Charity number: 1155092 Company number: 06597997 Muslim Women's Network UK Trustses, report and 15nancial statements for the period ended 31 March )25
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limitsd by guarantee) Contents L¢gal and administrntive InforntiOn TTUSte£s' report tndependent examiners, ret Statenxnt of financial a1vItieS Incom¢ and expenditure account Balanc¢ sheet io-ii Notes to the financial stalenntS 12-17
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Legal and admithtive information Charity number 1155092 Company r*tration number 06597997 Buslnthg addrns 1192 StratEord Road Birmingham B28 8AB Registered office 1192 straOrd Road Hall Green Binningham B28 8AB Dr Iram Sattar MBE (Co.Chair & Treasutv) Sopbie Garner (General Secretary) Faeeza Vaid MBE Ibtisam Belola Angela Dainton {Joined May 21Y24) Sopbie Garner Accountants RUS & Company IUK) Ltd 1190A_1192 Stratford Road Hall Green Birniingham B28 8AB
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Report of the tntee$ (ineorporaling the directors, report) ror the period ended 31 MaTch 2025 The tsustees present their report and the financial statements for the period ended 31 March 2025. The trustees. who are also directors of Muslim Women's Network UK for the pu4)08es of company law and who seryed duting the period and p to the date of this report are set out on pag¢ l. structu governance and management Incorporati(m ond Stah The MWNUK wos incorporated &5 a Conllnurrity tnterest Company with a Memorandum of Articjes on 20tb May 2008. The company registration number is 6597997. The company operatrs as a con)pany ]imited by guarantee and has no sl)are witsl. The Itability of it's nrnberS in the event of a viinding up is limited to £1 per member. The nanK of the company was changed to Muslim Women's Netwo UK Ltd on 27 November 2013. The company was also registered as a charity in December 2013 with the ChaTity No: 1155092. On th¢ 29th of (ktober 2018 Limited was rellVed fro the organisational name to be known &s Muslim w0nk,s Network UK. organalloalSlr[1cfyre The overall control of MWfrIUK lies with the Board of Directors who have the power olld legal duty to oversee aDd decide on all matters concerning MWNUK subject to the Memorandum of Articles and agreed policies and predre8. The Chairpersons are responsible for the managenw?t of the Board of Directors. and the CEO is responsible for the day to day nwement of MWNUL The Chrn and the CEO report dirtlY to the Board of Directors. Desthptlon and Objectives MWNUK works nationally to inwve the quajity of the lives of Muslim woll]en and girls. Our mission is tIefOre to achieve equality and justice for Muslim Women and girls through SUPPOTL education. research and advocacy. We believe these activities will lead to our vision of a society where Mw]im women and girls fillly utilise rights, choices and voices. We have three strategic objectives: l) Safety- Upholding the rigbts of Muslim WonKn and girls to be and feel Safe. 2) tDclusion - Upholding th¢ rights of Muslim Women and girls to be and feel included. 3) Solidarity. Building a solidarlty m0vellnt for Muslim w0ft and gtrls. Strateglc Actions (to deliver objectives) l) Strengthen the Muslim Women's Network Helpline and Counselling Seryice. 2) Edllte Muslim women and girls about their rights through caTnpaigning and developing resour¢e8. 3) Challenge and change unjust policies, practices and behaviours through research and advocacy. 4) Increase membersbip and strengthen member engagemenL 5) Develop and div¢rsify partnerships and collaborations to maxinllse impact. 6) tnvest in and Capacity build Mu81im women and girls. 7) Celebrate achieven]¢nts of Muslim women and girls. ?.
MuslAm Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Report of the tnRStees (ineorporating the directors, report) for the period ended 31 March 2025 Perforniance In 2024. the MWN ¢u]turally sensitive and multilin8val helpline service received approxintelY 3.679 Contacts, supporting 1,380 seryice users direcdy. An additional 936 beneficiaTi¢S-PTimttrily children-were indirectly supported through the help provided to their mothers. Most service users supported were victims of all type8 of abuse particularly dottwtic abuse and related issues. This included providing supported refealS as well a8 holistic trauma infornrd help via case workers in¢luding an IDVA over many weeks and months. To improve meDtsI wellbeing, we delivered 444 culturally sensitive coutwlling sessions to 62 individuals, averaging around seven sessions per person. To compIellnt our helpline. we officially launched the Amal Safety App, giving abuse SLrvivofs instant access to vital inforrl0n and a dI¢t lillk to our help]in¢. Our advocacy efforts included responding to six forn1 consultations and contributing to parliamentsry discussions on violence against women and girls (VAWG), domestic abuse. women's health (particu18Tly maternity care). education. racis and anti-muslim hatred. We also published research exploring Muslim women's voting habits, extcriences of anti-musjim hatred, alld the challenges minority women face in participating in local politic8. In the Jnedi4 we issued 20 statements and were featured over 22 titnes. including a significant segment on Sky News bighIigbting Muslim women's safety. We also held several listening events to celltre the lived experiences of minorlty ethnic women-these included a roundtable with the UN Raptellr on VAWG and a Wom'S health event c(Fhosted with the Cabinet Office and the Department of Health. Ollr digital reach continued to grow. with resource downloads incre&8ing by 15% to a total of 377.606. You can find nK>re details in the MWNUK Annual Report {2024) at www.mwnuLco.uk
M91] Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Report of the trnstees (incoryoratlng the directs)TS' report) for the period ended 31 March 2025 After dedtIll8 operational expenses of £373,552 from the total income of £404,609. The net resources 8mouJtted to £31,057. At the end of the financial year. the reseryes were £264.442. However. after taking into account the assets of £15.295 (funds already spent). reseryes available to spend is £249.147 of which £122.430 is restricted. Our reserves are being maintained in e0rdance with our Reserve Fund Po]icy and can only be spent in 8¢cordance with that policy. At present our reseryes cover at least 3 months operating costs and costs to cover potential maternity pay. The princApal fundmg sources for the organisation were by way of grant income, th)nations and other activites for generating funds. These fillS have been utiiised in aCcOrdae witb ful¢[ gLt agreements. Statement of trnstees, r07)I71t1eS The trllstees (who are also directors of Mus]im Women's Network UK for th¢ purpose of company law) are responsible for preF)arAng the Trustees, ADnua] Report and the financial stat¢rnents in accordance with applicable law and Urrited Company 18w requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial period which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the chitable company and of the incoming resources and application of resources. including the income and expenditure. of the charitable company for that R0d. In preparing these finaocial statetnents, select suitable accounting FK>licies and then apply them consistently; observe the ThthodS and principles in the Charities SORP. rnake judgements and estill]ates that are reasonabk and prndenL state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subjett to any material departS disclosed and explained in the finala1 statements: and prepare the fillanci statennts on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to pre8um¢ that the ¢haTAtable company will continue in operatio The tru8te¢s are responsible for keeping proper accounting records whicb disclos¢ with reasonable ac¢urd¢y at any time the fIJwl81 EK)sition of the charitable company and which enable them to ensure that the fman¢ial Statelln comply with the Companies Act 2(K)6. They ar¢ also resp)nsible for saferdIng the assets of the charitable company and hence foT taking re&8onable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and otlkr iTtegulatities. Small company provisions This report h&s been prepared ill aCC4Jrde with the spe£ial provisions for small companies under Part 15 of the ConwaDies Act 21x16. PArrf d
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limmted by guarantee) Report of the trustees (incorporating the directors, report) for the period ended 31 March 2025 On behalf of the board Dr Iram Sattar MBE (cchaIr & Treasurw) 2 9 October 2025 b4
Muslim Women's Network UK (A eompany limited by guarantee) Independent examiner's report to the trustees on the wlld1ted financial statements of Muslim Women's Network UIL I report on the xcounLS of Muslim Women's Network UK for peTi(xl ended 31 Mawh 2025 set out on pag¢s 2 to 17. Respective resw)nsibilities of trStee8 and Independent examiner The charity's trustees (who are also th¢ directors of tk company for PUT>S¢S of company law) are responsible for the preparation of Ihe accounts. The trustees consider that an audit is not wuired for this year under section 43{2) of the Charities Act 1993 (the Act). as annded by section 28 of the Clwities Act 2(Kkn and that an indendent examination is needed. It is my responsibility to examine the acmunts under section 43(3)(a) of the ACL amended. to follow the procedures laid down in the General Directions given by the Chariry Commissioll under section 43(7j(b) of the ACL &8 anrnded. and to state whether particular tr1 have CO to my atlentio Basis of Independent examiner's statement My examination was canied out in accordaDce with the General Directions given by the CFJarity Commission. examination includes a review of the aCntIng rewrds kept by the charity and a COMp&son of the accounts presented with those records. It also includes consideNion of any unusU31 it¢8 or disclosures in the accounts, and seeking explanations from you as trustees concerning any such matters. The uTrJertkn do not provide all the evidence that would be required in an audit and cOnSeqntIY no opinion is given to whether the accounts present 'true and fair view, and the report is limited to ttK)se atters sei out in the Statent below. IDdependent examfiner's statement In cotmection with my examinatio no mattrr has con to my attention". (i) which gives me reasonable Cause to believe th in 8ny rDaterial respect the requirenynts: io keep proper accoullting records in w)rdance with section 386 of the Companies Act 2(Ki6; and to prepare accounts which aca)rd with the acc(yJnting re£ords. comply with the accounting requirenrnts of section 396 of the Companies Aci 21XhS and with the n*dMKts and principleg of the statent of Recommended Practice: Accounting and RertIng by Clwities have not been llrt. or (li) to which. in my opinion. attention should be drawn in onkr to enable a protw understanthg of the accounts to be Independent examlner tharteredAccountsnts 1190A-7 794 Stratford Road Birmingham 828 8A8 +44 (0) 721 777 1200 infoOrus.co.uk www.rus.co.uk L. £71161 ?eLC
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Statement of financfial activities For the period ended 31 March 2025 ended ended 31103f25 31103124 Total Notes Voluntary income Charitable Activiteslservices 403,4(Y) 1.200 414,948 Total Incoming Mour 415.788 Cost of running charitable activities 373.552 Total funds brought fonvard 233.384 224.642 Total funds rrlled forward 264,442 233.384 Total reserves imclude £122.430 of restricted fimds. The notes on pages 12 to 17 forni 8n Integral part ofthe8e Ilnancial stalenwits. PA0• 7
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Income and expenditure ac¢ount For the period ended 31 March 2025 ended 31103125 ended 31103124 NotÉ8 Inwme 415.788 Owating expenditu (373,552) (407,046) Opernting surplus 31.057 8.742 Rdalned surplus for the finandal perlod 31.057 8.742 The notL8 on pages 12 to 17 forn an integral part of these IRnancial Statent&
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) The notes on pages 12 to 17 forni an integral part of these finela1 statenlts.
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Balance sbeet as at 31 March 2025 Notes Tangible &8sets Current assets Debtors Cash at bank and in hand Credltors: a]nounts falling due wlthin one year Net assets io 15.295 19,864 li 86,234 319.473 13.027 408.763 12 (156,560) (208,270) 264.442 233.384 13 Reserves 264.442 233,384 Totsl funds 264.442 233.384 Total reserves indude £122,430 of restricted fid8. The Bajonce Sheet continuc8 on following page. The llotes on 12 to 17 fonn an Integral part of these IlnaDciRi staten*nts.
Mwlim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Balance sheet (continued) TThteeS statements required by the Companies Aet 2(M16 for the period ended 31 March 2025 In approving tIe financial statements as trustees of the company we hereby confirn. (a) that for the peri(MJ stated above the con]pany was entitled to the exemption conf¢rred by section 477 of the Companies Act 2(Th . (b) that no notice has been desited at th¢ registered office of the con)pany pursuant to section 476 of the Cowpanies Act 21X)6 requesting that audit be conducted for the l(j ended 31 March 2025. (c) that we acknowledge our Tespjnsibilities for: (l) ensuring that the company keeps proper accounting recoThJs which comply with section 386 of tbe Compani¢s Act (2) preparing fmawial statements which give a Irue and fair vivw of the state of affairs of the company as at the end of the financial period and of its profit or loss for periiKI then ended in accordgnce with the requirements of sections 394 and 395, al which otherwise comply with the provisions of the CompaDies Act relating to fitwiciaI StatenntS, so far &8 applicable to the company. These financial statrments are prepared in aordanCe with the special provAsions of Part 15 of the Companies Act 2( relating to small companies and in accordan with the Fula1 Reporting Standard for Smaller Entities {effective April 2008). The financial Statellnts approved by the board on 2 ¥ October 2025 and signed on its behalf by Dr Iram Sattar MBE (Co•Chatr & Treasurer) ? 4 October 2025 Th¢ Dotes OD pages 12 to 17 fonn an integral part ofthese fiuaDcI81 statenwit&
Muslim Women's Network l]K (A company limited by guarantee) Notes to financlal statements for the period ended 31 March 2025 Aecountlng pollcles The principal acwunting policies are sull)nd below. The accouthg po]icies have been applied consistently throughout the period and the preceding period. 1.1. Basts of accounling The financial statemeats are prepared under the histOTica] cost convention and in accordance with the Financial Reporting Stfjndard for Srner Entities (effective Apiil 2(K)8). the Statement of Reconunended PTactie¢ 'Accounting and Reporting by Charities, issued in March 2(K)5 (SORP 2(X)5) and the CompaDies Act 2LKI6. 1.2. Incomlng resour All incoming resources included in the statement of fmancial activities when the dharity is entilled to the income and the amount ¢an be quantified WAth renable accuracy. The following specific polici&8 are applied to particular categories of income: Voluntary income is received by way of grants. don*ions and gifis and is included in ill the Stateme of fllwicial activities when receivabk. Grants where entitlement is not conditional on the delivery of a specific perforniance by the organisation, are recogntsed when the organis8tion becomes unconditionally entitled to th¢ Gifts donated for resale are included as incoming resources within athivitie8 for generdling funds wben they are sold. Grants, including grants for th¢ purc]we of fixed &8sets. are rewgnised in in stalement of financial activitie8 in the year in Trthich tbey are Teceivable. 1.3. ResounH expended Exp¢nditure is recognised on an accntsl basis fts a liability is incurred. Expenditure includes any VAT which cannot be fiY recovered and is reported as part of the expenditure to whtch it relates. Expenditure comprises those costs incurred by the organisation in the delivery of its activities and seryices for its beneficiaries. It includes both costs that can be auocated directly to such activities and those cost8 of an indirt nature necessary to support thenL l.& Research and development Research expenditswe As written off to the Profit dI08S account in the yeÈr in which it is incurre 1.5. Tangible IlThl assets and deprthtlon Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less accullwknted depreciation. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to Write off the cost less residual value of each asset over its expected useful life. as follows: Fixtures. fittings and equipment . 20% reducing balance Computer 33% Teducing bdallce l.& Defined contrlbutlon pension schemes The pension costs charged in the financial statellts represent the contiibution payable by the cbarity during the period. 1?.
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Notes to financiaj ststements for the period ended 31 March 2025 Volunl8ry income ended 31103125 31A)3124 14.797 4.473 27,250 13.509 102.324 31134 io.( 52.350 15.IM) Grants re1Vable . Lloyds Bank Fnd (Core costs) Grants receivable- JRcf (CoTr costs) Grwms receivable. National Lottery (Helpline) Grdnts Teceivable- Tudor Trust (Membership) Grants re£eivable - Charles Hayward (Counselling) Grants rCIVable . Esmee Fairbairn (Advowy) Grants receivable- Comic Relief (Helpllne) Grants receivable- Awards for All (Counselling) Grants receivable - HeDry Smith (Case Work) Grants CeIVable - Citizens UK (Ek4ual Power) r¢ceivable- Rosa (CapH¢ity Building) Graots receivable- Swyrt England(Walking Project) GTants receivable - John Ellernwi (Core costs) Grants receivable- Aziz Fnd (Advocacy tntern) Grants receivable- BTham Council (Casework) Grants receivable - Clothworker8 Fouudation(Equip) Grants receivable - Coutts Foundation (Core Costs) Grants receivable - NHS Blood Transplant (Proje¢t) Grants receivable- tkpL of Health (Research) Grallts receivable- Pe&rs Foundation (Core costs) Grgnts receivable. Schroder Charity (Help]ine) Grants receivable - Warwick Uni (Mattiage Project) Grants receivable- Eleanor TnL%t* (Casework) Grants receivable- Islamic Relief (Case Work) ioo.o(M) 04.062 67.199 13.620 30,086 4.869 24.425 35,000 16.242 4.925 9,800 3.106 iO.(KM) 35.(KK) 8,758 9,925 45.472 14,060 18.653 9.455 5.195 2.424 403.409 414,948 * Eleanor Rathbone Charitable TThst
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Notes to financial statements for the period ended 31 March 2025 Activltl£s for generating funds ended 31103n5 Total 31103124 Total Other activities for generating funds incon Sponsorship income 840 1.2 1.21N) Cost of (knltable actlvltl£8 ended 3M13125 3110312A Totsl Totsl 373552 407.046 Goveniance LY)sts ended 3JM125 31103124 Total Net incomlng resources for the perlod Year ended ended 31AIY25 31103124 tprlation 4.983 6,695 1d
Musjim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Notes to fllwiclal statsments for the period ended 31 March 2025 Employees Ye ended ended 31103125 31103nA Wages and s8larÉes Social seawAty costs Pension costs Other staff costs 236.079 8.818 3,872 246.810 8.667 3.213 248.769 258.690 Althougb social security costs of £8,818 are iodicated. the costs actually totalled: £13.818. Howev¢r. the National Insurance Contributions Employment Allowance rebatr of £5.0(K) was owed to MWNUK. Number of employees The average monthly nu]nbers of employees during the calculated on the basis of time l¥1Valents. W&8 &$ follows". ended ended 31103125 31103r24 Number Number Penslon costs The company operates a defined ¢ontribution pension scheme. The pension charge represents contributions dug from the company and was &q follows.. ended ended 31A13125 31103124 Pension charge 3.872 3.213 Taxation The charitys artivitie5 fall wtthin the exemptions afforded by the piovisions of the Income and Co4atiOn Taxes Act 1988. Accordingly. there 18 no ttion charge in these accounts.
Mus]im Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Not&s to fmaDcial statements for the period ended 31 March 2025 10. Tanglble fixed a&sets eqUipDt Computer Totsi At l April 2024 Opening balance adjustment Additions 19.023 24,673 43.696 414 414 At 31 March 2025 19.437 24,673 44.110 Depreclation At l AprAI 2024 a)arge for the period 6.288 2.630 17.544 2.353 23.832 4,983 At 31 March 2025 8.918 19.897 28,815 Net book values At 31 March 2025 10.519 4.776 15,295 At 31 March 2024 12.735 7.129 19.864 11. Debtors 31m3125 31103llA Trade debtors 86,234 13.027 86.234 13.027 12. Creditors: amouBts faukng due within one year 31nb3n5 31103124 Pension aEditors Trade creditors Other taxes and social security Acfflials and deferred income 1.365 3.090 1.095 18,743 148.057 184.333 156.560 208,270 * Accrnals include a525 of accoUcY fee ond £117 of Payroll fee. * Deferred income relates to gtxnt income trIed over:Albert Hunt (£7.000). Awa5 for All (£6.080.IXi). Coutts Foundation (£31,422). Esmee Fairbairn {£50.354), Islamic Relief (£11.107). John Ellerman Trust {£I,IKLI). Pears Foundation (£11,892). Rosa Foundation (£21.756) and WaThick University (£4,805).
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Notes to financial statemeDts for the period ended 31 Marcb 2025 13. Analysis of net assets between fimds Totsl Fund8 Fund ba]ance8 at 31 Mah 2025 a8 represent¢d by: Tangible fixed assets CuTreDt assets Current liabiiiiies 15.295 405.707 -156,560 15.295 405,707 -156,5( 204.442 264.442 14. Funds Analysts At At 01 Aprll Inconth¥ Outgolng 31 Mareh 2025 Reserves 233,384 404.f 373,551 264.442 IS. Capltsl commltments 31103125 31103124 2025 2024 Details of capital commitments at the accounting date are &8 follows.. Rent payabl¢ 19,039 17.318 16. During the year, the tnteeS expenses (travel I subsistence) related to their board duties were £654. 17. Company limited by guarantee Muslim W¢)men's Network UK is a company limited by guarantee and a¢cordingly does not have a share capital. Every member of the company undertkn to contribute such amount as may be required not exceeding £1 to the assets of t organisation ID the event of its being wound up wbile he or she is a member. or within one year after he or she ceases to be a member. 17
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) The following pages do not forni part of the ststutory accounts.
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Detsiled statement of fjnallcial activities For the period ended 31 March 2025 Year ended 31103124 Incomkng resources from generathig funds: Voluntary income Donations Grnnts receivable- Lloyds BaDk Fnd (Core costs) Grants receivable- JRcf (Core Sts) Grants receivable. National tA)ttery {Helplin¢) Grants receivable- Tudor Tru8t (Membership) Grants receivable- Charles Hayward (counSellg) Grants receivable. Esmee Fairbairn (Advocacy) Grants re¢eivable- Comic Relief (Helpline) Grants receivable- Awards for All ICouDselling) Grants receivable - Henry Smith (Case Work) Grants receivable- Citizens UK IFquaI Power) Grants receivable. Rosa (Capacity Building) Grants receAvable- SpM)rt Engl8nd(Walking Project) Grants receivable- Jolm Ellern]an (Core costs) Grants receivable- Aziz Fnd (Advocacy tntern) Grants receivable _ B Tham Council (C&8ework) Grants receivable- Clothworkers Foundation(Equip) Grdnts receivable- Coutts Foundation (Core Costs) Grants receivable - NHS BI1 Transplant (Project) Grants receivable- Dept. of Health (Research) Grants receivable - PeaTS Foundation (Core costs) Grants receivable- Schroder Ckwity (Helpline) Grants receivable- Warwick Uni (Marriage Projert) Grants receivable - Eleanor TnLSt* (Casework) Grants receivable- Islan)ic Relief (Case Work) 14,797 4,473 27,250 13,509 102,324 32.134 iO.(KKJ 52.350 15.0(Kl icrf).Ix)o 64.062 67.199 13.620 30.086 4,869 24.425 35.(XM) 16,242 4,925 9,8(K) 3.1 io.( 35.000 8,758 9.925 45,472 I4.0 18,653 9.455 5,195 2,4 403,409 414.948 Activitiesforgeneratingfvn Other activities for generating funds incoTne Sponsorship income 840 1.200 1.2tK) 840 Total Incomlng resources from generathig funds 404.609 415,788 Total Incoming resources 404.609 415,788 PJD(rg lQ
Muslim Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Detailed statement offinancial activities For the perfiod ended 31 March 2025 31m3r25 Resources expended Costs of runnlng charltable activltts: Grants Events & workshops Advertisinwmarketing Wage8 & salaTÈes Employer's NIC Pension costs Vi¢tim Support Rent & Services 31103124 410 3,106 236.079 8,818 3,872 5.722 19.039 167 2.226 23,322 8513 3,603 2.6(Ki 717 701 5.671 6,691 12J16 17.325 4,982 5.859 1,810 7,695 7.721 246.810 8.067 3.213 1.876 17.318 156 2.082 7.378 11,125 5,058 9.443 l.(K)8 389 10,135 6.752 17,074 14.410 6.695 9,346 2.125 10.574 PPSIResour¢e Production Staff Training AceountancylFinance Researth expense Subscriptions General Overheads L£gaVProfessional TeleplM)ne Websites & IT Counselling Servi Depreciation of ComputerlFFE Travelling and Accomodation Subsistence W8Jking Project 373.551 Total cost of running charltable acdvities 373.551
Musllm Women's Network UK (A company limited by guarantee) Detailed statement of fmancial activities For the period ended 31 March 2025 Year ended 31A)3125 Year ended 31103n4 chitable actlvities Activilies undertaken directly Net inCOmiDgl(outgokng) resources for the perlod 31.057 8.742 PA0• ?.1