Charity registration number 1156452 (England and Wales) Company registration number 08212174 

# NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST ANNUAL REPORT AND UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 



## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION 

|Trustees|Mr Stephen Epstein|
|---|---|
||Mr Jonathan Davies|
|Charity number (England and Wales)|1156452|
|Company number|08212174|
|Principal address|Rainsough Jewish Cemetery|
||Butterstile Lane|
||Prestwich|
||Manchester|
||M25 9UL|
|Registered office|Rainsough Jewish Cemetery|
||Butterstile Lane|
||Prestwich|
||Manchester|
||M25 9UL|
|Independent examiner|Lopian Gross Barnett & Co|
||1st Floor, Cloister House|
||Riverside|
||New Bailey Street|
||Manchester|
||M3 5FS|





## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## CONTENTS 

||Page|
|---|---|
|Trustees' report|1 - 2|
|Independent examiner's report|3|
|Statement of financial activities|4|
|Balance sheet|5|
|Notes to the financial statements|6 - 13|





## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## TRUSTEES' REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

The trustees present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 August 2024. 

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in note 1 to the financial statements and comply with the charity's governing document, the Companies Act 2006 and “Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)” (as amended for accounting periods commencing from 1 January 2016) 

## Objectives and activities 

The objects of the charity are to manage and maintain Jewish cemeteries in Manchester; to undertake the control, management, and administration of such cemeteries and adjoining roads and landscaped areas; to undertake the repair, cleansing, landscaping, control, maintenance and upkeep of the said cemeteries, land and buildings thereon and generally to manage the same and to employ such agents, contractors, professional advisers, engineers, gardeners, and other persons to provide such services. The trustees confirm that they have referred to guidance contained in the charity commissions general guidance on public benefit when reviewing the trusts aims and objectives and in planning future activities and settling the grant making policy for the year. 

The charity's main income is generated from constituent burial board contributions and other service activities. Most of this income is used to maintain the charity's objectives of maintaining the Jewish cemeteries. 

## Public benefit 

The trustees have paid due regard to guidance issued by the Charity Commission in deciding what activities the charity should undertake. 

## Achievements and performance 

## Significant activities and achievements against objectives 

During the period the trust made payments to a variety of cemeteries within the Jewish community. Almost all of the incoming resources were used in the furtherence of the charity's objectives leaving a cash reserve. The remaining reserves in the bank accounts are required to be available for any expense arising unexpectedly. The trustees are pleased with the charity's performance and continue to seek out extra funding. 

## Fundraising performance 

Fundraising via the receipt of donations continued in the year ensuring objectives set by the charity were achieved. The charity received donation income of £136,195 in the year. 

## Financial review 

During the year the charity received donation income of £136,195 and further income for services of £132,117. Together with bank interest the charity had total income of £275,180. After costs of £47,295 for maintaining the various cemeteries and other costs of £260,533 there was a decrease in reserves of 32,648. 

## Reserves policy 

There is no formal policy to maintain a set level of reserves. The trustees are continually looking for further funding to maintain a suitable level in which the chairty can continue to operate. 

At the balance sheet date the Trust had a fund balances of £393,210. The trustees consider that this is an acceptable level of funds in order to immediately be able to donate a large sum if required or have funding for obtaining further investments. 

## Major risks 

The trustees has assessed the major risks to which the charity is exposed, and are satisfied that systems are in place to mitigate exposure to the major risks. 

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NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST
TRUSTEES. REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS. REPORT) (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024
Plans for future perfods
The charity plans to continue to seek donations to enable them to distribute monies throughout the Jewish
communty.
Structure. governance and management
The charity is a company limited by guarantee govemed by its Memorandum and Artides of Associats'on dated 12
September 2012. It is registered as a d)aiity with the Charity Commissi￿.
The trustees, who are also the directors for the PUTpose of ￿rnPany law, and who Se￿ed during the year and up to
the date of signature of the financial statements were..
Mr Stephen Epstein
Mr Jonathan Davies
Recruitment and appointment of twstees
Appointment of other trustees is at the discretion of the exsting Itustees. Training would be offered to new trustees
by the existing trustees.
None of the trustees has any beneficial interest in the company. All of the trustees are members of the company and
guarantee to contribute £1 in the event of a winding up.
All decisions made on behalf of the charTty are made by the trustees.
The trustees are responsible for the provision of means to maintain its objectives.
Relationship with relatedparties
Details of related party transactions are disdosed in note 21 to the accounts. Trustees are required to disclose all
relevant interests and withdraw from decisions where a corfflict of interest arises.
The
tees. ￿port was approved by the Board of Trustees.
en Epstein
Date:........Xi....kn.....l%.........

NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST
INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT
TO THE TRUSTEES OF NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST
I report lo the trustees on my examination of the financial stalemenis of North Manchester Jewish Cemeteries
Trust (the charity) for the year ended 31 August 2024_
Responsibilities and basis of report
As the trustees of the charity land also its directors for the purposes of company lawl, you are responsible for
the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with Ihe requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
Having satisfied myself that the financial statements of the charity are not required to be audited under Part 16
of the Companies Act 2006 and are eligible for independent examination. I report in respect of my examination
of the charity's financial statements carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011. In carrying out my
examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charily Commission under section 145(51{b) of the
Charities Act 2011.
Independent examiner's statement
Since the charity's gross income exceeded £250.000. the independent examiner must be a member of a body
listed in section 145 of the Charities Act 2011. 1 confirm that l am qualified to undertake the examination
because l am a member of ICAEW. which is one of the lisled bodies.
I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the
examination giving me cause to believe that in any material respect..
accounting records were not kept in respect of the charity as required by section 386 of the Companies
Act 2006.
the financial statements do not accord with Ihose records- or
the financial statements do not comply with the accounting requirements of section 396 of the Companies
Act 2006 other than any requirement that the financial statements give a true and fair view, which is not a
matter considered as part of an independent examination.. or
the financial statements have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the
Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities applicable lo charities
preparing their financial statements in accordan￿ with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the
UK and Republic of Ireland IFRS 1021.
I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination lo which
attention Should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the financial statements lo
be reached.
Daniel Rubinstein FCA
Lopian Gross Barnett & Co
1 st Floor, Cloister House
Riverside
New Bailey Street
Manchester
M3 5FS
Dated.. 3010612025

## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES INCLUDING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT 

## FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

|||Unrestricted|Unrestricted|
|---|---|---|---|
|||funds|funds|
|||2024|2023|
||Notes|£|£|
|Income from:||||
|Donations and legacies|3|4,155|2,296|
|Charitable activities|4|132,040|136,422|
|Other trading activities|5|132,117|144,348|
|Investments|6|6,868|1,802|
|Total income||275,180|284,868|
|Expenditure on:||||
|Charitable activities|7|305,828|295,315|
|Other expenditure|12|2,000|-|
|Total expenditure||307,828|295,315|
|Net expenditure and movement in funds||(32,648)|(10,447)|
|Reconciliation of funds:||||
|Fund balances at 1 September 2023||425,858|436,305|
|Fund balances at 31 August 2024||393,210|425,858|



The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year. All income and expenditure derive from continuing activities. 

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NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST
BALANCE SHEET
AS AT31 AUGUST2024
2024
2023
Fixed assets
Tangible assets
14
34.214
46,562
Current assets
Debtors
Cash at bank and in hand
15
53.847
321.524
66,209
343,335
375.371
409,544
Creditor8: amounts falllng due withln
one year
17
{14,306)
(24.517)
Net current assets
361,(￿5
385,027
Total assets l&ss current Ilabilities
395.279
431,589
Creditor5: amounts falling due after
more than one year
18
(2.069)
(5.731)
Net assets
393.210
425.858
The funds of the charlty
Unrestricted funds
19
393,210
425,858
393,210
425,858
The company is entitled to the exemption from the audit requirement contained in section 477 of the Companies Act
2006, for the year ended 31 August 2024.
The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006
with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial ststements.
The members have not required the ￿rnpanY to obtain an audit of its firk2ncial statements for the year in question in
accordance with section 476.
These financial ststemerts have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject
to the
all companies regime.
Thefi
noal statements were approved by the trustees on ...£
Mrst
Thistee
en Epstein
Comp y registrab'on number 08212174 (Englarxj and ￿Èles)

## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## NOTES TO THE  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

## 1 Accounting policies 

## Charity information 

North Manchester Jewish Cemeteries Trust is a private company limited by guarantee incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Rainsough Jewish Cemetery, Butterstile Lane, Prestwich, Manchester, M25 9UL. 

## 1.1 Accounting convention 

The accounts have been prepared in accordance with the charity's governing document,  the Companies Act 2006 and “Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)” (as amended for accounting periods commencing from 1 January 2016). The charity is a Public Benefit Entity as defined by FRS 102. 

The charity has taken advantage of the provisions in the SORP for charities applying FRS 102 Update Bulletin 1 not to prepare a Statement of Cash Flows. 

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the charity. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £. 

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below. 

## 1.2 Going concern 

At the time of approving the financial statements, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the trustees continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements. 

## 1.3 Charitable funds 

Unrestricted funds are available for use at the discretion of the trustees in furtherance of their charitable objectives. 

Funds held by the charity are all unrestricted, these being funds which can be used in accordance with the charitable objects at the discretion of the trustees. 

## 1.4 Income 

Income is recognised when the charity is legally entitled to it after any performance conditions have been met, the amounts can be measured reliably, and it is probable that income will be received. 

Cash donations are recognised on receipt. Other donations are recognised once the charity has been notified of the donation, unless performance conditions require deferral of the amount. Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid or deeds of covenant is recognised at the time of the donation. 

Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts and VAT. 

- 6 - 



## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## NOTES TO THE  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

## 1 Accounting policies 

(Continued) 

## 1.5 Expenditure 

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to transfer economic benefit to a third party, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement, and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. 

Expenditure is classified by activity. The costs of each activity are made up of the total of direct costs and shared costs, including support costs involved in undertaking each activity. Direct costs attributable to a single activity are allocated directly to that activity. Shared costs which contribute to more than one activity and support costs which are not attributable to a single activity are apportioned between those activities on a basis consistent with the use of resources. Central staff costs are allocated on the basis of time spent, and depreciation charges are allocated on the portion of the asset’s use. 

Expenditure is recognised on an accruals basis as a liability is incurred. Expenditure includes any VAT which cannot be fully recovered, and is reported as part of the expenditure to which it relates. 

Charitable expenditure comprises those costs incurred by the charity in the delivery of its activities and services for its beneficiaries. It includes both costs that can be allocated directly to such activities and those costs of an indirect nature necessary to support them. 

Governance costs comprise all costs involving the public accountability of the charity and its compliance with regulation and good practice. These costs include accountancy anf legal fees. 

## 1.6 Tangible fixed assets 

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses. 

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases: 

Plant and machinery 25% reducing balance Fixtures, fittings & equipment 25% reducing balance Motor vehicles 25% reducing balance 

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the statement of financial activities. 

## 1.7 Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities. 

## 1.8 Financial instruments 

The charity has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments. 

Financial instruments are recognised in the charity's balance sheet when the charity becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 

- 7 - 



## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## NOTES TO THE  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

## 1 Accounting policies 

(Continued) 

## Basic financial assets 

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised. 

## Basic financial liabilities 

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors and bank loans are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised. 

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method. 

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of operations from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

## Derecognition of financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the charity’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled. 

## 1.9 Leases 

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessees. All other leases are classified as operating leases. 

Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets at the lower of the assets fair value at the date of inception and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The related liability is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements. The interest is charged to net income/(expenditure) for the year so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. 

## 2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

In the application of the charity’s accounting policies, the trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods. 

- 8 - 



## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## NOTES TO THE  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

## FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

## 3 Income from donations and legacies 

||Unrestricted|Unrestricted|
|---|---|---|
||funds|funds|
||2024|2023|
||£|£|
|Donations and gifts|4,155|2,296|



|4|Income from charitable activities|||
|---|---|---|---|
|||Unrestricted|<br>Unrestricted|
|||funds|funds|
|||2024|2023|
|||£|£|
||Donations and gifts|132,040|136,422|
||Analysis by fund|||
||Unrestricted funds|132,040|136,422|
|5|Income from other trading activities|||
|||Unrestricted|Unrestricted|
|||funds|funds|
|||2024|2023|
|||£|£|
||Non-charitable trading activities|132,117|144,348|
|6|Income from investments|||
|||Unrestricted|Unrestricted|
|||funds|funds|
|||2024|2023|
|||£|£|
||Interest receivable|6,868|1,802|



- 9 - 



## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## NOTES TO THE  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

## FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

## 7 Charitable activities 

|||Charitable|Charitable|
|---|---|---|---|
|||activities|activities|
|||2024|2023|
|||£|£|
||Bad and doubtful debts|20,100|8,400|
||Cemetery maintenance and repairs|46,800|54,052|
||Garden services|495|465|
||Water charges|6,791|6,527|
||Gas and electric charges|3,153|6,464|
||Rent and rates|699|717|
||General administration charges|22,285|20,812|
||Telephone|1,920|2,387|
||Postage, stationery and advertising|1,515|1,706|
||Sundry expenses|1,059|6,461|
||Wages and salaries|168,657|151,667|
||Insurance|5,922|5,532|
||Motor expenses|9,814|11,845|
||Bank and credit card charges|188|186|
||Depreciation|10,347|9,245|
||Other charitable expenditure|180|180|
|||299,925|286,646|
||Share of governance costs (see note 8)|5,903|8,669|
|||305,828|295,315|
|8|Support costs allocated to activities|||
|||2024|2023|
|||£|£|
||Governance costs|5,903|8,669|
||Analysed between:|||
||Charitable Activities|5,903|8,669|
|9|Net movement in funds|2024|2023|
|||£|£|
||The net movement in funds is stated after charging/(crediting):|||
||Fees payable for the independent examination of the charity's financial|||
||statements|720|720|
||Depreciation of owned tangible fixed assets|10,347|9,245|
||Loss on disposal of tangible fixed assets|2,000|-|



- 10 - 



## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## NOTES TO THE  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

## 10 Trustees 

None of the trustees (or any persons connected with them) received any remuneration during the year. 

None of the trustees (or any persons connected with them) received any reimbursement of expenses from the charity during the year. 

## 11 Employees 

The average monthly number of employees during the year was: 

|The average monthly number of employees during the year was:|||
|---|---|---|
|Administration<br>Wages and salaries<br>Social security costs<br>Other pension costs|2024<br>Number<br>4<br>159,521<br>5,956<br>3,180<br>168,657|2023<br>Number<br>4|
|||140,259<br>8,006<br>3,402|
|||151,667|



There were no employees whose annual remuneration was more than £60,000. 

## 12 Other expenditure 

||Unrestricted|Unrestricted|
|---|---|---|
||funds|funds|
||2024|2023|
||£|£|
|Net loss on disposal of tangible fixed assets|2,000|-|



## 13 Taxation 

The activities of North Manchester Jewish Cemeteries Trust are exempt from direct taxation under Part 11 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010. 

- 11 - 



## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## NOTES TO THE  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

## FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

|14<br>Tangible fixed assets<br>Plant and<br>machinery<br>Fixtures,<br>fittings &<br>equipment<br>£<br>£<br>Cost<br>At 1 September 2023<br>76,711<br>75,090<br>Disposals<br>(19,983)<br>-<br>At 31 August 2024<br>56,728<br>75,090<br>Depreciation and impairment<br>At 1 September 2023<br>58,907<br>65,983<br>Depreciation charged in the year<br>3,613<br>1,821<br>Eliminated in respect of disposals<br>(17,983)<br>-<br>At 31 August 2024<br>44,537<br>67,804<br>Carrying amount<br>At 31 August 2024<br>12,191<br>7,286<br>At 31 August 2023<br>17,803<br>9,108<br>15<br>Debtors<br>Amounts falling due within one year:<br>Trade debtors<br>Other debtors<br>16<br>Finance lease obligations<br>Future minimum lease payments due under finance leases:<br>Within one year<br>Within two and five years|Motor<br>vehicles<br>£<br>22,772<br>-<br>22,772<br>3,122<br>4,913<br>-<br>8,035<br>14,737<br>19,651<br>2024<br>£<br>50,597<br>3,250<br>53,847<br>2024<br>£<br>3,834<br>2,069<br>5,903|Total<br>£<br>174,573<br>(19,983)<br>154,590<br>128,012<br>10,347<br>(17,983)<br>120,376<br>34,214<br>46,562<br>2023<br>£<br>62,334<br>3,875<br>66,209<br>2023<br>£<br>6,602<br>5,731<br>12,333|
|---|---|---|



- 12 - 



## NORTH MANCHESTER JEWISH CEMETERIES TRUST 

## NOTES TO THE  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) 

## FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 AUGUST 2024 

## 17 Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 

|Creditors: amounts falling due within one year|||
|---|---|---|
|Notes<br>Obligations under finance leases<br>16<br>Other taxation and social security<br>Trade creditors<br>Other creditors<br>Accruals and deferred income<br>Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year<br>Notes<br>Obligations under finance leases<br>16|2024<br>£<br>3,834<br>1,838<br>6,175<br>1,739<br>720<br>14,306<br>2024<br>£<br>2,069|2023<br>£<br>6,602<br>3,544<br>12,889<br>762<br>720|
|||24,517|
|||2023<br>£<br>5,731|



## 18 Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year 

## 19 Unrestricted funds 

The unrestricted funds of the charity comprise the unexpended balances of donations and grants which are not subject to specific conditions by donors and grantors as to how they may be used. These include designated funds which have been set aside out of unrestricted funds by the trustees for specific purposes. 

||At 1|Incoming|Resources|At 31 August|
|---|---|---|---|---|
||September|resources|expended|2024|
||2023||||
||£|£|£|£|
|General funds|425,858|275,180|(307,828)|393,210|
|Previous year:|At 1|Incoming|Resources|At 31 August|
||September|resources|expended|2023|
||2022||||
||£|£|£|£|
|General funds|436,305|284,868|(295,315)|425,858|



## 20 Events after the reporting date 

There were no events after the reporting period end date which require disclosure at the balance sheet date. 

## 21 Related party transactions 

There were no disclosable related party transactions during the year (2023 - none). 

- 13 -