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← Progress Educational Trust

2024-03-31-accounts

REGISTERED COMPANY NUMBER: 07405980 (England and Wales) REGISTERED CHARITY NUMBER: 1139856

Report of the Trustees and

Unaudited Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 March 2024

for

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST

Melinek Fine LLP Chartered Accountants First Floor, Winston House 349 Regents Park Road London N3 1DH

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST

Contents of the Financial Statements FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

Page
Report of the Trustees 1
Independent Examiner's Report 22
Statement of Financial Activities 23
Balance Sheet 24
Notes to the Financial Statements 25 to 28

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

The accounts have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in note 1 to the accounts and comply with the charitable company's governing document, the Companies Act 2006 and 'Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)' (effective 1 January 2015 and as amended for accounting periods commencing from 1 January 2019).

1. OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

The charity's objective is to advance the education of the public in general (and in particular among those concerned with genetic conditions and infertility) in the fields of human genetics, assisted conception and embryology, including their ethical and regulatory aspects.

The Trustees review the aims, objectives and activities of the Progress Educational Trust (PET) each year. The three strategic objectives identified by the trustees are

PET uses its three key areas of work (BioNews, events and engagement) to deliver these objectives. There is a rolling evaluation of how the charity’s activities fulfil these objectives at both Trustees' and Advisory Committee meetings.

In carrying out their review, the Trustees have referred to the Charity Commission's general guidance on public benefit and, in particular, its supplementary public benefit guidance on the advancement of education. The Trustees also judge how planned activities will contribute to the objects of the charity.

2. MISSION, STRATEGIES AND PUBLIC BENEFITS

The vision of PET is to improve choices for people affected by infertility or genetic conditions. The mission of PET is to educate and to debate the responsible application of reproductive and genetic science.

PET has continued to realise its vision and pursue its mission through the publication of BioNews, and through public events including an Annual Conference. BioNews – which is free of subscription charges – has a wide international readership, estimated to be in the region of 18,000.

PET engages with a wide range of age and interest groups, and educates the public about the complex scientific, ethical, legal and social issues that arise from genetics, genomics, assisted conception and embryo/stem cell research. PET public events are mostly free of charge, and are supported by donations, sponsorship or grant funding. Where a charge is made – for example, at the PET Annual Conference – concessions are offered for students, pensioners and those on benefits. All PET public events are widely advertised, so as to attract a large and diverse audience. 1,487 people attended PET events during this audit period.

PET collaborates with a wide range of organisations, in order to reach a more diverse audience and draw upon expertise. PET also works extensively with the media and other interested parties. The charity continues to be highly influential, and is regarded as a leading source of information and expertise on genetics, genomics, assisted conception and embryo/stem cell research.

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

PET maintains strong links with both the UK Government and the Scottish Government. Outside the UK, PET engages with a wide range of organisations and institutions including the World Health Organisation (WHO), the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), the International Society for Stem Cell Research, and the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health.

PET works in partnership with other organisations and institutions, leading projects that develop new approaches to policy, practice and research. Two such projects were launched during this audit period, while a third was launched towards the end of the previous financial year. The three projects are as follows.

This project is led by Professor Manuela Perrotta (Professor of Sociology of Technology and Organisation at Queen Mary University of London) together with Sarah Norcross (Director of PET), and is funded by the British Academy.

The project concerns 'add-ons' to IVF – optional treatments, technologies or procedures offered alongside IVF (often at considerable expense to patients), which may not be supported by reliable evidence. With involvement from patients, clinics, regulators and others, the project is developing proposals to address key challenges raised by IVF addons. The project is also developing a toolkit for use by patient and professional associations, clinics and regulators.

This project is coordinated by Christina Rozeik (Programme Manager at Cambridge Reproduction) together with Sandy Starr (Deputy Director of PET), and is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and by the University of Cambridge.

The project concerns stem-cell-based embryo models (SCBEMs) – multicellular structures that resemble human embryos in some respects, but are created from stem cells rather than from eggs and sperm, and that can therefore pose a challenge to established scientific categories and regulatory arrangements. With an interdisciplinary working group of experts drawn from institutions across the UK, the project is developing the first governance framework for research involving SCBEMs.

This project's Principal Investigator is Professor Cathy Herbrand (Professor of Medical and Family Sociology at De Montfort University), who is leading the project in collaboration with fellow researchers and in partnership with PET (represented by the charity's Director, Sarah Norcross).

The project concerns expanded carrier screening (ECS) - an approach to testing and risk profiling in which prospective parents, and/or gamete donors, are tested before conception to see whether they unknowingly carry gene variants that could potentially lead to ill health in future children. The project explores ethical, practical and sociological questions raised by the growing use of this approach.

PET also shares its expertise by working with and serving on bodies including the following.

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

The PET Director is a Trustee of the BFS, and is also Chair of this organisation's Special Interest Group on Law, Policy and Ethics.

The PET Director is a member of this Group, which brings representatives of Scotland's four NHS assisted conception units together with other NHS, patient and policy representatives.

The PET Deputy Director is a member of two of these groups, which have published the clinical practice guidance documents Ethical Issues in Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis and Prenatal Diagnosis and Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Germline Cancer Susceptibility Gene Variants .

The PET Director is a member of this Working Group, which has developed good practice recommendations for the use of add-ons in reproductive medicine.

PET collaborates on outreach and engagement aspects of these landmark initiatives, producing events where professionals and the public discuss the implications of sequencing the whole genomes of newborn babies.

PET works with this large-scale research initiative, advising and training on ethical, legal and social issues and on public communication and engagement.

PET continues to write regular articles for this Programme's website, improving understanding of genomics among England's health workforce.

The PET Director serves on this Board, advising the University of Cambridge's reproduction-focused strategic research initiative.

In addition to these roles, PET advises on and assists with other projects, including the following.

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

This project is led by Lancaster University and the University of Sheffield.

This project is led by Professor Lucy Frith at the University of Manchester.

This project is led jointly by artist Anna Dumitriu and author (and former PET/BioNews Science Editor) Dr Marieke Bigg, together with the Human Developmental Biology Initiative and the Gurdon Institute.

Besides the organisations and institutions mentioned above, PET enjoys excellent relationships with other professional bodies such as the Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists (ARCS), the British Infertility Counselling Association, the Senior Infertility Nurse Group, and the Society for Reproduction and Fertility (SRF).

PET also continues to enjoy excellent relationships with charities and organisations supporting patients, families and those involved in or affected by donor conception, including the following.

The work of PET remains vital to these and other organisations, with PET acting as a hub for policy discussion and ensuring that people affected by the issues in its remit – together with their families, carers and advocates – are kept up to date with the latest developments.

3. ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE

The Power of Three IVF Cycles

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

Following the substantial impact of the wide-ranging PET report Fertility, Genomics and Embryo Research: Public Attitudes and Understanding during the previous financial year, the charity decided to commission follow-up research. As before, this work was sponsored by the pharmaceutical company Ferring.

The Fertility, Genomics and Embryo Research report showed widespread public support for the provision of NHS-funded fertility treatment to people who are infertile and wish to conceive. This is consistent with the Fertility Guideline published by the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). However, PET was struck by the following observations.

In order to better understand this situation, PET commissioned research specialists 2CV to assess levels of knowledge – concerning fertility services, IVF treatment, and specifically the IVF cycle – among GPs and NHS Commissioners in England.

2CV interviewed 194 GPs and six NHS Commissioners, across 40 out of 42 English ICS/ICB regions. The findings were published by PET in a report entitled The Power of Three IVF Cycles .

This report showed that knowledge of referral and eligibility criteria for IVF treatment among GPs and Commissioners, and understanding of completion points for IVF treatment, are at odds with the NICE Fertility Guideline. This incongruity is liable to result in poorer outcomes for fertility patients. Key findings of the report include the following.

These findings were reported in the Guardian newspaper which quoted the PET Director describing 'utter confusion over the current NICE fertility guideline' . The same article quoted the Chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners, who responded to the report by saying: 'It is clear from this survey that the complexity of fertility treatment pathways across the country, and how this relates to NICE guidance, can cause confusion, both amongst GPs and patients.'

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

PET in the media

PET enjoyed a significant media profile throughout the year, making appearances across the national and international print, broadcast and online media. This included the following.

Media outlets that featured PET during the audit period included the following.

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PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

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PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

Web traffic

Between 1 April 2023 and 31 March 2024, there were 131,422 unique user visits (up 17.5%) to the PET website, with an average engagement time of 1m 17s. Nearly 70% of the users were acquired from organic search, 6% from email and 5% from social channels.

The international profile of PET continues to flourish, with visits from 208 countries as recorded by Google Analytics. A total of 52% of web traffic comes from within the UK (up 3%), and 18% of web traffic comes from the USA. The remaining 30% of web traffic is geographically diverse, with the leading contributors being Australia (accounting for 4% of traffic) and Canada (accounting for 3% of traffic) followed by India and Ireland (each accounting for 2% of traffic).

The PET website also enables PET to attract and engage with new volunteers, through a dedicated online form. 32 applications to volunteer were received via this form during the audit period.

BioNews

BioNews – the flagship publication of PET – published to schedule throughout the audit period. BioNews content included a wide range of news articles, comment pieces, event synopses and reviews.

The top five most viewed BioNews articles published during the audit period were as follows.

  1. News: CooperSurgical sued over recalled IVF culture medium (January 2024) https://www.progress.org.uk/coopersurgical-sued-over-recalled-ivf-culture-medium/

  2. Comment: Landmark ruling for donor-conceived people regarding DNA-testing of gamete donors (October 2023) https://www.progress.org.uk/landmark-ruling-for-donor-conceived-people-regarding-dnatesting-of-gamete-donors/

  3. Comment: How fast is too fast? Innovation in IVF and the burden of proof (July 2023) https://www.progress.org.uk/how-fast-is-too-fast-innovation-in-ivf-and-the-burden-of-proof/

  4. News: Eight arrested in Crete over surrogacy and IVF fraud (August 2023) https://www.progress.org.uk/eight-arrested-in-crete-over-surrogacy-and-ivf-fraud/

  5. 8 -

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

  1. Comment: Law Commissions' proposals won't achieve surrogacy modernisation (April 2023) https://www.progress.org.uk/law-commissions-proposals-wont-achieve-surrogacymodernisation/

BioNews Writing Scheme

During 2023-2024, seven students from University College London (UCL) and two from the University of Kent successfully participated in the BioNews Writing Scheme. They all provided positive feedback, and most of them went on to join the regular pool of volunteer BioNews writers.

Feedback from these students included the following.

PET keeps in contact with those who have completed the scheme, monitoring and encouraging the development of their careers. Most of these writers go on to become regular contributors to BioNews, and many of them also go on to work for prominent organisations in areas of relevance to PET.

Events

PET produced 11 public events during the audit period, five of which focused on law and regulation (in relation to surrogacy, gamete donation, 'add-ons' to IVF treatment, and fertility and embryo research in general). Of the remaining events, three concerned policy and funding (in relation to fertility treatment, the NICE Fertility Guideline, and the Women's Health Strategy published the previous year by the UK Government) while three concerned the way fertility-related healthcare is practised (in relation to counselling, welfare issues, and ongoing use of innovations introduced during the global COVID-19 pandemic).

All but one of the events produced during the audit period were held online. Having initially moved all of its events online in response to the COVID pandemic, PET discovered that a significant number of attendees found online meetings more convenient and therefore preferable. Additionally, audiences at PET events became much more geographically diverse following the move online, both within the UK and in terms of international attendees across the world.

All of that said, the one PET event held in person during the audit period – Fertility Treatment for Single People: Who Should Pay? , which took place at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh – offered a welcome opportunity to return to some of the unique advantages afforded by in-person events (such as face-to-face networking and an atmospheric setting).

The 2023 PET Annual Conference was also due to be held in person, but due to the announcement of UK rail strikes (which would have prevented many of the speakers, organisers and delegates from reaching the conference venue) the conference had to be moved online at only two weeks' notice. This was a very difficult decision, both logistically and financially, as unfortunately PET was still liable for the cost of the conference venue. However, the move online

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

was achieved successfully, and PET remains hopeful that it can hold its next Annual Conference in person.

PET draws upon a large and diverse circle of contacts when assembling speaker panels for its events. PET also seeks recommendations for speakers outside its orbit, in order to add further diversity and grow its circle of contacts. The charity's reputation helps to attract participation from speakers who are well known and highly regarded.

Prior to moving its events online, PET could only feature international speakers if sufficient sponsorship was secured, or if an event happened to coincide with a speaker's visit to the UK. Online, by contrast, the only major impediment to participating in PET events from anywhere in the world is time differences (if the event happens to take place at an unsociable local hour).

PET events during the audit period featured speakers who were based in Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and the USA. Events were attended by people from 45 non-UK countries – Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Kenya, Lebanon, Malta, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the USA.

Of the 11 events held during the audit period, 10 were free to attend and were chaired by Sarah Norcross. These events were subsequently made available in the following formats.

The 10 free-to-attend events held during the audit period were as follows.

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/surrogacy-law-what-is-intended-for-parents-forsurrogates-for-children/

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/episode/surrogacy-law-what-is-intended-for-parents-forsurrogates-for-children--53622893

Film: https://youtu.be/KO1F-2kxZw0

Speakers: Professor Melanie Davies, Professor Dame Clare Gerada, Dr Catherine Hill, Steve McCabe MP, Penny Mitchell, Sarah Norcross, Dr Chris Skedgel

Sponsor: Ferring Pharmaceuticals

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/nhs-fertility-treatment-wouldnt-it-be-nice-to-have-aworkable-guideline/

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/episode/nhs-fertility-treatment-wouldn-t-it-be-nice-to-have-aworkable-guideline--54246532

Film: https://youtu.be/lmpSQmcU4wA

Speakers: Professor Jacky Boivin, Alison McTavish, Lee Noquet, Angela Park

Sponsor: Scottish Government

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/counselling-and-assisted-reproduction-when-whyand-by-whom-should-it-be-offered/

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/episode/counselling-and-assisted-reproduction-when-whyand-by-whom-should-it-be-offered--54569879

Speakers: Nickie Aiken MP, Isaac Barnswell, Dr Raj Mathur, Professor Geeta Nargund, Laura-Rose Thorogood

Sponsors: British Fertility Society, Merck

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/the-womens-health-strategy-one-year-on/

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/episode/the-women-s-health-strategy--56227648

Film: https://youtu.be/p58yqNu35kc

Speakers: Dr Ben Hurlbut, Saghar Kasiri, Hayley King, Nayla Tohme

Sponsors: Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists, British Fertility Society

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/small-change-is-it-time-to-reconsidercompensation-for-gamete-donors/

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/episode/small-change-is-it-time-to-reconsider-compensationfor-gamete-donors--56958547

Speakers: Nina Barnsley, Laura Bridgens, Rachel Cutting, Rebekah Dundas

Sponsor: Scottish Government

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/opening-the-register-how-to-handle-disclosure-ofgamete-donor-information/

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/episode/opening-the-register-how-to-handle-disclosure-ofgamete-donor-information--57061708

Film: https://youtu.be/ybofqd8un4w

Speakers: Lesley Benzie, Alison Elliot, Ciara Heatherwick, Dr Ashleigh Holt-Kentwell, George Hughes, Dave Wales

Sponsor: Scottish Government

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/innovation-from-the-pandemic-from-videoappointments-to-electronic-consent/

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/episode/innovation-from-the-pandemic-from-videoappointments-to-electronic-consent--57346857

Speakers: Dr Alan Brown, Dr Catherine Jones, Dr Sarah Martins da Silva, Professor Guido Pennings

Sponsor: Scottish Government

BioNews article: www.spreaker.com/episode/fertility-treatment-for-single-people-whoshould-pay--58395659

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/user/16947315/your-guide-to-genetics-and-genomics-in-t

Film: https://youtu.be/UomZFUY8mtQ

Speakers: Dr Tasha Alden, Dr Tim Child, Professor Joyce Harper, Tracey Sainsbury, Dr Ippokratis Sarris

Sponsor: British Fertility Society

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/ivf-add-ons-how-should-we-score-the-hfeas-new- ratings system/

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/episode/ivf-add-ons-how-should-we-score-the-hfea-s-newratings-system--58701167

Speakers: Professor Abha Maheshwari, Nicole McKeith, Ruth Phillips, Dr Susheel Vani

Sponsor: Scottish Government

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/welfare-of-the-fertility-patient-spotting-signs-andtreatment-after-trauma/

Podcast: www.spreaker.com/episode/welfare-of-the-fertility-patient-spotting-signs-andtreatment-after-trauma--59135994

As well as its free-to-attend public events, PET also held its Annual Conference – for which there is an attendance fee – on 6 December 2023. This year's conference was entitled How Much Change Do We Want? Updating Fertility, Embryo and Surrogacy Law , and explored prospects for law reform in light of the latest scientific, social and political developments.

The five conference sessions were as follows. Each session was the subject of a summary article published in BioNews.

Speakers: Professor Peter Braude

Chair: Sarah Norcross

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/how-did-we-get-here-the-story-of-the-statute/

Speakers: Julia Chain, Dr Rachel Gregoire, Dr Peter Rugg-Gunn, Ephia Yasmin Chair: Sarah Norcross

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/where-do-we-go-next-the-case-for-change/

Speakers: Dr Kirsten Tryde Macklon, Dr Hafez Ismaili M'hamdi, Professor Anja Bisgaard Pinborg

Chair: Professor Joyce Harper

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/challenges-and-changes-whats-happening-acrosseurope/

Chair: Andrew Spearman

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/looking-to-the-law-in-the-clinic-in-the-lab-in-thecourt/

Speakers: Dr John Appleby, Dr Sarah Chan, Professor Bobbie Farsides, Professor Susan Golombok

Chair: Danielle Hamm

BioNews article: www.progress.org.uk/adapting-to-change-is-agreement-possible/

The conference was sponsored by the Anne McLaren Memorial Trust Fund, the Edwards and Steptoe Research Trust Fund, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, Hertility, Born Donor Bank, Carrot Fertility, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Theramex, the Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists, and the Institute of Medical Ethics.

Conference attendees who completed evaluation forms provided the following feedback.

Freeform comments from conference attendees included the following.

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

Campaigning

PET has long campaigned for more equitable public funding of fertility treatment and an end to the IVF 'postcode lottery'. During this financial year, such campaigning was refocused around the PET report The Power of Three IVF Cycles , and the report's core finding that crucial parts of the NICE Fertility Guideline are poorly understood by health professionals.

PET created a set of accompanying Power of Three campaign materials, including leaflets and guides to writing to one's MP about the issue. These materials were launched at the PET exhibition stand at the Fertility Show in London, an annual event attended by thousands of members of the public who face difficulty in conceiving a child. The event provides PET with an opportunity to speak to fertility patients face-to-face, and to offer these patients an alternative to information provided by exhibitors whose focus is more commercial.

Parliamentary work

PET had a high profile in the UK Parliament during the audit period, particularly in relation to the issue of fertility funding. In September 2023, PET organised a drop-in session in Parliament to discuss this topic with MPs. The session was hosted by Andrew Percy (Conservative MP for Brigg and Goole) and was attended by a cross-party selection of MPs including Alex Davies-Jones (Labour MP for Pontypridd), Flick Drummond (Conservative MP for Meon Valley) and Wera Hobhouse (Liberal Democrat MP for Bath).

This drop-in session was followed in October 2023 by debate on IVF provision in the House of Commons, and the PET Power of Three IVF Cycles report was listed and linked to in a debate pack for MPs published beforehand by the House of Commons Library. During the Commons debate, PET was referred to specifically - and the importance of the charity's work was acknowledged - by Hannah Bardell (Scottish National Party MP for Livingston), Alex Davies-Jones (Labour MP for Pontypridd) and Kate Osborne (Labour MP for Jarrow and Gateshead East).

PET ' s work on fertility funding also attracted the attention of the House of Lords during the audit period. Baroness Meral Hussein-Ece (Liberal Democrat Peer and Co-Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health) discussed PET and the Power of Three IVF Cycles report in an article she wrote for the policy publication Chamber .

PET also attended a Parliamentary Links Day held by the Royal Society of Biology, introduced by George Freeman (Minister for Science, Research and Innovation) and Chi Onwurah (Shadow Minister for Science, Research and Innovation), where the PET Deputy Director discussed policy challenges surrounding SCBEMs in a contribution from the floor. The PET Deputy Director went on to serve as an external reviewer for the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology report Human Stem-Cell-Based Embryo Models .

Other UK policy work

The main UK law governing fertility treatment and embryo research is the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (HFE) Act, which was originally passed in 1990 and was last given a thorough update in 2008. A separate UK law that governs surrogacy, the Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985, has never been given a thoroughgoing update.

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

There are many respects in which these two laws fail to meet the present-day needs of patients, practitioners, researchers, regulators and others. The case for reform of these laws and related regulation was the focus of the 2023 PET Annual Conference – hence the conference title How Much Change Do We Want? Updating Fertility, Embryo and Surrogacy Law - and was also addressed by much of the charity's other work during the audit period.

During the previous financial year, PET had begun drafting a comprehensive response to a consultation on HFE Act reform by the UK's fertility regulator, the HFEA. During this financial year, PET completed and submitted its response, addressing each of the four areas covered by the consultation – 'Patient safety and promoting good practice', 'Access to donor information', 'Consent' and 'Scientific developments' – in considerable detail.

Meanwhile, the PET Director also helped the BFS to develop its own response to the HFEA's consultation, in her capacity as Chair of that organisation's Special Interest Group on Law, Policy and Ethics. These consultation responses by PET and the BFS will serve as important reference points in ongoing work on policy and law reform.

In a related development, it was revealed during the audit period that at least one child with donated mitochondria had been born in the UK. This was significant news for PET, which had previously campaigned - alongside fellow charity the Lily Foundation – for the use of mitochondrial donation to be permitted in treatment. That campaign was successful, resulting in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulations 2015 being passed into law.

The news that there had been a birth following mitochondrial donation was initially broken in an article by the Guardian newspaper. This article quoted the PET Director calling for people to 'respect the privacy of children with donated mitochondria, and their parents, not least because these parents are likely to have had prior experience of illness and bereavement in their family'.

The PET Director was subsequently interviewed on this matter on the Today programme on BBC Radio 4, and across the broadcast media. ITV News sent an interviewer and camera crew to the PET office to conduct its interview, while Sky News interviewed the PET Director alongside the Principal Investigator of the PRECAS project. Meanwhile, the PET Chair of Trustees and the PET Deputy Director both spoke at an in-person media briefing about the issue held by the Science Media Centre (SMC).

Separately, the PET Deputy Director spoke at an SMC briefing to launch the PET-led G-SCBEM project. The PET Deputy Director also participated in a policy workshop held in Cambridge by the Centre for Science and Policy, to inform the work of G-SCBEM. Other participants in the Cambridge workshop included representatives of the WHO, the HFEA, the Health Research Authority and the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.

International policy work

The highest-profile development in international policy of relevance to PET during the audit period was a ruling by the Supreme Court of the US state of Alabama, to the effect that cryopreserved embryos have the same legal status as children in that state. The PET Director was interviewed on TV by BBC News , discussing the implications of the ruling.

The Alabama ruling has far-reaching ramifications for US fertility clinics and embryo storage facilities, as it effectively precludes IVF as currently practised. The ruling also serves as a reminder that no country can afford to take reproductive freedoms for granted, and illustrates the need to make proactive public arguments for the merits of assisted conception.

Meanwhile, the audit period also saw the publication of ESHRE's Good Practice Recommendations on Add-Ons in Reproductive Medicine , published in the journal Human

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

Reproduction . These 42 recommendations – which were co-authored by the PET Director, and are intended for international use – concern the use of 'add-ons' in diagnosis of fertility problems, in laboratories, and in the clinical management of IVF treatment.

Public speaking and exhibiting

In addition to producing its own events, PET also made many contributions to events held by others during the audit period. This included the PET Director presenting the charity's work at the Annual Conference of ESHRE in Copenhagen, and at the Fertility 2024 conference held jointly by ARCS, the BFS and the SRF in Edinburgh.

At the ESHRE conference, the PET Director gave a presentation entitled A Quantitative Investigation into UK Public Attitudes towards Embryo Research and the 14-Day Rule , discussing the findings of the previous year's Fertility, Genomics and Embryo Research report. At the Fertility 2024 conference, the PET Director gave a poster presentation entitled Holding the Gate Shut? How GPs' Understanding of the NICE Guideline May Be a Barrier to Accessing IVF Treatment , discussing the findings of the Power of Three IVF Cycles report.

Meanwhile, the PET Deputy Director gave two public presentations about the PET-led G-SCBEM project. The first of these presentations was given in Cambridge, at an event showcasing research projects related to reproduction and development. The second of these presentations was given at the Science Museum in London, at an event chaired by the award-winning science writer Dr Philip Ball, and was followed by a roundtable discussion with other experts.

The Science Museum event coincided with an exhibition held by PET at the same venue, as part of the 'Lates' programme which sees visitors explore the museum after usual visiting hours. For this exhibition, PET created special materials explaining the science and exploring the ethics of embryo research, with a focus on the '14-day rule' that only permits human embryos to be cultured and studied in the laboratory for a maximum of 14 days from fertilisation. PET staff and volunteers talked through the materials with museum visitors, encouraging people to reflect on the case for and against extending the 14-day limit.

Finally, the PET Deputy Director gave two filmed presentations marking significant anniversaries during the audit period. First, he gave a TEDx talk entitled From Genomic Data to Genomic Knowledge at Royal Holloway, University of London. This talk marked the 70th anniversary of the discovery of DNA's double helix structure, and also marked the 20th anniversary of the completion of the Human Genome Project.

The PET Deputy Director then gave an extended lecture entitled The First Transhumanist? Haldane's 'Daedalus' 100 Years On , for an event held in Bedfordshire by the charity Ideas Matter. This lecture explored the life and legacy of JBS Haldane, who at one time was the best-known scientist in Britain, and who pioneered the idea of IVF in his 1923 lecture and book Daedalus .

Social media

During the audit period, PET continued to share its events programme, BioNews articles and other material on various social media platforms.

The main objectives of the charity's social media presence are as follows.

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

All PET social media platforms have seen growth in followers during the audit period, through organic growth only. The level of growth varies considerably between platforms and achieving previous reach levels organically is becoming increasingly challenging. The main social media channels used by PET are Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, YouTube, Spreaker and RSS. PET added Threads to their list of social platforms in August 2023. As the social media platforms become increasingly competitive there is more need for greater levels of production quality/ animations for content.

X (Twitter)

This remains the most widely followed social platform for PET, with 7,044 followers (up from 6,922 a growth of just 2%). The performance metrics on X accessed without payment is now limited but a comparison of average rates using the data available shows a significant fall in organic impressions, down from a monthly average of 36K to 26K, a drop of 28%. Average engagement rates for the early part of the audit period and for which we can access data were holding at 2.5%.

Facebook

During this audit period, Facebook metrics also showed a fall in average month reach figures (down from 1490 to 1182, a drop of 21%. Follower growth was 2% for the period, up from 1,829 to 1,863 (platform metrics restated early in period).

Instagram

During the audit period, Instagram followers grew by 27% to 916. This platform continues to offer potential for organic growth. During the audit period engagement also showed an increase. Like all platforms reach fell as the need to pay to ‘boost’ posts to achieve larger exposure increased.

LinkedIn

This platform is of growing importance to PET, due to its ability to grow organically and also the younger profile of its users, who find the platform helpful in relation to their professional roles. The PET LinkedIn page has seen 95% growth in its number of followers. The professional nature of the followers makes it a good fit for PET and one to increasingly focus on.

Threads

This is the newest platform for PET, the charity first posted on the 1 August 2023 and has 192 followers. Limited attention is currently given to this area.

YouTube

Users who subscribe to the PET YouTube channel are notified of the publication of new PET films directly via YouTube, instead of (or in addition to) seeing these films embedded in BioNews articles on the PET website. This is not actively promoted as there is greater value to PET if those who are interested engage through the website. During this audit period, subscribers to the PET YouTube channel remained static, 393 versus 391 at the previous audit.

Spreaker

Users who subscribe to the PET podcast via Spreaker, or via one of the many podcast platforms to which Spreaker is syndicated (these include Apple, Google, iHeart, Spotify and others), are notified of the publication of new PET podcasts directly, instead of (or in addition to) seeing these podcasts embedded in BioNews articles on the PET website.

RSS

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

PET makes BioNews articles available via an RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed on its website. This enables users to subscribe to the BioNews feed via an RSS reader, or alternatively enables other websites to embed the BioNews feed.

4. FINANCIAL REVIEW

Overview

Total income was £290,409 (2023: £270,969) which is an increase of 7.2% in comparison with the previous financial year. This is due to an increase in grant income received in the year; and this together with increased income from a busy year for conferences and events, and an increase in our consultancy work, outweighed the drop in income from sponsorship.

PET income from donations declined to £22,049 including gift aid (2023: £24,854).

Total expenditure, including support costs, amounted to £274,558 (2023: £258,106) which is an increase of 6.2% compared with the previous financial year. The main expenditure item continued to be staff costs which at £198,249 (2023: £172,817) accounted for 72% (2023: 67%) of total expenditure.

Net assets at the Balance Sheet date were £380,469 (2023: £364,618) and all funds held were unrestricted.

Future financial viability of the charity is dependent on the continued financial support of grant funding bodies, clients for the PET writing and training work, sponsors of their events, advertisers and private donors.

Future viability will also depend upon the many greatly valued Friends, Volunteers and Advisers, without whose support the charity could not survive.

Reserves policy

PET holds reserves for a number of purposes which include:

Trustees consider that, given current turnover and staffing, maintaining free reserves in the range between £100k and £250k makes adequate provision for these purposes.

This policy is reviewed by the Trustees on an annual basis.

The Trustees have assessed the major risks to which the charity is exposed, in particular those related to the operations and finance of the charity, and have developed a risk management strategy which involves:

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

5. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

During the next financial year, PET will do the following.

6. STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

The charity is a company limited by guarantee, incorporated on 13 October 2010, its predecessor charity of the same name having been originally established in May 1992 as an unincorporated charitable trust.

The charitable company is governed by its memorandum and articles of association and is managed by a board of Trustees who are the directors of the company and are appointed in accordance with the articles of association. The Trustees can appoint additional Trustees by invitation.

The articles of association state there must be a minimum number of Trustees in office of three and there is no maximum number.

The Trustees, who are directors of the company for the purposes of company law, and who served during the year were:

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

None of the Trustees has any beneficial interest in the company.

All Trustees are members of the company and guarantee to contribute the sum of £10 each in the event of a winding up.

All Trustees give freely of their time and no remuneration or benefits are paid to them.

During the audit period, £940 was paid in relation to an insurance policy that includes indemnity insurance for the Trustees.

All Trustees are kept up to date with ongoing developments in charity law and practice with appropriate training courses being considered if appropriate. It is the policy of the Trustees to provide new Trustees with all relevant information appertaining to the charity and its affairs upon induction in order that they can obtain a sufficient level of knowledge to enable them to perform their roles effectively.

The Trustees met three times during the year to provide additional support to the staff. The decisions of the Trustees are recorded by written minutes. The Trustees refer to the Advisory Committee set up to assist them on matters relating to the activities of the charity.

The Trustees have assessed the major risks to which the charity is exposed and are satisfied that systems are in place to mitigate exposure to those risks.

Advisory Committee

The Advisory Committee has a depth of skills and experience in genetics, embryology, assisted conception, stem cell research, clinical practice, media, education, information technology, marketing, business, commercial practices, law, medical ethics and charity management.

Peter Taylor (Trustee) chairs this committee. The Committee met once during the audit period.

Patron

The charity's Patron is Professor Marcus Pembrey, who is one of the founders of PET and was also a member of the charity's precursor organisation, the Progress Campaign for Research into Human Reproduction. He is Emeritus Professor of Paediatric Genetics at University College London's Institute of Child Health, and served as Chair of Trustees at PET for more than 20 years.

Staff

During the period the charity had up to seven employees at any one time, filling two full-time and six part-time positions.

Sarah Norcross (Director) manages the day-to-day operations of the charity, supported by Sandy Starr (Deputy Director).

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST TRUSTEES' REPORT (including the Directors' Report) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

Jennifer Willows continued in her roles as both Projects Officer and BioNews Legal Editor. Amanda Cooney continued as Marketing Manager.

Dr Joanne Delange continued as BioNews Genetics Editor and Hannah Flynn continued as BioNews Science Editor.

Dr Paige Linnell was recruited in March 2023, in the new post of Fundraising Manager. She left that post in June 2023. David Hill took over this role in October 2023.

Volunteers

PET is extremely grateful for the help of highly motivated and professional volunteers. Volunteer opportunities in the PET office were limited, but the audit period again saw many new volunteer applications received from people wishing to write for BioNews and/or help the charity remotely.

PET is an equal opportunity organisation, and is committed to a working environment that is free from any form of discrimination on the grounds of colour, race, ethnicity, religion, sex, sexual orientation or disability.

7. AUDITORS / INDEPENDENT EXAMINERS

Aryeh Melinek Melinek Fine LLP Chartered Accountants First Floor Winston House 349 Regents Park Road London N3 1DH

8. STATEMENT OF DISCLOSURE TO THE INDEPENDENT EXAMINERS

Each of the Trustees has confirmed that there is no information of which they are aware which is relevant to the independent examination but of which the independent examiners is unaware. They have further confirmed that they have taken appropriate steps to identify such relevant information and to establish that the auditor is aware of such information.

The Trustees' report was approved by the Board of Trustees on 22 January 2025 and signed on its behalf by:

Robin Lovell-Badge Trustee

Independent Examiner's Report to the Trustees of Progress Educational Trust Independent examiner's report to the trustees of Progress Educational Trust ('the Company.) I report to the charity trus￿ on my examination of the accounts of the Company for the year ended 31 March 2024. Responslblllties and basis of report As the charity's trustees of the Company (and also Its dlrectors for the purpo%s of company law) you are re5ponslble for the preparatlon of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Att 2006 ('the 2006 Act,). Havlng satisfied myself that the accounts of the Company are not requlred to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are ellgible for independent examlnation, I repK)rt in respett of my examination of your charlty'5 accounts as carried out under Section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 {'the 2011 ACV). In carrying Out my examination I have followed the Dlrections glven by the Charfty Commlssion under Sectlon 145(5) (b) of the 2011 ACL Independent examiner's statement Slnce your charivs gross income exceeded £250,000 your examlner must be a member of a115ted body. I can conflrm that I am qualified to undertake the examination because I am a men*er of the Institute of Chartered Accountants In England and Wale5, whlch Is one of the listed bodies. I have completed my examlnatlon. I confirm that no matters have c(Mne to my ottentlon In connectlon wlth the examination giving me cause to belleve: accountlng records were not kept In respect of the Company as requlred by Sectlon 386 of the 2006 Act; or the accounts do not accord with those record5. or the accounts do not comply with the accounting requlrements of Sectlon 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requlrement that the accounts give a true and falr vlew whlch Is not a matter consldered as part of an independent examlnatlon. or the accounts have not been prepared In accordan￿ wlth the method5 and prSnclples of the Statement of Recommended Practlce for accounting and repjrting by charltles (appllcable to charitles preparlng thelr accounts In accordance with the Flnanclal Reporting Standard appllcable In the UK and Republic of I￿land (FRS 102)). I have no concerns and have come across no other matters In connectlon with the examinatlon to whlch attention should be drawn in thls report In order to enable a proper understandlng of the accounts to be reached. Aryeh Mellnek, FCA Melinek Fine LLP Chartered Accountants Flrst Floor, Winston House 349 Regents Park Road London N3 IDH Page 22

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST

Statement of Financial Activities (Incorporating an Income and Expenditure Account) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

2024 2023
Unrestricted Unrestricted
funds funds
Notes £ £
INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS FROM
Donations and legacies 2 22,049 24,854
Charitable activities 3
Charitable activities 257,207 236,523
Other trading activities 4 7,401 8,370
Investment income 5 3,752 1,222
Total 290,409 270,969
EXPENDITURE ON
Charitable activities
Charitable activities 274,558 258,106
NET INCOME 15,851 12,863
RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS
Total funds brought forward 364,618 351,755
TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD 380,469 364,618

The notes form part of these financial statements

Page 23

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST

Balance Sheet 31 MARCH 2024

2024 2023
Unrestricted Unrestricted
funds funds
Notes £ £
FIXED ASSETS
Tangible assets 11 1,393 761
CURRENT ASSETS
Debtors 12 17,604 17,595
Cash at bank 378,220 407,351
395,824 424,946
CREDITORS
Amounts falling due within one year 13 (16,748) (61,089)
NET CURRENT ASSETS 379,076 363,857
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES 380,469 364,618
NET ASSETS 380,469 364,618
FUNDS
Unrestricted funds 380,469 364,618
TOTAL FUNDS 380,469 364,618

The charitable company is entitled to exemption from audit under Section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 for the year ended 31 March 2024.

The members have not required the company to obtain an audit of its financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2024 in accordance with Section 476 of the Companies Act 2006.

The trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for

(a) ensuring that the charitable company keeps accounting records that comply with Sections 386 and 387 of the Companies Act 2006 and

(b) preparing financial statements which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company as at the end of each financial year and of its surplus or deficit for each financial year in accordance with the requirements of Sections 394 and 395 and which otherwise comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 relating to financial statements, so far as applicable to the charitable company.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to charitable companies subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Trustees and authorised for issue on 22 January 2025 and were signed on its behalf by:

Professor R H Lovell-Badge - Trustee

The notes form part of these financial statements

Page 24

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST

Notes to the Financial Statements FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of preparing the financial statements

The financial statements of the charitable company, which is a public benefit entity under FRS 102, have been prepared in accordance with the Charities SORP (FRS 102) 'Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019)', Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' and the Companies Act 2006. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.

Financial reporting standard 102 - reduced disclosure exemptions

The charitable company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemption in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by FRS 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland':

Income

All income is recognised in the Statement of Financial Activities once the charity has entitlement to the funds, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured reliably.

Expenditure

Liabilities are recognised as expenditure as soon as there is a legal or constructive obligation committing the charity to that expenditure, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. Expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis and has been classified under headings that aggregate all cost related to the category. Where costs cannot be directly attributed to particular headings they have been allocated to activities on a basis consistent with the use of resources.

Tangible fixed assets

Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates in order to write off each asset over its estimated useful life.

Computer equipment - 25% on cost

Taxation

The charity is exempt from corporation tax on its charitable activities.

Fund accounting

Unrestricted funds can be used in accordance with the charitable objectives at the discretion of the trustees.

Restricted funds can only be used for particular restricted purposes within the objects of the charity. Restrictions arise when specified by the donor or when funds are raised for particular restricted purposes.

Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits

The charitable company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the charitable company's pension scheme are charged to the Statement of Financial Activities in the period to which they relate.

continued...

Page 25

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

2.
DONATIONS AND LEGACIES
2024
£
Donations
18,259
Gift aid
3,790
22,049
3.
INCOME FROM CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES
2024
£
Grants
62,849
Sponsorships
101,368
Conferences and events
22,918
Consultancy
70,072
Other
-
257,207
4.
OTHER TRADING ACTIVITIES
2024
£
Advertising
7,401
5.
INVESTMENT INCOME
2024
£
Deposit account interest
3,752
6.
SUPPORT COSTS
Governance
Finance
costs
£
£
Charitable activities
2,956
1,500
Governance costs of £1,500 are the cost of independent examination.
7.
NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE)
Net income/(expenditure) is stated after charging/(crediting):
2024
£
Depreciation – computer equipment
465
Computer software amortisation
-		 2023
£
21,107
3,747
24,854
2023
£
18,963
172,204
5,880
37,758
1,718
236,523
2023
£
8,370
2023
£
1,222
Totals
£
4,456
2023
£
5
6,641

continued...

Page 26

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

8. TRUSTEES' REMUNERATION AND BENEFITS

There were no trustees' remuneration or other benefits for the year ended 31 March 2024 nor for the year ended 31 March 2023.

Trustees' expenses

There were no trustees' expenses paid for the year ended 31 March 2024 nor for the year ended 31 March 2023.

9. STAFF COSTS

2024 2023
£ £
Wages and salaries 182,632 159,490
Social security costs 11,835 9,936
Other pension costs 3,782 3,391
198,249 172,817
The total employee benefits of key management personnel were £62,594 (2023: £58,881).
The average monthly number of employees during the year was as follows:
2024 2023
Employees 7 6
The number of employees whose employee benefits (excluding employer pension costs) exceeded £60,000 was:
2024 2023
£60,001 - £70,000 1 -

10. INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS
Computer
software
£
COST
At 1 April 2023 and 31 March 2024 26,561
AMORTISATION
At 1 April 2023 and 31 March 2024 26,561
NET BOOK VALUE
At 31 March 2024 -
At 31 March 2023 -

continued...

Page 27

PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL TRUST

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2024

11. TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

COST
At 1 April 2023
Additions
Disposals
At 31 March 2024
DEPRECIATION
At 1 April 2023
Charge for year
Eliminated on disposal
At 31 March 2024
NET BOOK VALUE
At 31 March 2024
At 31 March 2023
12.
DEBTORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
Trade debtors
Prepayments and accrued income
13.
CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
Social security and other taxes
Accruals and deferred income		 Computer
equipment
£
5,223
1,097
(434)
5,886
4,462
465
(434)
4,493
1,393
761
2024
2023
£
£
17,604
15,378
-
2,217
17,604
17,595
2024
2023
£
£
4,248
4,470
12,500
56,619
16,748
61,089

14. RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES

Total donations of £516 (2023: £381) were made by the trustees to the charity. There were no other related party transactions for the year ended 31 March 2024 or the year ended 31 March 2023.

Page 28