# (A Company Limited by Guarantee) **Company No. 7978723 Charity No. 1153878** ## **Report and financial statements For the year ended 30 April 2025** **JUSTICE BASE For the year ended 30 April 2025** |**Contents**|| |---|---| ||**Page**| |**Reference and administrative information**|**1**| |**Trustees’ annual report**|**2 - 4**| |**Independent examiner’s report**|**5**| |**Statement of financial activities**|**6**| |(incorporating an income and expenditure account)|| |**Balance sheet**|**7**| |**Statement of cash flows**|**8**| |**Notes to the financial statements**|**9-16**| **JUSTICE BASE (A Company Limited by Guarantee) Reference and administrative information** |**Trustees:**|Charles Bleehen| |---|---| ||Matthew Bugher| ||Laura Milne| |**Executive Director:**|Vivek Kumar| |**Programme Director:**|Martin Simonsen| |**Company number:**|7978723| |**Charity number:**|1153878| |**Registered office:**|75 Maygrove Road, London NW6 2EG| |**Auditors:**|Goldwins Limited| ||75 Maygrove Road| ||West Hampstead| ||London NW6 2EG| |**Bankers**|Natwest Bank| ||Clevedon Branch| ||PO Box 254| ||9 The Triangle| ||Clevedon| ||BS21 6NE| Page | 1 **JUSTICE BASE (A Company Limited by Guarantee) Trustees’ report for the year ended 30 April 2025** ## **Report of the trustees for the year ending 30 April 2025** The Trustees are pleased to present their annual directors’ report together with the consolidated financial statements of the charity for the year ending 30 April 2025 which are also prepared to meet the requirements for a directors’ report and accounts for Companies Act purposes. The financial statements comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Companies Act 2006, the Memorandum and Articles of Association, and Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019). ## **Our purposes and activities** The charity's objectives are to promote the sound development and administration of the law throughout the world and to promote human rights. In particular, the charity aims to promote the rule of law in transitional and post-conflict societies by building the capacity of local lawyers and supporting nationally-owned rule of law initiatives. Rule of law reform is a fundamental prerequisite of development and peace-building. It requires coordinated, multi-disciplinary, locally-led initiatives particular to the national context. Justice Base also aims to strengthen the capacity of lawyers to engage in - and guide - the national discussion on rule of law initiatives and lead legal and institutional reform efforts in emerging democracies. The range of means used by the charity to deliver its objectives include: - **Trainings and workshops:** by itself or in collaboration with others organising, facilitating or conducting trainings, workshops or other courses of education aimed at raising awareness of the rule of law in all its aspects and the protection of human rights. - **Forming partnerships:** by forming partnerships and otherwise supporting nationally-owned initiatives for promoting the rule of law. - **Developing resources:** by the development and preparation of manuals, guides and other resources to support the promotion of the rule of law and the protection of human rights. - **Conducting research:** by conducting research into the law and justice institutions, including assessment of the state of legal and justice institutions, and publishing the useful results of such research. - **Specialist legal advice and services:** by providing specialist legal advice and services including in the area of constitutional and legislative reform and the adoption and implementation of human rights legislation. - **Technical assistance** : by providing specialist advice and technical assistance for state and international institutions on rule of law and human rights issues. In shaping our objectives for the year and planning our activities, the trustees have considered the Charity Commission’s guidance on public benefit, including the guidance ‘public benefit: running a charity (PB2)’. ## **A summary of the main achievements** In the financial year to 30 April 2025, Justice Base continued our work on promoting the rule of law and human rights in Myanmar. During this period, we successfully delivered several projects in a number of different areas relating to the rule of law. Further details of our work can be obtained by emailing info@justicebase.org 2 **JUSTICE BASE (A Company Limited by Guarantee) Trustees’ report for the year ended 30 April 2025** ## **Financial review** During the financial year ending 30 April 2025, Justice Base had GBP 725,604 income and GBP 721,264 expenses, resulting in carried forward reserves of GBP 193,411. As of 30 April 2025, Justice Base had GBP 133,420 cash in hand. ## **Reserves policy** It is the policy of the charity that unrestricted funds that have not been designated for a specific use should be maintained at a level equivalent to three months’ expenditure or approximately £120,000. The Trustees consider that reserves at this level will ensure that, in the event of a significant drop in funding, they will be able to continue the charity’s current activities while consideration is given to ways in which additional funds may be raised. The free reserves at the end of the year were £193,411. Therefore, the reserves policy has been met. ## **Going concern** In assessing whether the charity is a going concern, the Trustees have considered all available information about the future, covering a period of at least twelve months from the date the report and accounts are approved by the trustees. This assessment has taken into account the following factors: - The charity's financial position, including its ability to generate sufficient income to meet its ongoing commitments and any expected future liabilities. - The charity's strategic direction and its ability to adapt to changing circumstances. - The charity's access to funding and its ability to manage its finances effectively. Based on this assessment, the trustees have concluded that there is no significant doubt that the charity will be able to continue in operation for the foreseeable future. ## **Reference and administrative details** Registered name: Justice Base Charity number: 1153878 Company number: 7978723 Registered Office: 75 Maygrove Road, London NW6 2EG ## Our advisers Auditors: Goldwins, 75 Maygrove Road, London NW6 2EG Bankers: Natwest Bank, 250 Bishopsgate, London, EC2M 4AA ## Directors and trustees The directors of the charitable company (the charity) are its trustees for the purpose of charity law. The trustees and officers serving during the year and since the year end were as follows: Trustees: Charles Bleehen Matthew Bugher Laura Milne Key management personnel Executive Director: Vivek Kumar Programme Director: Martin Simonsen 3 **JUSTICE BASE (A Company Limited by Guarantee) Trustees’ report for the year ended 30 April 2025** ## **Structure, governance and management** Justice Base is a company limited by guarantee governed by its Memorandum and Articles of Association and was incorporated on 6 March 2012. It is registered as a charity with the Charity Commission. As set out in the Articles of Association, any individual or organisation may become a member of the Company with the approval of the directors. There are currently three members. These members are also the directors of the Company (also known as the trustees). Any natural person over the age of 16 may be appointed by the Company as a director of the Company (and must also be a member of the Company). The board of directors/trustees administers the charity. The board normally meets quarterly. An Executive Director is appointed by the trustees to manage the day-to-day operations of the charity. To facilitate effective operations, the Executive Director has delegated authority, within the terms of delegation approved by the trustees, for operational matters including finance, employment and performance related activity. ## **Trustees’ responsibilities in relation to the financial statements** The charity trustees are responsible for preparing a trustees’ annual report and financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). Company law requires the charity trustees to prepare financial statements for each year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and the group and of the incoming resources and application of resources, including the income and expenditure, of the charitable group for that period. In preparing the financial statements, the trustees are required to: - select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; - observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP; - make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; - state whether applicable UK accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; - prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charity will continue in business. The trustees are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charity and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and the group and hence taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the charitable company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. The trustees’ annual report has been approved by the trustees on [date] and signed on their behalf: By order of the board of trustees _Charles Bleehen_ Chair 30/01/2026 4 **Independent examiner’s report to the trustees of Justice Base** I report to the charity trustees on my examination of the accounts of Justice Base, Charitable Company (‘the Company’) for the year ended 30 April 2025. ## **Responsibilities and basis of report** As the charity’s trustees of the Company (and also its directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 (‘the 2006 Act’). Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the Company are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of your charity’s accounts as carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 (‘the 2011 Act’). In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5) (b) of the 2011 Act. ## **Independent examiner’s statement** Since the Company’s gross income exceeded £250,000, I confirm that I am qualified to undertake the examination because I am a member of the ICAEW, which is one of the listed bodies. I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe: 1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the Company as required by section 386 of the 2006 Act; or 2. the accounts do not accord with those records; or 3. the accounts do not comply with the accounting requirements of section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a ‘true and fair view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination; or 4. the accounts have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102). I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached. A Wh ony Epton **Anthony Epton BA FCA CTA FCIE Goldwins Chartered accountants 75 Maygrove Road West Hampstead London NW6 2EG** ## 30/01/2026 5 JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) STATEMENT OF FIANANCIAL ACTIVITIES INCLUDING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 April 2025 2025 Total Unrestricted Restricted 2024 Total Unrestricted Restricted Note Income from: Donations and grants Investments 724.472 724.472 1,132 119,049 165 823,516 942,565 165 1.132 Total income 1.132 724.472 725,604 119,214 823,516 942,730 Expenditure on: Charitable activities 12.599 708.665 721,264 130,119 808,219 938,338 Total expenditure 12,599 708,665 721,264 130,119 808,219 938,338 Net income for the year (11.467) 15.807 4.340 (10,905) 15,297 4.392 Transfers be￿een funds 46.687 (46,687) 105,481 (105,481) Net movement in funds 35,220 (30,880) 4,340 94,576 (90,184) 4,392 Reconciliation of funds: Total funds brought forward 158.191 30.880 189.071 63,615 121,064 184,679 Total funds carried forward 193,411 193.411 158,191 30,880 189,071 The Statement of financial activities includes all gains an losses recognised in the year. All income and expenditure derive from continuing activities. JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) Balance sheet AS AT 30 April 2025 2025 2025 2024 Note Fixed assets: Tangible assets Current assets: Debtors Cash at bank and in hand 10 148,447 133,420 157,916 71,456 281,867 229,372 Liabilities: Creditors.. amounts falling due within one year 11 188,456) (40,3011 Net current assets l {liabilities) 193.411 189,071 Total net assets l (liabilities) 193.411 189,071 The funds of the charity: Restricted income funds Unrestricted income funds.. 12 30,880 158,191 193.411 Total charity funds 193,411 189,071 The Charity's financial statements have been prepared in accordan￿ with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime. The Trustees consider that the Charity is entitled to exemption from the requirement to have an audit under the provision of section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 ("the ACY,) and members have not required the Charity to obtain an audit for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of the act. The TrUSt￿S acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirement of the Companies Act 2006 with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial ststements. Approved by the trustees on .3.0..Jan.uary. 2.02.6......... and signed on their behalf by.. Mr Charles Simon Bleehen Trustee Company Registration No. 07978723 JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEEI STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 April 2025 Note 2025 2024 Cash flows from operating activities: Cash absorbed by operations 15 60.832 {127,353) Cash flows from investing activities: Investment income received 1,132 165 Net cash provided by l {used in) investing activities 1.132 165 Change in cash and cash equivalents in the year 61,964 (127,188) Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 71,456 198,644 Cash and cash equivalents atthe end of the year 133,420 71,456 JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 A ri12025 Accounting policies Charity infonnation Justi￿ Base is a private company limited by guarantee incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is 75 Maygrove Road, London, NW6 2EG, United Kingdom. 1.1 Accounting convention The accounts have been prepared in accordance wth the charity's memorandum and articles, the Companies Act 2006 and 'Accounling and Reporting by Charilies= Statemenl of Recommended Praclice applicable to charities preparing Iheir accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)" (effective from 1 January 2019>. The charity is a Public Benefit Entity as defined by FRS 102. The financial statements are prepared in sterling. which is the fijnctional currency of the charity- Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £ The accounts have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are sel out below. 1.2 Going concern At the time of approving the financial Statements. the Trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the Trustees continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the finan￿al ststements. 1.3 Charitable funds Unrestricted funds are available for use at the discretion of the Trustees in fvrtherance of their charitable objectives. Restricted funds are subject to specific conditions by donors as to how they may be used. The purposes and uses of the restricted funds are set out in the notes to the accounts 1.4 Incoming resoU￿e$ Income is recognised when Ihe charity is legally entilled to it after any performance conditions have been met, the amounls can be measured reliably. and it is probable that income wll be received. Cash donations are recognised on receipt. Other donations are recognised On￿ the charity has been notified of the donation. unless performance conditions require deferral of the amount. Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid or deeds of covenant is recognised at the time of the donation. Grants are recognised in full in the Statement of Financial Activities in the year in which they are receivable or any requirement imposed on the grant is fulfilled. Investment income is recognised on a re￿1vable basis. 1.5 Resources expended Liabilities are recognised as expenditure once there is a legal or constructive obligation committing the charity to that expenditure, it is probable that settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. All expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis. All expenses. induding support costs and governance costs, are allocated to the charitsble activity in the statement of financial activities. Expenditure relating to the charity are those elements of expenditure diredly incurred in performing these activities. Expenditure Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to make a payment to a third paty, it is probable that settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. Expenditure is classified under the following activity headings.. Cosls of raising funds relate to the costs incurred by Ihe charity in inducing third parties to make voluntary contributions to it. as well as the cost of any activities with a fundraising purpose and their associated support costs. Expenditure on charitable activities includes the costs of charitable activities that are undertaken to further the purposes of the charity and their associated support costs. Support costs comprise of costs for the running of the charity itself as an organisation and compliance with ststutory requiremenls. Governance costs include those costs incurred in the g0Veman￿ of the charity's assels and are primarily associated th constitutional and statutory requirements. Irrecoverable VAT is charged against the expenditure heading for which it was incurred. JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 A ri12025 Accounting policies (Continued) 1.6 Tangible fixed assets Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses. Tangible fixed assets are staled al cost less depreciation. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost less estimated residual value of each asset over its expected useful life. as follows.. Fixtures, fitlings & equipment Computers 2 years straight line 2 years straight line The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is detemiined as the difference bel￿en the sale prO￿ed$ and the carrying value of Ihe asset, and is recognised in nel incomel(expend1tu￿) for the year. Debtors Debtors are recognised at the settlement amount due after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any trade discounts due. 1.7 Financial instruments The charity has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 'Basic Financial Instruments. and Section 12 '0ther Financial Inslruments Issues. of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments. Financial instruments are recognised in the charitls balan￿ sheet when the charity becomes paty to the contractual provisions of the instrument's due. Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements. when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultsneously. Basic/finan¢ial assets Basic financial assets. which include debtors and cash and bank balan￿s. are initially measured at transaction pri￿ including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a markel rate of inleresl. Financial assels classified as receivable within one year are not amortised. Basic financial liabilities Basic financial liabilities, including creditors are initially recognised at transaction pri￿ unless the arrangement constilutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities dassified as payable within one year are not amortised. Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effedive interest rate method. Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or ServI￿S that have been acquired in the ordinary course of operations from suppliers. Amounts payable are dassified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-currenl liabililies. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured al amortised cost using the effective interest melhod. 1.8 Foreign exchange Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of Ihe transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation are included in nel incomel{expenditure) for the period. 10 JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 A ri12025 Critical accounting estimates and judgements In the application of the charity's accounling policies, the Trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about Ihe carrying amount of assets and liabililies Ihat a￿ nol readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affecls bolh current and futu￿ periods. The Trustees do not consider there to be any critical accounting estimates or judgements applied in the preparation of the finanaal statements. Donations and legacies 2025 Total Unrestricted 2024 Total Unrestricted Restricted Restricted Core grants 724,472 724.472 119,049 823,516 942,565 724,472 724,472 119,049 823,516 942,565 Investments Unrestricted Unrestricted funds funds 2025 2024 Interest receivable 1.132 165 1.132 165 JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 A ril 2025 5 Charitable activities Rule of Law Reform 2025 Rule of Law Reform 2024 Legal & Professional Operations Travel 415,016 222,485 45,419 489,641 298,220 13,977 682,920 801,838 Share of support costs (see note 6) Share of governance costs (see note 6) 33,344 5,000 130,500 6,000 721.264 938,338 Analysis by fund Unrestricted funds Restricted funds 12,599 708,665 130,119 808,219 721,264 938,338 12 JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 A ril 2025 6 Analysis of expenditure - Current Year Governance Costs Support Costs 2025 Total 2024 Totsl Facilities & Equipment Project Indirect Costs Bank Charges Legal and professional 12,376 18.104 697 2,167 12,376 18,104 697 7.167 4,478 119,048 793 12,181 5,000 33,344 5,000 38,344 136,500 Analysed between Charity activities 33,344 5,000 38,344 136,500 Governance costs includes payments to the independent auditor of £3,800 (2024= £3,600) for audit fees ani £1,200 (2024: £1,200) for accountsncy seNI￿s. Analysis of expenditure - Prior Year Support Costs Governance Costs 2024 Totsl Facilities & Equipment Project Indirect Costs Bank Charges Legal and professional 4,478 119,048 793 6.181 4,478 119,048 793 12,181 6,000 Support costs 130,500 6,000 136,500 Total expenditure 2024 130.500 6,000 136,500 13 JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 A ri12025 Trustees None of the Trustees (or any persons connected with them) received any remuneration or benefits from the charity during the year. Employees There were no employees during the current or prior year. Tangible fixed assets Fixtures, fittings & equipment Computers Total Cost At the start of the year Additions in year 745 769 1,514 At 30 April 2025 745 769 1.514 Depreciation and impairment At the start of the year At 1 May 2024 745 769 1.514 At 30 April 2025 Carrying amount At 30 April 2025 745 769 1,514 At 30 April 2024 10 Debtors 2025 2024 Other debtors Prepayments and accrued income 4,162 144,285 14,193 143,723 148,447 157,916 11 Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 2025 2024 Other creditors Accruals & deferred Income 76,732 11,724 24,535 15,766 88,456 40,301 14 JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 A ril 2025 12 Movement in funds The income funds of the charity include restricted funds comprising the following unexpended balances of donations and grants held on trust for spe¢ifi¢ purpose.. Restricted funds Balance at 1 May 2024 Incoming resources Resources expended Balance at Transfers 30 April 2025 Rule of law reform 30,880 724,472 {708,665) (46,687) Total Restricted 30.880 724.472 1708.665) (46,687) Unrestricted funds Balan￿ at 1 May 2024 Incoming resources Resources expended Balance at Transfers 30 April 2025 General funds 158,191 158,191 1,132 1,132 (12,599) 112,599) 46,687 46,687 193.411 193,411 Total Unrestricted Total funds 189,071 725,604 1721,264) 193,411 12a Movements in funds - prior year Movement in funds Balance at 1 May 2023 Incoming resources Resources expended Balance at Transfers 30 April 2024 Restricted funds Rule of law reform 121.064 823.516 {808,219) (105,481) 30,880 Total Restricted funds 121,064 823,516 (808,219) (105,481) 30,880 Unrestricted funds Balance at 1 May 2023 Incoming resources Resources expended Balance at Transfers 30 April 2024 General funds 63.615 63,615 119.214 119,214 (130.119) (130,119) 105.481 105,481 158,191 158,191 Total Unrestrided Total funds 184,679 942.730 (938,338) 189,071 12b Purpose of Restricted funds Access to Justice: the project began in July 2024 and ended in February 2025. Criminal Justice: the project began in June 2024 and ended in October 2024. Constitutional Federalism: the project began in June 2024 and ended in February 2025 Myanmar Project: the project began April 2020 and was renewed with the current project running from June 2025 to March 2026. 15 JUSTICE BASE (A COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 A ril 2025 13 Analysis of net assets between funds Unrestric ted 2025 Restricted funds 2025 Total Unrestricted funds 2024 Restricted funds 2024 Total 2025 2024 Net current assets 193.411 193.411 158.191 30,880 189,071 193,411 193,411 158,191 30.880 189,071 14 Related party transactions There were no related party transactions during the year (2024- none) 15 Cash generated from operations 2025 2024 Deficit for the year Adjustments for.. Investment 4,340 4,392 (1,132) (1651 Movements in (Increase) in Increase in 9,469 48,155 (90,1581 (41,4221 Cash absorbed by 60,832 (127,3531 16 Analysis of cash and cash equivalents At1May 2024 other charges At 30 April 2025 Cash flows Cash in hand 71,456 61.964 133,420 Total cash and cash equivalents 71,456 61,964 133,420 16