Registered in England Charity No 1116336 **AID AFRICA TRUSTEES' REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2022** ||AID AFRICA TRUSTEES REPORT|| |---|---|---| ||CONTENTS|| |Trustees Report||Page 1 – 7| |Independent Examiners Report||8| |Proft and Loss Accounts Sheet||9| |Balance Sheet||10| |Notes to the Financial Statements||11| ## AID AFRICA TRUSTEES' REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] OCTOBER 2022 The Trustees present their report together with the financial statements for the year ending 31[st] October 2022 The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies and comply with the Charities Trust Deed and the Statement of Recommended Practice ‘Accounting and Reporting by Charities’ issued in March 2005 and applicable law. ## **Trustees at the date of this report** David Mills (Technical Director - Malawi) – Chairman Lynda Mills (Project Director – Malawi) Jenny Palmer (Deputy Chair) – Treasurer Simone Hume Hilda Stoker ## **Address** P O Box 103 Fakenham Norfolk NR21 1BF ## **Other Advisors** ## **Bankers** HSBC, Cromer, Norfolk Accountant Keith Colman – Fakenham Norfolk Independent Examiner Dr D P Ainsworth PhD. – Fakenham, Norfolk Page 1 ## **AID AFRICA/OPEN HAND PROJECTS TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2022** ## **Structure, Governance and Management** Aid Africa is a registered charity constituted and governed by a Trust Deed dated 15th September 2006. Trustees are elected by the governing body i.e. the current Trustees. In the UK, meetings of the Trustees have been held throughout the year, at the AGM new Trustees were appointed, further discussions were held via email due to the Coronavirus restrictions. They receive reports on the work of the charity and progress made. Decisions are made by the Trustees who also seek to ensure that the legal requirements of the Charity Commission and other regulatory bodies are carried out. The charity’s shop in Holt is managed and staffed by volunteers under the oversight of Mrs Jacqui Cross and Mrs Jenny Palmer. In Malawi, the charity employs local Malawians who are involved in the day to day running of the base in Chiringa. Their work is overseen by David & Lynda Mills during their visits to Malawi, and by Les and Kathie Craske, who live in Malawi, and Trustees. Additionally, when they are back in the UK, David and Lynda Mills maintain regular contact with the Craskes and the local OHP workforce by telephone, text and e-mail. ## **Objectives and Activities** The governing document describes the objectives of the charity as being “To relieve poverty and sickness, in particular but not exclusively in Malawi, by supplying resources and advice for agricultural projects” The charity was established with a vision to help to alleviate some of the needs of the most vulnerable in the rural areas of Malawi, and seeks to encourage self-sufficiency within the local communities and discourage dependence, with a robust safeguarding policy in place. Our aim is to encourage, empower, and benefit individuals, households and community groups, in food security, nutrition, education, training, re-forestation and water security. We seek to encourage the spirit of giving and acceptance of all, especially those AIDS affected. In all this the Trustees have had regard to the guidance issued by the Charity Commission on Public Benefit. Volunteers play a very significant role in the life of the charity here in the UK, in the shop, with fund raising and with administration. A number have visited Malawi at their own expense. The charity is indebted to these hard working people. Page 2 Aid Africalopen Hand Projects A double-headed snake under the lable, scovpion in the shower, ants in the ketue, llies in the frKlge.... Malawi has diverse wildlife. but perhaps not as exot"c as the usual Af￿an lions and zebral The worfd of nature blends seamlessly into the INes of all in the rural area￿the climate affects everything... Cyclone Chaos... And the climate was a significant factor this year. In January. amid challenges of covid, Cyclone Ana roared through our area bringing high winds and heavy rains, many homes and ￿1buildIngS were destroyed, roots ripped off and crops flattened in the fields. Malawi declared a national disaster as more than 30 pecple died, 800,000 were affected, with infrastructure and power supplies significanuy damaged. We gave out emergencysupplies, b￿an bulding re¢￿SInJckn. Cathren, 42 ￿ar5 old. struggles with serious but in mid-march another cyc1one-Gombe-devastat￿ the area phys￿al dI￿bilIty. whib canngforlEr4 chIc1￿. again, flooding low areas and leaving many more homeless. So Her house collapsed in the cydones. and sh8 disaster mitigation shaped our plans..... had no income norreSou￿S to rEpla￿ ft. We were able to help and wrthin a few months, Catfiren lyad Ilye keys to her new lyome (below) Reconstruction in the Community We repaired a Community Cenlre we'd built back n 2016. heavily damaged by the stoms. As SO￿ as the floixls h￿1 gone, we raised the floor againsl future llood dama3e and replaced the roof, bringing it back to the highly popular. fully funckn"oning heart of the village, continuing lo host a variety ol health. educaknon and civic events locally and safely. Housing Throughoutlhe communitylhere was devaSta￿On of many hom￿ lost in the cYclone￿e built 5 complete replacements for ullra-vulnerable families, several struggling with disabilities, others frail and AIDS-affecled. We also renovaled another for an elderfy woman wrth 4 orphaned grandchildren, and provided labour to re- construcl 2 more where the materials cojld be recycled. Roofing We provided 85 rolls of plastic sheeting to help festore hundreds of roofs, and replaced 11 complete roofs in Iraditianal thatch for vulnerable families whc6e roofing had collapsed Sanitation Another local Cc￿ceM was the de5truckn.cn of family toilets and the fear of disease as a result of pwr santtakn. Many fragile units had collapsed in the lower lands prone to Ilooding. so we built a sturdy. public facilty that would serve 40 local hCKJsehold￿bOut 150 people, plus all the Childr￿ in the nursery sChoo￿l0r many years to come. But it didn't stop there- the storms also destroy8J toilets on the higher ground. so we built 50 emergency family toilets. basic in design. but invaluable for those unable to rebuild their own. Michesi Primary is a popular local rural school wtth 910 pupils ag8J betsyeen 6-17years of age, 56% girls- and 28 staff, drawing children from 11 villages. It has many challenges. but the most pressing one was Ihe lack of loilet facilities. There was just one small block functioning. with 2 pit4alrines, for all 938 learners and staff. This of course br￿Jght challenges to health. a poluted environment. and importanuy. the loss of ￿lUCati[ for the 289 girfs of menstruating age. absenbng themselves from school several days each month because there were no washroom facilities for them to change in. Parents and the local communty had tried to help in the past, but the buildings collapsed so a sturdy new toilet block for girfs was planned. wrth a washroom...... A huge prt was hand-dug. 6m long and 4m deep, then lined with bricks and the floor slab CC￿creted over the top. The building took shapeAntemal walls were put in place, door frames fitted, walls plastered and )loors laid. Timbers were erected to support the roof and iron sheets added. The building was painted, doors hung. frtted with locks for privacy and the modesty wall built. Responsibility for the building was passed lo the governing board Page 3 Iif:i. Hunger-Food Programme 2021122 At the end of January and February. we gave away the rest ofthe 26,500 kgs of maEe boughl the previous year. to 260 vulnerable house- holds in Chiringa, plus another 60 in Zomba. 50 miles away. Each family was given enough maize for100 meals each month. plus dri&1 soya & soap. This was the height oflhe hunger period, and the food would help get1hem I￿r￿gh to the next maÉze harvest. In total, the FWJ PrcKJramme distributed the maize basi5 for over 100.000 meals durng the thre& month period. Hunger continued . However, just months later, people were hungry again. Due to the cyclones. flocKling. and heavy rains, the maize cobs werenll able to npen and mature. so the annual maEe harvest was poor and grain s￿n ran Then the curr￿cY was devalued by 25%. and the prices soared. So we extended both our Food Tc*en programme. and caSh-fC￿-w0rk Scheme, still grew and gave away fresh vegetables. and re4ntroduced luncheons for the elderfy after covid.... Food Programme 202213 In June, in preparation for December 2022, we sel out to buy in maize, but il was an Urgent race to locale enough al a reasonable price. We didn't wanl to deplele the limited stocks in our immediate area so we had to transpijt from Mozambique. We eventually managed to find 30 lonnes-which was prccessed. drigj. weighed and packed in special grain bags to prevent weevil damage. then stored for distribution during Ihe "hunger perilxl" later in the year. It was regulady monitored to check for any form of deterioratsjn. By November. some damage was noted so it was dl empbed rAJt. sorted. r￿r[￿l and repack￿1 to keep it n the best possible condition. In the meantime market prices r￿e higher than we'd ever known and beyond what most could afford. leaving many Struggl￿7g to find fcod wfth all reserves g¢￿e. So in De￿rnber, in lime for the ChrEtmas Seas(￿. over 450 families (about 2.tKJO people at nskl, in 2 dIStr￿ls, received soap and maize for about 80 meals. This was followed by Ident￿al distributi¢Ms at the end of January and February, leading into the next maize ha￿eSt. Overall. we provided Ihe maize basis for about 120,000 meals atthe hungriesttime-Chrtsth)as 2022 beyond.... Water Borehole Pump repair During January, we repaired 9 borehole pumps. restoring safe water back to about 3,650 people. Our new water slralegy was well received_ This scheme trains and empowers villager5 to take respcn5ibility for their own pump. by investing a small monthly tariff to pay for regular maintenance in the ftjture. Once their commitmentwas confimied, we repair￿ the pumps to enable each group lo start with a clean slate, raised the cement apr(￿S above lood level, and "locked" each into a mults'-padlocked security cage to prevent parts, theft or damage. Pumps Repair￿." Khuwne (42 I￿uSe1101ds). kniig weD3 we 18 2 {175J, Lomo1￿a (131), Mureka (130), Mwanankhu (159J, Namazambala l & 2 (140J. Opeliwa 165J. In September we repaired another 9 borehole pumps afterthe users. commrtmentto regular maintenance was confirmed, so another 1.652 households-over 7.500 Peopl￿ad new access to safe water. Pumps Repaired.. Bilisc¥J Vrflage [3￿ hoUseh￿d5), Makh￿JIa (185), Marrtjulerye (149), ￿adZule t270J, Nansanya (785J, Michesi Primary Sc*wl (99. plus 9&) students 8 Staff), Pho(kuoma I (1 IOJ, Phothjgoma 2 (139), Wera (165). IL&tl Lomlwa Vil47e PURV watsrffowrrtj. the l•Yhof 575p (Righlj Safe waterR*oTrdterefithrg ats)(l ICQ kncalpwp Page 4 Nutrition Moringa Groves We continued to promote moringHn amazing tree with leaves packed wrth high-grade nutrients, ideal fo)d for this malnourBh&J scciety. The successful initial trial of 3 moringa woodlots came to an end after 18 months, 2 voled to &ld veg space, so we supplied se&Js. traning and exlra fence panels. 4 more areas requested groves, in 2 distrth. Ourteam trained in prep, care and management ofthe groves, then helped e&h vduntsry commtttee to measure. dig pits. add compost. plant the moringa seedlings. sow veg seeds and erect the modular fencing. Glycidia seedlings were planted around the boundaries. to forni a living fence in the future. These groves provided invaluable nutrition to those at risk within months, and continued ves•Éabb to provide free veg for the vulnerable, though irrigation became a huge challenge during the dry season. Cooking deMC￿StratIOnS were held at each ofthe 4 new groves in August to remind participants of the high nutribonal value of the crop and how to retain its vitamin integrity for good health. Monitoring identified the need for regular sprawng of the fencing panels to prevent destructi(￿ by pests and we provided replacements plants for any damag&J by weather or livestock. Hundreds of families have benefitted from the moringa leaves grown in these groves-delicious as a green vegetable-and now Ihe trees are ma￿re. they sh￿Id keep producng free nutrItsc￿lS food for severel decades to come. Monrga tw-layv85 a￿ a Sou￿6 01 IKIt￿￿rt5. sP￿daS agTren Reforestation Thousands of plastic tubes were filled and tree seeds sown, with seedlings given out to individuals, schools, and community groups. Apart from moringa and glycidia us8J in the groves, we've provided hundreds offruit trees, and other varieties for green manure. firewood and timber to tske the pressure off the indigenous hardwoods being wrecked for charccol. Education The school academic yearslarted in January 2022 due to covid. and so we sifted through applicalions for our Seccndary School placements_ We had to be sure Ihat dl on the programme were Committ￿ to leaming and working hard. Bul there were so many needing financkql help. or they missed the chance of edL¢cation completely. We decKled to fttus C￿ th(6e whose families had already managed lo pul them through SecC￿dary School the first 2 years, but had now come to the place where they d sold everything to fund theirchildren_- We had 63 young p￿pIe on our programme, over halfwere git1s (%), to whom we gave sani-packs lo help them stay in school during their monthly periods. We paid all school fees. plus boarding fc￿ some. unrfomis. and exam fees. and then an extra tetm was introduced in an attempt to realign the academic year back lo starting in September afterthe chaos of covid, so thosefees were paNJ too. However, schcK)I pol￿ES C(￿lInUed to be wue-the new academ￿ year evenknally began in October 2022, but the exam results thai qualrfy children to be offered places weren't available, so we selected 32 ultra-vulnerable new students. making 60 our sponsorship lisL Congratulations to Frank. our Team Leader. who passed his level 5 diploma in Communty Development, so is excited about beginning his next college course in January 2023. Iris on our Educati￿ Pngrnmme delutt￿ b re￿r¥￿ sarn-P8L*s Mosquito nets Intemationally, Malawi is among the top 20 countries with the highest malaria prevalence and mortalty rales, half of which are children under 5 years old. Thr(yJgh a special d(￿atiOn. we bought more nets so 145 vulnerable people. aged from just a few weeks lo the elderty. were provided with nets for protection against the disease just before the rainy season when malaria b￿ame more commorwnd even more deadly. Agriculture-lrrigation Veg Project The pilot project for10 hcwseholds begun in Apnl was so successful that another 20 hard-working families were added to the programme in September, empowenng them to produce veg all year round, outside the traditional planting seas(￿. for both food and profit. We provided bas￿ farn)ing implements and inputs and our staff monitored regularfy to ￿SUre compl￿n￿. Numbers were reStr￿ted according to our ability to monitor, so as families proved their commrtment. more will be welcomed onto the project. Participants shared that they'd been able to pay school fees, and buy unifomis as well as fwd and othef household items foi their families. as a direct result of this project. Page 5 Open Hand Projects Centre in Chiringa, Malawi Pigs Our pigs on site are doing well. In October we experienced the patter of tiny trotters as our first sow gave birth to 5 piglets. another small litter arrived in December and Othe￿ have been mated . We're developing forage options to feed them well. growing a vanety ol crops and veg on srte-sweet potato is a favourite- with the vines a valuable nutritional resource. Elderlieg Luncheons, are thoroughly enjoyed by dozens of frail eldet1y folk e￿h month. providing social interaclion as well as a nutritious meal. We increased our Food Tokens due to increased hunger, as most of our'Cask￿for-w0rk" scheme was being used for bas￿ f￿d. indicating a wide-spread prci)lem. We're continuing to grow monnga on site, and are skn.ll giving Pro￿sSed moringa powder & veg to those at nutritional risk. We've doubled availabilty of milk formula as concems grow for the increasing number of orphaned babies in the care of n￿dY family members. orthose unable to breastteed. Our emergency fund conts-nues to assEt in cnses- hosprtal transport forthe acutely ill or accidentvictims, or they risk dying at home without treatment or pallia￿'ve care. We also try to help in personal tragedies- house fires, victims of crime. abuse or n￿JIect. along wth providing glasses. blankets. clothing and veg seeds from our reception area. Our local Malawian staff are working hard. watching S￿la1 trends and I￿al situations, while implementingl monitoring projects with integrity. We are regularfy invited to participate in various meetings at district level -education, water & sanrtation, human Iraffickinfvand we aim to work in collaborabon with all civic and traditional g0vemm￿l authorities where we can. OHP {Aid Africa) continues to influence the area, often mee￿.ng wrth the Senior Chiefdkscussing loc needs, challenging mindsets, and smarter applications all￿g with hard work. She's delighted with the wo we're doing amongst the thousands she leads. We're also partnering with a voluntary group in zomb￿50 miles from our Centre. Ourteam taughtthem lo make compost and grow moringa, now they're enthusiastically sharing the knowledge with others.... We also provided them with bags of maFze. soya meals and S￿p. for distribution to the most vulnerable households from December. 2022 Aid Africa Stats.... Provided ovef 135,0(Kl maize meals, and 7.6￿ dried soya meals Gave out 2.￿)0 bars of soap Renovaied a Community Centre Built 7 houses for vulngrable families Provided 11 thatched roots & 85 roils of plasiic sheeiing Built Xl family toilets Constructed a public toilet serying 1YJ peopl8 Built a toilet block for a primary school Helped resolNp 55 ernerggncy situations Provided 75 mosquito nets Equipped 30 irrigation veg projects Provided baby fomiula to 58 ultr&vulnorable infants Grew & provided tree seedlings for frui( timber, nutrition & green manure Repaired 18 borehole pumps, restoring safB water to over 11.0(X) people 63 sludents on our Educaiion Programme. gi¥ing sani-pa&s to our 36 girls Charity sTrN)￿K Our Charity Shop closed in August. after 15 years of trading in Holt. setting new financial challenges. but Unexpectedl￿acY benefrts provided ongoing funding. P3ge 6 ## **AID AFRICA TRUSTEES REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31[st] OCOBER 2022 (CONTINUED)** ## **Statement of trustees' responsibility** The trustees are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. Law applicable to charitable companies requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the charitable company's financial activities during the period and of its financial position at the end of the period. In preparing financial statements giving a true and fair view, the trustees should follow best practice and: - select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; - make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and - prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charity will continue in operation. The trustees are responsible for keeping accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy the financial position of the Trust. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charitable company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. ## **Statement of disclosure to auditors** • so far as the trustees are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditors are unaware; and they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as trustees in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the trust's auditors are aware of that information. This report has been prepared in accordance with Statement of Recommended Practice - Accounting and Reporting by Charities (issued in March 2005). This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf. ## **(signed by David Mills)** David Mills Chairman Date 31[st] July 2023 Page 7 ## **AID AFRICA Charity No: 1116336 Accounts for the year ended 31 OCTOBER 2022** ## **Respective responsibilities of Trustees and Examiner:** As the charity's trustees you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts; you consider that the audit requirement of section 43(2) of the Charities Act 1993 (the Act) does not apply. It is my responsibility to state, on the basis of the procedures specified in the general directions given by the Charity Commissions under section 43(7)b of the Act, whether particular matters have come to my attention. ## **Basis of Independent Examiners Report** My examination was carried out in accordance with my understanding of the General Directions given by the Charity Commission. An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and a comparison of the accounts presented with these records. It also includes the consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and seeking explanations from you as trustees concerning any such matters. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence required in an audit, and consequently I do not express an audit opinion on the view given by the accounts. ## **Independent examiner's statement** : In connection with my examination, no matter has come to my attention: - 1) - gives me reasonable cause to believe that in any material respect the requirements a) to keep accounting records in accordance with section 41 of the Act; and - b) to prepare accounts which comply with the accounting records and accounting requirements of the Act, have not been met, - 2) - or to which, in my opinion attention should be drawn in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached. ## **(signed by Dr D P Ainsworth)** Dr D P Ainsworth Fakenham Norfolk Signed 3[rd] August 2023 Page 8 Profft arKI Loss Aid Africa For the 12 months ended 31 October 2(r22 ckt.22 4,899 kncorne Oct.21 ( M"d tsx ￿Cefv*Jle 4,50QCKI (M(-aded (knnabc￿s - e(bJcab'on 2,360.fXI 2,185.Cil -aded th)llabC￿5 - g￿eT 14,911.00 15.537.00 Lgjacies & bewests 70.01fj 00 otI￿r donatDn5- mt tya- ge￿ra1 16.751.01 10.915.05 Sh￿1 saes 16.301.31 16.224.10 Smal Grft5 Ck1m￿le ￿￿le1 Gfft￿.d Stheme 1.029. 17 81 Told Incorne 126.25119 5Q1HJ.96 Less Cost ol Sdes Drect Makwi Proect £￿ts 622&19 ,41221 Drect Makwi nmniTrJ cijsts Total Cost of Sa*s 58.5O).110 33.4￿.00 GI7￿.19 3486221 oss Proffl 61.525.70 Is2￿.15 Plus Other I￿oMe Furlowh CJRS Grart 9,80281 (kJvemnEnl Coviik19 G￿t 12,574.43 Interest r&eried 2.38 NIC emiloyer ret*te 1,049.(Kl 523.21 Totsl (#her Inc(Jne 1.087. 219(lJ3 Less (Watiry ExpEnses Ctsnty . Bar* Fees- Sntema¥)nal 3&KI.iXI 276.C ctfjrity- EmpbyeTS NI Chaity- Postage 1.049.Cil 5Jl.ts) 529.21 0.00 Chanty- Sataries 16.21620 12.803.76 Ctsrity -Telephore & Intemet 49.50 6&00 CIErity-Travel- lrtunaborBI 50.00 0.00 Ctsrity HSBC Bank(har￿$ 267.53 Govern￿￿-truStee traiThng 10.00 Shr4) - Cad tharge5 113. 151.48 Shcp - InsUr￿Ce 347.83 Shr4) - LYJht F￿a¥nO & lelekthone 1,961. 1,29&03 Shf4) - Miscellar*O￿ e￿nSeS 375.07 33).30 Shcp - Rat￿ ￿(1 water Tates 329.xl 391.97 Sh¢w. R￿1 6,041. 7,250.iXI Shtjp - R¥Jars Exp￿SeS 1,785_82 26.40 Shc¢) - stsff wdfae 2&40 34.00 Total (*ernting Ex￿nSeS 4547S3 24037.05 Net Profit 510￿.05 1417053 Balance Sheet Ald Afric2 As at 31 October 2022 Add SunThary 31 Oct 2022 31 Oct 2021 Assets BMM DeFOSrt account 69.6YJ23 25.529.68 E Re￿laT STO acCO￿t 8*.11 419.44 Man accourt 10,161.15 16.350 30 Totsl Bank 8Q762A9 41293A2 Cwrnnt Assets Accounts Rttavab 5t6.18 C&h n Ma1￿1 3C6.( 315.rxi Ple￿yments 2213.Q) 7,104.00 Total CunpntAssets 7.91&18 Flxed Assets BuldiThJs 51XI.IfJ 511).fXI Total Fix￿1 Assets Total A5zets 817WA9 5Q714AO Liabililies Cwrent L¥bl￿tr$ RfAJndng {0 141 Wage5 Cortrol 2W.17 2￿.19 Total CUr￿n1 Lithli*s 2￿.03 2WI.19 Total L￿bIlit*S 2W.03 2•).19 Net Assets 8 J51XIA6 5q4J4A1 Equity CwTenl Y￿[ EamNg5 33,0ffi.05 14,170.53 General unr851ricted ￿nd 50.434.41 36.263.88 Tota Equrty 8151XIA6 5Q434A1 AID AFRICA NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 OCTOBER 2022 ## 1 ACCOUNTING POLICIES ## 1.1 ACCOUNTING CONVENTION The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified by the revaluation of certain investments and include the results of the charity's operation which are described in the Trustees' Report and all of which are continuing. The accounts have been prepared in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice, ("SORP"), 'Accounting and Reporting by Charities' published in March 2005 and applicable accounting standards. The charity has taken advantage of the exemption in Financial Reporting Standard No 1 from the requirement to produce a cash flow statement. ## 1.2 INCOMING RESOURCES All incoming resources are included in the statement of financial activities when the charity is entitled to the income and the amount can be quantified with reasonable accuracy. The following specific policies are applied to particular categories of income: • Voluntary income is received by way of donations and gifts and is recognised on receipt or accrued as income as soon as practical and prudent to do so. Income tax refunds due from income received under deduction of tax are credited in the same year as the relevant income. • Income from charitable activities include fees receivable from donors and is credited in the same year as the relevant income. ## 1.3 RESOURCES EXPENDED All expenditure is accounted for on an accrual basis and includes attributable VAT which cannot be recovered, and is reported as part of the expenditure to which it relates: Costs of generating funds comprise the costs associated with attracting voluntary income. - Charitable activities include. - Governance costs include those costs associated with meeting the constitutional Statutory requirements of the charity and include independent examiners fees. - All costs are allocated between expenditure categories of the SOFA on a basis designed to reflect the use of the resource. Costs relating to particular activities are Allocated directly, others on an usage basis. Page 11