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2024-07-31-accounts

Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

Registered number: 07986547 Charity number: 1147011

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

UNAUDITED

TRUSTEES' REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

CONTENTS
Page
Reference and Administrative Details of the Charity, its Trustees and Advisers 1
Trustees' Report 2 - 4
Independent Examiner's Report 5
Statement of Financial Activities 6
Balance Sheet 7
Notes to the Financial Statements 8 - 15

Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS OF THE CHARITY, ITS TRUSTEES AND ADVISERS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

Trustees Professor C M Lizieri
Mr J H Zehner
Mr S H T Clark (resigned 8 December 2023)
Mr I Marcus
Mr D R Howarth
Company registered
number
07986547
Charity registered
number
1147011
Registered office
19 Silver Street
Cambridge
CB3 9EP
Accountants
Peters Elworthy & Moore
Chartered Accountants
Salisbury House
Station Road
Cambridge
CB1 2LA
Bankers
Barclays Bank Plc
9-11 St Andrews Street
Cambridge
CB2 3AA
Solicitors
Mills & Reeve LLP
Botanic House
100 Hills Road
Cambridge
CB2 1PH

Page 1

Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

TRUSTEES' REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

The Trustees present their annual report together with the financial statements of the Cambridge Land Economy Advisory Board ("CLEAB") for the year ending 31 July 2024. The annual report serves the purposes of both a Trustees' report and a directors' report under company law. The Trustees confirm that the annual report and financial statements of the charitable company comply with the current statutory requirements, the requirements of the charitable company's governing document and the provisions of the Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP) applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS102) (second edition October 2019, effective 1 January 2019).

Since the Charity qualifies as small under section 382, the strategic report required of large and medium companies under the Companies Act 2006 (Strategic Report and Directors' Report) Regulations 2013 is not required.

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

Objectives

The Charity's objectives are specifically restricted to the advancement of education and research by the Department of Land Economy (or any successor to such department) of the University of Cambridge through the provision of advice and financial support and the promotion of the department's reputation and activities.

During the period, the Trustees have borne in mind the Charity Commission's Guidance on the principles of public benefit.

ACHEVEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE

Review of activities

During the year, CLEAB has been recruiting members, who pay a membership fee of £500 (2023: £500) and are invited to donate an additional £2,500 (2023: £2,500), although this is optional. Despite being optional, nearly all dues paying members have chosen to make the additional donation. During the year, the Charity had 40 members (2023: 38).

CLEAB’s activities during the year continued in a variety of forms and for a variety of beneficiaries:

This is all in addition to CLEAB’s key work in improving connections between the Department and industrial partners and research sponsors.

After making appropriate enquiries to satisfy themselves of the stability and financial health of the Charity, the Trustees have a reasonable expectation that the Charity has adequate resources to continue in operational

Page 2

Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason, the Trustees continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. Further details regarding the adoption of the going concern basis can be found in the accounting policies.

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Financial Review

During the year, the Charity received donations of £66,250 (2023: £78,750) including reclaimed gift aid of £1,250 (2023: £1,250) and membership fees of £13,500 (2023: £15,000). Expenditure on charitable activities comprised grants of £10,500 and a £52,500 reversal of a grant to the Department of Land Economy to fund an administative assistant (2023: £5,450). A total of £6,873 (2023: £4,775) was spent on meetings and events. Secretarial costs of £19,469 (2023: £17,070) were incurred as well as governance costs of £2,220 (2023: £2,100). Website hosting costs amounted to £300 (2023: £300). There was net income for the year of £96,277 (2023: £64,055), which has been added to the brought forward funds of £169,123 to result in funds carried forward of £265,400.

Reserves policy

Reserves are held to enable the Charity to deal with unexpected events, such as sudden losses of income and increases in expenditure.

Total funds carried forward as at 31 July 2024 were £265,400, all of which are free reserves with no restrictions. The Trustees are aiming to maintain a minimum reserve level of £100,000 to meet 6 months expenditure plus the potential cost of one or more PhD studentship(s); Department priorities for CLEAB funding are currently being discussed, which include the potential for some matched funding for PhD studentships from one of the Cambridge colleges. The Trustees recognise that they are currently holding a higher sum than the policy, and will continue to explore opportunities with the Department to spend the surplus on charitable activities so that free reserves are brought in line with the target.

STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

Constitution

Cambridge Land Economy Advisory Board is a Company limited by guarantee which was incorporated on 12 March 2012 and is governed by its Memorandum and Articles of Association dated 7 March 2012. The Company obtained charitable status on 25 April 2012.

Methods of appointment or election of Trustees

Trustees are appointed who will bring practical and valuable skills to the Charity. The Trustees who served during the year were:

Professor C M Lizieri Mr J H Zehner Mr S H T Clark Mr I Marcus Mr D R Howarth

Please note that Simon Clark has retired from his active role on CLEAB as of 8 December 2023; it is the Board’s intention that the composition of Trustees be reviewed and updated in line with current active participation.

Organisational structure and decision making policies

The management of the Charity is the responsibility of the Trustees who are elected and co opted under the

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

terms of the Articles of Association. The day-to-day administration of the Charity is carried out by a part-time administrator who is paid a monthly fee of £1,600 plus a Christmas bonus.

STATEMENT OF TRUSTEES' RESPONSIBILITIES

The Trustees (who are also the directors of the Charity for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the Trustees' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

Company law requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under company law, the Trustees must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Charity and of its incoming resources and application of resources, including its income and expenditure, for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Trustees are required to:

The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Charity's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Charity and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Approved by order of the members of the board of Trustees and signed on their behalf by:

................................................

Mr J H Zehner Trustee

Date: 29 April 2025

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES OF CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD ('the Charity')

I report to the charity Trustees on my examination of the accounts of the Charity for the year ended 31 July 2024.

RESPONSIBILITIES AND BASIS OF REPORT

As the Trustees of the Charity (and its directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 ('the 2006 Act').

Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the Charity are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of the Charity's accounts carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 ('the 2011 Act'). In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act.

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S STATEMENT

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe:

  1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the Charity as required by section 386 of the 2006 Act; or

  2. the accounts do not accord with those records; or

  3. the accounts do not comply with the accounting requirements of section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a 'true and fair' view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination; or

  4. the accounts have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities.

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

This report is made solely to the Charity's Trustees, as a body, in accordance with Part 4 of the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008. My work has been undertaken so that I might state to the Charity's Trustees those matters I am required to state to them in an Independent Examiner's Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, I do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Charity and the Charity's Trustees as a body, for my work or for this report.

Signed: M Hewett FCA DChA

Dated: 30 April 2025

PETERS ELWORTHY & MOORE

Chartered Accountants

Cambridge

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD

(A Company Limited by Guarantee)

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES (INCORPORATING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

Note
INCOME FROM:
Donations and membership fees
3
Investments
4
TOTAL INCOME
EXPENDITURE ON:
Charitable activities
6
TOTAL EXPENDITURE
NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS
RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS:
Total funds brought forward
Net movement in funds
TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD
Unrestricted
funds
2024
£
79,750
3,389
83,139
(13,138)
(13,138)
96,277
169,123
96,277
265,400
Total
funds
2024
£
79,750
3,389
83,139
(13,138)
(13,138)
96,277
169,123
96,277
265,400
Total
funds
2023
£
93,750
-
93,750
29,695
29,695
64,055
105,068
64,055
169,123

The Statement of Financial Activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year.

The notes on pages 8 to 15 form part of these financial statements.

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee) REGISTERED NUMBER: 07986547

BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 JULY 2024

2024 2024 2023
Note £ £
CURRENT ASSETS
Debtors 9 48,125 34,875
Investments 10 - 100,000
Cash at bank and in hand 254,719 148,674
302,844 283,549
Creditors: amounts falling due within one
year 11 (34,994) (67,441)
NET CURRENT ASSETS 267,850 216,108
Creditors: amounts falling due after more
than one year 12 (2,450) (46,985)
TOTAL NET ASSETS 265,400 169,123
CHARITY FUNDS
Unrestricted funds 14 265,400 169,123
TOTAL FUNDS 265,400 169,123

The Charity was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006.

The members have not required the company to obtain an audit for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of Companies Act 2006.

The Trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Act with respect to accounting records and preparation of financial statements.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to entities subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Trustees and signed on their behalf by:

................................................

Mr J H Zehner Trustee

Date: 29 April 2025

The notes on pages 8 to 15 form part of these financial statements.

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

The Charity is a private company limited by guarantee incorporated in England and Wales. The members of the Charity are the Trustees named on page 1 and those organisations and individuals who have been invited to become members and where relevant have paid the membership fee. In the event of the Charity being wound up, the liability in respect of the guarantee is limited to £1 per member of the Charity. The registered office is 19 Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EP.

The functional and presentational currency of the Charity is GBP, round to the nearest £1.

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.1 BASIS OF PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Charities SORP (FRS 102) - Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006.

Cambridge Land Economy Advisory Board meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy.

There were no significant estimates or judgements made by management in preparing these financial statements.

2.2 GOING CONCERN

The Trustees have reviewed the financial position of the Charity and have a reasonable expectation that the Charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the financial statements continue to be prepared on the going concern basis.

There are no material uncertainties in respect of going concern.

2.3 FUND ACCOUNTING

General funds are unrestricted funds which are available for use at the discretion of the Trustees in furtherance of the general objectives of the Charity and which have not been designated for other purposes.

Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by donors or which have been raised by the Charity for particular purposes. The costs of raising and administering such funds are charged against the specific fund. The aim and use of each restricted fund is set out in the notes to the financial statements.

Investment income, gains and losses are allocated to the appropriate fund.

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

2.4 INCOME

All income is recognised once the Charity has entitlement to the income, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount of income receivable can be measured reliably.

Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid is recognised at the time of the donation.

Membership fee income is recognised in the period to which it relates. Membership income owing to the Charity at the year end is included in debtors. Membership income received in advance for future periods is carried forward as deferred income.

Donations are recognised in the period in which they are received.

2.5 EXPENDITURE

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to transfer economic benefit to a third party, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably.

All expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis. All expenses including support costs and governance costs are allocated to applicable expenditure headings.

Support costs including governance costs are those costs incurred in support of expenditure on the objects of the Charity. Governance costs are those incurred in connection with administration of the Charity and compliance with constitutional and statutory requirements.

Expenditure on charitable activities is incurred on directly undertaking the activities which further the Charity's objectives, as well as any associated support costs.

Grants payable are charged in the year when the offer is made except in those cases where the offer is conditional, such grants being recognised as expenditure when the conditions attaching are fulfilled. Grants offered subject to conditions which have not been met at the year end are noted as a commitment, but not accrued as expenditure.

All expenditure is inclusive of irrecoverable VAT.

2.6 DEBTORS

Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any trade discounts due.

2.7 CASH AT BANK AND IN HAND

Cash at bank and in hand includes cash and short-term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

2.8 LIABILITIES

Liabilities are recognised when there is an obligation at the Balance Sheet date as a result of a past event, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefit will be required in settlement, and the amount of the settlement can be estimated reliably.

Liabilities are recognised at the amount that the Charity anticipates it will pay to settle the debt or the amount it has received as advanced payments for the goods or services it must provide.

2.9 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Charity only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

3. INCOME FROM DONATIONS AND MEMBERSHIP FEES

Unrestricted
funds
2024
£
DONATIONS
Donations from members
65,000
Gift aid from HMRC
1,250
Total donations
66,250
Membership fees
13,500
79,750
TOTAL 2023
93,750
4.
INVESTMENT INCOME
Unrestricted
funds
2024
£
Interest on fixed-term deposits
3,389
Total
funds
2024
£
65,000
1,250
66,250
13,500
79,750
93,750
Total
funds
2024
£
3,389
Total
funds
2023
£
77,500
1,250
78,750
15,000
93,750
Total
funds
2023
£
-

Page 10

Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

5. ANALYSIS OF GRANTS

Education and research
TOTAL 2023
Grants to
Institutions
2024
£
(49,500)
3,000
Grants to
Individuals
2024
£
7,500
2,450
Total
funds
2024
£
(42,000)
5,450
Total
funds
2023
£
5,450

The Charity has made the following material grants to institutions during the year:

NAME OF INSTITUTION
Cambridge University Land Society
Department of Land Economy (grant reversal)
2024
£
3,000
(52,500)
(49,500)
2023
£
3,000
-
3,000

The Department of Land Economy grant has been reversed as it was no longer deemed necessary by the Department; no further monies have been advanced.

6. ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURE ON CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES

Summary by fund type

Education and research
TOTAL 2023
Restricted
funds
2024
Unrestricted
funds
2024
£
£
-
(13,138)
1,016
28,679
Total
2024
£
(13,138)
29,695
Total
2023
£
29,695

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

7. ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURE BY ACTIVITIES

Education and research
TOTAL 2023
Activities
undertaken
directly
2024
£
6,873
4,775
Grant
funding of
activities
2024
£
(42,000)
5,450
Support
costs
2024
£
21,989
19,470
Total
funds
2024
£
(13,138)
29,695
Total
funds
2023
£
29,695

ANALYSIS OF DIRECT COSTS

Total Total
funds funds
2024 2023
£ £
Meetings, events and newsletter costs 6,873 4,775

ANALYSIS OF SUPPORT COSTS

Secretarial costs
Independent examiner's fees (governance costs)
Accountancy fees (governance costs)
Website costs
Total
funds
2024
£
19,469
610
1,610
300
21,989
Total
funds
2023
£
17,070
580
1,520
300
19,470

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

8. TRUSTEES' REMUNERATION AND EXPENSES The Charity considers its key management personnel to be the Trustees. During the year, no Trustees received any remuneration or other benefits (2023 - £NIL).

During the year ended 31 July 2024, no Trustee expenses have been incurred (2023 - £NIL).

9. DEBTORS

Other debtors
10.
CURRENT ASSET INVESTMENTS
One-year fixed term bank deposits
11.
CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
Accruals
Grant commitments - individuals
Grant commitments - institutions
12.
CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE AFTER MORE THAN ONE YEAR
Grant commitments - individuals
Grant commitments - institutions
2024
£
48,125
2024
£
-
2024
£
2,220
2,450
30,324
34,994
2024
£
2,450
-
2,450
2023
£
34,875
2023
£
100,000
2023
£
2,100
-
65,341
67,441
2023
£
-
46,985
46,985

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

13. GRANT COMMITMENTS

The movement in the grant commitments creditor is shown below.

Grant commitments b/fwd
New commitments
Paid
Reversal
Grant commitments c/fwd
2024
£
112,326
10,500
(35,102)
(52,500)
35,224
2023
£
195,955
-
(83,629)
-
112,326

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Docusign Envelope ID: 7B79CF39-66E5-44A8-814D-894DCF3C97D8

CAMBRIDGE LAND ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD (A Company Limited by Guarantee)

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024

14. STATEMENT OF FUNDS

STATEMENT OF FUNDS - CURRENT YEAR
Balance at 1
August 2023
£
UNRESTRICTED FUNDS
General Fund
169,123
STATEMENT OF FUNDS - PRIOR YEAR
Balance at
1 August
2022
£
UNRESTRICTED FUNDS
General Funds
104,052
RESTRICTED FUNDS
Restricted Fund
1,016
TOTAL OF FUNDS
105,068
Income
£
83,139
Income
£
93,750
-
93,750
Expenditure
£
Balance at
31 July 2024
£
13,138
265,400
Expenditure
£
Balance at
31 July 2023
£
(28,679)
169,123
(1,016)
-
(29,695)
169,123
Expenditure
£
Balance at
31 July 2024
£
13,138
265,400
Expenditure
£
Balance at
31 July 2023
£
(28,679)
169,123
(1,016)
-
(29,695)
169,123
Balance at
31 July 2023
£
169,123
-
169,123

The restricted fund represents donations received specifically to support student activities.

15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Charity has not entered into any related party transactions during the year, nor are there any outstanding balances owing between related parties and the Charity at 31 July 2024 (2023: no related party transactions and balances).

Page 15