Registered number.. 08183601 Charity number: 1149178 THE BRITISH ENDODONTIC SOCIETY (A company limited by guarantee UNAUDITED TRUSTEES, REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) CONTENTS Page R8fèrnnc8 and administrative d•tails of the Company. its Trustsas and advisars Trustees. report Tru$tso$' ro$pon$lbllltlos ststsm•nt Indepondent gxaminer's report Statsm•nt of flnanclal a¢tlvttl•8 Balance sh88t 10 Notes to the financlal statements THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS OF THE COMPANY. ITS TRUSTEES AND ADVISERS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 Tw$tg9$ Dr Dipti Mehts Dr Daniel Vaz De Souza Dr Philip Tomson Professor William McLean Mr Alyn Morgan Mr Giuseppe Di Filippo Dr Petros Mylonas (resigned 8 March 20251 Dr Mana Le55ani Iresigned 16 March 20241 Dr Simon Stone Iresigned 16 March 20241 Dr Satnam Singh Virdee Mrs Risha Patel Dr Sadia Amb￿en Niazi {appoinled 8 March 20251 Ms Maria De Los Angeles Valina Omaque lappoinled 8 March 20251 Dr Shalini Kanagasingam Mr Rahul Patel Mr Sanjay Maqanlal Ardeshna Dr Philip John Charles Mrtchell lappoinled 16 March 20241 Mr Samuel Mark McAlistair lappoinled 16 March 20241 Company r¢gl$ter•d number 08183801 Charlty r8glst8r•d numbor 1149178 Rogl8tsred office James Walson House Monl9omery Way Carfi$le Cumbria England CA12UU Accountants Amistrong Walson LLP Chartered AC￿￿ntsnts 51 Rae Street Dumfries Dumfries and Galloway DG1 1JD Bankgr¥ CAF Bank Limited 25 Kings Hill Avenue Kings Hill West Malling Kent ME19 4TA Page 1 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) TRUSTEES. REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 The Trustees present their annual ￿port together Imth the finanryal stslements of the Company for the year 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024. The Annual report serves the purposes of both a Trustees, report and a directors, report under company law. The Trustees confirm that the Annual report and financial statements of the charitable company cornply with the current statutory requirements, the requirements of the charitable company's goveming document and the provisions of the Slalement of Recommended Practice ISORPI applicable lo charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland IFRS1021 (effective 1 January 2019). Since the Company qualrfies as small under Section 382 of the C¢Jmpanies Act 2006, the Strategic report required of medium and large Companies under the Companies Act 2006 Islralegic Report and Directors, Report) Regulab'ons 2013 has been omitted. Objec￿Ve8 and actlvbtbes a. Policias and objectives In setting obje¢tives and planning for activrties. the TN$tee$ have given due consideration to general guidance published by the Charity Commission relating to public benefil. induding the guidance 'Public benefit.. running a charity IP821'. b. Actlvltlos und•rtak•n to a¢hl•vo obJa¢tlv•s The activities of the British Endodontsc Society IBESI aim to promote and advance endodontology and to ensure that the dental and general heatth of the nation 1$ both maintained and improved, And thit lon9 life education is fostered or fa¢ililaled. Achlovoments and p•rformanc• . MaSn achlevoments ofthe Company The charity continues lo be in good healtl). The accounts, including investments, showed a brought forward balance Irtsm 2023 of £689,589. The resutt for the year lo 31st December 2024 was a defieil of1£108,9941 12023 surplus of £56,775). b. Rovlew of activltlos The ¢og$ in the BES machinery have been tuming rapidly in the past 12 months and will continue lo do $0. accelerating in the lead up to the IFEA Worfd Endodontic Conference in Glasgow in September 2024. The BES Council Is grateful for the 5UPPOrt of Ils members, which helps to drive us to do more for you. On behalf of the membership and Council we would like lo thank the followng people To our Chief Operations Officer, Annabel Thomas and her Assistant Suzanne McLean, thank you for the incredible amount of work that you both PLrt in vknich allows the Society to grow year on year. Finally, a big thank you lo our outgoing President DT Atyn Morgan for delivering a memorable 60th Anniversary year for the Society. The benefit of his weaAh of experience has been weflecled in the projects he has been involved with dunng his tenure on Council. Like a true Yorkshireman. he has dealt wlh the ebbs and flows of Society matters over the years with an air of matter of f3ct-nes$ and grit that we could all leam from. Page 2 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) TRUSTEES. REPORT ICONTINUEDI FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 A¢hlovom•nts and perf¢mian¢o lcontlnuedl M8•tings The 60th Anniversary celebrations started wth a truty special Past Presidents dinner honouring the pivotal role they have played in the development of the BES. The Spring Scientific meets.ng arranged by the incoming President Dr Alyn Morgan was Ihemeil "Endodontic research." Past perspecb.ves and future directions.. Fantsslic lectures were delivered by Professor Hal Duncan, Dr Nikrta Ruparel. Dr Chri$lo$ Boulsioki$ and Dr Frank C Setzer. The Autumn Regional Meebng was ents.ued 'Pu5hing Boundarie5'. New approaches lo solve old problems and saw the BES head lo Belfast for the fir51 time. Table clinics were held by Dr Asmaa Al-Taie. Dr Nimil Patel. Dr Salnam Singh Virdee and Dr Risha Patel. The main programme was delivered wlh inspirational presentslions from Dr Paula Villa, Dr Daniel Cerny. Dr Byron Tsivos and Dr Ernest Lucas Taule, wth the conference dinner being held at the Spectacular Titanic Museum. Both meetings were extremety successful and enjoyed by all who attended. Engagement The 8ES conts'nue lo represent the membership. expressing their views when addres$ing issues facing endodonlics and dentistry in general. Council members sit as 8ES representatives on the SAC, R￿uK, ESE. The Senate of Dental Specialties, Specialist Advisory 8oard RCSEdin, Clinical Standards Committee FDS RCSEng. Endodontics has been promoted lo the wder profession via lectures delivered at the Denlislry Show. Birmingham and London by Dr Atyn Morgan. Dr Daniel Vaz De Souza, Dr Risha Patel and Dr Salnam Singh Virdee. We have also continued the Endodontics 101 Editorials wth the latest on EndodontiCthPeriodontal lesions by Or Dipli Mehta and Or Rupal Patel. These ¢ollaboratson$ wll wntsnue. Communlcat5onJ and Mark•tlng The Society is now engaged EK Communications who are providing a cwrdinaled approach lo an overall marketing strategy. Under the direction of our dedicated Honorary Communications Officer, Dr Risha Patel the social media strategy has been fruitful wth a continued rise in engagement across all platfomis. There has been 57°/0 increase in Instagram followers120591 and 17% growth in profile ViSTts and a 10% increase in Facebook followers173001 and a 66'k growth In page visits. Our Linkedln page Is developing momentum wlh 8 growth In monthly impressions. Website traffic has seen steadily increasing wlh 2.725 visitors in February 2024, ￿rith the most popular pages being the job vacancies. meeting pages and the BES case assessment tool. Monthly newsletters updating the membership on BES activities conlinue lo be well received and the member benefit of Latest News. has been added as an opt-in for members to receive weekly updates on dental mallers. The regular edrtOri81s in the dental press are keeping the BES on the radar of the wder dental communty. Memb•rshlp The membership currendy stands at 825 members. We would like to encourage our members to sel up direct debits lo enable them to receive membership benefits all year rourHI. IFEA Wodd Endodontic Confe￿nce Glasgow 2024 Professor William McLean has been immersed in the planning of the conference along wth the organisats'on committee. The programrne has around 80 speakers that are a mixture of Invrted speaker5 and Country Representatives. Dr Maria Le55ani has been selected as OUT counlrls speaker for her recent work on the survival of root canal Irealmenls in the NHS in England and Wales. This will be the first IFEA VVEC wlh dedicated Endodonli¢ Teachers and Eady Career Group sessions. The call for papers has closed ￿centlY wlh over 250 submissions. We hope that our members will support the BES to fly the IFEA banner high and make the Conferen￿ a magnificent successl Page 3 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) TRUSTEES. REPORT ICONTINUEDI FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 A¢hlovom•nts and perf¢mian¢o lcontlnuedl Education The activities of the BES Teachers Group headed by Professor Alison Quattrough have continued since their last meeting in February 2023. A position statement 5UPPOrting the use of magnification for undergraduate studen15 is in line lo be published soon. The BES has been involve(1 in a collaborative working group wlh HEE lo support the settin9 01 Standards for Foundation Dentists set up by Past-President Dr Maria Lessani. Following a letter to the Chair of the Dental Schools Council BES representats'ves have been invtted to meet wrth the Dental Schools Council Educats'on Committee for further discussion to highlight the need to improve the standards in undergraduate endodonlics. With the aim being to bridge the gap bets4￿n undergraduate leaching and practice expectation5 al FD level. HEE remain keen lo collaborate with endodonlic teachers and the BES. "A Guide to Good End¢xlontsc Practice. has been well f￿1Ved by Ihe profession. Since its launch in September 2022 it continues to attract regular visits to the website vthere it continues to remain available. Hard copies are available lo new members on request and can be purchased from the BES by non-members. Further hard copie5 have been di51nbuled lo the Undergraduate dental schools. The impact of the GEP has been fell on the Conlinenl and we are working with the French Souety to translate it. A trauma infomiation leaflet and patsent infomiation leaflets are in their development stages. wth working groups preparing both in parallel. Early Career Group IECGI The BES ECG is now in ils third year. Ctrled by Dr Maria Lessani, Dr Daniel Vaz De Souza. Dr Dipli Mehta and Dr Salnam Singh Virdee. the second dedi¢aled stu¢Jy day was run wlh the theme 'ls endodonlic treatment always the answer?.. The sessions were split into 3 tracks representing the various stages of an early career dentist namely, NevAy Qualified Dentists interested in Endodontics, NevAy Qualified Dentist5 Wlth a Masters in Endodontics and a dedicated MEndo preparation track for postgraduates. The event was well attended wth a vibrant mix of Individuals interested in endodontics and plenty of netvlorking opportunity. We had g speakers running the lecture programme as well as representslives from both Royal Colleges. Mock viva examinations were run by Dr Maria Lessani and Dr Philip Mitchell. Thank you lo all for making rt a successful day. The Terms of Reference for the ECG have been agreed by the BES Council and there will be a call for interest lo be a part of the organisin9 committee in due course. Led by Dr Salnam Singh Virdee. the ECG Endodonlic Career Pathways document has been updated lo reflect recent changes. The document is available on the websile via the ECG pages. The ECG is keen to engage with the fvlure members of Ihe Society by attending Undergraduate events. The BES led the way as the only 'Society" representative5 at the Manchester Dental Students Union Trade Fair and the recent British Undergraduate Dentsl Research Conference. ReSea￿h Grants Dr Siobhan Cushley and Dr Hannah Bradley ￿tre both awarded the 2023 BES Grant for Research Work. Dr Cu5hley, from the University of Beltssl Wds awarded for her work on °A rnultl-omics approach to Identify novel biom8rkers and Iherapeukncs for pulprtis.. Dr Bradley. from the Universty of Glasgow was awarded for her work on "A¢¢ura¢y and effi¢ien¢y of dynamic navigation versus freehand access in localing calcified canals.. An in vitro analysis.. Four applications have been received for the 2024 grant Awards The annual BES awards recognise progression tobYard5 and achievement of endodonlic excellence. A multrtude of awards exists for our members al various stsges of their ca￿erS the aim of encouraging and developing the endodontic workforce. This year saw the introduction of The Mark Hunter Earfy Career Prize in Endodontology, renamed in memory of our dear Past President %tho inspired so many dents'sts during the early stages of their careers. Page 4 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) TRUSTEES. REPORT ICONTINUEDI FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 A¢hlovom•nts and perf¢mian¢o lcontlnuedl Our prvzes are a core part of the BES and would encourage all eligible members to participate. For those in leaching positions or involved wth early career denkn"sls, we would be gralefijl if you could 5UPPOrt your students to entei for the awards. Financial review a. Golng concorn After making appropriate enquiries, the Trustees have a ￿#Sonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources lo continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial ststements. Further detsils regar¢Jing the adoption of the going concern basis ¢an be found in the accounting policies. b. Ro8eNè$ poII¢y 11 is the policy of the Society lo hold enough reserves to keep going tor a period of al least six months following significant drop in income. Six months expenses equate lo roughly £242.000 and free reserves equated lo £580,595, of thich £310,867 was cash al bank. This policy has therefore been met. Structurn. govornancè and managomènt a. El•ctlon of Offlc•r8 President President Elect Vice President Elect Hon. Treasurer Hon.Secretary Hon. Assl. Secretsry Hon. Communications Officer ESE Representative William McLean Phil Tomson Philip Mitchel Daniel Vaz de Souza Dipti Mehta Salnam Singh Virdee Risha P*el Giuseppe Di Filippo b. Governing document The British Endodonts'c Society is a company limited by guarantee and a registered charity governed by its Memorandum and Artides of Associatson. c. Organlsallonal $tru¢ture The charity is organised as a Society for the promots.on of postgraduate educab.on by way of meebngs, If(erature and advice for members, the dental profession and the general public. d. Policies adopted for the induction and training of Trustee5 New trustees are appointed by exisbng trustees rf they are seen as helping to fiJlfil any shortfall in the skill set of the board. The charity holds a general meetsng each year. Exisling trustees help wth the induction and training of new trustees. New trustees are encouraged to read the guidancE on tru5tees' responsibilities Issued by the Charity Commission. Page 5 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) TRUSTEES. REPORT ICONTINUEDI FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 Structur•. gov•rnance and manag•m•nt lcontlnuodl •. Public bonofft The Iruslees have given due considerab.on to the Chanty Commission guidance on the acb"vilies on the operation of the Public Benefit reqU1￿ment and identify that benefit in the activities carried out for the purpose of promoting the objects ol the Charity and charitable activities as detailed in this report sab'sfy this requirement. f. Rlsk managom•nt The trustees have a duty to identify and review the risks to which the charity is exposed and lo ensure appropriate controls are in place lo provide reasonable assurance against fraud and error. Plans for futur• ￿riOdS The Society continues committed lo ils goveming motto'promole. educate and advance" It continues lo actively support educational and endodonlic research adivity. has revamped Ihe structure of f(s prizes, continues lo support the Endodontic Teachers Group and and the vibrant Eady Carers Group. Approved by order of the members of the board of Twstees and signed on their behalf by.. ',DLC 2, 2025 12..12..04 GMTI Rahul Patel Trustee Date.. 0211212025 Page 6 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) STATEMENT OF TRUSTEES. RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 The Trustees (who are also the ￿1￿ClOr$ of the Company for the purposes of company lawl are responsible for p￿parIng the Trustees, report and the financial ststements in a¢¢ordan¢e with applicable law and United Kin9dom Accounts'ng Standards {United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practs'cel. Company law requires the Trustees to p￿pare financial statements for each financial . Under company law, the Trustees must not approve the financial ststements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of its incoming resources and application of resources, including its income and expenditure. for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Trustees are required to.. select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistenly., observe the method5 and pnnciple5 of the Charitie5 SORP IFRS 1021., make judgments and accountsng estsmate$ that afe reasonable and prudent.. state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards IFRS 1021 have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial stslements". prepare the financial statements on the going concem basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company wll contsnue In business. The Trustees are respon$ible for keeping adequate accounting record$ that are $uffioenl to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them lo ensure Ihat Ihe financial statements comply wth Ihe Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. Approved by order of the members of the board of Trustees and signed on 115 behalf by.. i Dec 2. 2025 1?.12..04 GMT) Rahul Patol Trustee Dale.. 0211212025 Page 7 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 Independent •xaminer's report to the Tru$t¢os of The British Endodontic Socièty I'thè Company'l I report lo the charity Trustees on my examination of the aceounts of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2024. Responsibilities and basis of report As the Trustees of the Company land ils diredors for the purposes of ¢omp3ny lawl you are responsible lor the preparats'on of the a¢¢ount$ in a¢¢ordan¢e with the requirement$ of the Companie$ A¢t 20061.lhe 2006 A¢l'l. Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the Company are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination. I report in respeci of my examination of the Company's accounts carried out under section 145 of the Charth'es Act 2011 {'the 2011 Act'l. In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charty Commission under $ection 14515llbl of the 2011 Act. Indopendent examlnor's 8tatem•nt Since the Company's gross income exteeded £250,000 your èxaminer must be a member of a body listèd in section 145 of the 2011 Act. I confim Ihal l am qualified lo undertake the examination because l am a member of The Association ol Chartereil Certified Accountsnts. which is one of the listed bodies. I have completed my examination. I confirm Ihal no matters have come to my attention in connection wrth the examination giving me cause lo believe". accounting records were not kept in respect of the Company as required by section 386 of the 2006 Act., or the accounts do not accord wth those records." or the accounts fjo not comply wrth the accounting ￿qUIrementS ol section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a 'true and fairf view which 1$ not a matter ¢onsidered as part of an independent examinats'on., or the accounts have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and pnn¢iples of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities lapplicable lo charrties preparing their accounts in accordance wrth the Financial Repo￿"n9 Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland IFRS 10211. I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection wlh the examination lo which attention should be dravln in this report in ￿der to enable a proper underslanding of the accounts to be reached. Thi5 report 15 made 501ely lo the Company'5 Trustees. as a body, In accordance wth Part 4 of the Charitie5 IA¢¢ounls and Reports) Regulabons 2008. My work has been undertaken so that I might stsle lo the Company's Trustees those matters l am required to state to them in an Independent examinerfs report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permrtted by law. I do not accept or assume respc*nsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's Trustees as a body, for my work or for this report. K)rvli RAP iDec 2, 2025 I2'.28.'53 Gmn Signed.. Dated.. 0211212025 Karen Rae FCCA, DChA Amstrong Watson LLP, 51 Rae Street. Dumfries. DG1 1JD Page 8 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES (INCORPORATING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTI FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 Unr•strlctsd funds 2024 Total funds 2024 Total funds 2023 Income from: Charitable actiwtses Investments 339.460 21,196 339,460 21,196 466, 159 7, 782 Totsl incomg 360,656 360,656 473,941 Exp•ndltur• on: Charitable actiwtses 484,139 484,139 421,899 Total oxpondlture 484,139 484,139 421,899 Not lexpendlturo>lln¢om• bèfor• not g•ln8 on Inv•$tm•nt$ Nel gains on investments 1123,4831 14,489 1123,4831 14,489 52,042 4, 733 Net movement In fund• 1108,9941 1108,9941 56, 775 R•conclllatlon of fund8: Total funds brought forward Nel movement in fvnd$ 689,589 1108,9941 689,589 1108,9941 632,814 56. 775 Total fund$ carriod forw*rd 580,595 580,S95 689,589 The Statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year. The notes on pages 11 to 21 fom) part of these financial stslements. Page 9 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) REGISTERED NUMBER: 08183601 BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 OECEMBER 2024 2024 2023 Mole Current assets Debtors Investments 38,766 250.312 310,867 130, 722 123,073 473,024 io Cash al bank and in hand 599,945 726,819 Creditors.. amounts fallin9 due within one year {19.3501 (37,230) Not current assots 580,595 689,589 Total not a880ts 580.59S 689,589 Charlty fund$ Unrestricted funds 12 580,$95 689,589 Total funds 580,S95 689,589 The Company was ent￿ed to exempbon from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006. The members have not required the company to obtain an audit for the year in queglion in accordance wlh section 476 of Companies Act 2008. The Trustees acknovAedge their responsibilities for complying wth the requirements of the Act with respect to accounting records and preparation of financAal statements. The financial slalemenls have been prepa￿￿ in accordance w￿th the provisions applicable lo enlilies subject lo the small companies regime. The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Trustees and signed on their behalf by.. ', DÉ t 2, 2025 12..12..04 GMT) Rahul Patel Trustee Dale.. 0211212025 The notes on pages 11 to 21 fomi part of these financial statements. Page 10 THE BRITISH ENt)ODONTIC SOCIETY IA company limited by guarantee) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 General infomiation The company is a company limited by guaiantee and ￿giSte￿￿ in England and Wales wrth Companies House and is registered as a Charity vAlh the Charity Commission. The finanaal statements are presented in GBP being the charitable companys functional currency. Amounts are rounded to the nearest pound unless slated otherwise. Accounting policies 2.1 8a$l6 of pr•paratlon of financlal stst•m•nts The financial stalements have been p￿pared in accordance th the Charities SORP IFRS 1021- Accounting and Reporting by Charities.. Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland IFRS 1021 leffecb.ve 1 January 20191. the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Reput4K of I￿lartd IFRS 1021 and the Companies Act 2006. The 8rits'$h En¢Jodontic So¢iety meet$ the definition of a public benefrt entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accnunling policy. 2.2 Golng ¢onc•m The Tru$lee$ have a$se$sed vknelher Ihe use of the going con¢em basis 1$ approprialg and have considered possible evenls or conditions Ihat might cast significant doubt on the ability of the charitable company lo continue as a going concern. The Tnjslees have made this assessment for a period ol al least 12 months from the date of the approval of these financial 51alemenls. In particular, the Trustees have considered the charitable companys lorecasls and projedions and have taken account of the pressures on In￿Me and the impact of the cost of living crisis. After making enquiries, the Trustees have con¢luded that the￿ is a reasonable expe¢lab'on that the charitable company has adequate resources to continue in operabonal existence for the foreseeable future. The charitable company therefore continues lo adopt the going concem basi5 in preparing its financial statements. 2.3 Incom• All income is recognised once the Company has entrtlement to the income, it is probable that the income Mll be received and the amount of income receivable can be measured reliably. Income tax recoverable in relats.on to investment income is recognised 81 the b.me the investment income is receivable. 2.4 Expgnditura Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constnjctive obligation to transfer economic benefit to a third party, il 15 probable that a transfer of economic benefit5 will be required in settlement and the amount of the obligation can be measure