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2024-06-30-accounts

Ending avoidable childbirth injuries SSes. —” and changing lives in Ethiopia

Charity Registration Number: 1153053 Company Registration Number: 08457433 (England and Wales)

HAMLIN FISTULA UK (a company limited by guarantee) REPORT AND UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

HAMLIN FISTULA UK

CONTENTS PAGE
Legal and administrative information 3
Trustees’ Report 4 - 15
Independent examiners report 16 - 17
Statement of financial activities 18
Balance sheet 19 - 20
Cash flow statement 21
Notes to the financial statements 22 - 34

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

LEGAL AND ADMINSTRATIVE INFORMATION

Directors and Trustees

Greg Morris - Chair Libby Grundy MBE Hewete Haileselassie Sarah Hewitt-Clarkson Alison Murray Emnet Tadesse Yadeta

Life President

Malcolm Hewitt OBE

Chief Executive Officer

Helen Marriott

Company Secretary

Helen Marriott

Registered Office

6 West Furlong, Padbury, Buckingham, England, MK18 2BP

Physical office and correspondence address

Hamlin Fistula UK, TouchBase Pears, 750 Bristol Road, Birmingham, West Midlands, B29 6NA

Charity number: 1153053

Company number: 08457433 (registered in England and Wales)

Independent Examiner

Godfrey Wilson Limited, 5th Floor, Mariner House, 62 Prince Street, Bristol, BS1 4QD

Bankers

TSB Bank plc., 23 Hagley Street, Halesowen, B63 3AY

Charities Aid Finance Bank, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, M19 4TA

Legal Advisors

Anthony Collins Solicitors LLP, 134 Edmund Street, Birmingham, B3 2ES

Investment managers

EFG Harris Allday, 5th Floor, 103 Colmore Row, Birmingham, B3 3AG

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

The trustees, who are also directors of the charity for the purposes of the Companies Act 2006, present their report and unaudited financial statements of the charity for the year ending 30 June 2024.

Trustees

The trustees, who are also the directors for the purposes of company law, and who served during the year and up to the date of signature of the unaudited financial statements were: Greg Morris - Chair, Libby Grundy MBE, Hewete Haileselassie, Sarah Hewitt-Clarkson, Alison Murray, Emnet Tadesse Yadeta.

None of the directors has any beneficial interest in the company. All of the trustees are members of the company and guarantee to contribute £1 in the event of winding up.

Structure, governance and management

The trustees are the directors of the charitable company which is governed by the Articles of Association as amended by a Special Resolution dated 5 July 2013. The company is a company limited by guarantee and therefore does not have a share capital. The liabilities of the members, who are also the directors and trustees, together with details of their guarantees, are shown in the notes to the accounts. The company was registered with the Charity Commission for England & Wales on 24 July 2013.

The charity has a formal introduction process for new trustees. Regular financial reviews and reports are prepared for the trustees by the charity's administrative staff and presented at trustees’ meetings.

Details of the directors who served during the year are shown in the Legal and Administrative details on page 3.

The pay and remuneration package for key management personnel is decided by the Pay Review Committee made up of three trustees. They review the package on an annual basis taking into account sector bench marking and the consumer prices index.

The Board of Trustees meets bi-monthly and is responsible for the strategic direction and policy of the charity. A staffing structure with clear line management is in place and the responsibility for the day-to-day running of the charity rests with the CEO, along with the Head of Philanthropy and Partnerships.

Objects

The objects of the charity, as set out in the amended Articles are:

  1. To relieve the needs and advance the health of patients who have suffered from childbirth

injuries in Ethiopia;

  1. Such other charitable purposes in Ethiopia as the Board shall from time to time decide; and

  2. If the continuance of such charitable work in Ethiopia becomes in the opinion of the Board impracticable, such general charitable purposes in any part of the world as the Board shall from time to time decide.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Activities

Hamlin Fistula UK is a charity registered in England and Wales dedicated to treating and preventing childbirth injuries in Ethiopia. It was founded in 1968 to support the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital in Ethiopia as part of Hamlin’s global family of charities. Today, the Ethiopian organisation Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia has expanded to include six regional hospitals across Ethiopia, the Hamlin College of Midwives, and Desta Mender, a rehabilitation centre for patients.

This charity supports Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia with cash, medical consumables or other requirements funded by means of donations made in tax-efficient ways by donors and income from investments held for the longer term.

Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia operates six fistula hospitals across Ethiopia - a headquarters hospital in Addis Ababa and five regional fistula hospitals in Yirgalem, Bahir Dar, Harar, Metu and Mekele. The organisation founded and operates the Hamlin College of Midwifery, located in Addis Ababa, to train and deploy midwives to rural health centres across Ethiopia in liaison with the Ethiopian Ministry of Health. Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia also operates a residential rehabilitation and training centre - Desta Mender (meaning “Joy Village”) – for patients with longer term recovery trajectories.

As well as providing unrestricted and restricted funds used across all Hamlin hospitals and centres, this charity has undertaken to cover the operating costs of Yirgalem Regional Fistula Hospital. A combination of restricted and unrestricted funds is used to meet our commitment to fully fund Yirgalem Regional Fistula Hospital. Hamlin Fistula UK additionally coordinates the production of colourful knitted blankets by volunteers, which are sent to Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia to be given to each patient on their arrival at a Hamlin hospital.

Principal sources of funds

Our income is derived in the main from individual donors, trusts and foundations and legacies. In addition, we received approximately £56,000 (2023: £101,000) from investment income.

We would like to thank all our donors over the past year, who have included, among others: The Band Aid Charitable Trust, Bryan Guinness Charitable Trust, Coles-Medlock Foundation, Eleanor Rathbone Charitable Trust, Ericson Trust, Evan Cornish Foundation, Guernsey Overseas Aid & Development Commission, Hodge Foundation, Peter Stebbings Memorial Charity, Roughley Charitable Trust, The Big Give, Stanley Grundy Foundation, and the Sulney Fields Charitable Trust.

We would also like to thank all our generous individual donors, including Helene and Martin Hayman, Susan Roberts, Manuela Stanga, as well as all friends, volunteers and donors who wish to remain anonymous. We would like to extend particular thanks to our Patron Baroness Tessa Blackstone.

Background

Founded in 1968, we are part of the Hamlin family of international charities, which was established by pioneering Australian surgeons Drs Catherine and Reg Hamlin. Catherine and Reg were in Ethiopia to train midwives when they first discovered the overwhelming numbers of women suffering the plight of obstetric fistula and realised that little was being done to help them. They established the Addis Ababa Hamlin Fistula hospital, to provide the country’s first fistula treatment services. To date, Hamlin has treated over 70,000 women.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Every Woman Matters

Strategic report

When you live a three-hour walk away from the nearest town, in a village with no electricity, accessing health services is tough. Yet this is the reality pregnant women face in rural Ethiopia. Whilst progress has been made in recent years, 70 per cent of women in Ethiopia still give birth without a doctor or nurse present.

This can result in devastating childbirth injuries including obstetric fistula, an internal injury caused by a prolonged, unrelieved obstructed labour. Obstetric fistula leaves women incontinent, humiliated and cut off from their communities. Tragically, 93% of women with a fistula have also lost their babies.

Our exclusive partner Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia is working to tackle this. Hamlin is a national healthcare network and registered Ethiopian nonprofit organisation powered by over 550 Ethiopian professionals. Together, they are dedicated to transforming women’s lives.

The team operates six specialised fistula hospitals, a rehabilitation and training centre, the Hamlin College of Midwives, and supports more than 80 rural midwifery clinics.

Our vision is for every Ethiopian woman to be free of devastating preventable childbirth injuries and have access to quality maternal healthcare throughout her pregnancy. Our mission is to support the treatment and prevention of childbirth injuries in Ethiopia.

Where we work

Hamlin's Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital headquarters is a 120-bed facility that includes an operating theatre, physiotherapy department, urodynamic and stoma clinics, and comprehensive pharmacy and pathology services.

Five regional fistula hospitals extend Hamlin’s reach. These are located in Mekele and Bahir Dar in the north, Yirgalem in the south, Harar in the east, and Metu in the southwest.

The Hamlin College of Midwives in Addis Ababa trains and places newly qualified midwives in rural health centres across the country. For patients with longer term recovery trajectories, Desta Mender is our rehabilitation and training centre, where patients gain skills and independence as they prepare to return home.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Our supporters' impact in 2023 - 24

The statement of financial activities shows that we contributed £622,651 to Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia during the period.

This supported medical expenses at Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital, and five regional hospitals including the full operating costs of Yirgalem Regional Fistula Hospital. Funds also contributed to overall programme and operating costs across all Hamlin centres and initiatives.

4,272 life changing surgeries for women

123 students studying Fistula surgery is described at the Hamlin College as a cost-effective of Midwifery intervention by The Life You Can Save

Kelemi’s rainbow baby

We met Kelemi*, 30, during a happy time in her life. She had returned to Yirgalem Fistula Hospital to have a caesarean section for the safe delivery of her second child, thanks to UK supporters.

During her first pregnancy, Kelemi had limited access to health care. When she went into labour in her remote village, she endured three days of obstructed labour without support from a midwife. Eventually, her family carried her to the nearest hospital, but sadly it was too late. Her baby was stillborn, and Kelemi was left incontinent from a severe obstetric fistula.

For years, she lived with this devastating condition until she heard about treatment available at Yirgalem.

“Before I came here, I was sleeping in a bed with no blankets and no linen because of the incontinence,” she told us.

After her successful surgery, Kelemi returned to her family to move on with her life. The Hamlin team counselled her if she ever became pregnant again, that she should return for a safe caesarean section delivery. We were overjoyed to receive a photo of Kelemi with her newborn a few days after our visit. Wrapped in a colourful blanket knitted by a Hamlin supporter, her smile said it all.

You might have heard the term ‘rainbow baby’ to refer to a baby born after a miscarriage or stillbirth. For Kelemi, with her baby wrapped in a beautiful coloured blanket knitted by a UK supporter, she is truly a rainbow of hope after despair.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Treatment: life changing surgeries

Obstetric fistula and advanced pelvic organ prolapse, two devastating childbirth injuries, can both mostly be repaired with a single life-changing surgery. For some, these can take no more than two and a half hours.

Over the past year, our specialist surgical teams at our six hospitals have delivered 4,272 restorative operations for women. This included surgery for obstetric fistula (972), advanced pelvic organ prolapse (2,838), other gynaecological conditions (400) and caesarean sections for past fistula patients having new babies (62), like Kelemi.

These figures meet our overall target for the period. The number of advanced pelvic organ prolapse surgeries delivered represents strong growth in the number of women reached on the previous year.

Post-conflict recovery and hope in Tigray

Following the signing of the peace agreement in the northern region of Tigray in November 2022, Hamlin’s Mekele Fistula Hospital reopened its doors. As a result of the past conflict, there is a significant backlog of women urgently needing surgery. Supported by surgeons from other Hamlin hospitals, the team performed over 800 surgeries during the year. They also received new equipment, including a new operating table, to further support their life-changing work thanks to generous donors including the Band Aid Charitable Trust.

Video – Genet’s story

With the war raging around her, when she went into labour, Genet had no option but to try and deliver her baby at home in Tigray without a midwife. Her nearest government maternal health centre was closed because of the danger.

Click here to watch Genet tell her story in this short 2 minute video

Community outreach

Our Patient Identification Officers based at each of our hospitals coordinated community outreach efforts throughout the year to ensure women in need of treatment were identified and received referrals. They worked closely with local health officials to hold regular market-day events to raise awareness of avoidable childbirth injuries through live and recorded messages. They maintained phone contact with trained Health Extension Workers and volunteers and enabled women who were recovered fistula survivors to act as safe motherhood ambassadors. Thanks to these combined efforts, a significant proportion of the surgeries performed over the year were due to community outreach referrals.

Holistic support

Patients also received additional services including physiotherapy, stoma care, urodynamics and psychiatric counselling. The purchase of new equipment has also made a difference to Hamlin’s services including new operating tables and autoclave machines for operating theatres, radiant warmers for midwifery centres and much more.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Rehabilitation: empowering women post-treatment

The impact of childbirth injuries can be devastating and our help doesn’t stop at surgery. Our rehabilitation and empowerment programme enables hundreds of fistula survivors each year to gain independence, learn new skills and develop income generating activities for their return home.

At each of the six Hamlin hospitals, we offer literacy and numeracy classes and at our residential rehabilitation centre, Desta Mender, we offer two-month training in livelihoods and business skills.

Over the past year, 2,237 women completed literacy and numeracy training and 265 women completed residential training and were provided with seed funding to return home and start a business.

At each hospital, Hamlin provided physiotherapy to patients experiencing foot drop and pelvic floor weakness as a result of their childbirth injuries. Our psychologists offered pre- and post-operative counselling as well as group counselling sessions. Our adult education teachers provided women with regular health education, literacy and numeracy classes, as well as handicraft training. Participants were taught to identify letters and numbers so they can read and write their name, count numbers and carry out simple additions and subtractions.

At Desta Mender, women with longer term recoveries completed residential training in a range of livelihoods skills from farming and pottery, to beekeeping, catering and business skills. They were then re-integrated to their communities with seed funding to start their own businesses.

Research and training

Hamlin surgeons are continually refining the techniques they use to treat more complex fistulas and academic research projects are an important contribution towards achieving this. In 2023-24, Hamlin's medical specialists from across the organisation participated in the development of 37 research protocols. The first Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia research conference took place, aiding researchers in advancing their efforts and expanding the body of knowledge, ultimately helping professionals improve the quality of health services.

The Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital remains a world recognised training facility for fistula surgeons. Hospital teams regularly train visiting doctors and nurses and empower surgeons with advanced skills as part of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Fistula Training Initiative.

This year training for international health professionals reached four surgeons from Somalia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Bangladesh. A FIGO-Hamlin expert surgical workshop also took place with 16 global experts and other experienced practitioners to demonstrate new innovative surgical techniques.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Preventing childbirth injuries: Hamlin midwives

Hamlin College of Midwives

Hamlin is growing the number of highly skilled midwives in Ethiopia through training students in BSc and MSc degrees in Midwifery at The Hamlin College of Midwives. The college is known for its high quality training making it a centre of excellence for Ethiopia. Over the past year, 123 students were enrolled at the Hamlin College of Midwives, including 52 MSc and 71 BSc students.

We were delighted to be able to congratulate the Hamlin College of Midwives 2023 graduating BSc class. Twenty three fourth year students worked hard to complete their final modules and graduate, with a 100% pass rate.

Graduates were deployed into rural government health centres across the country, close to their home villages, and will provide thousands of rural women with family planning services and skilled healthcare during pregnancy and labour.

Practising Hamlin midwives

Our skilled Hamlin midwives bring essential antenatal, delivery and postnatal care services to rural areas, helping to end preventable childbirth injuries. We deploy newly qualified Hamlin midwives to rural government health centres across Ethiopia. In partnership with the Ministry of Health, we’re making an impact on improving maternal health services nationwide.

Hamlin midwives at 74 rural health centres supported 34,679 women to have a safe delivery, including Siya, pictured below, who was overjoyed with the arrival of her twins. They provided quality family planning services and skilled healthcare during pregnancy and labour.

Siya’s precious delivery of twins at Jarso maternal health centre

Siya*, a 30-year-old mother arrived at Jarso health centre late one night in labour, determined to avoid the heartbreak of losing another child after her first baby was born prematurely at home.

Under the care of Sister Dingete, a Hamlin midwife, Siya’s twin pregnancy had been identified early, and Siya was educated about the risks of postpartum haemorrhage to ensure a safe delivery.

At 1am, Siya delivered a healthy 2.5 kg baby boy, followed 40 minutes later by his 2.3 kg twin sister. Sister Dingete provided immediate care, including “Kangaroo Mother Care” for the smaller twin and lifesaving interventions to prevent postpartum complications.

After 24 hours of monitoring, Siya and her healthy babies were discharged, with Siya overwhelmed by relief and joy, crediting skilled midwifery and essential medical support for her safe delivery.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Q&A with Bella, a Senior Hamlin Midwife Mentor in Tigray

Bella Tutakay is a Senior Hamlin Midwife Mentor based at Mekele Fistula Hospital in Ethiopia’s northern Tigray region. She is an experienced midwife and has worked with Hamlin for seven years.

Why is your work important?

My work is mentoring Hamlin midwives and ultrasound scanning pregnant mothers at Hamlin midwifery centres in Tigray region.

I join the midwives during community mobilisation, educating women to attend midwifery services, or to deliver at midwifery centres. This is necessary to prevent obstetric fistula and to prevent maternal death. It is very fundamental work in maternal and child health services.

How did the conflict in Tigray affect you?

The conflict was difficult. Many Hamlin midwifery centres were disturbed and disrupted. We lost many essential drugs and medications, as well as midwives.

Many mothers experienced obstetric fistulas because midwifery centres

were not actively providing maternal healthcare. There was no birthing service, no health service. Almost all services were disrupted at that time.

The midwife mentorship programme was stopped because of the conflict. There were no medical supplies and no health providers at the health centres. Most centres closed their activities. It was difficult for me. I couldn’t travel to the midwifery centres to mentor the midwives because of the conflict.

What did it mean for women in your area when there were no health clinics open?

When the midwifery centres were closed, there were no skilled birth attendants to support pregnant mothers.

So more women were affected by obstetric fistula and other maternal complications – and death. Obstetric fistula was increasing at the time because of the closed clinics. So, it was difficult.

How do you mentor with all these challenges?

I mentor with a friendly approach to transfer my skill and knowledge. I support Hamlin midwives and we go together to mobilise communities. Along with the health extension workers, we discuss and arrange programmes and we travel to villages.

There we give health education about the maternal health service and about obstetric fistula, about pelvic organ prolapse, and other preventable disease. We work together with the midwives, the health centre staff, and other partners like tribal leaders and churches to improve maternal health and child health and to prevent obstetric fistula.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Amleset Muchie appointed as a Goodwill Ambassador

Famous Ethiopian actor, film director and writer Amleset Muchie was appointed as a Goodwill Ambassador for Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia. Her appointment was announced at the 100th birthday celebrations for Dr Catherine Hamlin in Addis Ababa. Amleset describes herself as a humanitarian and ecoactivist and wrote and produced the documentary Green Ethiopia.

She told us: “I am happy to be chosen as a servant of Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia charity organisation. We will work together to save our sisters and mothers who suffer from fistula.”

Project Zero pilot completes initial phase

| The pilot of Project Zero – Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia’s impactful new programme to accelerate the end of obstetric fistula in Ethiopia – completed its initial phase of work with great | success and new learning generated.

Using learnings from the initial pilot and with significant support from local and regional health bureaux, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the next phase of Project Zero activity began in Didessa Woreda, with rollouts planned for further woredas.

Exciting expansion of the College of Midwives

The Hamlin College of Midwives is undergoing a major expansion to include a new lecture hall, laboratory, classrooms, library, cafe and dormitory.

Phase 1 of the expansion began, focused on new teaching facilities for 250 students, accommodation for 172 residential students and the new library and cafe. This is being generously funded by Hamlin Fistula Australia.

Future plans

The charitable company will continue to support Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia and carry on the legacy of Dr Catherine Hamlin. The level of support will depend upon the organisation’s requirements which are set out in their annual budget and strategic plan and presented to partners at a face to face meeting annually in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

In the coming year we plan to expand our fundraising activity through investing in fundraising and marketing in order to raise our profile and reach more supporters in order to raise additional funds for Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia. Alongside this, trustees have agreed to realise some of the investment portfolio over the next three years in line with the reserves policy.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Reserves policy

Unrestricted funds

It is the policy of the trustees to hold significant funds in the form of listed investments and bank deposits held by the Investment Managers. At 30 June 2024, the charity held investments with a market value of £1,331,568 (2023: £1,384,299) and bank deposits held by the Investment Managers for re-investment purposes of £40,844 (2023: £120,720). This level of investment fund is considered necessary in order to generate investment income to contribute to the ongoing operations of the charity. In the past 12 months Trustees made the decision to realise some of the investment funds in order to further support the work of Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia.

Within these funds, operating costs equivalent to approximately twelve months expenditure of both HFUK and Yirgalem Hospital Regional Fistula Hospital are held. This is in line with the Reserves Policy of the trustees, to enable the charity to operate in the event of a decrease in incoming resources whilst consideration is given to replacing income or changing activities.

At 30 June 2024, general undesignated unrestricted funds were £1,393,240 (2023: £1,852,490). Excluding those held in listed investments, this amounted to £61,672 (2023: £468,191).

Investment policies and objectives

The overall objectives are to create sufficient income and capital growth to enable the charity to carry out its purposes consistently year by year with due and proper consideration for future needs and the maintenance of, and if possible, enhancement of the value of the invested funds while they are retained.

The charity has an ethical investment policy that sets out the Environmental, Social and Governance considerations which trustees have instructed our investment management company to follow. The charity's investment powers are prescribed by The Trustee Act 2000. The trustees confirm that the investments, the majority of which are held in the UK, are held in accordance with their powers.

Public benefit

Under the Charities Act 2011, charities must demonstrate that their purposes are for the public benefit. The trustees confirm that they have taken regard of the Charity Commission's guidance on public benefit. Key features of public benefit included an identifiable benefit, to the public or a section of the public and people on low incomes must be able to benefit.

The charity supports the work of Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia which provides free treatment to women suffering from childbirth injuries, irrespective of race, background or religion. The trustees have therefore concluded that Hamlin Fistula UK meets the key principles as described above.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Risk management

The trustees use a Risk Register to regularly review and manage risks to which the charity may be exposed. Throughout the year the world has seen the ongoing impact of high inflation and economic instability. This has led to fluctuations in the value of our investment portfolio. Trustees and staff closely monitor the portfolio, receiving monthly reports from our investment management company with whom the charity works closely to manage risk.

To maintain and continue to grow our funding of Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia in the future, we have taken a range of measures including continuing to seek grants from charitable trusts and foundations and institutions, carrying out regular appeals to existing donors and takings steps to recruit additional regular donors. As planned, we recruited two new members of staff to support fundraising and operations and support future growth.

Donated services

In addition to financial donations, we receive contributions from supporters in the form of knitted blankets and baby clothes which are sent to Ethiopia for distribution to patients across Hamlin hospitals. These gifts are donated freely. We have not put a financial value to these gifts in these financial accounts.

Results

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice "Accounting and Reporting by Charities" which was published in 2019 ("SORP 2019") and Financial Reporting Standard FRS 102.

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HAMLIN FISTULA UK

TRUSTEES’ REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS’ REPORT) YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2024

Statement of Trustees responsibilities

Approval

The trustees (who are also directors of the charity for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the trustees' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102: The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

Company law requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year, which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and of the income and expenditure of the charitable company for that period. In preparing those financial statements the trustees are required to:

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

The trustees are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charity and which enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. The trustees are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the charitable company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Members of the charity guarantee to contribute an amount not exceeding £1 to the assets of the charity in the event of winding up. The trustees are members of the charity but this entitles them only to voting rights. The Trustees have no beneficial interest in the charity.

Independent examiners

Godfrey Wilson Limited were re-appointed as independent examiners to the charitable company during the year and have expressed their willingness to continue in that capacity.

Approved by the trustees on 20 January 2025 and signed on their behalf by

Greg Morris

Greg Morris - Chair

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Independent examiner's report

To the trustees of

Hamlin Fistula UK

I report to the trustees on my examination of the accounts of Hamlin Fistula UK (the charitable company) for the period ended 30 June 2024, which are set out on pages 18 to 34.

Responsibilities and basis of report

As the trustees of the charitable company (and also its directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 (‘the 2006 Act’).

Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the charitable company are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of the charitable company's accounts as carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 (‘the 2011 Act’). In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5) (b) of the 2011 Act.

Independent examiner’s statement

Since the charitable company’s gross income exceeded £250,000 your examiner must be a member of a body listed in section 145 of the 2011 Act. I confirm that I am qualified to undertake the examination because I am a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW), which is one of the listed bodies.

Godfrey Wilson Limited also provides bookkeeping and payroll services to the charitable company. I confirm that as a member of the ICAEW I am subject to the FRC’s Revised Ethical Standard 2016, which I have applied with respect to this engagement.

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no material matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe that in any material respect:

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Independent examiner's report

To the trustees of

Hamlin Fistula UK

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

Dougal Howard

Date: 20 January 2025 Dougal Howard ACA Member of the ICAEW For and on behalf of: Godfrey Wilson Limited Chartered accountants and statutory auditors 5th Floor Mariner House 62 Prince Street Bristol BS1 4QD

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Hamlin Fistula UK

Statement of financial activities (incorporating an income and expenditure account)

For the year ended 30 June 2024

Restricted
Note
£
Income from:
Donations and legacies
3
28,807
Charitable activities
4
177,118
Investments
5
-
Total income
205,925
Expenditure on:
Raising funds
-
Charitable activities
200,925
Total expenditure
7
200,925
Net gains / (losses) on investments
12
-
5,000
Reconciliation of funds:
Total funds brought forward
-
Total funds carried forward
5,000
Net income / (expenditure) and net
movement in funds
Unrestricted
£
296,539
-
56,308
352,847
202,195
684,177
886,372
74,275
(459,250)
1,852,490
1,393,240
12 months
2024
Total
£
325,346
177,118
56,308
558,772
202,195
885,102
1,087,297
74,275
(454,250)
1,852,490
1,398,240
15 months
2023
Total
£
575,186
106,414
100,831
782,431
171,190
1,014,236
1,185,426
(587,016)
(990,011)
2,842,501
1,852,490

All of the above results are derived from continuing activities. There were no other recognised gains or losses other than those stated above. Movements in funds are disclosed in note 16 to the accounts.

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Hamlin Fistula UK

Balance sheet

As at 30 June 2024

==> picture [451 x 349] intentionally omitted <==

----- Start of picture text -----
Restated
2024 2023
Note £ £ £
Fixed assets
Investments 12 1,331,568 1,384,299
Current assets
Debtors 13 3,388 8,054
Cash at bank and in hand 75,018 466,167
78,406 474,221
Liabilities
Creditors: amounts falling due within 1 year 14 (11,734) (6,030)
Net current assets 66,672 468,191
Net assets 15 1,398,240 1,852,490
Funds 16
Restricted funds 5,000 -
Unrestricted funds
General funds 1,393,240 1,852,490
Total charity funds 1,398,240 1,852,490
----- End of picture text -----

Cash held by investment managers in the prior period has been reclassified as cash at bank and in hand to provide a more accurate reflection of the use of assets by the charity and to be comparable with the current year. The restatements are purely reclassifications and do not affect the net assets of the charity.

The directors are satisfied that the company is entitled to exemption from the provisions of the Companies Act 2006 (the Act) relating to the audit of the financial statements for the year by virtue of section 477(2), and that no member or members have requested an audit pursuant to section 476 of the Act.

The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for:

19

Hamlin Fistula UK

Balance sheet

As at 30 June 2024

These accounts have been prepared in accordance with the special provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies' regime.

Approved by the trustees on 20 January 2025 and signed on their behalf by

Greg Morris

Greg Morris - Chair

20

Hamlin Fistula UK

Statement of cash flows

For the year ended 30 June 2024

Cash used in operating activities:
Net movement in funds
Adjustments for:
(Gains) / losses on investments
Dividends, interest and rents from investments
Decrease / (increase) in debtors
Increase in creditors
Net cash used in operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Dividends, interest and rents from investments
Proceeds from the sale of investments
Purchase of investments
Net cash provided by investing activities
(Decrease) / increase in cash and cash equivalents in the year
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
2024
£
(454,250)
(74,275)
(56,308)
4,666
5,704
(574,463)
56,308
576,450
(449,444)
183,314
(391,149)
466,167
75,018
Restated
2023
£
(990,011)
587,016
(100,831)
(2,320)
63
(506,083)
100,831
2,204,812
(1,516,751)
788,892
282,809
183,358
466,167

The charity has not provided an analysis of changes in net debt as it does not have any long term financing arrangements.

Cash held by investment managers in the prior period has been reclassified as cash at bank and in hand to provide a more accurate reflection of the use of assets by the charity and to be comparable with the current year. The restatements are purely reclassifications and do not affect the net assets of the charity.

21

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

1. Accounting policies

a) Basis of preparation

Hamlin Fistula UK is a charitable company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales. The registered office address is 6 West Furlong, Padbury, Buckingham, England, MK18 2BP.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities in preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019) - (Charities SORP (FRS 102)), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006.

Hamlin Fistula UK meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy note.

b) Going concern basis of accounting

The accounts have been prepared on the assumption that the charity is able to continue as a going concern, which the trustees consider appropriate having regard to the current level of unrestricted reserves. There are no material uncertainties about the charity's ability to continue as a going concern.

c) Income

Income is recognised when the charity has entitlement to the funds, any performance conditions attached to the item of income have been met, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured reliably.

Income from the government and other grants, whether 'capital' grants or 'revenue' grants, is recognised when the charity has entitlement to the funds, any performance conditions attached to the grants have been met, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured reliably and is not deferred.

For legacies, entitlement is taken as the earlier of the date on which either: the charity is aware that probate has been granted, the estate has been finalised and notification has been made by the executor(s) to the Trust that a distribution will be made, or when a distribution is received from the estate. Receipt of a legacy, in whole or in part, is only considered probable when the amount can be measured reliably and the charity has been notified of the executor's intention to make a distribution. Where legacies have been notified to the charity, or the charity is aware of the granting of probate, and the criteria for income recognition have not been met, then the legacy is treated as a contingent asset and disclosed if material.

22

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

1. Accounting policies (continued)

d) Donated services and facilities

Donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised as income when the charity has control over the item, any conditions associated with the donated item have been met, the receipt of economic benefit from the use by the charity of the item, is probable and the economic benefit can be measured reliably. In accordance with the Charities SORP (FRS 102), general volunteer time is not recognised.

On receipt, donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised on the basis of the value of the gift to the charity which is the amount the charity would have been willing to pay to obtain services or facilities of equivalent economic benefit on the open market; a corresponding amount is then recognised in expenditure in the period of receipt.

e) Interest receivable

f) Funds accounting

Unrestricted funds are available to spend on activities that further any of the purposes of the charity. Restricted funds are donations which the donor has specified are to be solely used for particular areas of the charity's work or for specific projects being undertaken by the charity.

g) Expenditure and irrecoverable VAT

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to make a payment to a third party, it is probable that settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably.

Irrecoverable VAT is charged as a cost against the activity for which the expenditure was incurred.

h) Grants payable

Grants which have been authorised and paid are included as expenditure in the Statement of Financial Activities. Grants which have been authorised but not yet paid are accrued in the balance sheet and are included within creditors falling due within one year or after one year (as appropriate).

i) Allocation of support and governance costs

Support costs are those functions that assist the work of the charity but do not directly undertake charitable activities. Governance costs are the costs associated with the governance arrangements of the charity, including the costs of complying with constitutional and statutory requirements and any costs associated with the strategic management of the charity’s activities. These costs have been allocated between cost of raising funds and expenditure on charitable activities based on the proportion of staff time occupied by each activity as follows:

2024 2023
Raising funds 81.7% 83.5%
Charitable activities 18.3% 16.5%

23

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

1. Accounting policies (continued)

j) Debtors

Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount due after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any trade discounts due.

k) Cash at bank and in hand

Cash at bank and cash in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.

l) Creditors

Creditors and provisions are recognised where the charity has a present obligation resulting from a past event that will probably result in the transfer of funds to a third party and the amount due to settle the obligation can be measured or estimated reliably. Creditors and provisions are normally recognised at their settlement amount after allowing for any trade discounts due.

m) Listed investments

Listed investments traded on a recognised stock exchange are stated at fair value at the reporting date, which is deemed to be their market value. Any gain or loss, whether realised or unrealised, is taken to the Statement of Financial Activities.

n) Financial instruments

The charitable company only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently recognised at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

o) Pension costs

The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme for its employees. There are no further liabilities other than that already recognised in the SOFA.

p) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. Balances denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing at the year end.

q) Operating leases

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to the statement of financial activities as they fall due.

24

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

1. Accounting policies (continued)

r) Accounting estimates and key judgements

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

There are no key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements.

2. Prior period comparatives: statement of financial activities

Income from:
Donations and legacies
Charitable activities
Investments
Total income
Expenditure on:
Raising funds
Charitable activities
Total expenditure
Net losses on investments
Net expenditure and net movement in funds
Restricted
£
£
26,504
548,682
106,382
32
-
100,831
132,886
649,545
-
171,190
172,847
841,389
172,847
1,012,579
-
(587,016)
(39,961)
(950,050)
Unrestricted
Total
£
575,186
106,414
100,831
782,431
171,190
1,014,236
1,185,426
(587,016)
(990,011)
15 months
2023

25

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

3. Income from donations and legacies

Donations
Gifts in kind
Legacies
The Tory Family Foundation
Grants < £20k
Total income from donations and legacies*
Restricted
£
£
28,807
170,608
-
10,000
-
41,431
-
50,000
-
24,500
28,807
296,539
Unrestricted
Total
£
199,415
10,000
41,431
50,000
24,500
325,346
12 months
2024

*Gifts in kind relate to donated project services received in the year.

Prior period comparative:

Donations
Legacies
Grants < £20k
Total income from donations and legacies
Income from charitable activities
Band Aid Charitable Trust
Guernsey Overseas Aid Commission
Grants < £20k
Restricted
£
£
26,504
240,577
-
286,105
-
22,000
26,504
548,682
Restricted
£
£
96,359
21,759
59,000
-
177,118
-
Unrestricted
Unrestricted
Total
£
267,081
286,105
22,000
575,186
Total
£
96,359
21,759
59,000
177,118
15 months
2023
12 months
2024

4. Income from charitable activities

26

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

4. Income from charitable activities (continued) Prior period comparative

Band Aid Charitable Trust
The Kirby Laing Foundation
Grants < £20k
Book sales
Total income from charitable activities
Income from investments
Income from listed investments
Bank and other interest
Total income from investments
Restricted
£
£
50,000
-
20,000
-
36,382
-
-
32
106,382
32
£
48,624
7,684
56,308
12 months
2024
Unrestricted
Total
£
50,000
20,000
36,382
32
106,414
£
95,924
4,907
100,831
15 months
2023
15 months
2023

5. Income from investments

All income from investments was unrestricted in the current period and prior period.

6. Government grants

The charitable company receives government grants, defined as funding from Guernsey Overseas Aid Commission to fund charitable activities. The total value of such grants in the period ending 30 June 2024 was £21,759 (2023: £Nil). There are no unfulfilled conditions or contingencies attaching to these grants in 2023/24.

27

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

7. Total expenditure

Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia grants payable (note 8)
Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia equipment, supplies & services
Staff costs (note 10)
Fundraising and marketing costs
Travel expenses
General office
Legal and professional fees
Accountancy
Occupation costs
Other staff costs
Insurance
Sub-total
Allocation of support and governance costs
Total expenditure
Raising funds
£
-
-
64,971
63,991
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
128,962
73,233
202,195
Charitable
activities
£
622,651
231,507
14,547
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
868,705
16,397
885,102
Support and
governance
costs
£
-
-
13,970
-
24,601
15,667
12,045
12,019
6,088
4,042
1,198
89,630
(89,630)
-
12 months
2024 Total
£
622,651
231,507
93,488
63,991
24,601
15,667
12,045
12,019
6,088
4,042
1,198
1,087,297
-
1,087,297

Total governance costs were £4,313 (2023: £4,289).

28

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

7.
Total expenditure (continued)
Prior period comparative
Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia grants payable (note 8)
Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia equipment, supplies & services
Staff costs (note 10)
Fundraising and marketing costs
General office
Legal and professional fees
Travel expenses
Accountancy
Occupation costs
Other staff costs
Insurance
Sub-total
Allocation of support and governance costs
Total expenditure
Raising funds
£
-
-
64,867
48,054
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
112,921
58,269
171,190
Charitable
activities
£
693,594
296,356
12,794
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,002,744
11,492
1,014,236
Support and
governance
costs
£
-
-
10,821
-
17,865
14,502
8,539
6,782
6,599
3,326
1,327
69,761
(69,761)
-
15 months
2023 Total
£
693,594
296,356
88,482
48,054
17,865
14,502
8,539
6,782
6,599
3,326
1,327
1,185,426
-
1,185,426

29

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

8. Grants payable

During the year, 27 (2023: 17) new grants were awarded to 1 institution (2023: 1) for hospital and clinic support.

Total grants committed to during the year were as follows:

Total grants payable to institutions
Hospital and clinic support grants
Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia
Total grants payable to institutions
£
622,651
622,651
12 months
2024
£
693,594
693,594
15 months
2023

For the current and prior period, all grants committed were paid within the period.

Allocation of support costs to grant making activities is given in note 7.

9. Net movement in funds

This is stated after charging:

Operating lease payments
Trustees' remuneration
Trustees' reimbursed expenses
Trustees' indemnity insurance
Independent examiner's remuneration (excluding VAT):
Independent examination
Other services
£
6,727
Nil
272
893
2,850
7,166
12 months
2024
£
8,369
Nil
1,372
989
2,750
2,089
15 months
2023

Trustee's reimbursed expenses relate to travel costs and medical supplies for 2 trustees (2023: 2).

In common with other charities of our size and nature we use our Independent Examiners to assist with the preparation of the financial statements. Our Independent Examiners have also provided bookkeeping and payroll services to the charity during the year.

30

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

10. Staff costs and numbers

Staff costs were as follows:

Salaries and wages
Social security costs
Pension costs
£
84,626
1,907
6,955
93,488
12 months
2024
£
80,754
1,423
6,305
88,482
15 months
2023

No employee earned more than £60,000 during the current or prior period.

The key management personnel of the charitable company comprise the trustees and Chief Executive Officer. The total employee benefits of the key management personnel were £37,235 for the 12 month period (2023: £48,240 for the 15 month period).

Average head count No.
2.4
12 months
2024
No.
2.0
15 months
2023

11. Taxation

The charity is exempt from corporation tax as all its income is charitable and is applied for charitable purposes.

12. Investments

Market value at 1 July
Additions
Disposals proceeds
Gains / (losses)
Market value at 30 June
£
1,384,299
449,444
(576,450)
74,275
1,331,568
2024
Restated
2023
£
2,659,376
1,516,751
(2,204,812)
(587,016)
1,384,299

The prior period restatement of investments reflects the reclassification of cash held within investments as cash at the bank and in hand. The reclassification has occurred to more fairly reflect the liquidity and operational use of the cash funds.

31

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

13. Debtors

Prepayments and accrued income
Other debtors
Creditors : amounts due within 1 year
Trade creditors
Accruals
Other taxation and social security
Analysis of net assets between funds
Investments
Current assets
Current liabilities
Net assets at 30 June 2024
Prior period comparative
Investments
Current assets
Current liabilities
Net assets at 30 June 2023
£
-
5,000
-
5,000
£
-
-
-
-
Restricted
funds
Restricted
funds
2024
£
1,479
1,909
3,388
2024
£
6,085
3,920
1729
11,734
£
1,331,568
73,406
(11,734)
1,393,240
£
1,384,299
474,221
(6,030)
1,852,490
General
funds
General
funds
2023
£
5,218
2,836
8,054
2023
£
1,419
3,800
811
6,030
Total funds
£
1,331,568
78,406
(11,734)
1,398,240
Restated
Total
funds
£
1,384,299
474,221
(6,030)
1,852,490

14. Creditors : amounts due within 1 year

15. Analysis of net assets between funds

32

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

16. Movements in funds

Restricted funds
Health Centre Support
Project Zero
Rehabilitation project
Tigray
Yirgalem Hospital
Total restricted funds
General funds
Total unrestricted funds
Total funds
Unrestricted funds
At 1 July
2023
£
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,852,490
1,852,490
1,852,490
Income
£
37,759
44,525
5,000
50,641
68,000
205,925
352,847
352,847
558,772
£
(37,759)
(44,525)
-
(50,641)
(68,000)
(200,925)
(886,372)
(886,372)
(1,087,297)
Expenditure
£
-
-
-
-
-
-
74,275
74,275
74,275
Gains /
(losses)
£
-
-
5,000
-
-
5,000
1,393,240
1,393,240
1,398,240
At 30 June
2024

Purposes of restricted funds

Health Centre Support

Funding for midwives and medical supplies at rural health centres across Ethiopia.

Project Zero

Funding for a project to identify fistula cases in Ethiopian districts by going door-to-door.

Rehabilitation project

Funding for Hamlin patient rehabilitation services at Hamlin hospitals and Desta Mender Rehabilitation Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Tigray

Emergency funding for Mekele regional fistula hospital and midwifery services across the Tigray region where civil war has recently taken place.

Yirgalem Hospital

Funding for Hamlin regional fistula hospital in southern Ethiopia.

33

Hamlin Fistula UK

Notes to the financial statements

For the year ended 30 June 2024

16. Movements in funds (continued)

Prior period comparative

At 1 April
2022
£
Restricted funds
Rehabilitation project
-
Prevention project
39,961
Yirgalem Hospital
-
Total restricted funds
39,961
General funds
2,802,540
Total unrestricted funds
2,802,540
Total funds
2,842,501
Financial instruments at fair value
Financial assets measured at fair value
Unrestricted funds
Income
£
10,000
-
122,886
132,886
649,545
649,545
782,431
£
(10,000)
(39,961)
(122,886)
(172,847)
(1,012,579)
(1,012,579)
(1,185,426)
Expenditure
£
-
-
-
-
(587,016)
(587,016)
(587,016)
2024
£
1,331,568
Gains /
(losses)
£
-
-
-
-
1,852,490
1,852,490
1,852,490
Restated
2023
£
1,384,299
At 30 June
2023

17. Financial instruments at fair value

Financial assets measured at fair value comprise listed investments.

18. Operating lease commitments

The charity had operating leases at the year end with total future minimum lease payments as follows:

Amount falling due:
Within 1 year
Within 1 - 5 years
2024
£
1,125
-
1,125
2023
£
6,552
1,125
7,677

19. Related party transactions

During the period 4 trustees donated £765 (2023: 3 trustees, £595). There were no restrictions on these donations.

20. Contingent asset

There are 2 legacies notified to the charity whereby probate has been granted by 30 June 2024 for which the amount receivable cannot be reliably measured. An estimation of the total value of these legacies is thought to be between £250,000 and £300,000 (2023: £nil).

34