The Religious Society of Friends (Quake WEST WEALD AREA QUAKER MEETING
Annual report and accounts For the year ended 31 December 20
Reg. Charity No 1134523
The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) WEST WEALD AREA QUAKER MEETING
Annual report and accounts For the year ended 31 December 2021
Administrative Information
Contact
John Manfield 52 Carlton Green Redhill Surrey RH1 2DA
Charity's Principal Office/Address
Dorking Quaker Meeting House Butter Hill, South Street Dorking RH4 2LE
Trustees
The following were Trustees in 2021 and until the date in 2022 that the report was approv
Rosemary Elias Audrey Garnett (until 30 September 2022) Jonathan Myall Kersti Wagstaff Helen Whittington (until 9 November 2021) Roger Wilson
The charity’s key officers in 2021 were:
Clerk of Area Meeting Trustees - Roger Wilson (until 6 September 2021), Kersti Wagstaff (f 7 September 2021) Clerk of Area Meeting - John Manfield Treasurer - Rosemary Elias
Independent Examiner
David Stephens BA FCCA Chartered Certified Accountant 13 Newlands Road Tunbridge Wells Kent TN4 9AS
Bankers:
Triodos Bank, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AS
Holding Trustee (Nominee): Friends Trusts Ltd, 173 Euston Road, London NW1 2BJ
Charity Number 1134523
WEST WEALD AREA QUAKER MEETING Annual report and accounts For the year ended 31 December 2021 TRUSTEES’ REPORT 2021
GOVERNANCE
Ltd. as custodian trustee (since 16 September 2021: as holding trustee).
data protection. They are summarised in the West Weald Governing Document (adopted Area Meeting in November 2008 and amended April 2011 by Area Meeting Minute 11/18 2020 by Area Meeting Minute 20/31, and January 2022 by Area Meeting Minute 22/04(ii) the Terms of Reference already mentioned. The Trustees are appointed by Area Meeting to (inter alia) act as a channel of communication to and from their own local Meetings.
Trustees' performance in their duties.
(GDPR).
this time.
meetings to be held on-line, and partly to protect vulnerable Trustees or members of the
the receiving of reports, maintaining membership records and approving Annual Accoun
video link [Zoom] as suited their own members and circumstances.
No Quinquennial Inspections were carried out during 2021.
and Safety audit of our premises.
OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES
In detail our religious efforts were devoted to:
i ) strengthening the life and witness of our Quaker meetings and beyond;
ii) spreading the message of Quakers;
iii) funding the concerns of Quaker meetings ;
those in need and for education;
which to carry our witness into the world; the support of Britain Yearly Meeting.
faith creating together the bonds of friendship".
West Weald Area Meeting has care of the properties listed below:
Blue Idol Meeting, Coolham
£1,447,103
Meeting House Grade II*; Stable Grade II
Capel Meeting
Meeting House & domestic residence (let). Burial Ground and orchard. £706,524
Grade II
Dorking Meeting
Meeting House & domestic residence (let) £1,340,152
Horsham Meeting
Meeting House & Warden Cottage attached £770,884 Grade II
Ifield Meeting
Meeting House & attached cottage (let) £1,525,000 Meeting House Grade 1; attached Cottage Grade II*; Mounting Block Grade II
Reigate Meeting
Meeting House & Burial Ground. £695,309
The values given are the 2021 insurance values
Quaker Meeting.
spiritual growth and to provide pastoral care and comfort to members and attenders.
Coolham, and Friends support a programme based on Restorative Practice principles at (This Voluntary Controlled Primary School is unique in that although controlled by the Lo Authority, it has a Quaker foundation and the education delivered at the school follows ou ethos very closely. The school land and buildings are owned by Friends Trusts Limited as Trustee, and are operated and managed by the West Sussex County Council. In common Voluntary Controlled Schools, no rent is paid for the land or premises).
Local Meetings support good causes by collecting money for them, and where this occur
accounts.
PUBLIC BENEFIT STATEMENT
voluntarily and do not receive any personal financial benefit from the charity.
support by serving on the Housing Association's management committee.
respect. Quakers work for understanding and for the peace which can flow from that understanding, and local meetings are members of Churches Together in their communit Members of Dorking Meeting also volunteer and donate food to the foodbank run by Chu Together. The spirit of God is at work in the ordinary activities and experience of daily lif common with many other religious groups, we try to enable ordinary people to live out th learning and developing their knowledge and trust of the ways of God. Quakerism is root Christianity, but acknowledges that our understanding of our own religious tradition may be enriched by the insights of other faiths.
regular attenders.
open to the public to enjoy their peace and serenity.
requested foods or by financial donations.
electrical, electronics, clothering and ceramics, outgrew the space available at its co-fou
gradually started to return in the course of 2021.
The Blue Idol Meeting House is in regular demand for retreat days by other churches because of its rural, quiet location, also attracting visitors in significant numbers from th abroad because of its historical association with William Penn and the founding of Pennsy All of this activity stopped during the pandemic in 2020, and was slower to restart during activities within our own community. Only the weekly Friday Open Days during the summ (May to November 2021) could be restarted, limited to 3 hours rather than the usual 6 b the number of Friends shielding at home and unavailable to join the rota. A gradually in
required).
community in the last year.
and other public functions in the course of 2021.
ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE
conciseness we will not repeat here what has already been reported above.
attenders who enjoy equivalent status and responsibilites as far as permitted by our Gov Document. We are deeply grateful for the service that both Friends and attender have de continue to devote to our Meetings.
lockdown regulations or Local Meeting risk assessments required it, the weekday meeti Dorking and Horsham were suspended, but were reinstated later in 2021 when that beca possible.
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Investing Ethically with Fidelity Investments.
the attention of the Charity Commission.
On behalf of the Trustees of West Weald Area Quaker Meeting
Kersti Wagstaff Clerk to the Trustees Date: 12/10/2022 Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
.kto
rial Ground
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) WEST WEALD AREA QUAKER MEETING
Annual report and accounts For the year ended 31 December 2021
RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS
| Receipts Donations + contributions 4 Collections Legacies and grants Interest & Investment Inc 5 Lettings 6 Hirings Fundraising Other Total receipts Payments Charitable activities: 7 Premises 8 Contributions and subs 9 Administration 10 Property costs Other Governance 11 Total payments Net receipts/payments Transfers: Area Mtg Quota 12 Other LM Paym'ts 13 Between funds Acting as Agent, IN 6 Acting as Agent, OUT 6 Sub-total After transfers |
Receipts Donations + contributions 4 Collections Legacies and grants Interest & Investment Inc 5 Lettings 6 Hirings Fundraising Other Total receipts Payments Charitable activities: 7 Premises 8 Contributions and subs 9 Administration 10 Property costs Other Governance 11 Total payments Net receipts/payments Transfers: Area Mtg Quota 12 Other LM Paym'ts 13 Between funds Acting as Agent, IN 6 Acting as Agent, OUT 6 Sub-total After transfers |
Unrestricted Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) (LM funds) £ £ £ £ |
Unrestricted Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) (LM funds) £ £ £ £ |
Unrestricted Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) (LM funds) £ £ £ £ |
Unrestricted Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) (LM funds) £ £ £ £ |
Unrestricted Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) (LM funds) £ £ £ £ |
Unrestricted Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) (LM funds) £ £ £ £ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 162 | 34,199 | 0 | 34,361 | |||
| 0 | 1,552 | 0 | 1,552 | ||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 5 | 3,778 | 54 | 0 | 3,832 | |||
| 6 | 0 | 72,774 | 0 | 72,774 | |||
| 0 | 364 | 0 | 364 | ||||
| 0 | 4,569 | 0 | 4,569 | ||||
| 0 | 3,300 | 0 | 3,300 | ||||
| 3,940 | 116,812 | 0 | 0 | 120,752 | |||
| 7 | 2,129 10,123 7,600 1,294 0 0 825 |
1,841 | 0 | 3,970 | |||
| 8 | 119,524 | 0 | 129,647 | ||||
| 9 | 19,470 | 0 | 27,070 | ||||
| 10 | 5,084 | 0 | 6,378 | ||||
| 2,243 | 10,427 | 12,670 | |||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 825 | ||||
| 21,971 | 148,162 | 10,427 | 0 | 180,560 | |||
| -18,031 | -31,350 | -10,427 | 0 | -59,808 | |||
| 12 | 12,160 | -12,160 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 13 | -46,383 | 46,383 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 6 | 6,704 | 40,177 | 0 | 46,881 | |||
| 6 | -6,704 | -40,263 | 0 | -46,967 | |||
| -34,223 | 34,137 | 0 | 0 | -86 | |||
| -52,254 | 2,787 | -10,427 | 0 | -59,894 |
5
Balances b/fwd 1 January 905,074 241,006 59,364 41,732 1,247,176 Balances c/fwd 31st Dec 852,820 243,793 48,937 41,732 1,187,282
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| Unrestricted | Unrestricted | Restricted | Permanent | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Funds | Funds | Funds | Endowment | 2020 |
| General | Designated | Funds | ||
| (Central funds) | (LM funds) | |||
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ |
----- Start of picture text -----
155 36,734 0 36,889
1,777 0 1,777
0 0 0
3,310 366 0 3,676
26,941 43,805 0 70,746
17,909 0 17,909
6,004 0 6,004
934,953 65 0 935,018
965,359 106,660 0 0 1,072,019
828 11,575 0 12,403
23,248 69,855 0 93,103
95,155 17,022 0 112,177
10,420 3,569 0 13,989
620 26,676 2,878 30,174
26,240 1,221 27,461
800 0 0 800
157,311 129,918 2,878 0 290,107
808,048 -23,258 -2,878 0 781,912
0 0 0 0
-12,402 12,402 0 0
0 0 0
9,602 0 9,602
-10,082 0 -10,082
-12,402 11,922 0 0 -480
795,646 -11,336 -2,878 0 781,432
----- End of picture text -----
5
----- Start of picture text -----
109,428 252,342 62,242 41,732 465,744
905,074 241,006 59,364 41,732 1,247,176
----- End of picture text -----
5
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) WEST WEALD AREA QUAKER MEETING
Annual report and accounts For the year ended 31 December 2021
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES at 31 December 2021
| Cash Funds Short term deposits 14 Cash at bank and in hand 15 Other monetary assets Debtors Loans receivable 16 Investment assets Investments 17 Liabilities Creditors Loans payable |
Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) £ £ £ £ (LM funds) Unrestricte |
Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) £ £ £ £ (LM funds) Unrestricte |
Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) £ £ £ £ (LM funds) Unrestricte |
Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) £ £ £ £ (LM funds) Unrestricte |
Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) £ £ £ £ (LM funds) Unrestricte |
Unrestricted Restricted Permanent Total Funds Funds Funds Endowment 2021 General Designated Funds (Central funds) £ £ £ £ (LM funds) Unrestricte |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 81,060 | 0 | 0 | 41,732 | 122,792 | ||
| 771,760 | 243,793 | 48,937 | 1,064,490 | |||
| 852,820 | 243,793 | 48,937 | 41,732 | 1,187,282 | ||
| 0 | ||||||
| 80,000 | 80,000 | |||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 80,000 | 80,000 | ||
| 88,620 | 298,408 | 387,028 | ||||
| 0 | ||||||
| 88,620 | 0 | 0 | 298,408 | 387,028 | ||
| 0 | 1,739 | 0 | 0 | 1,739 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 0 | 1,739 | 0 | 0 | 1,739 |
Approved by the trustees
…………………………………………. Kersti Wagstaff
…………………….…… Dated
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The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) WEST WEALD AREA QUAKER MEETING
Annual report and accounts For the year ended 31 December 2021
Notes to the Consolidated Accounts: notes 1 - 3 and 18 not referenced in the accounts 1. Unrestricted Funds
These are General Funds which can be used for the ordinary purposes of the Area Meeting. Designated funds are General Funds held by the Local Meetings and used for their own Local Meeting purposes.
2. Restricted Funds
Restricted funds are funds which have been given for a specific purpose by the donor and may only be used for that specific purpose.
3. Endowment Funds
Permanent endowment funds are funds the capital of which must be maintained; only income arising from the investment of the endowment may be used either as restricted or unrestricted depending upon the purpose for which the endowment was established.
Notes on the Central AM Fund
4. Donations and collections - £162 given other than by Quotas from Local Meetings in 2021
5. Interest & Investment income - £3,778 including £904 Building Society Interest + £2,874 dividends. Dividends from following investments held (not all paid dividends in 2021): Aberdeen Global Sustainable Responsible Inv. Equity A Inc, F & C Responsible UK Equity Growth Fund 1 (Inc), F & C Responsible UK Income Fund 1 (Inc), Janus Henderson Global Sustainable Equity Fund A Inc, Premier Miton Responsible Equity A Inc, Aegon Ethical Equity Fund Class A Acc, and Jupiter Ecology Fund L Class Inc.
6. Lettings - Nil : £6704 EE mast rent was received on behalf of The Blue Idol LM and then transferred to the LM. See Acting as Agent In and Out.
7. Charitable Activities - £2,129 includes £1,140 to enable Young Friends to attend Quaker Summer Events and £525 for Quaker Role training events. 8. Premises - £10,123: Includes £5,309 insurance. (transfer £36,544 on upgrading the electrical supply to The Blue Idol, separating the cottage and the Penn flat heating system and installing a independent electrical heating system to the flat), and £3,840 for the maintenance contract with the Churches Conservation Trust pilot (which Dorking and Horsham LMs had opted into). (transfer to Blue Idol £6728 incurred on the access way to the West Chiltington Burial Ground).
9. Contributions and subs - £7,600: Donations of £2,600 to Britain Yearly Meeting and £5,000 to the local William Penn Primary School in Coolham, which is the only Quaker foundation state primary school in the UK, towards an all-weather running track to promote pupils adopting an active lifestyle. 10. Administration - £1,294 including a net figure of £948 for professional fees after £3,056 of legal fees incurred in 2020 were reimbursed by Transform (Housing Association).
11. Governance - £825 : Independent Examiner's fee.
12. AM Quota - £12,160: payment of the Quota was reinstated following not requesting payments from LMs in 2020 due to the Covid pandemic.
13. Other LM payments - £3,111: Compensation paid for income lost by LMs due to Covid pandemic. 14. Short term deposits - balances at 31 December 2021: General Fund: ICOF £500, Ecology BS £78,617 + Yorkshire BS £1,942. Permanent Endowment: Ecology BS £6,383 + Yorkshire BS £35,349.
15. LM Funds
These funds are under the control of the LMs and any queries should be addressed to their Treasurers.
16. Permanent Endowment Funds
The £80,000 shown is the Reigate LM Rebuilding and Improvement Fund.
17. Investments - D etails of these investments are given at Note 5 (above). 18. Reserves Policy CC19. 3.1: "Reserves are that part of a charity's unrestricted funds that is freely available to spend on any of the charity's purposes". We have considered the unrestricted funds we require.
Building maintenance costs: We have had recent heavy expenditure on two of our oldest buildings: The Blue Idol and Ifield Meeting Houses. We have a programme of Quinquennial Inspections and so would not expect to have significant unexpected costs arising in the near future, however, it is recognised that the relatively recent repairs costing in excess of £500,000 incurred at The Blue Idol were not identified at the regular Quinquennial inspection. We consider it would accordingly be prudent to set aside £150,000 for future unexpected building maintenance on our ancient and listed buildings so as not to delay work for fundraising. Projects: We currently have an unfinished project at The Blue Idol and proposed projects at Horsham and Dorking, of a new roof and an Air Source Heat Pump heating system respectively. £220,000 is set aside for these projects. Annual Expenditure: We have also decided to set aside 50% of our expenditure across the AM for 2021 so: £90,280. Closure costs: Where a Meeting House closes the costs incurred can be met by the sale of the that particular Meeting House. The cost of closing the Area Meeting itself is expected to involve fees for advice including legal advice and conveyancing costs for land and buildings, including Meeting Houses, owned by the Area Meeting. These combined costs are estimated to be approximately £40,000. In accordance with the above policy we consider than an Unrestricted Reserve at 31 December 2021 of £500,000 ( £475,000 2020) would be prudent. Our present reserves exceed this figure. We will review the position further in considering and setting our 2023 Budget.
Religious Socie WEST WEALD A
Annual report and a For the year ended 31 De
UNRESTRICTED FUNDS
| 20 [] Unrestricted Funds Receipts Donations Collections Legacies Interest & Investment Income Lettings Hirings Gift aid Other Total receipts Payments Activities: Premises: Contributions and subscriptions Administration Property costs Other Governance Total payments Net receipts/payments Transfers: Area Meeting Quota Other LM Payments Between funds Acting as Agent, IN Acting as Agent, OUT Sub-total |
20 [] Unrestricted Funds Receipts Donations Collections Legacies Interest & Investment Income Lettings Hirings Gift aid Other Total receipts Payments Activities: Premises: Contributions and subscriptions Administration Property costs Other Governance Total payments Net receipts/payments Transfers: Area Meeting Quota Other LM Payments Between funds Acting as Agent, IN Acting as Agent, OUT Sub-total |
Blue Idol Capel Dorking LM LM LM £ £ £ |
Blue Idol Capel Dorking LM LM LM £ £ £ |
Blue Idol Capel Dorking LM LM LM £ £ £ |
Blue Idol Capel Dorking LM LM LM £ £ £ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6,811 | 2,125 | 13,599 | |||
| 547 | 793 | ||||
| 3 | |||||
| 21,804 | 13,076 | 16,200 | |||
| 364 | |||||
| 1,828 | 709 | ||||
| 100 | |||||
| 31,093 | 16,703 | 30,163 | |||
| 687 | 469 | ||||
| 56,428 | 6,256 | 36,316 | |||
| 1,700 | 3,000 | 9,450 | |||
| 1,065 | |||||
| 2,243 | |||||
| 61,058 | 9,256 | 47,300 | |||
| -29,965 | 7,447 | -17,137 | |||
| -2,465 | -850 | -3,570 | |||
| 43,272 | 3,111 | ||||
| 38,448 | 204 | ||||
| -38,538 | -200 | ||||
| 40,717 | -850 | -455 |
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| After transfers 10,752 6,597 -17,592 Balances brought forward 1 January 28,601 4,243 81,461 Balances c/fwd 31st December 39,353 10,840 63,869 |
10,752 | 6,597 | -17,592 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 39,353 | 10,840 | 63,869 |
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ety of Friends (Quakers) AREA QUAKER MEETING
accounts ecember 2021
- DESIGNATED
----- Start of picture text -----
Horsham Ifield Reigate Total
LM LM LM 2021
£ £ £ £ £
5,755 3,270 2,639 34,199
193 19 1,552
0
17 9 25 54
7,712 9,636 4,346 72,774
364
1,114 401 517 4,569
100 3,100 3,300
14,891 16,435 7,527 116,812
525 160 1,841
5,817 9,274 5,433 119,524
3,725 130 1,465 19,470
3,066 1 952 5,084
2,243
0
13,133 9,565 7,850 148,162
1,758 6,870 -323 -31,350
-3,000 -350 -1,925 -12,160
46,383
0
1,525 40,177
-1,525 -40,263
-3,000 -350 -1,925 34,137
----- End of picture text -----
8
----- Start of picture text -----
-1,242 6,520 -2,248 2,787
36,268 28,696 61,737 241,006
35,026 35,216 59,489 243,793
----- End of picture text -----
8
Total 2020
£
36,734 1,777 0 366 43,805 17,909 6,004 65
106,660
11,575 69,855 17,022 3,569 26,676 1,221
129,918
-23,258
0 12,402 0 9,602 -10,082
11,922
8
-11.336 252.342 241.006
[]
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers WEST WEALD AREA QUAKER M
Annual report and acc For the year ended 31 Dece
RESTRICTED FUNDS
----- Start of picture text -----
19 Ifield Reigate
Appeal Bequest
Fund
£ £ £ £
----- End of picture text -----
----- Start of picture text -----
Receipts
Donations
Collections
Legacies and grants
Interest & Investment Inc
Lettings
Hirings
Fundraising
Other 0
Total receipts 0 0
Payments
Activities:
Premises:
Contributions and subs
Administration
Restoration project 10,427
Other
Governance
Total payments 10,427 0
Net receipts/payments -10,427 0
Transfers:
Area Meeting Quota
Other LM Payments
Between funds
Acting as Agent, IN
Acting as Agent, OUT
Sub-total 0 0
After transfers -10,427 0
----- End of picture text -----
9
Balances b/ fwd Balances c/fwd
10,427 48,937 0 48,937
9
s) EETING
ounts mber 2021
----- Start of picture text -----
Total Ifield Reigate Total
2021 Appeal Bequest 2020
Fund
£ £ £ £ £ £
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 512 512
0 512 0 512
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
10,427 2,878 0
0
10,427 2,878 0 0 2,878
-10,427 -2,878 -2,878
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
-10,427 -2,878 -2,878
----- End of picture text -----
9
----- Start of picture text -----
59,364 13,305 48,937 62,242
48,937 10,427 48,937 59,364
----- End of picture text -----
9
The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) WEST WEALD AREA QUAKER MEETING
Annual report and accounts For the year ended 31 December 2021
Independent Examiner's Report to the Trustees of West Weald Ar
I report on the accounts of the trust for the year ended 31 December 202
Respective responsibilities of Trustees and examiner
The charity's Trustees are responsible for the preparation of the accounts
It is my responsibility to:
-
(i) examine the accounts under section 145 of the 2011 Charities Act (the (ii) to follow the procedures laid down in the general Directions given by t 145 of the Act; and
-
(iii) to state whether particular matters have come to my attention.
Basis of independent examiner's report
My examination was carried out in accordance with the general Direction An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the c accounts presented with those records. It also includes consideration of a accounts, and seeking explanations from you as trustees concerning any undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would be required in an a an audit opinion on the view given by the accounts.
Independent examiner's statement
In connection with my examination, no matter has come to my attention:
-
(a) which gives me reasonable cause to believe that in any material respe
-
(i) to keep accounting records in accordance with section 130 of the A (ii) to prepare accounts which accord with the accounting records an requirements of the Act; have not been met; or
-
(b) to which, in my opinion, attention should be drawn in order to enable of the accounts to be reached.
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............................................................ Signed
David Stephens BA FCCA Chartered Certified Accountant 13 Newlands Road Tunbridge Wells Kent TN4 9AS
10
rea Meeting
s.
e Act); the Charity Commission under section
s given by the Charity Commission. charity and a comparison of the any unusual items or disclosures in the such matters. The procedures audit, and consequently I do not express
: ect the requirements; Act; and
d comply with the accounting
e a proper understanding
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...................................................... Dated
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