Charity registration number: 1117357 

**THE BOOK BUS FOUNDATION TRUSTEES' REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025** 

Ripe LLP Chartered Accountants 9a Burroughs Gardens London NW4 4AU 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Contents** 

||**Page**|
|---|---|
|Trustees' Report|3|
|Independent Examiner's Report|14|
|Statement of Financial Activities|15|
|Comparative Statement of Financial Activities|16|
|Statement of Financial Position|17|
|Notes to the Financial Statements|19-27|
|The following pages do not form part of the statutory accounts:||
|Detailed Statement of Financial Activities|28|



2 

**The Book Bus Foundation Trustees' Report for The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

The trustees present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2025. 

## **Reference and Administrative Details** 

## **Trustees** 

Mr J Pennells Mr J Bruce Mr D Gordon 

**Charity Number** 1117357 

**Principal Address** 11 The Orchard Montpelier Road Ealing W5 2QW 

## **Independent Examiner** 

Robert Glazer FCA Chartered Accountants Ripe LLP Chartered Accountants 9a Burroughs Gardens London NW4 4AU 

3 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Trustees' Report (continued) For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

## **Statement of Trustees' Responsibilities** 

The trustees are responsible for preparing the Trustees' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). 

The law applicable to charities in England and Wales requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charity and of the incoming resources and application of resources of the charity for that period. In preparing the financial statements the trustees are required to: 

- select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

- observe the methods and principles in the Charity SORP; 

- make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and 

- prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charity will continue in business. 

The trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at anytime the financial position of the charity and to enable them to ensure that the accounts comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Charity (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 and the provisions of the trust deed. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the charity's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. The trustees' report was approved by the board of trustees and signed on its behalf by: 

Mr D Gordon Trustee ate 

4 

## **TRUSTEES ANNUAL REPORT** 

## **01 APRIL 2024 31 MARCH 2025** 

I am pleased to present the annual report for the Book Bus Foundation, detailing our progress and achievements over the past year. 

## **202** ~~**4** -~~ **2025** 

Throughout the year, the Book Bus Foundation has continued its mission to improve child literacy by connecting children, parents, and teachers with quality books and resources. Across the Kitwe and Kalulushi Districts, over **3,200 children** are transforming their futures by mastering the life-changing skill of literacy; these learners are at the heart of our **"I am a Reader"** initiative, gaining daily access to the quality books and personalized support they need to thrive. Even during school holidays, thousands of children continued their journey of discovery, finding a safe space to learn and grow at our "Free to All" Holiday Clubs. 

## **Impact and Outcomes:** 

We continue to witness tangible results in the schools we serve. The 6 project schools in Kitwe have received classroom libraries, teacher training and learner mentoring. Additionally, our emphasis on informing head teachers and teaching staff has further strengthened literacy education within these schools. 

Over 1,500 children attended our Summer Holiday Clubs in 2024, some discovering for the first time the meaning of climate change and others exploring some of the issues surrounding gender discrimination - and all of this through the lens of a library of fantastic children's books! 

## **Financial Highlights & Efficiency** 

The Book Bus Foundation remains in a robust financial position, concluding the year with **£102,647 in net assets** , including £77,000 in cash reserves. While annual turnover of **£85,640** reflects a **-** scheduled decline following two major one off grants, our underlying funding base remains strong. 

- **90% Direct Impact:** We are proud to report that nearly **90% of all funds raised** are spent directly on program delivery and local employment in Zambia. 

- **Major Milestone:** Significant funding from the Inner Wheel enabled the delivery of our newest bus in August 2024 and fully funded the first year of its "I am a Reader" program operations. 

- **Cost Efficiency:** Favourable exchange rates and streamlined operations allow us to support a child’s literacy journey for just **£24 per year** . **Strong Governance:** Oversight by two finance-specialist Trustees and the implementation of interest-bearing, ring-fenced accounts ensure that every donation is managed with maximum transparency and impact. 

## **The Path Ahead: Empowering the Next Generation** 

Looking forward, thousands more children are set to begin their own reading adventures. In January 2025, students in 10 additional schools have had the chance to open their first storybooks with us, a number we aim to repeat in 2026. These young learners will gain the tools to express their ideas, lead their communities, and build futures full of possibility. 

5 

Every breakthrough and every new word mastered by our students this year has been made possible by the unwavering support of our Donors and the hard work of the Board, our staff and volunteers in Zambia and our partner organisations. Together, we will continue to inspire a love for reading, empower communities, and transform lives through literacy. 

Thank you for your continued support. 

----------------------------------------- 

Mr D Gordon Trustee 28 Jan 2026 Date 

6 

## **THE BOOK BUS IN ZAMBIA** 

Since 2006, the Book Bus Foundation has worked directly on the ground to ensure that quality books sit at the heart of when a child connects with a book, they unlock a lifelong joy of learning. Rather than simply funding other programs, we manage our own literacy projects to ensure every child receives the high-impact, personal support they deserve. 

## **The Challenges Children Face** 

For many children in Zambia, the path to literacy is steep. Data shows that 91% of Grade 2 students and 78% of Grade 3 students struggle to read even a single word. Without the ability to read, these children face a cycle of long-term poverty. 

Furthermore, as the next generation of farmers, Zambian children must prepare for a future shaped by climate change. Literacy is their most vital tool; it allows them to learn how to mitigate the droughts and floods that threaten their communities. Amidst these challenges, reading remains a beacon of hope for a more resilient future. 

## **The "I am a Reader" Transformation** 

Since 2017, over 10,000 children in 52 schools have seen their literacy rates triple through our holistic approach. In these schools, students engage in a daily "Literacy Hour" and explore classroom libraries filled with 500 curated books in English and local languages. This environment, supported by specially trained teachers, transforms the way children experience education. 

## **202** ~~**4**~~ **2025: IMPACT BY THE NUMBERS** 

**90% Efficiency:** Nearly 90% of all funds raised are spent directly on delivering programs in Zambia and supporting local employment. 

**£24 Per Child:** The remarkably low annual cost to provide life-changing literacy support to a single student. 

**3,200 Learners:** Total children receiving intensive literacy support across 6 project schools in Kitwe and Kalulushi this year. 

**12.6% Reduction in Non-Readers:** A significant decrease in the number of students at the lowest reading levels (Nothing/Letter) following our intervention. 

**£85,640 Raised:** Total income for the period, representing a 50% increase in funding compared to the previous year. 

**2,842 Books Provided:** High-quality books supplied free of charge to project schools to establish classroom libraries. 

**1,510 Holiday Club Attendees:** Children who accessed free reading sessions and mentorship during school breaks. 

Our success is validated by the FLAT tool, which tracks students as they progress from basic letter recognition to full reading comprehension. These positive trends show that Zambian students are not only meeting international standards but are becoming the high-achieving readers of the future. 

## **Expanding Opportunities: 202** ~~**4 2**~~ **026** 

We have created a blueprint that allows more children to benefit from this success. In 2024, 3,200 learners in six schools are receiving intensive literacy support. Building on this momentum, we plan to bring these life-changing resources to 10 additional schools in 2025 and another 10 in 2026. By replicating this proven model, we are accelerating the journey for thousands more children to create a better future through the power of reading. 

7 

## **PROJECT OUTCOMES** 

## **Monitoring and Evaluation** 

Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability, and Learning (MEAL) is critical to refining the **"I am a Reader"** approach. It identifies successful strategies, allowing us to adjust activities for maximum efficiency. We measure reading improvements using the **Functional Literacy Assessment Tool (FLAT)** , conducting baseline and end line tests to capture tangible growth. To track progress, we monitor learner participation, reading corner establishment, and teacher training completion. Quarterly reports and final reviews provide transparency and help calculate the total project cost per beneficiary. 

## **Outcomes for Children** 

The program aims to motivate children to attend school by providing free, regular access to highquality books. As their reading confidence increases, they achieve better educational results. This success relies on a collaborative support network of parents and teachers, ensuring that progress made in the classroom is reinforced and sustained in the home environment. 

## **Outcomes for parents** 

encouraging consistent school attendance. Parents learn to contribute to student achievements through homebased support and encouragement. Engaging parents is a longreputation for excellence, eventually creating a community-wide culture of academic commitment. 

## **Outcomes for teachers** 

The primary outcome for teachers is proficiency with new books and instructional resources. By learning how to incorporate these materials into everyday lessons, teachers adopt improved practices that lead to significantly better results for their students. 

## **Outcomes for Schools** 

Each project school receives a curated collection of books in English and local languages, forming the foundation of a robust literacy structure. Supported by informed head teachers and knowledgeable staff, schools offer more attractive learning environments that foster reading enjoyment and encourage higher levels of student participation and attendance. 

8 

**ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2024/25** 

## **ACTIVITIES IN ZAMBIA** 

## **"I am a Reader" Project (2024)** 

Despite a national cholera outbreak delaying the school year until February, the "I am a Reader" project launched in April 2024 across six schools in Kitwe and Kalulushi, supporting over 3,200 learners. 

## **Key Participants:** 

- **The Book Bus Team:** A Reading Coordinator, three link teachers, and two driver-mentors led the delivery. 

- **School Teachers:** 66 teachers completed 22 hours of phonics training and received specialized "teacher packs." 

- **Mentors & Parents:** University volunteers provided small-group reading support, while parent workshops improved literacy engagement at home. 

- **District Education Board:** Encouraged school participation through District Resource Centres. 

**Direct Impact:** The team provided mentored reading to 3200 students and established 12 classroom reading corners. To bolster these learning environments, we supplied 2,842 books free of charge and trained 68 teachers on techniques to bring literature to life in the classroom. 

**Holiday Club Projects:** Thirteen Holiday Clubs held in August and December 2024 served 1,510 children. These clubs provided free access to out-of-school reading sessions, interactive learning, and unlimited book access during school breaks. 

We also trained seven local volunteer mentors who serve as vital role models. Their presence in the community provides children with the inspiration and motivation to attend school and pursue a full education. 

9 

## **FLAT Test summary for 2024** 

**What is "Functional Literacy"?** Our project analysis focuses on the movement of learners across the **Functional Literacy Assessment Tool (FLAT)** levels, from Level 0 (Nothing) to Level 6 (Advanced Functional Literacy). Reaching Level 5 or 6 on the FLAT scale means a child can read a complete story and answer comprehension questions correctl ~~y t~~ he critical threshold for lifelong learning. 

A baseline assessment of 3318 students was conducted in April 2024 and an end line assessment of 3051 was conducted in January 2025 

## **Summary of Key Findings** 

Overall, there was a positive shift in reading ability from Baseline to end line in 2024: 

1. **Reduction in Lowest Levels:** The percentage of students in the lowest two levels ( **Nothing** and **Letter** reading) decreased by a total of 12.6 percentage points (from 51.4 to 38.7). 

2. **Increase in Functional Literacy:** The percentage of students who achieved **Functional Literacy** (defined as reaching FLAT Level 5 or 6, i.e., reading a story with comprehension) increased by 3.7 percentage points, moving from 9.2 at Baseline to 12.8 at end line. 

3. **Highest Gains in Mid-Levels:** The most significant percentage point gain was seen in the **Story** reading level (FLAT Level 4), which increased by 3.8 percentage points. 

The chart below visualizes the shift in the distribution of students across all reading levels. The increased area at the top of the Endline bar (Levels 5 and 6) and the decreased area at the bottom (Levels 0 and 1) clearly demonstrates the positive learning gain. 

10 

## **ACTIVITIES IN THE UK** 

**Supporting Literacy from London: The Launch of "Matilda"** The International Service Committee of The Inner Wheel Clubs of Great Britain and Ireland selected The Book Bus as its primary international fundraising project for 2023/24. Through their generous donation of **£40,000** , we purchased our newest vehicle, "Matilda," in April 2024 and funded its crew and operations for the first 12 months. Delivered to Zambia in June, Matilda is already providing thousands of children with consistent reading support and free book access. 

To celebrate this milestone, the Zambia High Commission in London hosted over 50 supporters and staff in September 2024. A highlight of the event was a live video link with students from Salamano Primary School in Zambia, who shared the impact of the program firsthand. Guests enjoyed a selection of Zambian-inspired **canapés** prepared by our Country Director, Monica Mulenga, as the CEO and Pam Boyes of The Inner Wheel officially launched Matilda into service. 

11 

**THE BOOK BUS TEAM IN 2024/25** 

## **Founder:** 

Tom Maschler 

## **Patron:** 

Sir Quentin Blake 

## **Board of Trustees (UK)** 

David Gordon Jon Pennells John Bruce 

## **Secretary to the Board** 

Emil Kowalski 

## **Executives:** 

David Gordon - Chief Executive Officer 

## **Board of Directors (Book Bus Zambia)** 

Monica Mulenga Ethel Mulenga 

**Staff** (Zambia): Monica Mulenga Country Director 

Caroline Chimba Reading Coordinator Mulilwa Mulilwa Link Teacher Precious Musatila - Link Teacher Kaela Chisimba Link Teacher Raggie Mushili Driver and reading mentor 

## **Livingstone Library Project:** 

Jackline Simabila - Library staff James Sakala - Library staff Edward Sakala - Driver and reading mentor 

## **ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS** 

The Trustees of the Book Bus would like to thank on behalf of our beneficiaries the generosity of our many supporters, i literacy and the joy of reading. 

12 

## **FINANCIAL REVIEW** 

Turnover for the latest year was £85,640. This was a approx decline of £19,000 from the previous 12 months which had benefited from two sizable successful grant applications. Despite this decline the charity is still in a strong financial position with net assets of £102,647 which includes cash in the bank of £77,923. 

## 1) INCOME GROWTH 

The Inner Wheel has been mentioned in previous years and has continued to raise significant funds for us over the last year.  They have been instrumental in funding a new bus, which was program. 

We would be nowhere without the continued support of our regular donors and those who have responded to our various campaigns during the year - thank you all, your ongoing support is essential to our charity. 

The majority of funds raised by Inner Wheel are ring-fenced as restricted funds in these accounts and are held in a separate bank account. 

Every penny raised makes a difference to a child and we are proud to announce that nearly 90% of money raised is spent directly delivering our program in Zambia, employing Zambian people. 

## 2) FINANCIAL GOVERNANCE 

Financial Governance within the charity has remained strong with the continuation of two Trustees with financial backgrounds. 

During this year an interest-bearing savings account has been opened to ensure that we maximise the interest earned on funds raised, before they are spent. 

Restricted funds have been ring fenced in a separate bank account. 

## 3) EXCHANGE RATE 

A significant portion of our costs are denominated in the Zambian Kwacha. The exchange rate has continued to be in our favour, which has helped minimise our Zambian expenditure. 

The Book Bus prides itself in delivering high quality impact for every pound, dollar or kwacha raised. To illustrate the Book Bus's impactful reach, consider that with minimal funding, it costs only £24 per child annually to deliver the program. With this modest investment, we have measured an increase in child literacy levels of up to 200% in 12 months. (Build It Project, Zambia 2023) 

13 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Independent Examiner's Report to the Trustees of The Book Bus Foundation For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

I report to the trustees on my examination of the accounts of The Book Bus Foundation (the Trust) for the year ended 31 March 2025. 

## **Responsibilities and Basis of Report** 

The trustees are responsible for the preparation of the accounts. The trustees consider that an audit is not required for this year under section 144(2) of the Charities Act 2011 (the 2011 Act) and that an independent examination is needed. 

## It is my responsibility to: 

section 

145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act; and 

ate whether particular matters have come to my attention. 

My examination was carried out in accordance with the general Directions given by the Charity Commission. An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and a comparison of the accounts presented with those records. It also includes consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and seeking explanations from you as trustees concerning any such matters. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would be required in an audit and consequently no opinion is given as to whether the accounts present a ‘true and fair view’ and the report is limited to those matters set out in the next statement. 

## **Independent Examiner's Statement** 

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no material matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe that in any material respect: 

1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the Trust as required by section 130 of the Act; or 

2. the accounts do not accord with those records; or 

3. the accounts do not comply with the applicable requirements concerning the form and contents of accounts set out in the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 other than any requirement that the accounts give a 'true and fair view' which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination. 

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached. 

--------------------------------------------- 

Robert Glazer FCA Chartered Accountants Date 29 Jan 2026 9a Burroughs Gardens London NW4 4AU 

14 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Statement of Financial Activities For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

|**Notes**<br>**INCOME AND**<br>**ENDOWMENTS FROM:**<br>Donations and legacies<br>**3**<br>Other<br>**4**<br>**EXPENDITURE ON:**<br>Raising funds<br>**6**<br>Charitable activities:<br>**6**<br>Charitable activities<br>Other expenditures<br>NET INCOME<br>Transfers between funds<br>**14**<br>NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS<br>**RECONCILIATION OF**<br>**FUNDS:**<br>Total funds brought forward<br>TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED<br>FORWARD<br>**14**|**Unrestricted**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br>45,095<br>215|<br>**Restricted**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>40,545<br> <br>-|**2025**<br>**Total funds **<br>**£**<br> <br>85,640<br>215|**2024**<br> **Total funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>104,650<br> <br>-|
|---|---|---|---|---|
||45,310|<br>40,545|<br>85,855|<br>104,650|
||(1,390)<br>(32,566)<br>(12,370)|-<br>(1,476)<br>(53)|(1,390)<br>(34,042)<br>(12,423)|(223)<br>(35,104)<br>(6,397)|
||(46,326)|(1,529)|(47,855)|(41,724)|
||(1,016)<br>44,450|39,016<br> <br>(44,450)|<br>38,000<br>-|<br>62,926<br>-|
||43,434<br>50,547|<br>(5,434)<br> <br>14,100|38,000<br> <br>64,647|<br>62,926<br> <br>1,721|
||93,981|<br>8,666|<br>102,647|<br>64,647|



The notes on below pages form part of these financial statements. 

15 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Comparative Statement of Financial Activities For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

|**Notes**<br>**INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS FROM:**<br>Donations and legacies<br>**3**<br>**EXPENDITURE ON:**<br>Raising funds<br>**6**<br>Charitable activities:<br>**6**<br>Charitable activities<br>Other expenditures<br>NET INCOME<br>Transfers between funds<br>**14**<br>NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS<br>**RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS:**<br>Total funds brought forward<br>TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD<br>**14**|**Unrestricted**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br>94,383|<br>**Restricted**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>10,267|**2024**<br>**Total funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>104,650|
|---|---|---|---|
||(223)<br>(33,708)<br>(6,397)|-<br>(1,396)<br>-|(223)<br>(35,104)<br>(6,397)|
||(40,328)|(1,396)|(41,724)|
||54,055<br>(790)|<br>8,871<br>790|<br>62,926<br> <br>-|
||53,265<br>(2,718)|<br>9,661<br>4,439|<br>62,926<br> <br>1,721|
||50,547|<br>14,100|<br>64,647|



The notes on below pages form part of these financial statements. 

16 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Statement of Financial Position As At 31 March 2025** 

|**Notes**<br>**FIXED ASSETS**<br>Tangible Assets<br>**10**<br>**CURRENT ASSETS**<br>Stocks<br>**11**<br>Debtors<br>**12**<br>Cash at bank and in hand<br>**Creditors: Amounts Falling**<br>**Due Within One Year**<br>**13**<br>**NET CURRENT ASSETS**<br>**(LIABILITIES)**<br>**TOTAL ASSETS LESS**<br>**CURRENT LIABILITIES**<br>**NET ASSETS**<br>**FUNDS OF THE CHARITY**<br>Restricted Funds<br>Unrestricted Funds<br>TOTAL FUNDS<br>**14**|**Unrestricted**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br>20,647|<br>**Restricted**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>-|**2025**<br>**Total funds **<br>**£**<br>20,647|**2024**<br> **Total funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>-|
|---|---|---|---|---|
||20,647<br>3,113<br>1,964<br>69,257|<br>-<br> <br>-<br> <br>-<br> <br>8,666|20,647<br>3,113<br>1,964<br> <br>77,923|<br>-<br> <br>3,113<br> <br>43,214<br> <br>19,320|
||74,334<br>(1,000)|<br>8,666<br>-|<br>83,000<br>(1,000 )|<br>65,647<br>(1,000 )|
||**73,334**|<br>**8,666**|<br>**82,000**|<br>**64,647**|
||**93,981**|<br>**8,666**|<br>**102,647**|<br>**64,647**|
||**93,981**|<br>**8,666**|<br>**102,647**|<br>**64,647**|
||||8,666<br>93,981|<br>14,100<br> <br>50,547|
||||102,647|<br>64,647|



17 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Statement of Financial Position As At 31 March 2025** 

The financial statements were approved by the board of trustees on ..................... and were signed on its behalf by: 

Mr D Gordon Trustee 

The notes on below pages form part of these financial statements. 

18 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Notes to the Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

## **1. General Information** 

The Book Bus Foundation is an unincorporated charity registered with the Charity Commission, registered charity number 1117357. 

The principal address is 11 The Orchard, Montpelier Road, Ealing, W5 2QW. 

## **2. Accounting Policies** 

## **2.1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements** 

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Charities SORP (FRS 102) "Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019)", Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland" and the Charities Act 2011. 

The charity is a Public Benefit Entity as defined by FRS 102. 

Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy notes. 

The financial statements are presented in Sterling (£) and figures are shown to the nearest whole pound. 

## **2.2. Financial Reporting Standard 102 - Reduced Disclosure Exemptions** 

The charity has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland": 

the requirements of Section 7 Statement of Cash Flows and Section 3 Financial Statement Presentation paragraph 3.17 (d). 

## **2.3. Going Concern Disclosure** 

The trustees have not identified any material uncertainties related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt about the charity's ability to continue as a going concern. 

## **2.4. Fund Accounting** 

Unrestricted funds can be used in accordance with the charitable objectives at the discretion of the trustees. 

Restricted income funds are those donated for use in a particular area or for specific purposes, the use of which is restricted to that area or purpose. 

## **2.5. Incoming Resources** 

Income including donations, gifts, legacies and grants that provide core funding or are of a general nature is recognised when the charity has entitlement to the income, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured with sufficient reliability. 

19 

**The Book Bus Foundation Notes to the Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

## **2.6. Resources Expended** 

All expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to that expenditure, it is probable settlement is required and the amount can be measured reliably. All costs are allocated to the applicable expenditure heading that aggregate similar costs to that category. Where costs cannot be directly attributed to particular headings they have been allocated on a basis consistent with the use of resources, with central staff costs allocated on the basis of time spent, and based on the spread of staff costs. 

## **Raising funds** 

These are costs incurred in attracting income, the management of investments and those incurred in trading activities that raise funds. 

## **Charitable activities** 

Charitable expenditure comprises those costs incurred by the charity in the delivery of its activities and services for its beneficiaries. It includes both costs that can be allocated directly to such activities and those costs of an indirect nature necessary to support them. 

## **Support costs** 

Support costs include central functions and have been allocated to activity cost categories on a basis consistent with the use of resources, for example, allocating property costs by floor areas, or per capita, staff costs by the time spent and other costs by their usage. 

## **2.7. Tangible Fixed Assets and Depreciation** 

Tangible fixed assets are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of the fixed assets, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives on the following bases: 

Motor Vehicles 5 years 

## **2.8. Stocks and Work in Progress** 

Stocks and work in progress are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value after making due allowance for obsolete and slow-moving stocks. 

Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Cost includes all direct costs and an appropriate proportion of fixed and variable overheads. 

Work in progress is reflected in the accounts on a contract by contract basis by recording turnover and related costs as contract activity progresses. 

At the end of each reporting period stocks are assessed for impairment. If an item of stock is impaired, the identified stock is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell and an impairment charge is recognised in the statement of financial activities. Where a reversal of the impairment is required the impairment charge is reversed, up to the original impairment loss, and is recognised as a credit in the statement of financial activities. 

## **2.9. Cash and Cash Equivalents** 

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand and deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and are readily convertible to a known amount of cash with insignificant risk of change in value, and bank overdrafts. 

20 

**The Book Bus Foundation Notes to the Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

## **2.10. Taxation** 

The charity is considered to pass the tests set out in Paragraph 1 Schedule 6 of the Finance Act 2010 and therefore it meets the definition of a charitable company for UK corporation tax purposes. Accordingly, the charity is potentially exempt from taxation in respect of income or capital gains received within categories covered by Chapter 3 Part 11 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010 or Section 256 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992, to the extent that such income or gains are applied exclusively to charitable purposes. 

## **2.11. Pensions** 

The charity operates a defined pension contribution scheme. Contributions are charged to the Statement of Financial Activities as they become payable in accordance with the rules of the scheme. 

## **2.12. Trade debtors** 

Trade debtors are amounts due from customers for merchandise sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. They are recognised initially at the transaction price. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. A provision for the impairment of is established when there is objective evidence that the will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. 

## **2.13. Trade creditors** 

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if the does not have an unconditional right, at the end of the reporting period, to defer settlement of the creditor for at least twelve months after the reporting date. If there is an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting date, they are presented as non-current liabilities. 

They are recognised initially at the transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

## **3. Income from Donations and Legacies** 

|Donations and gifts<br>Donations and gifts|**Unrestricted **<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br>45,095|**Restricted**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>40,545|**2025**<br>**Total**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>85,640|
|---|---|---|---|
||**Unrestricted **<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br>94,383|**Restricted**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>10,267|**2024**<br>**Total**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br> <br>104,650|



21 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Notes to the Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

## **4. Other Income** 

|**. Other Income**|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|Interest income<br>**. Net Income/(Expenditure)**<br>he net income is stated after charging/(crediting):<br>Depreciation of tangible fixed assets - owned<br>**. Analysis of Expenditure**<br>Raising funds<br>Charitable activities<br>Other expenditures<br>Raising funds<br>Charitable activities<br>Other expenditures|**2025**<br>**Unrestricted funds**<br>**£**<br>215||**2024**<br>**Unrestricted funds**<br>**£**<br>-||
||**Activities**<br>**undertaken**<br>**directly**<br>(see note7)<br>**£**<br>1,390<br>33,486<br>-|**2025**<br>**£**<br>3,200||**2024**<br>**£**<br>-|
|||<br>**Support**<br>**costs**<br>(see note8)<br>**£**<br>-<br>556<br>12,423||**2025**<br> <br>**Total**<br>**£**<br>1,390<br>34,042<br>12,423|
||34,876|12,979||47,855|
||**Activities**<br>**undertaken**<br>**directly**<br>(see note7)<br>**£**<br>223<br>35,104<br>-|<br>**Support**<br>**costs**<br>(see note8)<br>**£**<br>-<br>-<br>6,397||**2024**<br> <br>**Total**<br>**£**<br>223<br>35,104<br>6,397|
||35,327|6,397||41,724|



## **5. Net Income/(Expenditure)** 

The net income is stated after charging/(crediting): 

## **6. Analysis of Expenditure** 

22 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Notes to the Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

## **7. Direct Costs** 

|Fundraising activities:<br>Advertising, marketing, direct mail and publicity<br>Cost of goods sold:<br>Purchases<br>General administration:<br>Other vehicle costs<br>Other:<br>Other direct costs<br>Fundraising activities:<br>Advertising, marketing, direct mail and publicity<br>Cost of goods sold:<br>Purchases<br>Employee costs:<br>Travel and subsistence expenses<br>General administration:<br>Other vehicle costs<br>Other:<br>Other direct costs|**Raising**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br>800<br>-<br>-<br>590|**Charitable**<br>**activities**<br>**£**<br>-<br>2,075<br>5,072<br>26,339|**2025**<br>**Total**<br>**£**<br>800<br>2,075<br>5,072<br>26,929|
|---|---|---|---|
||1,390|33,486|34,876|
||**Raising**<br>**funds**<br>**£**<br>223<br>-<br>-<br>-<br>-|**Charitable**<br>**activities**<br>**£**<br>-<br>1,594<br>98<br>481<br>32,931|**2024**<br>**Total**<br>**£**<br>223<br>1,594<br>98<br>481<br>32,931|
||223|35,104|35,327|



23 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Notes to the Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

## **8. Support Costs** 

|Employee costs:<br>Travel and subsistence expenses<br>General administration:<br>Printing, postage and stationery<br>Website costs<br>Subscriptions<br>Other office costs<br>Depreciation:<br>Depreciation of motor vehicles<br>Employee costs:<br>Travel and subsistence expenses<br>General administration:<br>Printing, postage and stationery<br>Website costs<br>Legal fees<br>Consultancy fees<br>Other office costs|**Charitable**<br>**activities**<br>**Other**<br>**expenditures**<br>**£**<br>**£**<br>556<br>433<br>-<br>195<br>-<br>7,134<br>-<br>255<br>-<br>1,206<br>-<br>3,200|**Charitable**<br>**activities**<br>**Other**<br>**expenditures**<br>**£**<br>**£**<br>556<br>433<br>-<br>195<br>-<br>7,134<br>-<br>255<br>-<br>1,206<br>-<br>3,200|**Charitable**<br>**activities**<br>**Other**<br>**expenditures**<br>**£**<br>**£**<br>556<br>433<br>-<br>195<br>-<br>7,134<br>-<br>255<br>-<br>1,206<br>-<br>3,200|**2025**<br>**Total**<br>**£**<br>989<br>195<br>7,134<br>255<br>1,206<br>3,200|
|---|---|---|---|---|
||556|12,423||12,979|
||||**2024**<br>**Other**<br>**expenditures**<br>**£**<br>143<br>117<br>3,456<br>13<br>1,302<br>1,366||
||||6,397||



## **9. Average Number of Employees** 

Average number of employees during the year was: 4 (2024: 4) 

24 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Notes to the Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

|**10. Tangible Assets**<br>**Cost or Valuation**<br>As at 1 April 2024<br>Additions<br>As at 31 March 2025<br>**Depreciation**<br>As at 1 April 2024<br>Provided during the period<br>As at 31 March 2025<br>**Net Book Value**<br>As at 31 March 2025<br>As at 1 April 2024<br>**11. Stocks**<br>**2025**<br>**£**<br>Stock<br>3,113|**Motor**<br>**Vehicles**<br>**£**<br>-<br>23,847|
|---|---|
||23,847|
||-<br>3,200|
||3,200|
||20,647|
||-|
||**2024**<br>**£**<br>3,113|



25 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Notes to the Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

|**12. Debtors**<br>**Due within one year**<br>Trade debtors<br>Other debtors<br>**13. Creditors: Amounts Falling Due Within One Year**<br>Taxation and social security<br>**14. Movement in Funds**<br>**As at 1 April**<br>**2024**<br>**Income**<br>**£**<br>**£**<br>General unrestricted fund<br>50,547<br>45,310<br>Restricted funds<br>14,100<br>40,545<br>**Total funds**<br>64,647<br>85,855<br>**As at 1 April**<br>**2023**<br>**Income**<br>**£**<br>**£**<br>General unrestricted fund<br>(2,718)<br>94,383<br>Restricted funds<br>4,439<br>10,267<br>**Total funds**<br>1,721<br>104,650|**12. Debtors**<br>**Due within one year**<br>Trade debtors<br>Other debtors<br>**13. Creditors: Amounts Falling Due Within One Year**<br>Taxation and social security<br>**14. Movement in Funds**<br>**As at 1 April**<br>**2024**<br>**Income**<br>**£**<br>**£**<br>General unrestricted fund<br>50,547<br>45,310<br>Restricted funds<br>14,100<br>40,545<br>**Total funds**<br>64,647<br>85,855<br>**As at 1 April**<br>**2023**<br>**Income**<br>**£**<br>**£**<br>General unrestricted fund<br>(2,718)<br>94,383<br>Restricted funds<br>4,439<br>10,267<br>**Total funds**<br>1,721<br>104,650|**12. Debtors**<br>**Due within one year**<br>Trade debtors<br>Other debtors<br>**13. Creditors: Amounts Falling Due Within One Year**<br>Taxation and social security<br>**14. Movement in Funds**<br>**As at 1 April**<br>**2024**<br>**Income**<br>**£**<br>**£**<br>General unrestricted fund<br>50,547<br>45,310<br>Restricted funds<br>14,100<br>40,545<br>**Total funds**<br>64,647<br>85,855<br>**As at 1 April**<br>**2023**<br>**Income**<br>**£**<br>**£**<br>General unrestricted fund<br>(2,718)<br>94,383<br>Restricted funds<br>4,439<br>10,267<br>**Total funds**<br>1,721<br>104,650|**Expenditure**<br>**£**<br>(46,326)<br>(1,529)||**2025**<br>**£**<br>-<br>1,964<br>1,964<br>**2025**<br>**£**<br>1,000<br>**Transfers**<br>**£**<br>44,450<br>(44,450)|**2024**<br>**£**<br>41,250<br>1,964|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||||||43,214|
|||||||**2024**<br>**£**<br>1,000|
|||||||**As at 31**<br>**March 2025**<br>**£**<br>93,981<br>8,666|
||64,647|85,855|(47,855)||-|102,647|
||**As at 1 April**<br>**2023**<br>**£**<br>(2,718)<br>4,439|<br>**Income**<br>**£**<br>94,383<br>10,267|**Expenditure**<br>**£**<br>(40,328)<br>(1,396)||**Transfers**<br>**£**<br>(790)<br>790|**As at 31**<br>**March 2024**<br>**£**<br>50,547<br>14,100|
||1,721|104,650|(41,724)||-|64,647|



26 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Notes to the Financial Statements For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

## **15. Transactions with Trustees** 

None of the trustees received any remuneration or any other benefits from an employment with the charity or a related entity during the current or previous year. No trustee expenses have been incurred. 

## **16. Related Party Disclosures** 

There have been no related party transactions in the reporting period that require disclosure. 

27 

## **The Book Bus Foundation Detailed Statement of Financial Activities For The Year Ended 31 March 2025** 

|**INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS FROM:**<br>**Donations and legacies**<br>Donations and gifts<br>**Other**<br>Interest income<br>**EXPENDITURE ON:**<br>**Raising funds**<br>Advertising, marketing, direct mail and publicity<br>Other direct costs<br>**Charitable Activities:**<br>**Charitable activities**<br>Purchases<br>Travel and subsistence expenses<br>Other vehicle costs<br>Other direct costs<br>Travel and subsistence expenses<br>**Other expenditures**<br>Travel and subsistence expenses<br>Printing, postage and stationery<br>Website costs<br>Legal fees<br>Consultancy fees|**2025**<br>**Total funds **<br>**£**<br>85,640|**2024**<br> **Total funds**<br>**£**<br>104,650|
|---|---|---|
||85,640<br>215|104,650<br>-|
||215|-|
||85,855<br>(800)<br>(590)|104,650<br>(223)<br>-|
||(1,390)<br>(2,075)<br>-<br>(5,072)<br>(26,339)<br>(556)|(223)<br>(1,594)<br>(98)<br>(481)<br>(32,931)<br>-|
||(34,042)<br>(433)<br>(195)<br>(7,134)<br>-<br>-|(35,104)<br>(143)<br>(117)<br>(3,456)<br>(13)<br>(1,302)|



28 

- Subscriptions (255) Other office costs (1,206) (1,366) - Depreciation of motor vehicles (3,200) (12,423) (6,397) (47,855) (41,724) **NET INCOME 38,000 62,926** 

## **NET INCOME** 

29 

## **Issuer** 

## **Document generated** 

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## **Audit history log** 

## **Date** 

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Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT 

Robert Glazer signed the envelope (109.73.121 ~~.1~~ ) 

Sent the envelope to Mr Jon Pennells for signing (109.73.121 ~~.1~~ ) Sent the envelope to Accounts Ripe for signing (109.73.121 ~~.1~~ ) 

This envelope has been signed by all parties (109.73.121.1) Signed document confirmation emailed to party email (109.73.121 ~~.1~~ ) Signed document confirmation emailed to party email (109.73.121 ~~.1~~ ) Signed document confirmation emailed to party email (109 ~~.~~ 73.121 ~~.1~~ ) Signed document confirmation emailed to party email (109 ~~.~~ 73.121 ~~.1~~ ) Signed document confirmation emails have been sent to all parties ~~.~~ 

Document URL: 

https://a ~~p~~ i.signab ~~l~~ e.app/shareable/envelope?t=1ac82d59 ~~-~~ f4a ~~f-~~ 4230 ~~-~~ adcb ~~-e~~ c6a4a18ea09 (109 ~~.~~ 73.121 ~~.1~~ ) 

Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:29 GMT Thu, 29th Jan 2026 12:26:30 GMT 

Document emailed to party email 

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