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2022-03-31-accounts

www.riverbanktrust.org.uk

RIVERBANK TRUST

Charity Registration Number: 1143758 Company Registration Number: 7548705

31 March 2022

Annual Report and Financial Statements

Tandem Accounting Chartered Accountants

17 Heathville Road London N19 3AL

RIVERBANK TRUST

Annual Report and Financial Statements 2021 Contents

Page
Legal and administrative information 2
Annual Report of the Trustees 3
Independent Examiner's report to the Trustees 11
Statement of financial activities 12
Balance sheet 13
Notes to the financial statements 14

1

RIVERBANK TRUST

Legal and Administrative Information For the year ended 31 March 2022

Charity Name Riverbank Trust.
Charity Registration No. 1143758. The Charity was established on 22 February 2011 and was registered with the
Charity Commission on 12 September 2011.
Registered Office Holy Trinity Church Centre, Sheen Park, Richmond, Surrey TW9 1UP
Governing Document Memorandum & Articles of Association dated 22 February 2011
Objectives The object of the charity is in the Spirit of the Lord Jesus Christ to provide support and
care for vulnerable women and other needy people, in particular in the London Borough
of Richmond-upon-Thames or elsewhere at the Trustees' discretion.
In view of the object of the charity, the Mission of Riverbank Trust (“Riverbank”), for the
public benefit, is specifically:
To bring hope and help through long-term emotional and practical support for single
mothers experiencing significant challenges in life. Riverbank does this by equipping
families of all faiths and none through one-to-one relationship and inclusive community
groups, delivered in partnership with the local church, schools, voluntary organisations
and professional services.
Trustees Tristan Blood – resigned 3 October, 2022
Sally Buckwell – resigned 3 October 2022
Catriona Johnston
Mark Johnston
Ellie Hughes
Dan Wells
Geraldine Stride – appointed 9 May, 2022
Peter Reekie – appointed 3 October, 2022
Key Management Those in charge of planning, directing, controlling, running and operating the Charity,
Personnel including those members of staff who are the senior management personnel to whom the
trustees have delegated significant authority or responsibility in the day-to-day running of
the charity, are considered by the trustees to be:

The Trustees

The CEO Laura Lowther (previously Michelle Rutter)
Main Bankers Barclays Bank Plc
8 George Street
Richmond
Surrey TW9 1JY
Independent John Helm ACA
Examiner Tandem Accounting Limited
17 Heathville Road
London N19 3AL
Company Secretary P. James Lowther (unpaid volunteer)

2

RIVERBANK TRUST

Annual Report of the Trustees For the year ended 31 March 2022

The Trustees, who are also the Directors of the Riverbank Trust, submit their annual report and the financial statements of Riverbank Trust (“the Charity”) for the year ended 31 March 2022. The financial statements have been prepared in the format prescribed by the Statement of Recommended Practice: Accounting and Reporting by Charities (SORP2015 (FRS102)) and the Financial Reporting Standard 102. The legal and administrative information set out earlier in this document forms part of this report. This report also constitutes a directors’ report required by section 415 of the Companies Act 2006 as all Trustees of a charity company are directors.

1. Structure, Governance & Management

1.1. Trustees

The Board of Trustees, which can have up to 12 members, administers the Charity. The Trustees meet as a management committee at least four times per year to discuss a full range of matters relating to project work, recruitment, finance and general administration. The Director is appointed by the Trustees to manage the day to day operations of the Charity. To facilitate effective operations, the Director has delegated authority, with terms of delegation agreed by the Trustees. The Director keeps the Trustees abreast of important issues with meetings, by telephone and email communication. The Director also sends out emails to the Trustees from time to time with updates and information on matters arising in the life of the Charity.

Business and pastoral skills are well represented amongst the Trustees. Trustees aim to maintain and, where necessary, expand this range of skills and experience through training. None of the Trustees receive remuneration.

New Trustees are appointed by the existing Trustees. Unanimity is sought concerning such appointments.

The induction process for any individual newly-appointed to the board of Trustees comprises an initial meeting with at least two of the Trustees (whenever possible one of these two Trustees being the Chair) and receipt of copies of:

1.2 Risk Management

The Trustees acknowledge that they have a responsibility for the identification and proper management of risks faced by the Charity in achieving its primary aims. The Trustees have therefore assessed the major risks to which the Charity is exposed, in particular those relating to the specific operational areas of the Charity, its investments and its finances. The Trustees believe that, by monitoring reserve levels, by ensuring that controls exist over key financial systems, and by examining the operational risks faced by the Charity, they have established effective systems and procedures to mitigate those risks.

2. Activities & Achievements

The trustees have given due regard to the Charity Commission’s guidance on public benefit. The trustees believe that the Charity provides benefit to the public through the achievements associated with the following core activities:

2.1 One to One Relationship

Riverbank delivers long-term emotional and practical support to single mothers through one-to-one relationship between each single mother and her Outreach Worker. Outcomes achieved through this relationship include: the combatting of loneliness and other conditions associated with poor mental health , and the provision of a host of practical support as described below.

3

RIVERBANK TRUST

Annual Report of the Trustees For the year ended 31 March 2022

During periods of C19 lockdown, each school family was contacted with the offer of meeting remotely such as over Zoom (remote school sessions). Those children who requested to participate appreciated having one-to-one time with their Outreach Worker. Each online session varied depending on the age and need of the child, and was structured accordingly. Examples of content related to the pandemic included exploring together: ‘What have you enjoyed most about lockdown?’ ‘What have you missed during lockdown?’ ‘What one thing are you looking forward to when all this is over?’ ‘What is one new thing you have learnt or done?’ Answers were recorded on paper, stuck in the child’s scrapbook, and kept as a reminder of school time together during lockdown. The children have tended to demonstrate a keen interest in their scrapbooks, sharing contents with peers, teachers and parents. Riverbank complies closely with applicable safeguarding requirements; this includes updating its safeguarding policy to reflect how services were adjusted, as well as asking each parent to complete an online consent form.

Schools have reported that Riverbank’s education-based service has demonstrated the capacity to (i) increase a pupil’s ability to concentrate, (ii) improve behaviour in class, and (iii) improve overall wellbeing. The demand for this service is strong with schools continuing to request that Riverbank extend its service to cover more children. The combination of one-to-one relationship delivered to both mother and child produces in the child a visible increase in resilience and confidence.

4

RIVERBANK TRUST

Annual Report of the Trustees For the year ended 31 March 2022

Key Statistics

2021-22 2020-21
Full-time staff - -
Part-time staff 8 8
Families reached 75 75
Schools involved in 3 3
School children reached(Incl. one-toone sessions) 37 32
Contact with other Riverbank schoolparents 23 12

2.2 Community Groups

Riverbank delivers emotional and practical support to single mothers through community groups that are often needsbased. Single Mums attend these community groups where they develop relationships and benefit from a shared sense of belonging and community. Mums share and receive needs-based support such as through the parenting training groups. Outcomes achieved through community groups include: the combatting of isolation and other conditions associated with poor mental health , and the development of specific skills such as those associated with parenting.

Vulnerable single mothers and families were emotionally affected by the pandemic and struggled with anxiety, feeling isolated and being worried about the safety of loved ones. Riverbank Outreach Workers sought to stay in contact with families during the year and engaged via phone calls, emails, texts and Zoom sessions. Riverbank restarted running a number of weekly groups in person from September 2021 following the government’s guidance on managing the risk of COVID-19.

5

RIVERBANK TRUST

Annual Report of the Trustees For the year ended 31 March 2022

The KM programme topics include:

This programme also typically runs for 7 weeks (9 weeks online), and the material is designed to help parents understand their role in creating a secure and loving attachment with their baby and increase awareness of parental mental health. The group allows Mums and Dads (or anyone who forms part of their parenting team) to meet other parents at a similar stage and decrease their risk of isolation.

The BM programme topics include:

o Changes for me and us;

o Strengthening Relationships;

6

RIVERBANK TRUST

Annual Report of the Trustees For the year ended 31 March 2022

o Helping baby develop;

o Baby’s amazing brain; and

o Helping baby to sleep.

2.3 Collaborative Partnerships

Riverbank delivers emotional and practical support to single Mums through collaborative partnerships with the local church, schools, voluntary organisations and professional services. Outcomes achieved through collaborative partnerships include: the combatting of isolation and other conditions associated with poor mental health in single mothers and their families, and combatting financial hardship .

At a time when the pandemic has hindered the ability of individuals and institutions to work together in ways that were normal before the pandemic, Riverbank has continued its commitment to collaborative partnerships.

3. Additional Achievements and Impact

The Trustees would like to express their gratitude to all those volunteers who have supported the Charity with their time, effort and ingenuity.

7

RIVERBANK TRUST

Annual Report of the Trustees For the year ended 31 March 2022

Additional achievements for the charity include:

This was restricted funding and was for the purpose of assisting eligible beneficiaries in the borough with costs associated with food, utilities and other winter essentials. The funding came when the pandemic had already created difficult circumstances for many LBRUT residents and at a time of year when energy costs create added pressure for a number of families, particularly those suffering financial hardship. Riverbank acknowledges the support of the London Borough of Richmond Upon Thames Council in the impact delivered through this funding which was awarded to a Consortium comprising Riverbank Trust and St. Richard’s CE Primary School, Ham. Riverbank was the designated Lead Organisation in the Consortium. None of the grant was underspent; all funding was spent in line with the funding purpose. 86 families in the borough were supported through this funding.

Mission and Ministry Work

Riverbank works in partnerships with churches and has continued to develop its valued relationships throughout lockdown. This has included the opportunity to deliver presentations at various churches and has included circulation of the Riverbank prayer letter ‘The Ripple’. Riverbank ordinarily runs a group called Living Water so those who are interested can access a safe and non-judgemental space to explore the teachings of Christ.

Home Office Community Sponsorship Scheme

The Charity supported a Syrian Refugee Family under the Home Office Community Sponsorship Scheme. The Arabic speaking family comprising 2 adults (Mum and Dad) and 3 children (2 of school age and 1 pre-schooler) arrived in the UK in July 2020. With a team of dedicated volunteers, interpreters and Riverbank staff, daily support was provided to help the family settle in. The staff and volunteers on this project completed the Government PREVENT training. The charity remained in contact with the family during lockdown, and the children attended school when possible. Parents continued

8

RIVERBANK TRUST

Annual Report of the Trustees For the year ended 31 March 2022

their learning online during the pandemic and made noticeable progress in their English. The staff and volunteer team engaged remotely in a number of ways such as providing translation services where necessary, supporting home learning for the children, and providing practical help such as financial support, food, Christmas and Easter gift bags, and attending to appointments. Riverbank’s contract with the Home Office has now completed. The family has decided to sign another two-year tenancy for their flat which means the family will remain under Riverbank’s care for the foreseeable future.

5. Financial Review

Funding for the Charity comes primarily from donations from schools, charitable trusts and individuals.

5.1 Financial Activity and Financial Position

The Statement of Financial Activities and Balance Sheet can be found on pages 13 and 14 respectively. The Charity’s reserves increased by £15,474 during the year (2021: increased by £18,359). The balance sheet shows total net assets of £70,434 (2021: £54,960) of which £43,694 (2021: £30,075) is restricted.

5.2 Reserves Policy

The Trustees have examined the requirements for free reserves, in other words those unrestricted funds not invested in tangible fixed assets. The Trustees consider that, given the nature of the Charity’s work, free reserves should be equivalent to approximately 2 months’ budgeted routine expenditure, plus committed future expenditure on other projects, where funds permit. The Trustees are of the opinion that this provides sufficient flexibility to cover temporary shortfalls in incoming resources and will allow the Charity to cope and respond to unforeseen emergencies whilst specific action plans are implemented. At 31 March 2022 the Charity had net free reserves of £26,740 (2021: £24,885) as follows:

Total reserves
Less: restricted reserves
Free reserves requirement:
2 months’ budgeted routine expenditure
2022 2021
£
54,960
(30,075)





£
70,434
(43,694)
24,885
26,740
26,000
26,000

Reserves have been maintained in the year at just under two months’ expenditure. The 2022-23 budget shows a breakeven result.

5.3 Investment Policy

Funds not immediately required for working capital are placed in a bank deposit account.

6. Plans for Future Periods

In line with its Strategic Development Plan, Riverbank expects to strengthen its focus on Riverbank’s original core mission to single mothers . Other key aspects of the Strategic Development Plan include a revamping of Riverbank’s online presence , and the launch of a Ham Hub which will be the charity’s first geographic expansion .

In addition to single mothers self-referring to Riverbank, referrals are also made by statutory services, schools and other civil society agencies. There has been a rise in referrals to Riverbank during the pandemic and plans are in place to expand capacity with a new Outreach Worker to meet these needs within the community.

Riverbank plans to develop impactful beneficiary representation within the organisation.

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RIVERBANK TRUST

Annual Report of the Trustees For the year ended 31 March 2022

7. Responsibilities of Trustees for the Financial Statements

The Trustees are responsible for preparing the report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. Charity law in England and Wales requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Charity and of the incoming resources and application of resources of the Charity for that period.

In preparing those financial statements, the Trustees are required to:

The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Charity and enables them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Charity (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 and the provisions of the governing document.

The Trustees are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The Trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the Charity and financial information included in the Charity’s website.

8. Approval

The report of the Trustees was approved by the Trustees on 15 December 2022 and signed on its behalf by:

Mark Johnston Trustee

10

RIVERBANK TRUST

Report of the Independent Examiner to the Trustees of Riverbank Trust

I report on the accounts of the Riverbank Trust for the year ended 31 March 2022, set out on pages 12 to 18.

Respective responsibilities of trustees and examiner

The trustees (who are also the directors of the company for the purposes of company law) are responsible for the preparation of the accounts. The trustees consider that an audit is not required for this year under section 144(2) of the Charities Act 2011 (the 2011 Act) and that an independent examination is needed. The charity is required by company law to prepare accrued accounts and I am qualified to undertake the examination by being a qualified member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.

Having satisfied myself that the charity is not subject to audit under company law and is eligible for independent examination, it is my responsibility to:

Basis of independent examiner's report

My examination was carried out in accordance with the general Directions given by the Charity Commission. An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and a comparison of the accounts presented with those records. It also includes consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and seeking explanations from you as trustees concerning any such matters. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would be required in an audit and consequently no opinion is given as to whether the accounts present a 'true and fair view' and the report is limited to those matters set out in the statement below.

Independent examiner's statement

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe:

  1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the Company as required by section 386 of the 2006 Act; or

  2. the accounts do not accord with those records; or

  3. the accounts do not comply with the accounting requirements of section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a ‘true and fair view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination; or

  4. the accounts have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities [applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)].

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

John Helm ACA 15 December 2022

11

RIVERBANK TRUST

Statement of Financial Activities (incorporating the income and expenditure account) For the year ended 31 March 2022

Note
Income from:
2
Donations and legacies
Charitable activities
Investments
Total Income
Expenditure on:
3
Raising funds
Charitable activities
Total Expenditure
Net (expenditure)/income
before tax
Tax payable
4

Net (expenditure)/income
after tax

Net movement in funds
Total funds brought forward

Total funds carried forward
Unrestricted
Funds
2022
£

102,721
-
4
Restricted
Funds
2022
£
71,490
-
-
71,490
-
57,871
57,871
13,619
-
13,619
13,619
30,075
43,694
Unrestricted
Funds
2021
£
121,781
-
48



Restricted
Funds
2021
£
57,189
-
-
57,189
-
44,260
44,260
12,929
-
12,929
12,929
17,146
30,075
Total
2021
£
178,970
-
48
Total
2022
£
174,211
-
4
102,725 121,829 179,018
174,215
19,558
81,312
100,870
1,855
-
1,855
1,855
24,885
26,740
6,240
110,159
6,240
154,419
19,558
139,183
116,399 160,659
158,741
5,430
-
18,359
-
15,474
-
5,430 18,359
15,474
5,430
19,455
18,359
36,601
15,474
54,960
24,885 54,960
70,434

12

RIVERBANK TRUST

Balance Sheet As at 31 March 2022

Note
Current Assets
Debtors
5
Cash at Bank and in Hand
Creditors - Amounts Falling Due
Within One Year
6
Net Current Assets
Net Assets
Represented By:
Restricted Income Funds
7
Unrestricted Income Funds
Total Funds
Unrestricted
Funds
2022
£
5,524
21,756
27,280
540
26,740
26,740
-
26,740
26,740
Restricted
Funds
2022
£
-
43,694
43,694
-
43,694
43,694
43,694
-
43,694
Total Funds Total Funds
2022 2021
£ £
5,524 4,965
65,450 50,577
70,974 55,542
540 582
70,434 54,960
70,434 54,960
43,694 30,075
26,740 24,885
70,434 54,960

For the financial year ended 31 March 2022 the company was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 and no notice has been deposited under section 476.

The Trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for:

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime within Part 15 of the Companies Act 2006 and with the Financial Reporting Standard for Smaller Entities (effective April 2008). They were approved by the Trustees on 15 December 2022 and signed on their behalf by:

Mark Johnston

Company Registration Number: 7548705

13

Notes to the Financial Statements For the year ended 31 March 2022

RIVERBANK TRUST

1. Accounting Policies

The principal accounting policies adopted, judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty in the preparation of the financial statements are as follows:

Basis of accounting

The financial statements have been prepared under the Charities Act 2011, the Companies Act 2006 and in accordance with the Charities Statement of Recommended Practice (Charities SORP (FRS 102)) and Financial Reporting Standard 102 (FRS 102). The financial statements are drawn up on the historical cost basis of accounting.

The Charity meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102.

Going Concern

There are no material uncertainties about the charity’s ability to continue as a going concern and accordingly the accounts have been drawn up on a going concern basis.

Income recognition

Voluntary income and donations (including legacies) are accounted for once the Charity has entitlement to the income, it is probable the income will be received and the amount of income receivable can be reliably measured. Income from the recovery of tax on gift aided donations is accounted for in the period to which the relevant donation is received. Grant income is recognised on a receivable basis.

Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the Charity; this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the bank.

Expenditure recognition

Expenditure is accrued as soon as a liability is considered probable, and the amount of obligation can be measured reliably. Longer term liabilities are discounted to present value. The Charity is not registered for VAT and accordingly expenditure includes VAT where appropriate.

Expenditure included in Raising Funds includes amounts incurred in obtaining grants and other donations.

Charitable expenditure includes those costs in fulfilling the Charity’s principal objects, as outlined in the Report of the Trustees. Charitable expenditure includes governance costs and an apportionment of support costs. Governance costs comprise all costs involving the public accountability of the Charity and its compliance with regulation and good practice. These costs include costs related to the independent examination and legal fees.

Tangible Fixed Assets

Small capital items (under £1,000 each) are written off in the year of purchase.

Debtors

Debtors are included at the settlement amount due. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid.

Cash at bank and in hand

Cash at bank and in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of opening of the deposit.

Creditors and provisions

Creditors and provisions are recognised where the charity has a present obligation arising from a past event that will probably result in the transfer of funds to a third party and the amount due to settle the obligation can be measured or estimated reliably. Creditors and provisions are recognised at their settlement amount.

14

RIVERBANK TRUST

Notes to the Financial Statements For the year ended 31 March 2022

1. Accounting Policies (continued)

Fund accounting

The funds held by the charity are either:

2. Income

Unrestricted
Funds
2022
£
Restricted
Funds
2022
£
Donations & legacies
Donations
74,818
Income tax reclaimed
3,511
-
Grants
24,392
71,490
102,721
71,490
Charitable activities
Work in schools
-
-
Investments
Bank Interest
4
-
102,725
71,490
Total
2021
£
70,006
6,415
102,549
Total
2022
£
74,818
3,511
95,882
178,970
-
48
174,211
-
4
179,018
174,215

Grants includes £nil (2021 - £19,950) from London Borough of Richmond-upon-Thames and £1,106 (2021 - £16,221) from the Government (Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme).

3. Expenditure

3a. Expenditure on Raising Funds

3a. Expenditure on Raising Funds
Fundraising Staff costs
2022
£
Other costs
2022
£
19,408
150
Total Total
2022 2021
£ £
19,558 6,240

15

RIVERBANK TRUST

Notes to the Financial Statements For the year ended 31 March 2022

3. Expenditure (continued)

3b. Expenditure on Charitable activities

Support work
Governance costs
Staff costs
2022
£
Other costs
2022
£
116,575
22,008
-
600
116,575
22,608
Total Total
2022 2021
£ £
138,583 153,939
600 480
154,419
139,183

3c. Staff Costs

Included within Expenditure on Charitable Activities are the following staff costs:
Gross salaries
Social security costs
Pension contributions
Employer’s Annual Allowance
Of which: gross salaries and benefits paid to Key Management Personnel:
The average number of employees during the year:
Full time workers
Part time workers
2022 2021
£ £
128,208 120,112
7,929 7,616
3,846 3,458
(4,000) (4,000)
135,983 127,186
22,764 29,777
Number Number
- -
8 8
8 8

No employee received payments in excess of £60,000 during the year. Trustees are not paid a salary or expenses.

4. Taxation

As a charity, Riverbank Trust is exempt from tax on income and gains falling within the provisions of the Corporation Taxes Act 2010 or the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 to the extent that these are applied to its charitable objects. No tax charges have arisen on the Charity.

16

RIVERBANK TRUST

Notes to the Financial Statements For the year ended 31 March 2022

5. Debtors

Gift Aid Tax receivable
Prepayments and accrued income
Other debtors
2022 2021
£ £
3,511 2,476
513 989
1,500 1,500
5,524 4,965

6. Creditors - Amounts Falling Due Within One Year

Accruals 2022 2021
£ £
540 582

7. Restricted Funds

Schools and Community Work
Community Sponsorship
Beneficiary Support and Other
At 1
April
2021
£
19,028
1,575
9,472
30,075
Income
£
Expenditure
£
Transfers
£
65,990
(50,831)
-
-
(602)
-
5,500
(6,438)
-
71,490
(57,871)
0
Income
£
Expenditure
£
Transfers
£
65,990
(50,831)
-
-
(602)
-
5,500
(6,438)
-
71,490
(57,871)
0
Income
£
Expenditure
£
Transfers
£
65,990
(50,831)
-
-
(602)
-
5,500
(6,438)
-
71,490
(57,871)
0
Income
£
Expenditure
£
Transfers
£
65,990
(50,831)
-
-
(602)
-
5,500
(6,438)
-
71,490
(57,871)
0
Gains/
(losses)
£
-
-
-
0
At 31
March
2022
£
34,187
973
8,534
43,694

Schools and Community Work Fund: funds received to support the activities of the Charity in schools and the community.

Community Sponsorship Project: funds received in support of the Charity’s support for a Syrian family.

Beneficiary Support and Other: funds received for the support of Charity beneficiaries and for other projects.

Restricted income includes the following grants: £59,790 (2021 - £24,750) received from Richmond Parish Lands Charity; £8,700 (2021 – £7,500) from The Hampton Fund; and £nil (2021 - £19,950) from London Borough of Richmond-upon-Thames.

17

Notes to the Financial Statements For the year ended 31 March 2022

RIVERBANK TRUST

8. Related Party Transactions

Mark Johnston, a Trustee, is also a member of the PCC of Holy Trinity and Christ Church Richmond which donated £11,300 (2021: £7,700) to the Charity. The Charity made payments to Holy Trinity and Christ Church Richmond of £nil (2021: £210) in respect of purchases during the year.

The Charity’s key management employees received gross remuneration of £22,764 (2021: £29,777).

The aggregate unrestricted donations made by Trustees to the Charity were £35,823 (2021: £26,750).

10. Members’ Funds

The Charity is a company limited by guarantee without a share capital. Instead of a share capital, each member guarantees to pay not more than £10 in the event of the company's liquidation. The amount of the members' guarantee represents a contingent asset to the company which will crystallise only if the company goes into liquidation. As the company is a going concern, the members have no obligation to pay the sum guaranteed.

18