed assets	12. Tangible fxed assets
Cost (forpurchases) or valuation (for donatedgoods)
	Freehold land & buildings	Other land & buildings	Plant, machinery and motor vehicles	Fixtures, fttings and equipment	IT equipment	Total
	£	£	£	£	£	£
At the beginning of the year	-	1,740	-	4,945	1,035	7,720
Additions	-	-	-	938	-	938
Revaluations	-	-	-	-	-	-
Disposals	-	-	-		-	-
Transfers *	-	-	-	-	-	-
At end of the year	-	-	-	5,883	1,035	6,918
Depreciation and impairments
Basis*	Not applicable	SL	Not applicable	SL	SL
Rate**	Not applicable	5 years	Not applicable	5 years	3 years
At beginning of the year	-	1,160	-	440	2,000	3,600
Disposals	-	1,257	-	72	35	1,364
Depreciation	-	483	-	1,118	1,000	2,601
Impairment	-	-	-	-	-	-
Transfers*	-	-	-	-	-	-
At end of the year	-	2,900	-	1,630	3,035	7,565
Net book value
Net book value at beginning of the year	-	1,740	-	4,945	1,035	7,720
Net book value at end of the year	-	-	-	4,693	-	4,693

13. Intangible assets

The Turing Trust has registered the mark Turing (Trade Mark No: UK00003348952) in respect of the repair of computers for charitable purposes. This is not included in the balance sheet as it is not possible to determine a fair value for this asset.

49

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (16)

14. Analysis of cash and cash equivalents

sh and cash equivalents
	This year	Prior year (2019)
	£	£
Cash at bank and in hand (GBP)	83,494	52,266
Cash at bank and in hand (USD)	0	12,917
Notice deposits (less than 3 months)	89,499	136,294
Total cash and cash equivalents	172,993	201,477

Cash held in 2019 included £54,600 remaining of the loan from Scottish Edge. At year end, The Turing Trust did not hold any funds in USD.

The notice deposits are 90-day notice accounts held with Triodos Bank (registered in UK) and Moneycorp Bank (registered in Gibraltar). All of the amounts held on interest bearing deposit are available to spend on charitable activities.

Cryptocurrency donations are not included in the income statement until converted into GBP and transferred to our current account.

Holdings in Coinbase at year end (GBP equivalent at rate of exchange at year end)

	This year	Prior year (2019)
	£	£
Coinbase holdings	128	18

15. Stocks

Stock includes items purchased for distribution to beneficiaries that have not yet been shipped.

	2020	2020	2019	2019
	Stock	Donated goods	Stock	Donated goods
	£	£	£	£
Opening	0	35,701	0	42,935
Added in period	2,792	51,387	0	33,133
Expensed in period	2,342	70,093	0	40,367
Closing	450	16,995	0	35,701

50

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (17)

16. Debtors and prepayments

Analysis of debtors

rs
	Thisyear	Prioryear(2019)
	£	£
Trade debtors	44,726	28997
Prepayments and accrued income	2,460	2,500
Other debtors	0	0
Total	47,186	31,497

The Turing Trust does not have any debtors falling due after one year.

17. Creditors and accruals

and accruals
	Thisyear	Prioryear(2019)
	£	£
Trade creditors	2,030	55,079
Accruals and deferred income	120	271
Other creditors	0	0
Total	2,150	55,350

The Turing Trust does not have any creditors falling due after one year.

18. Contingent assets and liabilities

The Turing Trust does not have any recognisable contingent liabilities.

The Turing Trust is in receipt of grants where subsequent payments are contingent on the approval of progress reports. These are detailed below:

Description of grant	Estimate of fnancial effect in following year	Estimate of fnancial effect in following year
	This year	Prior year (2019)
	£	£
Scottish Government International Development Small Grant	17,060	14,430
UK Aid Direct via FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Ofce)	17,627	35,782
Baillie Gifford Multiyear Award A554609 (2020-2022)	5,000	0
Total	39,687	50,212

These projects are all well on track and we do not anticipate any issues relating to the timing or settlement of these grants.

19. Funds held by the charity

The charity does not hold any endowment funds.

51

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (18)

Details of material funds held and movements during the CURRENT reporting period

*Key: R - restricted income funds, U - unrestricted income funds

Fund names	Type of Fund*	Purpose and Restrictions	Fund balances brought forward	Income	Expenditure	Transfers	Fund balances carried forward
Restricted			£	£	£	£	£
Scottish Government International Development Small Grant	R	Scottish Government International Development Small Grant awarded March 2019 and paid over 3 years based on 6 monthly reports. Total grant £60,000. For project that will provide Malawiangirls opportunities to learn digital skills.	8,210	14,430	5,238	(13,097)	4,305
UK Aid Direct via FCDO (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Ofce)	R	Small Charities Challenge Fund Grant. Awarded 13th January 2020. Paid over 2 years in arrears once project activity completed and approved. Total grant not more than £53,408.73. To support a project supporting Malawian girls with ITskills.	0	35,782	34,470	0	1,312
Malawi project (Big Give)	R	To support our projects in Malawi by providing funds to support activities necessary to the success of these projects but not funded byother restrictedgrants.	76,470	32,874	20,212	0	89,132
Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme	R	Salary costs of staff who have been furloughed during the pandemic	0	47,020	47,020	0	0
Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (SCVO)	R	To support part salary costs of our sales manager	0	11,170	8,498	0	2,672
Scottish Edge	R	Support for Malawi project including salary costs, hardware for computer refurbishment,shipping and asales manager.	13,386	0	10,725	0	2,661
Malawi project (including all restricted funds <£10,000)	R	To cover costs of our projects in Malawi including general support wherever required and settingupof computer labs.	6,870	8,323	6,870	0	8,323
Baillie Gifford Multi Year Award	R	To contribute towards salary costs for one staff member to develop and implement a training programme.	0	5,000	0	0	5,000
RockstartCOVID 19	R	Staffcosts to developIT training programme	0	7,000	0	0	7,000
Computer refurbishment	R	Computer refurbishment	1,069	1,070	2,139	0	0
Restricted subtotal	R		106,005	162,669	135,144	(13,097)	120,433
Unrestricted	U		115,039	251,845	260,238	13,097	119,743
Total Funds			221,044	414,514	395,382	0	240,176

52

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (19)

Details of material funds held and movements during the PREVIOUS reporting period

*Key: R - restricted income funds, U - unrestricted income funds

Fund names	Type of Fund (R or U*)	Purpose and Restrictions	Fund balances brought forward	Income	Expenditure	Transfers	Fund balances carried forward
Restricted			£	£	£	£	£
Malawi project (Scottish Government 2016-19)	R	Installation of computers in schools in Malawi and pilot ofSolarBerry	0	0	5,850	5,850	0
Malawi project (Scottish Government 2019-22)	R	Scottish Government International Development Small Grant awarded March 2019 and paid over 3 years based on 6 monthly reports. Total grant £60,000. For project that will provide Malawian girls opportunities to learn digital skills.	0	28,510	20,300	0	8,210
Malawi project (Big Give)	R	To support our projects in Malawi by providing funds to support activities necessary to the success of these projects bynot funded byother restrictedgrants.	49,599	37,582	10,711	0	76,470
Malawi project (including all restricted funds <£10,000)	R	To cover costs of our projects in Malawi including general support wherever required, setting up of computer laboratories and the provision of solar lights to ourSolarBerry community.	0	17,505	10,635	0	6,870
Scottish Edge	R	Support for Malawi project including salary costs, hardware for computer refurbishment, shipping and a sales manager.	901	40,000	27,515	0	13,386
Computer refurbishment	R	Computer refurbishment	0	1,069	0	0	1,069
Baillie Gifford CommunityAward	R	Towardsrentcost	0	2,000	2,000	0	0
Ghana project	R	To cover costs of maintenance of computer labs installed in Ghana and student sponsorship	0	1,096	2,646	1,550	0
Restricted subtotal	R		50,500	127,762	79,657	7,400	106,005
Unrestricted	U		104,546	114,615	96,722	(7,400)	115,039
Total funds			155,046	242,377	176,379	0	221,044

53

Accounts: Notes to the Accounts (20)

20. Transfers between funds

		Reason for Transfer	Amount £
This year	From restricted to unrestricted funds	To accommodate an internal transfer from GBP to MWK as unrestricted funds that are generated in Malawi were spent directly in MWK. This is done as the most efcient means to meet our expenditure whilst minimising foreign exchange fees. In 2020 this sum was spent in Malawi in MWK for the restricted funds of the Scottish Government grant; therefore, as these funds are otherwise unrestricted income, but have been spent on a restricted expense this internal transfer restores the balance between our restricted and unrestricted funds.	13,097
	From unrestricted to restrictedfunds		0
Previous year	From restricted to unrestricted funds		0
	From unrestricted to restricted funds	To support fnal phase of project funded by Scottish Government International Development Small Grant(2016-19)	5,850
		To supplement restricted funds for costs of Ghana project	1,550
		Total transferred from unrestricted to restricted funds inperiod	7,401

21. Events after the end of the reporting period

The Turing Trust applied to the Energy Savings Trust for a grant (£10,000) and an interest free loan (£69,934.07) to cover the energy efficiency costs of the office building. We heard after the end of the reporting period that our application had been successful and the grant and loan were paid into our cash account at the end of January 2021. The loan is repayable at the rate of £728 per month over 8 years.

54

Contact Details

Charity Name: The Turing Trust

Registered Charity Number in Scotland: SC046150

Registered Charity Number in England and Wales: 1156687

Charity principal address (Scotland): Unit 7C, Pentland Industrial Estate, Loanhead, EH20 9QH Charity principal address (England): 68 Marshalswick Lane, St Albans, AL1 4XF

Phone: [phone]

Email: [e-mail] Website: https://turingtrust.co.uk/

Twitter: TuringTrust

Facebook: TuringTrust

LinkedIn: Turing Trust

CYD team, Mzuzu, Malawi From left to right: Geoffrey Maguda, Doreen Luhanga, Vigilant Vijimbo, Chifundo Chidumu, James Gondwe

Cover photos:

Front: Nkhata Bay Boys Secondary School, Malawi Back: Mganga Community Day Secondary School, Malawi

55