Charity no. 1153897
Hope for Life Katanga Report and Unaudited Financial Statements
31 December 2023
Hope for Life Katanga
Reference and administrative details
For the year ended 31 December 2023
Charity number 1153897 Registered office 50 Westway Nailsea Bristol BS48 2NB Trustees The trustees who served during the year and up to the date of this report were as follows:
Mark Walters - Chair Megan Walters - Co-Founder Joshua Mutebe - Co-Founder Chris Boddy Laura Harris Laura Richards - Treasurer Uganda Director Francis Nkurunziza Co-Founders Joshua Mutebe Moses Ssempebwa Megan Walters Mark Walters Bankers Lloyds TSB Ariel House 2138 Coventry Road Birmingham B26 3JW Independent examiner Jonathan Evans c/o 4 High Street Chipping Sodbury BS37 6AH
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Hope for Life Katanga
Report of the trustees
For the year ended 31 December 2023
Reference and administrative information set out on page 1 forms part of this report. The financial statements comply with current statutory requirements, the Constitution and the Statement of Recommended Practice - Accounting and Reporting by Charities (effective from January 2019).
Structure, governance and management
Hope for Life Katanga is a UK registered charity, which has a constitution as its governing document. Trustees are appointed at general meetings by a majority vote of existing trustees. The trustees of the charity ensure that the work of Hope for Life Katanga is carrying out its stated aims and objectives, is compliant with charity and local law, and is financially sustainable. The board of trustees have three sub-groups to support these functions: Vision & Strategy, Audit & Risk, Events & Fundraising.
Hope for Life Katanga is a registered Community Based Organisation, with the Kampala City Council Authority, which sees the voices and participation of the community play an important role in the design and implementation of projects towards the charity’s aims and objectives. The charity’s operations are headed up by the charity’s Director, with direct support from the charity’s co-founders, who together form the Vision & Strategy sub-group.
Objectives
The objectives of Hope for Life Katanga are to enable families, in Uganda, to realise their potential towards living a self-sufficient life, free from living in conditions of poverty.
In 2023, we have worked towards these objectives by:
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a) educating children (5-15 years old), to increase their future potential of earning a sustainable income;
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b) equipping young adults and parents (15-25), through vocational education, training and support, to earn a self-sufficient income; and
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c) preventing ill-health impacting education, training and employment opportunities, through healthcare education, guidance and treatment.
Public benefit
The programmes we run allow us to provide routes out of poverty for some of the most vulnerable people in Katanga. As trustees of Hope for Life Katanga, we are satisfied that our programmes provide a sufficient level of benefit to ensure compliance with the guidance on public benefit issued by the Charity Commission.
Activities and achievements
Our progress towards these objectives is described below:
a) Educating children (5-15 years old), to increase their future potential of earning a sustainable income.
Primary and secondary schooling provide each child with a foundation they will carry into their future. Not only are students able to grow in knowledge in traditional subjects but schooling encourages each child to develop their confidence and competence in an array of practical, soft and social skills necessary for family life and in preparation for work after school.
During 2023, we facilitated a sponsorship programme for 53 children (35 in primary and 18 in secondary) in 25 different schools in Uganda.
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Hope for Life Katanga
Report of the trustees
For the year ended 31 December 2023
Completion of primary leavers examinations | Four students successfully completed their primary exams and will be starting secondary school from January 2024. Some of the students did not have birth certificates, which are essential for registering for exams. We helped to process birth certificates for each in the lead up to their exams.
Improved performance | We have seen significant improvement for most children since the pandemic. Through 1-2-1 follow-ups and counselling, we have helped the children (especially teenagers) improve their academic performance.
Improved self-awareness & confidence | We have more children entering puberty, which often leads to them becoming more reserved, lacking the ability to express themselves and interact socially. A lack of confidence also affects their academic performance. We have run multiple group and individual sessions to empower children to be aware of their growth changes and express themselves.
Resolved conflicts & restored relationships | As children transition to adolescents, we often see strained relationships between parents, children and teachers. There are a few examples where our team have helped to mediate conflicts.
Improved behaviour and character development | Some children have become more rebellious in school and in the wider community, joining up with others to cause disruption in the community. We have worked with a few children specifically, working alongside the Local Council in Katanga to see children overcome certain challenges in their lives. We end the year with all the children fully attending school and having healthy relationships with their families, community and school.
Uganda-wide family visits | Following the pandemic, many families moved to more rural villages across Uganda. Family visits are important to recognise the holistic needs and opportunities for each family. All the families are overjoyed when we are able to visit their villages; this encouragement directly impacts their work rate and performance.
b) Equipping young adults (15-25) and parents, through vocational education, training and support, towards earning a self-sufficient income.
Vocational training provides individuals with the practical skills needed to generate an increased income and support their wider family. This programme provides a next step for those who have progressed through our primary and secondary school, as well as providing opportunities for young mothers with little previous education, so that they can generate an income to support their own children’s education.
This year we have worked with 32 young women, providing opportunities in vocational training, while addressing the challenges these girls face so as to help them develop social skills, build confidence and improve employability.
12 young women completed our in-house training, preparing them to join formal vocational training. Students received counselling to rebuild confidence, classes to develop their soft and social skills, as well as literacy and numeracy. These sessions included the opportunity to build their spiritual lives. Hairdressing is taught alongside these sessions to provide the basics of the skill alongside classes on managing a business.
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Hope for Life Katanga
Report of the trustees
For the year ended 31 December 2023
20 women were sponsored into vocational training (courses include hairdressing, fashion & design, nursery teaching, nursing). 10 have completed their first year, while 10 have completed their second year and are ready to start earning an income for themselves and their family.
On graduating, 6 women have been granted a business start-up package (e.g. sewing machine, salon equipment) to help them become self-employed or expand existing enterprises.
2 young men continue to attend apprenticeships in mechanics with local garages and we continue supporting one young woman gaining a Bachelors degree in Secretarial Studies.
Over the year, we have walked alongside these young adults through different character struggles (e.g. anger management), poor time keeping, and teamwork skills, for example. We have witnessed great transformation in their lives once these struggles are addressed.
c) Preventing ill-health impacting education, training and employment opportunities, through healthcare education, guidance and treatment.
Good health is vital to keep children in education and parents in employment. We provide health education, guidance and provide health related funding opportunities for those we work with in Katanga.
Improved personal hygiene | We have equipped our children and guardians with knowledge and skills of maintaining their bodies and surroundings clean using available and affordable means. We have mainly provided education through termly meetings and home visitations. The teachers have noticed and commended the hygiene improvement throughout the year.
Provided medical assistance | We have assisted some parents and children that have become sick in the year to receive treatment, which they could not afford. We have provided funding for one parent to receive regular medication for a chronic condition. She has really improved with this medication but is unlikely to recover to full health.
Provided food | We have been able to support a few families and individuals with additional food packages during periods of sickness, to help in their recovery.
Conducted sexual & menstrual health training | Children entering puberty received these trainings, equipping them with knowledge and skills to practice healthy lifestyle choices and make informed decisions while growing up.
Distributed reusable sanitary towels | Disposable sanitary products are relatively expensive. Reusable towels were provided to girls and young women to improve comfort and hygiene in their menstrual cycle. Boys were also given underwear for comfort and hygiene.
We want to thank all the businesses, NGOs, Trusts, churches and individuals who have supported the work of Hope for Life Katanga through 2023.
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Hope for Life Katanga
Report of the trustees
For the year ended 31 December 2023
Financial review
Total income for the year was £51,243 (2022: £34,048). This represents a 50% increase, due largely to the fundraising event held in June 2023 and the increased support that we received following the event.
Total expenditure was £44,613 (2022: £52,577), a decrease from the prior year as we started the year with lower unrestricted funds than in 2022. Core spending remained similar, though we had to reduce staffing and school fees to a more sustainable level during 2023. We did however invest in training courses for our staff in line with our strategic plan.
Total funds held at 31 December 2023 are £23,407 (2022: £16,777), of which £6,302 (2022: £11,402) are held in restricted funds and £17,105 (2022: £5,375) in unrestricted funds.
Reserves policy
The trustees continue to review Hope for Life Katanga’s need for reserves in line with the guidance issued by the Charity Commission and have adopted a policy to set aside funds of approximately three months core running costs, which is estimated to be £3.8k.
The approval of a majority of trustees is required before the reserve fund can be used for any purpose and it may only be used in the case of an emergency, or to prevent an emergency occurring. An emergency can be considered as any event that would cause the staff or beneficiaries of Hope for Life Katanga to face life altering or life-threatening circumstances.
As at 31 December 2023 the balance of the reserve fund (including amounts held in other cash accounts) was £3.8k (2022: £3.8k).
Statement of responsibilities of the trustees
The trustees are responsible for preparing the trustees' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102: The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
The law applicable to charities in England and Wales requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year, which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charity and the incoming resources and application of resources, including the net income or expenditure, of the charity for the year. In preparing those financial statements the trustees are required to:
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select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
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observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP;
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▪ make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
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state whether applicable accounting standards and statements of recommended practice have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and
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prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charity will continue in operation.
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Hope for Life Katanga
Report of the trustees
For the year ended 31 December 2023
The trustees are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charity and which enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Charity (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 and the provisions of the constitution. The trustees are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the charity's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
Approved by the trustees on 7 October 2024 and signed on their behalf by
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Mark Walters - Chair
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Independent examiner's report
To the trustees of
Hope for Life Katanga
I report to the trustees on my examination of the accounts of Hope for Life Katanga (the Trust) for the year ended 31 December 2023, which are set out on pages 9 to 20.
Responsibilities and basis of report
As trustees of the charity you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Charities Act 2011 (‘the Act’).
I report in respect of my examination of the charity’s accounts carried out under section 145 of the 2011 Act and in carrying out my examination I have followed all the applicable Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the Act.
Independent examiner’s statement
I have completed my examination. I confirm that no material matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe that in any material respect:
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(1) accounting records were not kept in respect of the charity as required by section 130 of the Act; (2) the accounts do not accord with those records; or
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(3) the accounts do not comply with the applicable requirements concerning the form and content of accounts set out in the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 other than any requirement that the accounts give a ‘true and fair view' which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination.
I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.
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Date: 7 October 2024
Jonathan Evans c/o 4 High Street Chipping Sodbury BS37 6AH
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Hope for Life Katanga
Statement of financial activities
For the year ended 31 December 2023
| Restricted Note £ Income from: Donations and legacies 3 21,290 Other trading activities: Fundraising events - Investments - Total income 21,290 Expenditure on: Raising funds - Charitable activities 32,626 Total expenditure 4 32,626 Net income / (expenditure) (11,336) Transfers between funds 6,236 Net movement in funds 5 (5,100) Reconciliation of funds: Total funds brought forward 11,402 Total funds carried forward 6,302 |
Unrestricted £ 23,974 5,929 50 29,953 4,189 7,798 11,987 17,966 (6,236) 11,730 5,375 17,105 |
2023 Total £ 45,264 5,929 50 51,243 4,189 40,424 44,613 6,630 - 6,630 16,777 23,407 |
2022 Total £ 34,045 - 3 34,048 121 52,456 52,577 (18,529) - (18,529) 35,306 16,777 |
|---|---|---|---|
All of the above results are derived from continuing activities. There were no other recognised gains or losses other than those stated above. Movements in funds are disclosed in note 12 to the accounts.
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Hope for Life Katanga
Balance sheet
As at 31 December 2023
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2023 2022
Note £ £ £
Fixed assets
Tangible assets 8 100 100
Current assets
Debtors 9 567 2,377
Cash at bank and in hand 22,740 15,164
23,307 17,541
Liabilities
Creditors: amounts falling due within 1 year 10 - 864
Net current assets 23,307 16,677
Net assets 23,407 16,777
Funds 12
Restricted funds 6,302 11,402
Unrestricted funds
General funds 17,105 5,375
Total charity funds 23,407 16,777
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Approved by the trustees on 7 October 2024 and signed on their behalf by
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Mark Walters - Chair
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
1. Accounting policies
a) Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities in preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019) - (Charities SORP (FRS 102)), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102).
Hope for Life Katanga meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy note(s).
b) Going concern basis of accounting
The accounts have been prepared on the assumption that the charity is able to continue as a going concern. The trustees consider this to be appropriate having regard to the current level of unrestricted reserves and the ongoing support of regular donors.
c) Income
Income is recognised when the charity has entitlement to the funds, any performance conditions attached to the items of income have been met, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured reliably.
Income from the government and other grants, whether 'capital' grants or 'revenue' grants, is recognised when the charity has entitlement to the funds, any performance conditions attached to the grants have been met, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured reliably and is not deferred.
d) Donated services and facilities
Donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised as income when the charity has control over the item, any conditions associated with the donated item have been met, the receipt of economic benefit from the use by the charity of the item, is probable and the economic benefit can be measured reliably. In accordance with the Charities SORP (FRS 102), general volunteer time is not recognised.
On receipt, donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised on the basis of the value of the gift to the charity which is the amount the charity would have been willing to pay to obtain services or facilities of equivalent economic benefit on the open market; a corresponding amount is then recognised in expenditure in the period of receipt.
e) Interest receivable
Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the charity: this is normally upon notification of the interest received or receivable by the bank.
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
1. Accounting policies (continued)
f) Funds accounting
Unrestricted funds are available to spend on activities that further any of the purposes of the charity. Designated funds are unrestricted funds of the charity which the trustees have decided at their discretion to set aside to use for a specific purpose. Restricted funds are donations which the donor has specified are to be solely used for particular areas of the charity's work or for specific projects being undertaken by the charity.
g) Expenditure and irrecoverable VAT
Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to make a payment to a third party, it is probable that settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably.
Irrecoverable VAT is charged as a cost against the activity for which the expenditure was incurred.
h) Tangible fixed assets
Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write down the cost of each asset to its estimated residual value over its expected useful life. The depreciation rates in use are as follows:
Freehold land and buildings Held at residual value, not depreciated. Computer equipment 3 years Furniture 4 years
i) Debtors
Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount due after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any trade discounts due.
j) Cash at bank and in hand
Cash at bank and cash in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.
k) Creditors
Creditors and provisions are recognised where the charity has a present obligation resulting from a past event that will probably result in the transfer of funds to a third party and the amount due to settle the obligation can be measured or estimated reliably. Creditors and provisions are normally recognised at their settlement amount after allowing for any trade discounts due.
l) Financial instruments
The charity only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently recognised at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
1. Accounting policies (continued)
m) Accounting estimates and key judgements
In the application of the charity's accounting policies, the trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
There are no estimates or judgements that have a significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.
n) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. Balances denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing at the year end.
2. Prior period comparatives
| Income from: Donations Investments Total income Expenditure on: Raising funds Charitable activities Total expenditure Net income Transfers between funds Net movement in funds |
Restricted £ 20,552 - 20,552 - 39,612 39,612 (19,060) 9,437 (9,623) |
£ 13,493 3 13,496 121 12,844 12,965 531 (9,437) (8,906) Unrestricted |
2022 Total £ 34,045 3 34,048 121 52,456 52,577 (18,529) - (18,529) |
|---|---|---|---|
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
3. Income from donations and legacies
| Planned monthly giving One-off donations Grants from Trusts and Foundations Donations from churches Legacies Gift aid Total donations Prior period comparative Planned monthly giving One-off donations Grants from Trusts and Foundations Donations from churches Gift aid Total donations 4. Total expenditure Direct costs in Uganda: Salaries Staff training School fees Other education costs (food, resources and travel) College scholarship fees Medical equipment and supplies Community support Core running costs (fuel, utilities, internet, reg fees) Building maintenance International travel Other costs Support and fundraising costs in the UK: Fundraising and event costs Website and software Total expenditure |
Restricted £ 15,010 1,280 5,000 - - - 21,290 Restricted £ 14,965 587 5,000 - - 20,552 Raising funds £ - - - - - - - - - - - 4,189 - 4,189 |
£ 7,461 8,650 - 1,872 2,000 3,991 23,974 £ 5,875 1,990 - 1,235 4,393 13,493 Charitable activities £ 8,257 2,475 14,405 2,663 6,539 245 705 2,647 180 907 888 - 513 40,424 Unrestricted Unrestricted |
2023 Total £ 22,471 9,930 5,000 1,872 2,000 3,991 45,264 2022 Total £ 20,840 2,577 5,000 1,235 4,393 34,045 2023 Total £ 8,257 2,475 14,405 2,663 6,539 245 705 2,647 180 907 888 4,189 513 44,613 |
|---|---|---|---|
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
4. Total expenditure (continued) Prior period comparative
| Direct costs in Uganda: Salaries Staff training School fees Other education costs (food, resources and travel) College scholarship costs Medical equipment and supplies Community support Core running costs (fuel, utilities, internet, reg fees) Building maintenance Strategy workshop costs Other costs Support and fundraising costs in the UK: Fundraising costs Website and software Total expenditure |
Raising funds £ - - - - - - - - - - - 121 - 121 |
Charitable activities £ 11,401 50 15,393 2,808 13,036 1,712 681 2,670 1,278 2,081 887 - 459 52,456 |
2022 Total £ 11,401 50 15,393 2,808 13,036 1,712 681 2,670 1,278 2,081 887 121 459 52,577 |
|---|---|---|---|
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
5. Net movement in funds This is stated after charging:
| Depreciation Trustees' remuneration Trustees' reimbursed expenses |
2023 £ Nil Nil Nil |
2022 £ Nil Nil Nil |
|---|---|---|
6. Staff costs and numbers Staff costs were as follows:
| Salaries and wages | 2023 £ 8,257 |
2022 £ 11,401 |
|---|---|---|
No employee earned more than £60,000 during the year.
The key management personnel of the charity are deemed to be the trustees. No trustees received remuneration or reimbursed expenses.
| Average head count | 2023 No. 5.00 |
2022 No. 6.00 |
|---|---|---|
7. Taxation
The charity is exempt from corporation tax as all its income is charitable and is applied for charitable purposes.
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
8. Tangible fixed assets
| Cost At 1 January 2023 Additions in year At 31 December 2023 Depreciation At 1 January 2023 Charge for the year At 31 December 2023 Net book value At 31 December 2023 At 31 December 2022 9. Debtors Gift aid recoverable Prepayments 10. Creditors : amounts due within 1 year Other creditors |
Freehold land and buildings £ 3,022 - 3,022 2,922 - 2,922 100 100 |
Furniture and equipment £ 2,062 - 2,062 2,062 - 2,062 - - 2023 £ - 567 567 2023 £ - |
Total £ 5,084 - 5,084 4,984 - 4,984 100 100 2022 £ 1,513 864 2,377 2022 £ 864 |
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
11. Analysis of net assets between funds
| Tangible fixed assets Current assets Current liabilities Net assets at 31 December 2023 Prior period comparative Tangible fixed assets Current assets Current liabilities Net assets at 31 December 2022 |
£ - 6,302 - 6,302 £ - 11,402 - 11,402 Restricted funds Restricted funds |
£ 100 17,005 - 17,105 £ 100 6,139 (864) 5,375 Unrestricted funds Unrestricted funds |
Total funds £ 100 23,307 - 23,407 Total funds £ 100 17,541 (864) 16,777 |
|---|---|---|---|
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
12. Movements in funds
| Restricted funds Education: sponsor a child Education and training Health Total restricted funds General funds Total unrestricted funds Total funds Unrestricted funds |
At 1 January 2023 £ 11,402 - - 11,402 5,375 5,375 16,777 |
Income £ 10,280 10,950 60 21,290 29,953 29,953 51,243 |
£ (15,380) (14,450) (2,796) (32,626) (11,987) (11,987) (44,613) Expenditure |
£ - 3,500 2,736 6,236 (6,236) (6,236) - Transfers between funds |
£ 6,302 - - 6,302 17,105 17,105 23,407 At 31 December 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Purposes of restricted funds
Sponsor a child
This fund pays for school fees and related costs, e.g. uniforms, for children in formal schooling.
General education
This fund amalgamates the college scholarship and general education funds and covers vocational fees, exam entry fees, and other education costs such as learning materials, staff time, and travel and communication costs to visit beneficiaries on the programme.
Health
This fund provides community support and emergency health care.
Transfers between funds
The transfer from general funds in to healthcare and education and training are to top up the overspends on these funds.
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Hope for Life Katanga
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
12. Movements in funds (continued) Prior period comparative
| Restricted funds Education: sponsor a child Education: general Education: college scholarship Health Total restricted funds General funds Total unrestricted funds Total funds Unrestricted funds |
At 1 January 2022 £ 13,395 7,324 306 - 21,025 14,281 14,281 35,306 |
Income £ 14,285 3,880 1,590 797 20,552 13,496 13,496 34,048 |
£ (16,278) (3,904) (16,804) (2,626) (39,612) (12,965) (12,965) (52,577) Expenditure |
£ - (7,300) 14,908 1,829 9,437 (9,437) (9,437) - Transfers between funds |
£ 11,402 - - - 11,402 5,375 5,375 16,777 At 31 December 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13. Related party transactions
There were no related party transactions in the current or prior reporting period.
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