THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
(An incorporated charity limited by Guarantee)
REPORT AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
Registered Charity No. 1116224
Company No. 05910443
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
REPORT AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
| CONTENTS | Page |
|---|---|
| Reference and Administrative Information | 2 – 3 |
| Trustees’ Report | 4 – 12 |
| Independent Auditor’s Report | 13 – 15 |
| Consolidated Statement of Financial Activities | 16 |
| Consolidated Balance Sheet | 17 |
| Charity Balance Sheet | 18 |
| Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | 19 |
| Notes to the Financial Statements | 20 – 31 |
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THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
The directors and charity Trustees (The “Trustees”) of The Professional Teaching Institute (“The PTI”) present their report together with the audited financial statements of the charity for the year to 30 September 2025. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in note 1 and comply with the Charity’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, applicable law and the requirements of the FRS 102 Charities SORP, the Companies Act 2006 and Charities Act 2011.
Company and Charity details :
The Professional Teaching Institute
The Professional Teaching Institute is a registered charity numbered 1116224 and a company limited by guarantee numbered 05910443. The charity/company changed its name from The Prince’s Teaching Institute to The Professional Teaching Institute with effect from 24 July 2019. The company was incorporated on 18 August 2006 and effectively commenced its activities on 1 January 2007. The company is registered in England & Wales and its registered office is 1415 Lower Grosvenor Place, London, SW1W 0EX.
| Royal Founding Patron | HM The King |
|---|---|
| Honorary President | Sir Harvey McGrath |
| Directors and charity Trustees who | Keith M Breslauer (Chairman) |
| served during the year | John Greenshields |
| Julie Mercer | |
| Katrina Morley OBE (appointed 20 February 2025) | |
| Baroness Sally Morgan of Huyton (resigned 31 December 2024) | |
| Richard Sheriff OBE | |
| Jonathan Slater (appointed 20 February 2025) | |
| Cliff Smith (appointed 20 February 2025) | |
| Company Secretary | Claire Clark |
| Co-directors | Carolyn Roberts MBE |
| Dr Hugh Rayment-Pickard MBE | |
| PTI Education Ltd | The charity established a trading subsidiary, PTI Education Ltd on 31 |
| August 2016. It is a company limited by shares numbered 10353080 and is | |
| registered in England & Wales. Its registered office is 14-15 Lower | |
| Grosvenor Place, London, SW1W 0EX | |
| Auditor | Sayer Vincent LLP |
| 110 Golden Lane | |
| London | |
| EC1Y 0TG | |
| Legal advisors | Farrer & Co |
| 66 Lincoln’s Inn Fields | |
| London | |
| WC2A 3LH | |
| Penningtons Manches LLP | |
| 125 Wood Street | |
| London | |
| EC2V 7AW |
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THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
| Financial advisors | CCLA Investment Management Ltd |
|---|---|
| Two Fitzroy Place | |
| One Angel Lane | |
| London | |
| EC4R 3AB | |
| Bankers | HSBC Bank plc |
| 69 Pall Mall | |
| London | |
| SW1Y 5EY | |
| Principal address | 14-15 Lower Grosvenor Place |
| London | |
| SW1W 0EX |
The foregoing legal and administrative information is correct as at 9 February 2026.
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THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
TRUSTEES’ REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
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Objectives, activities and public benefit
Objectives
The PTI is committed to improving the education of children in state schools in England and Wales. Working in partnership with the University of Cambridge and the University of York, it aims to inspire teachers to give young people aspiration and transformative subject experiences.
The Trustees are pursuing this object by working with school teachers to:
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Promote inspiring subject teaching : Working with eminent academics and speakers, The PTI re-ignites teachers’ passion for their subject and promotes the idea that subject rigour is essential for effective teaching to children of all abilities, as opposed to concentrating only on examination specifications. Through re-igniting teacher ambition, student aspirations are raised in turn.
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Maintain standards of school subject provision : The PTI works with schools to ensure that they make rigorous curriculum choices, avoiding “easy choices” that result in children not receiving a good grounding of knowledge for life. It encourages teachers to teach beyond the test, introduce more subject-based extra-curricular activities, increase the amount of subject-based training received by staff in departments and become involved in more subject-based networks outside school.
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Contributing to national debate about the role of schools in society: The PTI runs annual symposiums for primary and secondary school leaders where participants engage in deep thinking about the purposes of education.
Activities
The PTI helps teachers to learn from the example of the best of their peers and leading academics and experts. It works with school leaders at secondary and primary levels and across the following subjects: English, History, Geography, Mathematics, Science, Modern Foreign Languages, Art, Music, Physical Education, Design & Technology, and Religious Education,
Leadership Programme and Leadership Symposiums
Members of school leadership teams join The PTI Leadership Programme to focus on whole school leadership to drive and support the improvement of education for all children regardless of background or ability. This is achieved through three key themes: Ethos, Curriculum and People & Inclusion. The programme concludes with an online one-to-one review which will determine the award of The PTI Leadership Mark for display at school, use on school stationery and on their website. Induction is often via a school’s Headteacher attending the Primary or Secondary Leadership Symposium. This is a two-day residential conference for Headteachers and MAT leaders that provides a forum for reflection on issues about school leadership.
Participants in the Secondary Leadership Symposium are invited to contribute to The PTI’s series of books on school leadership. The first book, Well Educated: Leading Schools with Wonder, Joy and Wisdom was published by Routledge in Autumn 2025. The second book, The Spirit of Teaching , is in preparation for publication by Routledge in Autumn 2026.
The Department Development Programme and Subject Enrichment Residential
The Department Development Programme is an ongoing professional development pathway for subject leaders. It is built from a national network of subject leaders seeking to make the greatest impact within their schools. Members of the Programme develop leadership approaches aimed at supporting effective teaching and learning within their department. The PTI team supports school departments over the academic year to:
- Develop a challenging, innovative and enriching curriculum;
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Provide greater challenge and depth in the curriculum;
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Improve teacher confidence and subject knowledge; and
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Increase student enjoyment and subject uptake
Those successfully completing the programme achieve The PTI Mark within their department for display at school, use on school stationery and on their website. Every year departments displaying the most progress are nominated for the Bernice McCabe Award. After discussion by a panel of distinguished judges, visits are undertaken to the top three departments, and the Award is given to the winner at The PTI’s VIP Dinner.
Induction onto the Programme is via a Head of Department, or delegated representative, attending a Subject Enrichment Residential. The residentials are three-day residential events where top academics join teachers to re-inspire them and provide a stimulating introduction to the Subject Leadership Programme. During the Subject Enrichment Residential, delegates can choose whether they wish their departments to opt into the Department Development Programme.
Continuing Professional Development
CPD consists of:
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One-day Subject Days , run by teachers, with administrative help from The PTI office, which bring delegates into contact with experts in a given topic and give them a forum to consider inspiring ways to bring the topic to life in their classrooms.
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Online Courses typically held after school hours, led by teachers. For some courses, delegates are required to have listened to a pre-recorded lecture prior to the seminars, and the online seminars are used to discuss teaching approaches to the topics in hand. Other courses have a “live” lecture from an eminent speaker followed by questions and answers.
Subject Expertise Certificate (formerly New Teacher Subject Days)
This course offers robust support to early-career teachers, those in the first few years of teaching and teachers looking to refresh and deepen their subject knowledge. The programme consists of three Saturdays providing high-quality subject enrichment and teaching strategies across ten subject areas. Each Saturday considers a different topic in their subject and consists of a mixture of lectures and workshops run by PTI Teacher Leaders. Teachers who attend all three days for their subject and complete a quality Course Inspired Resource (CIR) will be eligible to receive the Subject Expertise Certificate, a personal accreditation recognising the development of specialist subject knowledge. Teachers who produce the most accomplished CIR are awarded a Martin Roberts Prize. (This course is an evolution of the PTI’s New Teacher Subject Days.)
Middle Leader Certificate: Curriculum Design
The Middle Leader Certificate is a personal accreditation course aimed at developing aspiring and established subject leaders through the design and delivery of challenging schemes of work and how these are arranged within a curriculum. The Middle Leader Certificate enables teachers to:
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Attain a personal accreditation
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Gain expertise leading teaching & learning
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Build transformative classroom practices
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Develop cross-phase long term planning
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Design & develop challenging schemes of work
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Enhance subject knowledge & student experience
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Attend online tutorials & receive support
This course consists of two modules, a micro module and a macro module, which can be completed in any order. Each module takes two terms to complete. The micro module focuses on the design, delivery and reflection of a challenging scheme of work. The macro module concentrates on curriculum design in the form of long-term planning across at least two key stages.
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Public benefit
The PTI is committed to improving the education of children in state schools in England and Wales.
The Trustees considered the Charity Commission’s guidance on Public Benefit, including the guidance “public benefit: running a charity (PB2)”, when reviewing the charity’s aims and objectives, in administering its activities during the year and in planning its future activities. They believe that the charity’s activities demonstrate the benefit derived by the nation’s children.
The PTI already has a significant impact on disadvantaged young people through the teachers and schools we work with. Pupils facing disadvantage are not only those likely to suffer worst where subject teaching is not strong, they are also those who benefit most from The PTI’s work. The Education Endowment Foundation, puts this succinctly: ‘Supporting high quality teaching is pivotal in improving children’s outcomes. Indeed, research tells us that high quality teaching can narrow the disadvantage gap.’ As part of our five-year plan (2023-28) we aim to extend our work to impact each year on 250,000 young people facing disadvantage.
The PTI’s activities are open to all teachers. For teachers from state schools, modest charges towards costs are made for programmes, affiliation and for PTI events. These charges defray immediate costs and help incentivise teachers to not withdraw from the courses at short notice. A significant number of courses are now conducted online and after school, further facilitating access for teachers.
Inclusion and Diversity
At The PTI, we strive to create an inclusive culture that is welcoming, accessible and supportive to teachers, donors and PTI employees from all backgrounds. Our Inclusion and Diversity Forum looks at issues relating to inclusion and diversity within The PTI staff team. We seek to build subject teams that embrace, celebrate and represent the diverse talent within the teaching profession and broader society. We seek ways to advocate for a diverse and inclusive teaching profession and use our development offer to promote career opportunities for every teacher. We educate our workforce to improve our understanding of barriers faced by particular groups so that all areas of our organisation work together to remove these barriers for our teachers and stakeholders. We champion diversity in our communications.
Achievements in 2024/25
Context and priorities for the year
The charity enjoyed significant growth in the second year of its five-year strategic plan. The overall number of schools increased by 38% to 914 schools. Primary Hubs schools were up from 399 to 610 and Primary Hubs sign-ups increased from 20 to 32. The number of CPD sessions provided increased from 199 to 244. The number of Headteachers attending our Symposiums rose from 61 to 104. Online sessions and in person days of CPD for Secondary Schools served 972 teachers – a 28% increase from 759 in 2023. The charity continued to increase its focus on disadvantaged pupils and extended its reach into high-need communities.
Subject Enrichment Residentials
We ran a subject enrichment residential at The University of York covering six subjects: Art, English, Music, Science, Maths and PE. The residential had 133 teacher attendees from 75 Schools (2% of Secondary schools in England). The residential has a ‘cascade’ impact with the teachers attending impacting on nearly 1000 departmental staff and 38,000 pupils.
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The Bernice McCabe Award
In memory of The PTI’s founding Co-Director and former Headmistress of North London Collegiate School, Bernice McCabe, we instigated the Bernice McCabe Award in 2020. This award, worth £5,000 to the winning department, celebrates the work of the best department in our Subject Leadership Programme.
The mathematics department at The Warren School, Romford won the award for their work in creating a department and a curriculum that fosters a deep love for mathematics in students, in the classroom and through extracurricular activities. The Award was presented at a ceremony held at Mercers’ Hall, London in October 2024.
Previous Bernice McCabe Award winners have been:
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2020: Claire Brown, Music: Mounts Bay Academy, Penzance
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2021: Jack Cockayne, Geography: Broadway Academy, Birmingham
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2022: Richard Jagger, Mathematics: Leeds West Academy, Leeds
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2023: Hannah Lees, Geography: Thomas Tallis School, London
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2024: John Wilkinson, Geography: St Edward’s College, Liverpool
Primary Impact Award
St Mary’s CofE Primary School in Kirkby Lonsdale was presented with The PTI Primary Impact Award at a ceremony at Mercers’ Hall, London in October 2024. The PTI’s Primary Impact Award promotes and celebrates excellence in primary leadership, recognising primary schools that put quality subject teaching at the heart of the classroom.
St Mary's CofE School has created a calm and inspiring atmosphere for creativity. Through the introduction of art-specific language, students have gained confidence in articulating their ideas and engaging in critical dialogue about their work. The transformative power of art as a therapeutic tool is exemplified in the compassionate support provided to both staff and students, including a colleague battling terminal illness and a Year 4 pupil overcoming significant health challenges. These initiatives reflect the school's commitment to nurturing a vibrant and inclusive art education that enriches the lives of all its pupils.
Previous Primary Impact Award winners have been:
- 2022-3: Calstock Community Primary School, Geography: Cornwall
School Leadership Symposium
We ran a successful School Leadership Symposium at the Milner Hotel, York in February 2025 with Primary and Secondary streams running concurrently, and 104 Headteachers were pleased to have the opportunity to discuss issues of curriculum across primary and secondary phases. The evaluations were extremely positive: 100% of attendees found the residential a valuable experience and 100% said that attending would have an impact on their school.
Subject Expertise Certificate (Formerly New Teacher Subject Days)
161 secondary Early Career Teachers (ECTs) and teacher leaders attended courses in London, Manchester and Leeds. We awarded 13 Martin Roberts Prizes.
CPD Days
This year we ran 18 CPD days with attendance from 266 teachers.
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Primary Hubs
Our Primary Hubs network continued to grow to twenty hubs by the year end, increasing the number of schools engaged from 399 to 610. 1471 teachers attended a primary hub day or online event in 2024-25. The expansion of Primary Hubs is at the centre of our new five-year strategy.
Online courses
This year we ran 35 online courses attended by 706 teachers.
Department Development Programme
The DDP had a successful year culminating in a Department Development Day held for 143 teachers at Friends House, Euston. 175 PTI marks were awarded.
Teacher Leader Certificate
This year we continued our pilot of the Teacher Leader Certificate, a personal accreditation that is awarded to aspiring teacher leaders in recognition of their work in designing challenging, inspiring CPD events which reflect The PTI’s principles and objectives. We had six teachers enrolled on the inaugural course.
Fundraising
We are registered with the Fundraising Regulator and commit to our fundraising being legal, transparent, respectful and meeting the standards set in the Fundraising Code of Practice. We also ensure that nobody who appears to be vulnerable is asked to commit to giving. Fundraising is carried out by the Head of Fundraising assisted by the Development CoOrdinator. The charity is immensely grateful to its loyal community of supporters who give generously to sustain our work.
While the PTI has a complaints policy published on our website, in the year under review we received no complaints.
Financial commentary
Income, expenditure and movements in funds
Total income for the year was £1,421k (2023/24: £1,244k) and total expenditure was £1,567k (2023/24: £1,538k). After losses on investments, total funds decreased from £4,390k to £4,182k.
Excluding movements in endowment funds, total income during the period under review was £1,421k (2023/24: £1,244k) and total expenditure £1,567k (2023/24: £1,538k).
No further donations to the Teacher Training Fund were expected or received during the year under review. The fund is an expendable endowment fund that is both capital and income, and the maximum drawdown per annum is the higher of £100,000 or 4% of the value of the fund on 31st December of the financial year in question. On 31st December 2024 the fund was valued at £3,677,374, making £147,095 available, which has been drawn down. Together with losses on investments, the endowment fund decreased 5.7% to £3,443k (2024: £3,652k).
Following this drawdown, the charity posted a surplus on unrestricted funds of £1,459 for the year under review (2023/24: shortfall of £119k). Voluntary income was £915k (2023/24: £856k, 2022/23: £760k).
Income from charitable activities was £463k (2023/24: £348k). Primary Hub and Secondary school affiliation fees were £336k (2023/24: £300k).
Overall expenditure was £1,567k (2023/24: £1,538k). Direct costs of charitable activities were £455k (2023/24: £450k). Support costs of charitable activities, including salaries, general office and governance costs, increased to £998k (2023/24: £948k).
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Wages and salaries increased by 8% from £758k to £823k owing to staff promotions, pay increases driven by inflation and the increase from 14.6 to 16.3 FTEs.
Expenditure on raising funds (including salaries) decreased from £140k to £114k, owing to fewer fundraising events being run.
At the year-end the Net Assets of the charity totalled £4,182k (2023/24: £4,390k). Unrestricted reserves stood at £740k (2023/24: £738k).
The Trustees consider that the financial results represent a satisfactory out-turn.
Reserves and Investment Policies
The PTI’s minimum reserve and liquidity policies are to have three months’ normal operating expenditure as cash in hand accessible immediately (This is currently approximately £350k).
However, the Trustees recommend having at the beginning of the financial year accounting reserves at a sufficient level to provide Leadership and Department Development Programme services for 12 months to schools affiliated to our programmes. This is approximately £730k, and with unrestricted reserves totalling £740k at the year end, this objective has been met. The Trustees consider it prudent to be in this position, in the light of continuing pressure on school budgets for continuing professional development and the challenging fundraising environment. In addition, this level of reserves would cover liabilities in the event of the charity ceasing trading.
With the Teacher Training Fund at £3.4m at the year end, and with a maximum of 4% of its 31 December value to be drawn down per annum, the majority of the fund is for use in the medium and long term. The fund is invested by CCLA on a discretionary basis in the COIF Charities Ethical Investment Fund. This fund complies with the charity’s ethical investment policy.
Going concern
The Trustees have assessed whether the use of the going concern basis is appropriate and have considered possible events or conditions that might cast significant doubt on the ability of the Charity to continue as a going concern. The Trustees have made this assessment for a period of at least one year from the date of approval of the financial statements. In particular the Trustees have considered the Charity’s forecasts, and projections have taken account of pressures on income. After making enquiries the Trustees have concluded that there are no material uncertainties and there is a reasonable expectation that the Charity has adequate resources to continue to operational existence for the foreseeable future. The Charity therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements.
Funders and contributors
The Trustees record their thanks to all The PTI’s donors and supporters - both large and small – for their continuing support, and the staff and volunteers who have worked extremely hard to achieve another successful year for the charity.
Future plans
In 2024/25 we completed the second year of a five-year strategy agreed by the Board in July 2023. The strategy aims to increase and intensify The PTI’s impact on the quality and strength of classroom teaching on young people. There is a new focus on increasing the proportion of disadvantaged pupils and on extending our geographical reach into under-served regions. This will significantly increase the number of young people impacted, and schools and teachers served. A central pillar of the strategy is the development of our work with Primary Schools, increasing our Primary Hubs to 100 by 2028. We will also enhance our core offer by ensuring sustained, long-term support for teachers. As part of an increased accountability to all our stakeholders, we will develop our impact measurement and reporting to provide the very best
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evidence for the impact of our work on schools, teachers and young people. Alongside this, we will seek to amplify our voice and promote great education through influencing, advocacy and conversations within the sector.
Structure, Governance and Management
Governing document and membership
The PTI is a registered company limited by guarantee not having a share capital. The company was incorporated on 18 August 2006 and effectively commenced trading on 1 January 2007. For the time being the members of the company are the Trustees, all of whom have signed a statement pledging to contribute £1 to the funds of the company in the event of it being wound up and there being an insufficiency of funds.
The company’s governing document is the Articles of Association (2025) which replaced the Articles of Association (2019) to clarify the maximum terms that can be served by a trustee. Previously, trustees could serve for a maximum of three, three-year terms. The amended Articles allow ‘in exceptional circumstances’ for a trustee to be appointed for further consecutive terms of one year.
Recruitment, appointment and induction of Trustees
The Trustees of the charity are also directors of the company for the purposes of company law. The number of Trustees may not be less than three or more than ten.
All the Trustees are Elected Trustees and are appointed by either the members of the company in a general meeting or by the Trustees themselves.
As and when required, additional Trustees are appointed after a review of the skills and experience represented on the Trustee body.
New Trustees receive an induction briefing about the Charity’s operations. Trustees are briefed about changes to relevant legislation and regulatory frameworks.
Chair
The governing document provides for the Trustees to appoint a Chairman from among their number. K’thiel (Keith) Breslauer was appointed unanimously as Chairman for a further year by his fellow Trustees.
Membership of the Trustee body
The current Trustees are listed on page 2 of this report and have served for the year under review except where indicated.
Organisational structure and decision-making process
Royal Founding Patron
The Trustees record with gratitude the continuing support of HM The King and The Royal Household.
Trustees
The Trustee body administers The PTI. It met four times during the period under review. With the exceptions listed in Note 13, at no time during the year did any Trustee have a beneficial interest in transactions with the charity.
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The Trustees have the following standing committees:
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the Executive Committee whose purpose is to monitor the on-going business of the charity
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the Academic Committee whose purpose is to direct The PTI's academic strategy
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the Development Committee, whose purpose is to assist the charity with fundraising
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the Remuneration Committee whose purpose is to monitor staff salaries and consultants’ fees
Organisation
For the year under review the charity had two Co-directors: Hugh Rayment-Pickard manages day-to-day operations of The PTI and Carolyn Roberts, former Headteacher of Thomas Tallis School, leads academic policy. They were assisted by 13 full-time employees and 3 part-time employees. Academic activities are led by a group of practising teachers acting as consultants. Claire Clark has acted as Company Secretary.
Key Management Personnel
Key management personnel consist of the:
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Full-time Co-Director
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Part-time Academic Co-Director
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Chief Operating Officer
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Senior Philanthropy and Partnerships Manager
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Head of Educational Strategy, School Development and Membership
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Head of Core Programmes
In line with all PTI staff, their remuneration is reviewed twice a year by the Remuneration Committee.
Internal Controls
The Trustees are responsible for the management of the risks faced by the charity with particular reference to internal controls and the mitigation of risk. The Trustees actively review the risks faced by the charity on a regular basis and have put in place systems and procedures to identify and mitigate the major risks so far as is possible.
The key controls used include:
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Formal agendas and minutes for meetings of the Trustees and the Board committees
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A statement of matters reserved to the Trustees
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A formal Risk Register, reviewed on a regular basis
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Established organisational and governance structure and reporting lines
The Trustees recognise that systems can only provide reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that major risks are being adequately managed.
Risk and Mitigation
At each meeting, the Trustees review the risks to which the charity is exposed and they have put in place systems which minimise the exposure to these risks and mitigate the potential loss that might arise from them. Additionally, a formal Risk Register is in place, which is reviewed annually.
Currently, the Trustees have identified the following two most significant risks to the charity:
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Fundraising uncertainty . Whilst The PTI’s donors have stayed steadfast, the economic uncertainties and global instability make predicting future fundraising challenging.
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Pressures on school budgets . Under funding pressure, schools may choose to reduce their spend on training.
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Statement of Trustees’ Responsibilities
The Trustees (who are also Directors of The Professional Teaching Institute for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the Trustees' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
Company law requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable Company and the group and of the incoming resources and application of resources, including the income and expenditure, of the charitable Company and group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Trustees are required to:
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select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
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observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP;
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make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
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State whether applicable UK Accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and
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prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in operation.
The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and group and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
In so far as we are aware:
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There is no relevant audit information of which the charitable Company's auditor is unaware; and
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The Trustees have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information.
This report has been prepared in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice Accounting and Reporting by Charities SORP 2015 (FRS 102) (Second Edition, effective 1 January 2019) and in accordance with the special provisions of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small entities.
By order of the Board of Trustees
K’thiel (Keith) Breslauer
Chairman
Date: 9 February 2026
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INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
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Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of The Professional Teaching Institute (the ‘parent charitable company’) and its subsidiary (the ‘group’) for the year ended 30 September 2025 which comprise the consolidated statement of financial activities, the group and parent charitable company balance sheets, the consolidated statement of cash flows and the notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
In our opinion, the financial statements:
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Give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent charitable company’s affairs as at 30 September 2025 and of the group’s and parent charitable company’s incoming resources and application of resources, including its income and expenditure, for the year then ended 30 September 2025
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Have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice
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Have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and the Charities Act 2011
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the group financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent charitable company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the trustees’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on The Professional Teaching Institute’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the trustees with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the trustees’ annual report, other than the group financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The trustees are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the group financial statements does not cover the other information, and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the group financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the group financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
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The information given in the trustees’ annual report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements
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The trustees’ annual report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent charitable company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the trustees’ annual report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 and Charities Act 2011 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
-
Adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent charitable company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
-
The parent charitable company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
-
Certain disclosures of trustees’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
-
We have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or
-
The directors were not entitled to prepare the financial statements in accordance with the small companies regime and take advantage of the small companies’ exemptions in preparing the trustees’ annual report and from the requirement to prepare a strategic report.
Responsibilities of trustees
As explained more fully in the statement of trustees’ responsibilities set out in the trustees’ annual report, the trustees (who are also the directors of the parent charitable company for the purposes of company law) are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the trustees determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the trustees are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent charitable company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the trustees either intend to liquidate the group or the parent charitable company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
We have been appointed auditor under the Companies Act 2006 and section 151 of the Charites Act 2011 and report in accordance with those Acts.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud are set out below.
Capability of the audit in detecting irregularities
In identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, our procedures included the following:
- We enquired of management which included obtaining and reviewing supporting documentation, concerning the group’s policies and procedures relating to:
14
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Identifying, evaluating, and complying with laws and regulations and whether they were aware of any instances of non-compliance;
-
Detecting and responding to the risks of fraud and whether they have knowledge of any actual, suspected, or alleged fraud;
-
The internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations.
-
We inspected the minutes of meetings of those charged with governance.
-
We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework that the group operates in, focusing on those laws and regulations that had a material effect on the financial statements or that had a fundamental effect on the operations of the group from our professional and sector experience.
-
We communicated applicable laws and regulations throughout the audit team and remained alert to any indications of non-compliance throughout the audit.
-
We reviewed any reports made to regulators.
-
We reviewed the financial statement disclosures and tested these to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
-
We performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud.
-
In addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls, we tested the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments, assessed whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias and tested significant transactions that are unusual or those outside the normal course of business.
Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.
A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the charitable company's members as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and section 144 of the Charities Act 2011 and regulations made under section 154 of that Act. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the charitable company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charitable company and the charitable company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Fleur Holden (Senior statutory auditor) 17 February 2026
For and on behalf of Sayer Vincent LLP, Statutory Auditor 110 Golden Lane, LONDON, EC1Y 0TG
Sayer Vincent LLP is eligible to act as auditor in terms of section 1212 of the Companies Act 2006
15
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Unrestricted | Restricted | Endowment | Total | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Funds | Funds | Funds | Funds | Funds | ||
| Note | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | ||
| Income and endowments from: | ||||||
| Grants and donations | 592,220 | 322,641 | - | 914,861 | 856,285 | |
| Charitable activities: | ||||||
| Secondary affiliation fees | 199,619 | - | - | 199,619 | 227,552 | |
| Primary Hubs | 136,125 | - | - | 136,125 | 72,000 | |
| Leadership Residentials and Programmes | 26,895 | - | - | 26,895 | 14,971 | |
| New Teacher Subject Days | 8,610 | - | - | 8,610 | 12,540 | |
| Subject Enrichment Residentials | 77,390 | - | - | 77,390 | 9,040 | |
| Other Continuing Professional Development | 14,814 | - | - | 14,814 | 11,728 | |
| Other trading activities | 16,223 | - | - | 16,223 | 18,640 | |
| Bank interest | 26,454 | - | - | 26,454 | 20,931 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Total income | 1,098,350 | 322,641 | - | 1,420,991 | 1,243,687 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Expenditure on: | ||||||
| Raising funds | 3 | 114,008 | - | - | 114,008 | 139,958 |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Charitable activities: | 2 | |||||
| Subject leadership programme | 182,713 | - | - | 182,713 | 202,472 | |
| Subject Enrichment Residentials | 146,582 | 73,744 | - | 220,326 | 283,576 | |
| Primary Hubs | 108,614 | 239,128 | - | 347,742 | 240,081 | |
| Leadership Residentials and Programmes | 181,500 | - | - | 181,500 | 164,539 | |
| New Teacher Subject Days | 206,440 | - | - | 206,440 | 216,721 | |
| Continuing Professional Development | 249,291 | 9,769 | - | 259,060 | 247,118 | |
| Website and CRM | 54,838 | - | - | 54,838 | 43,047 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Total Cost of Charitable Activities | 1,129,978 | 322,641 | - | 1,452,619 | 1,397,554 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Total Expenditure | 1,243,986 | 322,641 | - | 1,566,627 | 1,537,512 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Net expenditure before other recognised losses | ||||||
| and transfers | (145,636) | - | - | (145,636) | (293,825) | |
| Net (losses) / gains on investments | 7 | - | - | (62,265) | (62,265) | 503,057 |
| Transfer between funds | 11 | 147,095 | - | (147,095) | - | - |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Net income / (expenditure) for the year | 1,459 | - | (209,360) | (207,901) | 209,232 | |
| Total funds as at 1 October 2024 | 738,428 | - | 3,651,875 | 4,390,303 | 4,181,071 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Total funds at 30 September 2025 | 739,887 | - | 3,442,515 | 4,182,402 | 4,390,303 | |
| ========= | ========= | ========= | ========= | ========= |
The Consolidated Statement of Financial Activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year. All income and expenditure derive from continuing activities. Details of comparative figures by fund are included in note 15.
The notes to the financial statements form part of these accounts.
16
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
Company Number: 05910443
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
AT 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2024 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Fixed assets | |||||
| Tangible fixed assets | 6 | 15,326 | 30,106 | ||
| Investments | 7 | 3,442,515 | 3,651,875 | ||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| 3,457,841 | 3,681,981 | ||||
| Current assets | |||||
| Debtors | 8 | 349,833 | 367,396 | ||
| Cash at bank and in hand | 758,074 | 687,984 | |||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| 1,107,907 | 1,055,380 | ||||
| Creditors | |||||
| Amounts falling due within one | |||||
| year | 9 | (383,346) | (338,718) | ||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| Net current assets | 724,561 | 716,662 | |||
| Creditors | |||||
| Amounts falling due after one | |||||
| year | 10 | - | (8,340) | ||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| Net assets | 4,182,402 | 4,390,303 | |||
| ========= | ========= | ||||
| Funds | |||||
| Restricted funds | 11 | - | - | ||
| Endowment funds | 11 | 3,442,515 | 3,651,875 | ||
| Unrestricted funds | 11 | 739,887 | 738,428 | ||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| 4,182,402 | 4,390,303 | ||||
| ========= | ========= |
The deficit of the charity for the year ended 30 September 2025 was £207,901 (2025: Surplus - £209,232) Approved by the Board of Trustees and authorised for issue on 9 February 2026.
K’thiel (Keith) Breslauer
Chairman
17
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
Company Number: 05910443
CHARITY BALANCE SHEET
AT 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2024 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Fixed assets | |||||
| Tangible fixed assets | 6 | 15,326 | 30,106 | ||
| Investments | 7 | 3,442,516 | 3,651,876 | ||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| 3,457,842 | 3,681,982 | ||||
| Current assets | |||||
| Debtors | 8 | 330,429 | 292,698 | ||
| Cash at bank and in hand | 630,974 | 632,569 | |||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| 961,403 | 925,267 | ||||
| Creditors | |||||
| Amounts falling due within one | |||||
| year | 9 | (236,843) | (208,606) | ||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| Net current assets | 724,560 | 716,661 | |||
| Creditors | |||||
| Amounts falling due after one | |||||
| year | 10 | - | (8,340) | ||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| Net assets | 4,182,402 | 4,390,303 | |||
| ========= | ========= | ||||
| Funds | |||||
| Restricted funds | 11 | - | - | ||
| Endowment funds | 11 | 3,442,515 | 3,651,875 | ||
| Unrestricted funds | 11 | 739,887 | 738,428 | ||
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||||
| 4,182,402 | 4,390,303 | ||||
| ========= | ========= |
Approved by the Board of Trustees and authorised for issue on 9 February 2026.
K’thiel (Keith) Breslauer
Chairman
18
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASHFLOWS
AT 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Note | 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| £ | £ | ||
| Cash flow from operating activities | |||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (i) | (102,357) | (246,659) |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ||
| Cash flow from investing activities | |||
| Investment income | 26,454 | 20,931 | |
| Purchase of tangible fixed assets | (1,102) | - | |
| Proceeds from disposal of fixed asset investments through | |||
| investment manager | 147,095 | 544,887 | |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ||
| Net cash provided by investment activities | 172,447 | 565,818 | |
| Change in cash and cash equivalents | 70,090 | 319,159 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the start of the year | 687,984 | 368,825 | |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | 758,074 | 687,984 | |
| ======== | ======== | ||
| (i) Reconciliation of net income to net cash flow from operating | activities | ||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||
| £ | £ | ||
| Net expenditure | (145,636) | (293,825) | |
| Adjustments for: | |||
| Depreciation charge | 15,882 | 15,901 | |
| Investment income | (26,454) | (20,931) | |
| Decrease in debtors | 17,563 | 45,688 | |
| Increase in creditors | 36,288 | 6,508 | |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (102,357) | (246,659) | |
| ======== | ======== |
19
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Accounting policies
The charity is a company limited by guarantee, that was incorporated in England and Wales. Its registered office is 14-15 Lower Grosvenor Place, London, England, SW1W 0EX. The registered company number is 05910443, and the registered charity number is 1116224.
The principal accounting policies, which have been applied consistently throughout the year, are as follows:
a) Basis of preparation of the financial statements
These financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis, under the historical cost convention, as modified by the revaluation of investments being measured at fair value through income and expenditure within the Consolidated Statement of Financial Activities.
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102). The Charitable Company is a public benefit company for the purposes of FRS 102 and therefore the charity also prepared its financial statements in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (Charities SORP 2015, second edition effective 1 January 2019), the Companies Act 2006 and the Charities Act 2011.
The Trustees have assessed whether the use of the going concern basis is appropriate and have considered possible events or conditions that might cast significant doubt on the ability of the charitable company to continue as a going concern. The Trustees have made this assessment for a period of at least one year from the date of approval of the financial statements. In particular the Trustees have considered the charitable company’s forecasts and projections have taken account of pressures on income. After making enquiries the Trustees have concluded that there are no material uncertainties and there is a reasonable expectation that the charitable company has adequate resources to continue to operational existence for the foreseeable future. The charitable company therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements.
The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the charity. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest pound.
b) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated (group) financial statements comprise the charity and its wholly owned subsidiary PTI Education Limited.
The results of the trading subsidiary company are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Activities by disclosing the income and expenditure derived from its non-charitable trading activities separately from those of the charity. A summary profit and loss account for the trading subsidiary is included in note 7. The charity has not prepared its own statement of financial activities, as permitted under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006.
The subsidiary company’s assets and liabilities are consolidated in the Balance Sheet on a line-by-line basis.
c) Fund accounting
General funds are unrestricted funds which are available for use at the discretion of the Trustees in furtherance of the general objectives of the charitable company and which have not been designated for other purposes.
The endowment fund represents donations that are to be used as an expendable endowment for teacher professional development that is both capital and income and can be drawn down to a maximum level of the higher of £100,000 or 4% of the value of the fund on 31st December of the financial year in question.
Restricted funds are subject to restrictions on their expenditure imposed by the donor.
20
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d) Income
All income is included in the statement of financial activities when the charity has entitlement to the funds, receipt is probable, and the amount can be measured with sufficient reliability.
Where the donor has specified that the donations or grants relate to future periods or that certain preconditions must be fulfilled before use, amounts received are recognised in the relevant period or when preconditions have been met.
Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid or Deeds of Covenant is recognised at the time of the donation.
Income tax recoverable in relation to investment income is recognised at the time the investment income is receivable.
e) Expenditure
All expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis and has been included under expense categories that aggregate all costs for allocation to activities.
Costs of raising funds comprise the expenditure on fundraising activities, including investment management fees, as well as an apportionment of relevant staff costs, whereas cost of charitable activities include all directly attributable costs with regards to the Subject Leadership Programme, Subject Enrichment Residentials, Primary Hubs, Leadership Residentials and Programmes, New Teacher Subject Days, other Continuing Professional Development courses and the development of the website, as well as an apportionment of other costs as detailed below.
Support costs are those costs incurred in support of expenditure on the objects of the charity and include project management and administration costs.
Overheads and other support costs not directly attributable to a particular activity are apportioned over the relevant activities on the basis of management estimates of the amount attributable to that activity in the year, either by reference to staff time spent or ratio of the number of days of each type of activity, as appropriate. Irrecoverable VAT is included with the item of expenditure to which it relates.
Governance costs comprise the expenditure on governance of the charity including audit fees, legal advice for Trustees, costs of Trustee meetings and an apportionment of relevant staff costs to reflect time spent on governance-related matters. In accordance with FRS 102, these are now included within support costs above.
f) Tangible fixed assets and depreciation
Tangible fixed assets costing more than £1,000 are capitalised. Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less depreciation. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost or valuation of fixed assets less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives on the following basis:
Office fittings and equipment 20% on cost Computer equipment 33% on cost
g) Investments
Investments are stated at market value at the balance sheet date. The statement of financial activities includes the net gains and losses arising on revaluations and disposals throughout the year.
h) Pensions
The charitable company does not operate a pension scheme but contributes to employees’ personal pension arrangements. Contributions are charged to the Consolidated Statement of Financial Activities on an accruals basis.
i) Operating leases
All payments under operating leases are charged to the statement of financial activities in the year in which they fall due.
21
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
j) Financial instruments
The charity has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ to all of its financial instruments. Financial instruments are recognised in the charity’s balance sheet when the charity becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Basic financial instruments are recognised at transaction value and subsequently adjusted for impairment with the exception of investment which are initially measured at transaction price and subsequently at fair value.
k) Critical accounting estimates and areas of judgement
In the application of the charity’s accounting policies, the Trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision effects only that period, or the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.
The annual depreciation charge for fixed assets is sensitive to change in the estimated useful economic lives and residual value of assets. These are reassessed annually and amended were necessary to reflect current circumstances.
l) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
22
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Cost of Charitable Activities
| Leadership | New | Other | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Subject | Subject | Residentials | Teacher | Continuing | Website | Total | |
| Leadership | Enrichment | Primary | And | Subject | Professional | And | Funds | |
| Programme | Residentials | Hubs | Programmes | Days | Development | CRM | 2025 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Activities direct | ||||||||
| costs | 66,189 | 111,617 | 64,179 | 61,715 | 81,946 | 36,769 | 32,178 | 454,593 |
| Support costs | ||||||||
| Wages and salaries | 82,916 | 78,629 | 208,815 | 83,140 | 92,094 | 155,661 | 16,927 | 718,182 |
| Consultancy | 4,125 | 2,575 | 3,000 | 6,337 | 900 | 2,813 | - | 19,750 |
| General office | ||||||||
| costs | 25,250 | 23,556 | 61,446 | 25,956 | 26,977 | 55,741 | 4,910 | 223,836 |
| Governance costs | 4,233 | 3,949 | 10,302 | 4,352 | 4,523 | 8,076 | 823 | 36,258 |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | -------------- | ------------------ | |
| 116,524 | 108,709 | 283,563 | 119,785 | 124,494 | 222,291 | 22,660 | 998,026 | |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | -------------- | ------------------ | |
| 182,713 | 220,326 | 347,742 | 181,500 | 206,440 | 259,060 | 54,838 | 1,452,619 | |
| ======== | ======== | ======== | ======== | ======== | ======== | ======= | ========= |
| Leadership | New | Other | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Subject | Subject | Residentials | Teacher | Continuing | Website | Total | |
| Leadership | Enrichment | Primary | And | Subject | Professional | And | Funds | |
| Programme | Residentials | Hubs | Programmes | Days | Development | CRM | 2024 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Activities direct | ||||||||
| costs | 66,553 | 161,303 | 34,108 | 57,777 | 71,074 | 35,388 | 23,766 | 449,969 |
| Support costs | ||||||||
| Wages and salaries | 93,448 | 79,975 | 150,707 | 60,364 | 101,772 | 143,745 | 14,509 | 644,520 |
| Consultancy | 8,831 | 12,035 | 4,288 | 19,975 | 7,827 | 7,485 | - | 60,441 |
| General office | ||||||||
| costs | 27,441 | 24,686 | 41,584 | 21,554 | 29,405 | 50,843 | 3,893 | 199,406 |
| Governance costs | 6,199 | 5,577 | 9,394 | 4,869 | 6,643 | 9,657 | 879 | 43,218 |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | -------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | -------------- | ------------------ | |
| 135,919 | 122,273 | 205,973 | 106,762 | 145,647 | 211,730 | 19,281 | 947,585 | |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | -------------- | ------------------ | |
| 202,472 | 283,576 | 240,081 | 164,539 | 216,721 | 247,118 | 43,047 | 1,397,554 | |
| ======== | ======== | ======== | ======== | ======== | ======== | ======= | ========= |
23
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
3. Cost of raising funds
| **3. ** | Cost of raising funds | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |||
| £ | £ | |||
| Wages and salaries | 86,983 | 94,578 | ||
| General office costs | 25,233 | 25,375 | ||
| Direct fundraising and event-related costs | 1,792 | 20,005 | ||
| ---------------- | ---------------- | |||
| 114,008 | 139,958 | |||
| ======== | ======== | |||
| **4. ** | Governance costs | |||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||
| £ | £ | |||
| Wages and salaries | 17,408 | 19,317 | ||
| General office costs | 5,050 | 8,151 | ||
| Auditor’s remuneration | - The Professional Teaching Institute (audit fees) | 10,805 | 10,200 | |
| - PTI Education Limited (audit fees) | 2,995 | 3,050 | ||
| - The Professional Teaching Institute (non-audit fees) | - | 1,250 | ||
| - PTI Education Limited (non-audit fees) | - | 1,250 | ||
| ---------------- | ---------------- | |||
| 36,258 | 43,218 | |||
| ======== | ======== | |||
| **5. ** | Staff costs | |||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||
| £ | £ | |||
| Wages and salaries | 611,905 | 601,273 | ||
| Social security costs | 72,168 | 59,728 | ||
| Contributions to personal pension schemes | 138,500 | 97,414 | ||
| ---------------- | ---------------- | |||
| 822,573 | 758,415 | |||
| ======== | ======== |
The number of employees whose remuneration fell into the following bands were as follows:
| 2025 | 2024 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No | No | ||
| £70,001 | - £80,000 | 2 | 2 |
| £80,001 | - £90,000 | 1 | - |
| £90,001 | - £100,000 | - | 1 |
| ====== | ====== |
Pension contributions of £83,549 (2024: £55,151) were paid on behalf of these individuals. Total termination payments during the year were £nil (2024: £1,000).
The average number of people employed by the charity during the year, calculated on a headcount basis, was as follows:
| 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| No | No | |
| Charitable activities | 16.0 | 14.3 |
| Governance | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| ------------ | ------------ | |
| 16.3 | 14.6 | |
| ====== | ====== |
24
THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Staff costs (continued)
No Trustee received remuneration from the charity during the current or preceding year. Two trustees (2024: none) were reimbursed travel expenses totalling £361 (2024: £nil).
Key management Personnel
Key management personnel comprise the Full-time Co-Director, Part-time Co-Director, Chief Operating Officer, Head of Fundraising, Senior Philanthropy and Partnerships Manager, Head of Core Programmes and the Head of Educational Strategy, School Development and Membership. The total employment costs (including employers’ national insurance and pension contributions) for these individuals were £469,674 (2024: £438,152).
6. Tangible fixed assets – Charity and Consolidated
| Office | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer | Fittings and | ||
| Equipment | Equipment | Total | |
| £ | £ | £ | |
| Cost | |||
| As at 1 October 2024 | 76,537 | 83,557 | 160,094 |
| Additions | 1,102 | - | 1,102 |
| -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | |
| At 30 September 2025 | 77,639 | 83,557 | 161,196 |
| ======= | ======= | ======= | |
| Depreciation | |||
| As at 1 October 2024 | 73,949 | 56,039 | 129,988 |
| Charge during the year | 1,127 | 14,755 | 15,882 |
| -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | |
| At 30 September 2025 | 75,076 | 70,794 | 145,870 |
| ======= | ======= | ======= | |
| Net Book Value | |||
| At 30 September 2024 | 2,588 | 27,518 | 30,106 |
| ======= | ======== | ======== | |
| At 30 September 2025 | 2,563 | 12,763 | 15,326 |
| ======= | ======== | ======== | |
| Fixed Asset Investments | |||
| Listed | Listed | ||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||
| Consolidated | £ | £ | |
| Fair value brought forward | 3,651,875 | 3,693,705 | |
| Acquisitions at cost | - | - | |
| Less: disposal proceeds | (147,095) | (544,887) | |
| (Losses) / gains on investments | (62,265) | 503,057 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Fair value carried forward | 3,442,515 | 3,651,875 | |
| ========= | ========= |
7. Fixed Asset Investments
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THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
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7. Fixed Asset Investments (continued)
Charity
The Charity owns PTI Education Limited, a company incorporated in the United Kingdom and registered in England, company number 10353080 and holds 100% of the £1 share capital.
The Charity contracts PTI Education Limited to provide on its behalf its training and support services for secondary and primary school teachers. The Charity then charges PTI Education Ltd for its use of the Charity’s staff, premises and equipment. Any taxable profits generated by the company are gift aided to the Charity.
The net profit of the company at 30 September 2025 is £126,870 (2024: £1,234) before the gift aid payment is made.
Its trading results, extracted from its audited accounts were as follows:
| 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| £ | £ | |
| Turnover | 1,744,676 | 1,821,469 |
| Cost of sales | (422,415) | (426,203) |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Gross profit | 1,322,261 | 1,395,266 |
| Administrative expenses | (1,196,632) | (1,395,534) |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Operating profit / (loss) | 125,629 | (268) |
| Interest | 1,241 | 1,502 |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Profit before taxation | 126,870 | 1,234 |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Tax on profit | - | - |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Profit for the financial year | 126,870 | 1,234 |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Gift aid payment | (126,870) | (1,234) |
| ========= | ========= | |
| A summary of its assets is shown below: | ||
| 2025 | 2024 | |
| £ | £ | |
| Debtors | 308,033 | 180,735 |
| Cash at bank and in hand | 127,100 | 55,415 |
| Creditors falling due within one year | (435,132) | (236,149) |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | |
| Net current assets | 1 | 1 |
| ======== | ======== |
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THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
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8. Debtors
| Debtors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated | Consolidated | Charity | Charity | |
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Trade debtors | 127,493 | 69,377 | 11,440 | 5,000 |
| Prepayments | 91,943 | 61,656 | 50,575 | 45,059 |
| Accrued income | 91,397 | 188,977 | 91,183 | 188,816 |
| VAT recoverable | - | 8,386 | 11,361 | 13,589 |
| Intercompany debtor | - | - | 126,870 | 1,234 |
| Rent deposit | 39,000 | 39,000 | 39,000 | 39,000 |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | |
| 349,833 | 367,396 | 330,429 | 292,698 | |
| ======== | ======== | ======== | ======== |
9. Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year
| Consolidated | Consolidated | Charity | Charity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Trade creditors | 34,915 | 74,339 | 26,381 | 65,553 |
| Intercompany creditor | - | - | 150,398 | 99,600 |
| Deferred income | 237,751 | 186,048 | 8,341 | 9,770 |
| Other creditors | 9,751 | 9,752 | - | - |
| VAT payable | 13,680 | - | - | - |
| Accruals | 87,249 | 68,579 | 51,723 | 33,683 |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | |
| 383,346 | 338,718 | 236,843 | 208,606 | |
| ======== | ======== | ======== | ======== | |
| Consolidated | Consolidated | Charity | Charity | |
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Deferred income at 1 October 2024 | 194,388 | 244,141 | 18,110 | 40,178 |
| Deferred income – general | 229,410 | 176,278 | - | - |
| Amount released to restricted and unrestricted | ||||
| funds in the SOFA | (186,047) | (226,031) | (9,769) | (22,068) |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | |
| Deferred income at 30 September 2025 | 237,751 | 194,388 | 8,341 | 18,110 |
| ======== | ======== | ======== | ======== |
Deferred income consists of advance affiliation fees and payments for events and programmes due to be delivered in the 2025/26 financial year.
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THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
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10. Creditors: Amounts falling due after one year
| Consolidated | Consolidated | Charity | Charity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Deferred income | - | 8,340 | - | 8,340 |
| -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | |
| - | 8,340 | - | 8,340 | |
| ======= | ======= | ======= | ======= |
11. Movement in funds
| Income & | Expenditure | At 30 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At 1 October | Investment | & Investment | September | ||
| Group | 2024 | gains | losses | Transfers | 2025 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Restricted funds | |||||
| Subject Enrichment Residentials | - | 73,744 | (73,744) | - | - |
| Primary Hubs | - | 239,128 | (239,128) | - | - |
| New Teacher Subject Days | - | - | - | - | - |
| Continuing Professional Development | - | 9,769 | (9,769) | - | - |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Total restricted funds | - | 322,641 | (322,641) | - | - |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Endowment funds | |||||
| Teacher Training Fund | 3,651,875 | - | (62,265) | (147,095) | 3,442,515 |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Unrestricted General Funds | 738,428 | 1,098,350 | (1,243,986) | 147,095 | 739,887 |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Total Funds | 4,390,303 | 1,420,991 | (1,628,892) | - | 4,182,402 |
| ========= | ========= | ========= | ========= | ========= | |
| Movement in funds – prior year comparative | |||||
| Income & | Expenditure | At 30 | |||
| At 1 October | Investment | & Investment | September | ||
| Group | 2023 | gains | losses | Transfers | 2024 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Restricted funds | |||||
| Subject Enrichment Residentials | - | 31,250 | (31,250) | - | - |
| Primary Programme | - | 96,050 | (96,050) | - | - |
| New Teacher Subject Days | - | 19,800 | (19,800) | - | - |
| Continuing Professional Development | - | 10,269 | (10,269) | - | - |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Total restricted funds | - | 157,369 | (157,369) | - | - |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Endowment funds | |||||
| Teacher Training Fund | 3,323,395 | 473,502 | - | (145,022) | 3,651,875 |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Unrestricted General Funds | 857,676 | 1,115,873 | (1,380,143) | 145,022 | 738,428 |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | |
| Total Funds | 4,181,071 | 1,746,744 | (1,537,512) | - | 4,390,303 |
| ========= | ========= | ========= | ========= | ========= |
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THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
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11. Movement in funds (continued)
Subject Enrichment Residentials
The Subject Enrichment Residentials restricted fund relates to funding received specifically for the 2025 Subject enrichment residentials.
Primary Hubs
The Primary Hubs restricted fund relates to funding received specifically for primary hubs support.
New Teacher Subject Days
The New Teacher Subject Days restricted fund relates to funding received specifically for the provision of the new teacher subject days courses.
Continuing Professional Development
The Continuing Professional Development restricted fund relates to funding received specifically for the provision of continuing professional development activities.
Endowment Funds
No further donations to the Teacher Training Fund were expected or received during the year under review. The fund is an expendable endowment fund that is both capital and income, and the maximum drawdown per annum is the higher of £100,000 or 4% of the value of the fund on 31st December of the financial year in question. On 31st December 2024 the fund was valued at £3,677,374, making £147,095 available, which has been drawn down. Together with losses on investments, this resulted in endowment funds decreasing 5.7% to £3,443k (2024: £3,652k).
12. Analysis of net assets between funds
| Fixed | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| assets | Investments | Debtors | Bank | Creditors | 2025 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Unrestricted funds | 15,326 | - | 349,833 | 758,074 | (383,346) | 739,887 |
| Restricted funds | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Endowment funds | - | 3,442,515 | - | - | - | 3,442,515 |
| ---------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ------------------ | |
| 15,326 | 3,442,515 | 349,833 | 758,074 | (383,346) | 4,182,402 | |
| ======== | ========= | ======== | ======== | ======== | ========= | |
| Fixed | Total | |||||
| assets | Investments | Debtors | Bank | Creditors | 2024 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| Unrestricted funds | 30,106 | - | 367,396 | 687,984 | (347,058) | 738,428 |
| Restricted funds | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Endowment funds | - | 3,651,875 | - | - | - | 3,651,875 |
| ---------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ------------------ | |
| 30,106 | 3,651,875 | 367,396 | 687,984 | (347,058) | 4,390,303 | |
| ======== | ========= | ======== | ======== | ======== | ========= |
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THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
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13. Transactions involving Trustees and related parties
During the year, two trustees of The Professional Teaching Institute and a director of PTI Education Ltd, made unrestricted donations to the Institute totalling £53,000 (2024: £108,074).
14. Operating lease commitments
At 30 September 2025, the charity had total commitments under non-cancellable leases for buildings as follows:
| 2025 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| £ | £ | |
| Payable in less than one year | 47,904 | 65,000 |
| Payable within two to five years | - | 47,904 |
| -------------- | -------------- | |
| 47,904 | 112,904 | |
| ======= | ======= |
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THE PROFESSIONAL TEACHING INSTITUTE
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2025
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15. Comparative Consolidated SOFA
| 15. Comparative Consolidated SOFA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrestricted | Restricted | Endowment | Total | Total | ||
| Funds | Funds | Funds | Funds | Funds | ||
| Note | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | ||
| Income and endowments from: | ||||||
| Grants and donations | 698,916 | 157,369 | - | 856,285 | 759,511 | |
| Charitable activities: | ||||||
| Secondary affiliation fees | 227,552 | - | - | 227,552 | 267,892 | |
| Primary Hubs | 72,000 | - | - | 72,000 | 42,000 | |
| Leadership Residentials and Programmes | 14,971 | - | - | 14,971 | 7,175 | |
| New Teacher Subject Days | 12,540 | - | - | 12,540 | 25,534 | |
| Subject Enrichment Residentials | 9,040 | - | - | 9,040 | 13,185 | |
| Other Continuing Professional Development | 11,728 | - | - | 11,728 | 24,255 | |
| Other trading activities | 18,640 | - | - | 18,640 | 16,432 | |
| Bank interest | 20,931 | - | - | 20,931 | 16,709 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Total income | 1,086,318 | 157,369 | - | 1,243,687 | 1,172,693 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Expenditure on: | ||||||
| Raising funds | 3 | 139,958 | - | - | 139,958 | 137,776 |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Charitable activities: | 2 | |||||
| Subject leadership programme | 171,222 | 31,250 | - | 202,472 | 203,956 | |
| Subject Enrichment Residentials | 283,576 | - | - | 283,576 | 292,237 | |
| Primary Hubs | 144,031 | 96,050 | - | 240,081 | 168,352 | |
| Leadership Residentials and Programmes | 164,539 | - | - | 164,539 | 157,916 | |
| New Teacher Subject Days | 196,921 | 19,800 | - | 216,721 | 220,457 | |
| Continuing Professional Development | 236,849 | 10,269 | - | 247,118 | 238,692 | |
| Website and CRM | 43,047 | - | - | 43,047 | 46,089 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Total Cost of Charitable Activities | 1,240,185 | 157,369 | - | 1,397,554 | 1,327,699 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Total Expenditure | 1,380,143 | 157,369 | - | 1,537,512 | 1,465,475 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Net expenditure before other recognised losses | ||||||
| and transfers | (293,825) | - | - | (293,825) | (292,782) | |
| Net gains on investments | 7 | 29,555 | - | 473,502 | 503,057 | 158,664 |
| Transfer between funds | 11 | 145,022 | - | (145,022) | - | - |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Net income / (expenditure) for the year | (119,248) | - | 328,480 | 209,232 | (134,118) | |
| Total funds as at 1 October 2023 | 857,676 | - | 3,323,395 | 4,181,071 | 4,315,189 | |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ | ||
| Total funds at 30 September 2024 | 738,428 | - | 3,651,875 | 4,390,303 | 4,181,071 | |
| ========= | ========= | ========= | ========= | ========= |
31