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2022-12-31-accounts

REGISTERED COMPANY NUMBER: RC000811 (England and Wales) REGISTERED CHARITY NUMBER: 1124890

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES AND UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

FOR

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

Mark J Rees LLP Chartered Accountants Granville Hall Granville Road Leicester Leicestershire LE1 7RU

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

CONTENTS OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Page
Report of the Trustees 1 to 12
Independent Examiner's Report 13
Statement of Financial Activities 14
Balance Sheet 15 to 16
Notes to the Financial Statements 17 to 26
Detailed Statement of Financial Activities 27 to 28

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

The trustees who are also directors of the charity for the purposes of the Companies Act 2006, present their report with the financial statements of the charity for the year ended 31 December 2022. The trustees have adopted the provisions of Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019).

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

Objectives and aims

The objectives of the English Association are to benefit the public by promoting the knowledge and appreciation of the English language and its literatures and to foster good practice in its teaching and learning at all levels.

The Association has pursued and will pursue its objectives by any one or more of the methods set out below.

  1. Affording opportunities for professional and other co-operation amongst all those interested in English language and literature.

  2. Furthering the due recognition of English as an essential element in education at all levels and participating publicly in any national debate on the teaching of the subject at any level.

  3. Providing a forum for the discussion of practice and principle in the teaching and learning of English in all sectors of education from primary to university level.

  4. Encouraging and facilitating advanced study in English language and literature.

  5. Holding conferences, lectures and other meetings to respond to the professional needs of teachers and lecturers in all educational areas and to further the objects of the Association.

  6. Publishing a range of journals, books, papers and leaflets to promote the study and appreciation of English.

  7. Forming local branches to carry out the objects of the Association.

  8. Establishing relations with kindred bodies and co-operating with such bodies but only in furtherance of the objects of the Association.

  9. Enrolling members, collecting subscriptions from members and donations from any person interested in the objects of the Association.

  10. Engaging in any other activity which shall be conducive to the objects of the Association.

The Association reviews its aims, objectives and achievements each year and this report considers in detail achievements during 2022. In undertaking the review of the Association's aims, objectives and achievements the trustees have paid due regard to guidance issued by the Charity Commission on public benefit in deciding what activities the Association should undertake.

The charitable status of the English Association substantially enhances its ability to pursue its aims for the public benefit in a number of ways:

Page 1

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES Activities and achievements during 2022 Publications

English is the flagship higher-education journal of the Association and is dedicated to new developments in English studies. Published four times per year by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association, English provides a forum for discussion on all aspects of English literature and language, and on professional topics. It includes scholarly essays and reviews on all periods of literary history, alongside new work by contemporary poets. It publishes work that speaks to the discipline as a whole, including reflections on pedagogy and on the place of English literature and language in the world beyond academia. The journal is edited by a team based at the University of East Anglia, led by Dr Nonia Williams.

The Use of English is the longest-standing of journals for teachers, including trainee teachers, of secondary and further English. Published three times a year, it brings together vigorous, independent comment on theory, policy and practice. It carries a substantial section of reviews of important books on the teaching of the subject, plus works of literary criticism and anthologies and editions. The journal is edited by Malcolm Hebron and Kayte Haselgrove.

English 4-11 supports literacy in the primary classroom and is for teachers, including trainee teachers, of primary English. Accessible and lively, the magazine is packed with articles, covering Early Years Education to the end of Key Stage 2. Published three times a year, the magazine includes accounts of innovative practice and successful projects, reports of classroom research, reviews of books, software and other resources, interviews with authors, and articles to spark discussion. It is a joint publication of the English Association and the United Kingdom Literacy Association and is edited by a joint Editorial Board, led by Dr Sally Wilkinson.

The English Association Newsletter encourages conversation about topics important to the subject community, and is published three times per year. It is edited by Dr Rebecca Fisher, the CEO of the English Association, in collaboration with guest editors.

Essays and Studies is a series of annual themed volumes, each edited by a distinguished academic. The series is published on behalf of the Association by Boydell & Brewer.

The Year's Work in English Studies is a qualitative narrative bibliographical review of scholarly work on English language and on literatures written in English. The volume includes a detailed overview from Old English to contemporary critical works for a given year and is published annually on behalf of the Association by Oxford University Press.

The Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory is a companion volume to The Year's Work in English Studies and is also published annually for the Association by Oxford University Press. It provides a narrative bibliography of work in the field of critical and cultural theory, recording significant debates and issues of interest in a broad field of research in the humanities and social sciences. The series is of interest to scholars working in many areas of literary and critical and cultural studies as well as in media, visual arts, history and political theory.

Issues in English is a series of occasional publications exploring current issues of debate in English at all levels.

English at the Interface is a series comprising one or two monographs annually, published on behalf of the Association by Liverpool University Press. Monographs can be on any field of English Studies - Literature and Language - from the mediaeval period to the present.

Bookmarks are a series of pamphlets intended to supplement the enthusiasm of the literature teacher and to provide additional independent resources for readers wanting to broaden their engagement with literature. They are downloadable free of charge from the Association's website.

Page 2

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

The following were published during the year:

Page 3

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES Conferences, key meetings, and events

January Meeting of the English 4-11 Editorial Board.
Meeting of the Finance Committee.
February Meeting of the Primary Education Committee.
Meeting of the Secondary Education Committee.
Meeting of the Higher Education Committee.
Meeting of the Finance Committee.
March Meeting of the Board of Trustees.
Meeting of the Strategy Group.
April Meeting of the Primary Education Committee.
Meeting of the Higher Education Committee.
Meeting of the Finance Committee.
Meeting of the English 4-11 Editorial Board
May Winners of the English 4-11 Picture Book Awards announced.
Awards Ceremony and AGM held online.
Meeting of the Secondary Education Committee.
Meeting of the Higher Education Committee.
Meeting of the Finance Committee.
Meeting of the Board of Trustees.
Meeting of the Hubs Taskforce.
CEO Dr Rebecca Fisher re-joins the team after a period of parental leave.
June Meeting of the Finance Committee.
Meeting of the Membership Taskforce.
Meeting of the Hubs Taskforce.
July Meeting of the Membership Taskforce.
Participation in the English Shared Futures conference.
August Meeting of the Finance Committee.
September Meeting of the English 4-11 Editorial Board.
Meeting of the Board of Trustees.
Meeting of the Finance Committee.
Meeting of the Fellowship Committee.
Meeting of the Membership Taskforce.
Meeting of the Strategy Group.
October CEO attended Oxford University Press journals conference.
Meeting of the Publications Taskforce.
Meeting of the Finance Committee.
November Meeting of the Higher Education Committee.
Meeting of Primary and Early Years Education
Committee.
Meeting of the Secondary & Further Education
Committee.
Meeting of the Finance Committee.
Meeting of the Fellowship Committee.
December Meeting of the Board of Trustees.
New membership plans launched.

Committee reports

Strategy Group

Members: David Duff (Chair) Susie Nicklin Helen Wallace

Page 4

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

Rob Penman Jenny Richards Tracey Maloney Becky Fisher Kirstie Hewett

The Strategy Group was established at the Board of Trustees meeting in March after a comprehensive discussion of the EA's Strategic Priorities and Activities based on a prior written consultation with all Trustees, Education Committee chairs and office staff. The Strategy Group met for the first time later in March to carry forward the recommendations of the Board. This resulted in the formation of three taskforces, covering Membership, Publications and Hubs. The taskforces met periodically over subsequent months and liaised with one another as needed. Together, they undertook a far-reaching review of all aspects of the EA's operation, including its publications portfolio, its membership packages, and its website. In addition, a new initiative, the EA Hubs, linking universities and schools/ colleges, was developed. An action plan and timetable were agreed by each taskforce. The changes to membership plans were implemented in November/ December 2022. A switch from print to digital delivery of publications was part of this change, affecting most (though not all) membership plans. Further changes to publications will be made in 2023, subject to further discussion and approval by the Board of Trustees. A new Publications Committee will be established in 2023 with oversight of all publications. The first Hubs were set up in late 2022, with further Hubs planned for 2023. A first set of changes to the website, including the creation of a Members' Area, was made in late 2022, with further changes planned for 2023.

Higher Education Committee

Members:
Jenny Richards Chair - Newcastle University
Joe Barber Manchester Metropolitan University
Alex Thomson University of Edinburgh
Antony Rowland Manchester Metropolitan University
Claire Jowitt University of East Anglia
Clare Lees Institute of English Studies, School of Advanced Studies, University of London
Greg Walker University of Edinburgh
Martin Halliwell University of Leicester
Nicole King University of London
Rick Rylance School of Advanced Studies, University of London
Robert Eaglestone Deputy Chair - Royal Holloway, University of London
Anshuman Mondal University of East Anglia
Andrea Macrae Oxford Brookes University
Katherine Baxter Northumbria University
Jerome de Groot University of Manchester
Elspeth Jajdelska Strathclyde University
Suzy Joinson Chichester University
Gail Marshall University of Reading
Lynda Pratt University of Nottingham
Bronwen Price
Richard Stacey Glasgow University
Nathan Waddell University of Birmingham
John Wrighton Brighton University.

Jerome de Groot, Elspeth Jajdelska, Suzy Joinson, Gail Marshall, Lynda Pratt, Bronwen Price, Richard Stacey, Nathan Waddell, and John Wrighton joined the Committee. Caroline Magennis stepped down from the Committee. Sadly, Katherine Heavey passed away.

Page 5

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

Highlights

Secondary and Further Education Committee

Members:
Elizabeth Draper Chair - consultant
Hollie Barnes Lomax Deputy Chair - Cambridge Regional College
Tracey Maloney Consultant
Joan Foley University of the West of England/Open University
Malcolm Hebron Winchester College/retired
Brenda Marshall Primary-Secondary Education Committee liaison
Sarah Mullin Priory School, Edgbaston
Rob Penman Katharine Lady Berkeley's School, Gloucester/retired
Angela Rodrigues The Cotswold School
Joe Barber Manchester Metropolitan University
Freddie Baveystock Harris Westminster Sixth Form
Chris Green Perse School Cambridge
Matt Carnaby Inspiration Trust
Ella Taylor Harris Westminster Sixth Form
Jo Heathcote Consultant

Elizabeth Draper took on the role of Chair, and Hollie Barnes Lomax the role of Deputy Chair. Kayte Haselgrove joined the Committee as the co-editor of The Use of English. Joe Barber joined the Committee, and acts as the liaison with HEC. Freddie Baveystock, Chris Green, Matt Carnaby, Ella Taylor, and Jo Heathcote joined the Committee.

Highlights

Page 6

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

Primary and Early Years Education Committee

Members:

Members:
Kirstie Hewett Chichester University - School Improvement Specialist
Sonia Carvell Primary Teacher
Brenda Marshall Primary-Secondary Education Committee liaison
Nicky Potter Independent publicist
Megan Dixon Consultant
Ros Harding Overdrive - schools library specialist
Rebecca Smith Learning and Participation Manager, Cheltenham Festival
Reading development & children's book consultant, critic, author, blog editor Youth
Jake Hope Libraries Group, Chair YOTO Carnegies Working Party

Janet Morris and Tricia Adams stepped down from the Committee. Kirstie Hewett took on the role of Chair. Ros Harding, Megan Dixon, Rebecca Smith, and Jake Hope joined the Committee.

Highlights

Fellowships

The new Fellows of the English Association were honoured at the Awards Ceremony following the Annual General Meeting on 25 May 2022:

Professor Simon Bainbridge Julie Blake Professor Guillemette Bolens Professor Gregory Dart Kit de Waal Megan Dixon Elizabeth Draper Professor Lukas Erne Professor Penny Fielding Joan Foley Professor Hazel Hutchison Professor Farah Karim-Cooper Dr Hannah Lowe Tracey Maloney Professor Tom Mole Dr Catherine Morley David Nicholls Susie Nicklin Professor Karen O'Brien Professor Stephen Orgel Professor Denis Renevey Tim Shortis Dr Alison Waller

Page 7

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

Awards and prizes

The following were awarded at the Awards Ceremony on 25 May 2022:

The Fellows Award

Dr Niall Munroe, Director of the Poetry Centre, Oxford Brookes University

The Beatrice White Prize

This year's recipient of the Prize is Michael Bintley, for his publication Settlements and strongholds in Early Medieval England: texts, landscapes, and material culture (Brepols, 2020). Michael Bintley is Senior Lecturer in the Department of English, Theatre and Creative Writing at Birkbeck College, London.

English Postgraduate Essay Prize

The Prize was awarded to Aneesa Bodiat, for her article 'The Heroic Quest: Shadow-Journeys, Negative Journeys and the Peril of the Call Unanswered in the Writing of G. Willow Wilson'

English 4-11 Picture Book Awards

Non-fiction 7-11

Rescuing Titanic by Flora Delargy (Wide Eyed Editions)

Non-fiction 4-7

In My Mosque by M. O. Yuksel and Hatem Aly (Farshore Books)

Fiction 7-11

A Cat Called Waverley by Debi Gliori (Otter-Barry Books)

Fiction 4-7

The Forgettery by Rachel Ip and Laura Hughes (Farshore Books)

The Margaret Mallett Award for Children's Non-Fiction

What It's Like to Be A Bird by Tim Birkhead and Catherine Rayner (Bloomsbury Publishing).

The Betty Haigh Shakespeare Prize

The Prize was awarded to Jane Simmons, a student of Roedean School, Brighton.

The Michael Murphy Memorial Prize Poetry Competition

The Prize was awarded to Layli Long Soldier for her collection Whereas (Picador).

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Financial position

The statement of financial activities for the year ended 31 December 2022 shows a surplus of incoming resources over resources expended for the year of £82,322 (2021 - deficit of £160,107). Both 2022 and 2021 were significantly impacted by a revaluation of the pension scheme resulting in a credit of £49,455 in 2022 and a charge of £161,022 in 2021, as detailed in note 9. The Association's total reserves increased during the year from £72,415 to £131,690. Cash at bank and in hand at the end of the year was £220,595 (2021: £223,741).

Risk management

Members of council have identified the major risks to which the Association is exposed. Systems are being developed to mitigate those risks and policies are being established to monitor and control risk. In the areas of operational, governance, financial and compliance risk members of council are confident that the quality of the Association's staff and professional advisors minimises the exposure to risk.

Page 8

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Reserves policy

The balance sheet at 31 December 2022 shows unrestricted reserves of £130,381. Restricted reserves relating to the various prize funds amount to £1,309. The Association's reserves therefore stood at £131,690 on 31 December 2022.

The unrestricted fund includes tangible assets, debtors, cash in the bank and in hand.

It is the Association's policy to try to maintain reserves equivalent to six months' estimated expenditure; for 2023 this is forecasted to be in the region of £100,000. In addition, under its arrangements with the University of Leicester the Association is required to hold reserves of no less than £25,000 in respect of the membership of the Association's employees in the Universities Superannuation Scheme. Members of council have resolved to maintain a ring-fenced reserve of £50,000 to meet this potential obligation. The current reserves balance is therefore slightly below target. Since the Association has contractual commitments to its employees and to publishers, the reserves are necessary to ensure those commitments can be honoured during any periods of economic difficulty.

STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

Governing document

The charity is controlled by its governing document, a deed of trust and constitutes a charitable company, incorporated by Royal Charter.

Page 9

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

Organisational structure

The management of the Association is carried out by the Board of Trustees, whose members are the council of the Royal Charter entity and trustees of the registered charity. Trustees give their time to the Association voluntarily and receive no benefits for the work they do on its behalf. Expenses reclaimed by trustees for their attendance at meetings of the Association are set out in a note to the accounts.

The Finance Committee is responsible for the financial and administrative operations of the Association, including risk management, and reports directly to the Board of Trustees.

The Secondary and Further Education Committee reports to the Board of Trustees and is responsible for and responding to national issues regarding secondary and further education; the committee also advises the editors of The Use of English.

The Primary and Early Years Education Committee reports to the Board of Trustees and is responsible for responding to national issues regarding primary education; the English 4-11 Editorial Board is responsible for editing English 4-11 and administering the annual English 4-11 Picture Book awards.

The Higher Education Committee responds to national issues regarding higher education and reports to the Board of Trustees.

The Fellowship Committee is responsible for all matters pertaining to the Fellowship and its special interest groups, and reports to the Board of Trustees.

In 2022 the Association was staffed as follows: Chief Executive Officer, 0.8 FTE (on maternity leave July 2021 - April 2022) Interim CEO, 0.6 FTE (August 2021 - May 2022) Administration Officer, full-time Finance Officer, 0.4 FTE Year's Work Editorial Assistant 0.4 FTE (November 2021 - April 2022) Administration Assistant 0.4 FTE (November 2022 - February 2023)

History of The English Association

The English Association was founded in 1906. On 1 January 2001 its activities, assets and liabilities were transferred to a newly incorporated company limited by guarantee, in accordance with a scheme approved by the Charity Commission. On 1 December 2006 the Association was incorporated by Royal Charter.

In accordance with an order of the Charity Commission, on 1 January 2009 all of the activities, assets and liabilities of the existing registered charity (number 1078935) were transferred to a new registered charity (number 1124890). This transfer was necessary following the incorporation of the Association by Royal Charter. From 1 January 2009 the Association ceased to transact its affairs through the medium of the company limited by guarantee and from that date the affairs of the Association have been carried out through the new registered charity and the entity incorporated by Royal Charter. During 2010 the old registered charity was dissolved and the company limited by guarantee was removed from the Register of Companies.

REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS Registered Company number

RC000811 (England and Wales)

Registered Charity number

1124890

Page 10

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Registered office

University of Leicester University Road Leicester Leicestershire LE1 7RH

Trustees

Prof G Walker Prof P Shaw Prof M Halliwell Prof J Richards R Penman S Nicklin Oxon Prof D Duff Dr N King E Draper L Lamb T Maloney T Adams (resigned 31.5.2022) H Wallace Dr F M Douglas (appointed 14.9.2022) Prof A J P Thomson (appointed 14.9.2022) Prof A Mondal (appointed 17.10.2022)

Dr R Fisher is the Charity's Chief Executive Officer.

Independent Examiner

Phillip Bott FCA BSc (Hons) The Institute of Chartered Accountants Mark J Rees LLP Chartered Accountants Granville Hall Granville Road Leicester Leicestershire LE1 7RU

BANKERS

Barclays Bank plc 2 Victoria Street London SW1H 0ND

Scottish Widows Bank PO Box 883 Leeds LS1 9TY

Page 11

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

This report has been prepared in accordance with the special provisions of Part 15 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.

Approved by order of the board of trustees on 11 May 2023 and signed on its behalf by:

Prof D Duff - Trustee

Page 12

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

Independent examiner's report to the trustees of The English Association ('the Company')

I report to the charity trustees on my examination of the accounts of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2022.

Responsibilities and basis of report

As the charity's trustees of the Company (and also its directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 ('the 2006 Act').

Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the Company are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of your charity's accounts as carried out under Section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 ('the 2011 Act'). In carrying out my examination I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under Section 145(5) (b) of the 2011 Act.

Independent examiner's statement

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe:

  1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the Company as required by Section 386 of the 2006 Act; or

  2. the accounts do not accord with those records; or

  3. the accounts do not comply with the accounting requirements of Section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a true and fair view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination; or

  4. the accounts have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities (applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)).

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the charity's members. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charity and the charity's members as a body, for our work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Phillip Bott FCA BSc (Hons) The Institute of Chartered Accountants Mark J Rees LLP Chartered Accountants Granville Hall Granville Road Leicester Leicestershire LE1 7RU

17 May 2023

Page 13

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES (INCORPORATING AN INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Unrestricted
fund
Notes
£
INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS FROM
Donations and legacies
2
-
Charitable activities
4
Advancing English
223,688
Investment income
3
367
Total
224,055
EXPENDITURE ON
Charitable activities
5
Advancing English
141,813
NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE)
82,242
RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS
Total funds brought forward
As previously reported
71,186
Prior year adjustment
11
(23,047)
As restated
48,139
TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD
130,381		 Restricted
funds
£
-
100
-
100
20
80
1,229
-
1,229
1,309		 2022
Total
funds
£
-
223,788
367
224,155
141,833
82,322
72,415
(23,047)
49,368
131,690		 2021
Total
funds
£
5,000
210,214
79
215,293
375,400
(160,107)
232,522
-
232,522
72,415

The notes form part of these financial statements

Page 14

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

BALANCE SHEET 31 DECEMBER 2022

Unrestricted
fund
Notes
£
FIXED ASSETS
Tangible assets
12
700
CURRENT ASSETS
Debtors
13
47,551
Cash at bank and in hand
219,086
266,637
CREDITORS
Amounts falling due within one year
14
(15,728)
NET CURRENT ASSETS
250,909
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT
LIABILITIES
251,609
PENSION LIABILITY
(121,228)
NET ASSETS
130,381
FUNDS
15
Unrestricted funds
Restricted funds
TOTAL FUNDS		 Restricted
funds
£
-
-
1,509
1,509
(200)
1,309
1,309
-
1,309		 2022
Total
funds
£
700
47,551
220,595
268,146
(15,928)
252,218
252,918
(121,228)
131,690
130,381
1,309
131,690		 2021
Total
funds
£
1,338
47,640
223,741
271,381
(29,621)
241,760
243,098
(170,683)
72,415
71,186
1,229
72,415

The charitable company is entitled to exemption from audit under Section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 for the year ended 31 December 2022.

The members have not required the company to obtain an audit of its financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 in accordance with Section 476 of the Companies Act 2006.

The trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for

The notes form part of these financial statements

Page 15

continued...

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

BALANCE SHEET - continued

31 DECEMBER 2022

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to charitable companies subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Trustees and authorised for issue on 11 May 2023 and were signed on its behalf by:

Prof D Duff - Trustee

The notes form part of these financial statements

Page 16

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of preparing the financial statements

The financial statements of the charitable company, which is a public benefit entity under FRS 102, have been prepared in accordance with the Charities SORP (FRS 102) 'Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019)', Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' and the Companies Act 2006. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.

Financial reporting standard 102 - reduced disclosure exemptions

The charitable company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by FRS 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland':

Income

All income is recognised in the Statement of Financial Activities once the charity has entitlement to the funds, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured reliably. The exception to this is Subscription and Publication income which is recognised in the period to which it relates.

Expenditure

Liabilities are recognised as expenditure as soon as there is a legal or constructive obligation committing the charity to that expenditure, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. Expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis and has been classified under headings that aggregate all cost related to the category. Where costs cannot be directly attributed to particular headings they have been allocated to activities on a basis consistent with the use of resources.

Tangible fixed assets

Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates in order to write off each asset over its estimated useful life.

Fixtures and fittings - 5% on cost Office equipment - 20% on cost Computer equipment - 33% on cost

Taxation

The charity is exempt from corporation tax on its charitable activities.

Fund accounting

Unrestricted funds can be used in accordance with the charitable objectives at the discretion of the trustees.

Restricted funds can only be used for particular restricted purposes within the objects of the charity. Restrictions arise when specified by the donor or when funds are raised for particular restricted purposes.

Further explanation of the nature and purpose of each fund is included in the notes to the financial statements.

Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits

The charitable company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the charitable company's pension scheme are charged to the Statement of Financial Activities in the period to which they relate.

continued...

Page 17

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Debtors

Short term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.

Creditors

Short term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Going Concern and COVID-19

From late March 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the charity's operations. After reviewing the charity's forecasts and projections, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The charity therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements.

2. DONATIONS AND LEGACIES

DONATIONS AND LEGACIES
2022 2021
£ £
Grants - 5,000
Grants received, included in the above, are as follows:
2022 2021
£ £
Leicester City Council - 5,000

The amount included within last years grants relates to the receipt of the Governments COVID-19 Local Restriction Support Grant. No COVID-19 Local Restriction Support grants or other grants were received within the period ending 31 December 2022.

3. INVESTMENT INCOME

INVESTMENT INCOME
2022 2021
£ £
Deposit account interest 367 79

continued...

Page 18

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

4. INCOME FROM CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES

Activity
Subscriptions
Advancing English
Publications
Advancing English
Conference Income
Advancing English
Other
Advancing English
5.
CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES COSTS
Advancing English
6.
SUPPORT COSTS
Management
£
Advancing English
25,793
Support costs, included in the above, are as follows:
Management
Rent, rates and insurance
Telephone
Postage and stationery
Sundries
Training
Committee expenses
Computer costs
Prizes and awards
Recruitment
Depreciation of tangible and heritage assets		 2022
£
91,319
128,853
3,185
431
223,788
Support
Direct
costs (see
Costs
note 6)
£
£
109,551
32,282
Governance
Finance
costs
£
£
4,029
2,460
2022
Advancing
English
£
9,104
50
527
1,319
-
746
12,642
616
150
639
25,793		 2021
£
90,988
118,759
-
467
210,214
Totals
£
141,833
Totals
£
32,282
2021
Total
activities
£
7,962
(84)
764
1,419
65
312
19,927
1,996
-
823
33,184

continued...

Page 19

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

6. SUPPORT COSTS - continued Finance

6. SUPPORT COSTS - continued
Finance
2022 2021
Advancing Total
English activities
£ £
Bank charges 796 1,076
Bookkeeping 3,233 5,570
4,029 6,646
Governance costs
2022 2021
Advancing Total
English activities
£ £
Independent examiners remuneration 2,460 2,262
7. NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE)
Net income/(expenditure) is stated after charging/(crediting):
2022 2021
£ £
Depreciation - owned assets 638 824

8. TRUSTEES' REMUNERATION AND BENEFITS

There were no trustees' remuneration or other benefits for the year ended 31 December 2022 nor for the year ended 31 December 2021.

Trustees' expenses

There were trustees expenses of £2,197 (2021: £2,631) paid for the year ended 31 December 2022.

9. STAFF COSTS

Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Other pension costs		 2022
£
86,464
8,111
(29,117)
65,458		 2021
£
124,673
11,316
161,022
297,011

There was no remuneration or other benefits paid to the Key Management Personnel during the year ended 31 December 2022 nor for the year ended 31 December 2021.

The average monthly number of employees during the year was as follows:

2022 2021
Charitable activities 4 7

continued...

Page 20

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

9. STAFF COSTS - continued

No employees received emoluments in excess of £60,000 in the year ended 31 December 2022 nor in the year ended 31 December 2021.

Pension costs

The total pension credit in the profit and loss account was £49,455 (2021: £161,022 total charge).

Previously The English Association operated on the basis that all staff are in academic and comparable roles and as such were enrolled in to the USS pension scheme. As at 25 November 2019, the charity proposed a change in agreement with USS to offer an alternative pension scheme through Aviva whereby only employees in grade 6 and above will be classed as academic and comparable and therefore future employees in grade 5 and below are no longer eligible for USS membership and will be enrolled with Aviva. There are currently no employees enrolled in the Aviva pension scheme.

The latest available complete actuarial valuation of the Retirement Income Builder from USS is at 31 March 2020 (the valuation date), which was carried out using the projected unit method.

Since the institution cannot identify its share of USS Retirement Income Builder assets and liabilities, the following disclosures reflect those relevant for those assets and liabilities as a whole.

The 2020 valuation was the sixth valuation for the scheme under the scheme-specific funding regime introduced by the Pensions Act 2004, which requires schemes to adopt a statutory funding objective, which is to have sufficient and appropriate assets to cover their technical provisions. At the valuation date, the value of the assets of the scheme was £66.5 billion and the value of the scheme's technical provisions was £80.6 billion indicating a shortfall of £14.1 billion and a funding ratio of 83%. The deficit of £14.1 billion is on the basis of the Joint Negotiating Committee (JNC) recommendation and associated enhanced covenant support being implemented. If this was not applied, the valuation would indicate a deficit of £18.4 billion. This is a 384% increase in comparison to the deficit per the 2018 valuation of £3.8 billion. Had experience since the previous valuation been in line with the assumptions adopted for that valuation, and allowing for contributions paid over the period, the scheme would have expected to have a deficit of £4.5 billion at this valuation date. The increase is largely due to the time lapse between the 2018 valuation date and implementation of the 2018 valuation outcome, the actual position is therefore worse than expected.

The key financial assumptions used in the 2020 valuation are described below. More detail is set out in the Statement of Funding Principles.

% pa
Price inflation
RPI 2.8
CPI 2.1
Return from gilts 0.7
Return above gilts
Pre-retirement portfolio 2.75 or 2.0²
Post-retirement portfolio 1.0

These rates are illustrative single-equivalent rates at 31 March 2020. In practice, full yield curves for gilts and inflation have been used in the calculations. Pension increases before and after retirement are assumed to be 5bps higher than CPI curve for current benefits (either uncapped of with soft cap of 5%) and 35bps lower than CPI curve for benefits in line with CPI with a minimum of 0% and maximum of 2.5% pa.

continued...

Page 21

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

9. STAFF COSTS - continued

The investment model is fundamentally different from the approach adopted at the 2018 valuation, where the investment strategy was assumed to de-risk over a defined time period (20 years) such that the projected technical provisions at that point in time would be within a certain distance of the Trustee's self - sufficiency measure.There is no longer any assumption that the investment strategy will de-risk towards a self-sufficiency strategy, the dual discount rate approach means that the technical provisions will respond naturally to any changes in the maturity and liability profile of the scheme.

There has been a significant fall in gilt yields between 31 March 2018 and 31 March 2020. While the assumptions are expressed relatively to gilt yields, the Statement of Funding Principles does not specify a fixed premium above gilts for the pre- and post- retirement portfolios. The premiums adopted as at 31 March 2020 are higher than might be expected at other dates, based on market conditions prevailing at that date.

Expectations for RPI price inflation's have reduced since 2018 valuation and the expected gap between RPI and CPI has also reduced reflecting government proposals. The assumption for CPI at the 2020 valuation, and associated pension increases is slightly higher than that adopted in 2018.

The mortality assumption has also been updated based on more recent mortality experience analysis. The updated mortality assumption results in slightly shorter assumed life expectancies than at the previous valuation.

Minor updates have been made to other demographics assumptions, including a change to the proportion of members assumed to leave a dependant entitled to a pension following their death. These changes have led to a slight reduction in the technical provisions compared to the previous assumptions.

The allowance for additional assumed investment returns in the recovery plan differs from the last valuation - there was no similar allowance made in 2018.

A new deficit recovery plan was put in place as part of the 2020 valuation which requires payment of 0% of salaries over the period 1 October 2021 to 30 September 2022, followed by 3% from 1 October 2022 and increasing by a further 3% every 6 months up to 18% from 1 April 2025 and then 20% from 1 October to 2025, this will be the rate of recovery up until 31 July 2032. This recovery plan is based on the JNC recommendation not being implemented.

It was determined that difference assumptions should apply dependent on whether or not a deed has been entered into effecting the recommendation of the JNC on or before 28 February 2022 and therefore the valuation report as at 31 March 2020 covers both possibilities. For the purpose of the deficit recovery liability included within the accounts the figures reflecting the JNC recommendations not being implemented have been used to portray the worst case scenario.

The pension commitments as at 31 December 2022 show a decrease in comparison to 2021 with a £49,455 change in expected contributions.

continued...

Page 22

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

10.
COMPARATIVES FOR THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES - 31
Unrestricted
fund
£
INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS FROM
Donations and legacies
5,000
Charitable activities
Advancing English
210,214
Investment income
79
Total
215,293
EXPENDITURE ON
Charitable activities
Advancing English
375,300
NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE)
(160,007)
RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS
Total funds brought forward
231,193
TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD
71,186
11.
PRIOR YEAR ADJUSTMENT		 DECEMBER 2020
Restricted
Total
funds
funds
£
£
-
5,000
-
210,214
-
79
-
215,293
100
375,400
(100)
(160,107)
1,329
232,522
1,229
72,415		 DECEMBER 2020
Restricted
Total
funds
funds
£
£
-
5,000
-
210,214
-
79
-
215,293
100
375,400
(100)
(160,107)
1,329
232,522
1,229
72,415
215,293
375,400
(160,107)
232,522
72,415

The prior year adjustment relates to publication costs which should have been recognised in 2021.

12. TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

COST
At 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022
DEPRECIATION
At 1 January 2022
Charge for year
At 31 December 2022
NET BOOK VALUE
At 31 December 2022
At 31 December 2021		 Fixtures
and
Office
Computer
fittings
equipment
equipment
£
£
£
2,597
3,572
50,837
2,279
3,353
50,036
21
47
570
2,300
3,400
50,606
297
172
231
318
219
801		 Totals
£
57,006
55,668
638
56,306
700
1,338

continued...

Page 23

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

13.
DEBTORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
Trade debtors
Prepayments and accrued income
14.
CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
Trade creditors
Other creditors
Accruals and deferred income
15.
MOVEMENT IN FUNDS
Prior
year
At 1.1.22
adjustment
£
£
Unrestricted funds
General fund
71,186
(23,047)
Restricted funds
Beatrice White fund
1,099
-
Betty Haigh prize fund
130
-
1,229
-
TOTAL FUNDS
72,415
(23,047)
Net movement in funds, included in the above are as follows:
Incoming
resources
£
Unrestricted funds
General fund
224,055
Restricted funds
Beatrice White fund
100
Betty Haigh prize fund
-
100
TOTAL FUNDS
224,155		 2022
2021
£
£
-
6,491
47,551
41,149
47,551
47,640
2022
2021
£
£
712
1,956
347
12,796
14,869
14,869
15,928
29,621
Net
movement
At
in funds
31.12.22
£
£
82,242
130,381
100
1,199
(20)
110
80
1,309
82,322
131,690
Resources
Movement
expended
in funds
£
£
(141,813)
82,242
-
100
(20)
(20)
(20)
80
(141,833)
82,322

continued...

Page 24

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

15. MOVEMENT IN FUNDS - continued

Comparatives for movement in funds

At 1.1.21
£
Unrestricted funds
General fund
231,193
Restricted funds
Beatrice White fund
1,199
Betty Haigh prize fund
130
1,329
TOTAL FUNDS
232,522
Comparative net movement in funds, included in the above are as follows:
Incoming
resources
£
Unrestricted funds
General fund
215,293
Restricted funds
Beatrice White fund
-
TOTAL FUNDS
215,293		 Net
movement
At
in funds
31.12.21
£
£
(160,007)
71,186
(100)
1,099
-
130
(100)
1,229
(160,107)
72,415
Resources
Movement
expended
in funds
£
£
(375,300)
(160,007)
(100)
(100)
(375,400)
(160,107)

PROFESSOR BEATRICE WHITE PRIZE FUND

The Professor Beatrice White Fund was established in 1988. The annual prize of £100 is awarded to the outstanding scholarly article in the field of English Literature before 1590, noted in the current volume of The Year's Work in English Studies.

As of 31 December 2022 £200 (2021: £300) of prizes were unpaid relating to the years 2018 and 2019.

BETTY HAIGH FUND

The Betty Haigh Fund was established in 1996 and is used to finance the Betty Haigh Shakespeare Prize Competition, an essay competition open to all A Level students of English Literature.

Page 25

continued...

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

16. RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES

There were no related party transactions for the year ended 31 December 2022.

Page 26

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

DETAILED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS
Donations and legacies
Grants
Investment income
Deposit account interest
Charitable activities
Subscriptions
Publications
Conference Income
Other
Total incoming resources
EXPENDITURE
Charitable activities
Wages
Social security
Pensions
Conference expenses
Publication costs
Support costs
Management
Rent, rates and insurance
Telephone
Postage and stationery
Sundries
Training
Committee expenses
Computer costs
Prizes and awards
Recruitment
Fixtures and fittings
Office equipment
Computer equipment		 2022
£
-
367
91,319
128,853
3,185
431
223,788
224,155
86,464
8,111
(29,117)
420
43,673
109,551
9,104
50
527
1,319
-
746
12,642
616
150
21
48
570
25,793		 2021
£
5,000
79
90,988
118,759
-
467
210,214
215,293
124,673
11,316
161,022
-
36,297
333,308
7,962
(84)
764
1,419
65
312
19,927
1,996
-
22
20
781
33,184

This page does not form part of the statutory financial statements

Page 27

THE ENGLISH ASSOCIATION

DETAILED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Management
Finance
Bank charges
Bookkeeping
Governance costs
Independent examiners remuneration
Total resources expended
Net income/(expenditure)		 2022
£
796
3,233
4,029
2,460
141,833
82,322		 2021
£
1,076
5,570
6,646
2,262
375,400
(160,107)

This page does not form part of the statutory financial statements

Page 28