2025-12-31-accounts - Friends Of Amani Tanzania

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Annual Report and Accounts: Friends of Amani Tanzania Registered Charity Number 1114281 Year Ending 31 December 2025

Charity Registered Address

Jaycroft, Elm Lane Lower Earley Reading RG6 5UG

Trustees

Professor Ken Spours (Chair) Leslie Green (Treasurer) Bridget Green (Secretary) Catherine Swanson Rachel Derry John Bullock

Bank Details

CAF Bank Ltd 25 Kings Hill Avenue Kings Hill West Malling, Kent ME19 4JQ

Account No: 0036740 Sort Code: 40-52-40

Trustees’ Report

The Board of Trustees of Friends of Amani Tanzania (the Charity) present their annual report for the year ending 31 December 2025 under the Charities Act 2011, together with the financial statements for that year which have been subject to independent examination.

Governance

The Charity was formed in 2005, made its Declaration of Trust on 24 March 2006 and obtained registered charity status on 18 May 2006.

The Trustees are obliged to hold at least two ordinary meetings a year. In 2025 the Trustees met five times via Zoom on:

7 January
1 April
12 June
23 September
9 December

The Trustees apply the income of the charity to further the following objectives:

The relief of financial hardship in Tanzania, in particular to support the work of the Amani Centre, Morogoro, for persons with disabilities.
To advance the education of people in Tanzania, in particular those with disabilities.

Banking

The application to open a Charity Account with CAF Bank was approved on 1 December 2023. The Authorised Signatories are - Leslie Green (Trustee and Treasurer), Bridget Green (Trustee and Secretary), Ken Spours (Chair of Trustees) and Rachel Derry (Trustee). Any two of the above may authorise payments.

There are three regular donors who are still paying into the old RBS account monthly. Despite best efforts of the Trustees, it has not been possible to contact them to advise them of the bank change. Until such time as all regular donors to the Charity have redirected their payments to the new CAF account, Trustees have agreed to keep both accounts open.

Safeguarding

FOAT remains committed to upholding the integrity of its Safeguarding commitments as outlined by the UK Charity Commission. In a strategic attempt to keep Safeguarding as a core focus in our Trustee meetings, there is a designated agenda item where an aspect of International Safeguarding is presented and discussed. We have a designated Safeguarding Lead on the Board, who lived and worked in

Tanzania for 20 years as a Safeguarding Officer for another charity. She herself was a volunteer at Amani Centre. She is also a registered UK nurse. She ensures that all trustees have up to date DBS checks and follow the FOAT Code of Conduct. She makes spontaneous visits to Amani on an annual basis to identify any serious safeguarding risks and looks for opportunities to provide contextually relevant training. This enables her to align UK Charity Commission standards with culturally sensitive and realistic practices on the ground at Amani and in Shinyanga.

Trustee and Associate Visits –

Chair of Trustees Prof Ken Spours visited the Amani Centre for 10 days in May/June 2025.

FOAT Associate, Barbara Bristow, visited the Amani Centre for a period of five weeks in June/July 2025.

Trustees, Bridget and Leslie Green visited the Amani Centre for a period of 9 days in August 2025.

Trustees held regular discussions with Fr Beatus (Director) and Emmanuel Mlegu (Assistant Director) by WhatsApp.

Cathy Swanson, Safeguarding Lead, ran a three-day Child Protection workshop in Morogoro, in November 2025, and a valued member of the Amani centre community helped with that training.

In addition, Trustees Bridget and Leslie Green visited the Anglican Diocese of Shinyanga in July 2025 for a period of 10 days, to review Care Ministry work there in their capacity as FOAT Trustees and Commissaries of the Bishop of Shinyanga.

About Amani

The Amani Centre for Persons with Disabilities, Morogoro, Tanzania is a non-profit organization that educates and empowers mentally and physically challenged children and youth. Established in 1992 by Josephine Bakhita, Amani has over the last 30+ years grown to become a major social partner in the Morogoro area. It aims, with the support of its friends in the UK, to become a model NGO promoting awareness about disability, services for the disabled and broader partnerships for education and care across Tanzania as a whole. In 2010 the Amani Centre ownership was transferred to the Roman Catholic Church and Father Beatus Sewando was appointed Director. He continues in that role and is assisted by Emmanuel Mlegu, a teacher of special needs, now employed as a Schools Inspector.

Since 2015, Amani has been working in collaboration with the Anglican Diocese of Morogoro on joint outreach projects to families of the disabled in the Morogoro Region. In 2023 the Lutheran Church joined this Ecumenical initiative.

Presently the Amani Centre:

employs over 50 workers, most in a voluntary capacity,
gains additional support from both international and local volunteers,
has developed an infrastructure comprising four centres - Amani Centre in Morogoro (Chamwino), the Mvomero Residential School for the hearing impaired, a Farm and Vocational Centre at Mikese, and an outreach centre at Magubike,
undertakes community-based rehabilitation for children with mental and physical disabilities – over 7,000 persons currently receive either primary health care and education at the Amani Centre, at its outreach stations or in the wider community,
seeks to improve the quality of life identified through the continued efforts of Amani and the Ecumenical Team through outreach in village communities throughout the Morogoro Region,

educates the young members of staff who work at the Centre and supports the work of volunteers,
has developed links with Shinyanga Anglican Diocese (Lakes Region of Tanzania) through its ecumenical outreach work with the disabled.

About Shinyanga

Projects amongst disadvantaged communities led by the Anglican Church of Tanzania in Shinyanga and supported by Friends of Amani Tanzania (FOAT) are independent from those at the Amani Centre, Morogoro. Funds for these projects are deposited into the FOAT account and ring-fenced for Shinyanga. Payments are made to the Shinyanga Care Ministry Account which is administered by the

Diocesan Bishop, Care Ministry Coordinator (Priest) and the Diocesan Accountant. In July 2021 Bridget and Leslie Green were appointed as Commissaries of the Bishop of Shinyanga and in November 2023 both were invited to be Lay Canons of St Stephen’s Cathedral, Shinyanga in recognition of their work in support of Care Ministry in the Diocese. They were officially inducted at a service held in the Cathedral on 15 July 2024.

What follows is a summary of Friends of Amani Tanzania’s (FOAT’s) activities for the financial year ending 31 December 2025.

Fundraising and Awareness

The Charity has five major strategies for fundraising and raising awareness:

1. Educational partnership and support.

2. Corporate donations and bids to charitable trusts.

3. Regular giving and gift aid.

4. Harnessing the good-will of UK Amani volunteers.

5. Events and initiatives.

Examples of each are given below.

1. Educational partnership and support

The Charity has developed a range of important partnerships with schools, colleges, universities and churches. The hope is that those young people in the UK who are involved in either fundraising or visiting the Amani Centre will continue to be committed to its work in the future, having learned a great deal in the process. In addition, the links with schools, colleges and universities in the Morogoro and Mvomero regions of Tanzania will not only lead to better resourcing for these institutions, but also to visits for some to the UK.

All student volunteers have spoken highly of their experience on their return whilst offering valuable constructive feedback on how certain procedures could be organised with greater efficiency. A volunteer legacy for Amani Centre and FOAT is the regular giving by those who are able.

We are pleased to report that in 2025, the Chair of Trustees, Professor Ken Spours visited Amani, giving his time to strengthen relationships between FOAT and the Diocese of Morogoro, his expertise in education development initiatives and a generous donation towards the further education of two of the nuns (Masista) to study for teaching education diplomas.

Over the years FOAT has been in existence, Trustees Bridget and Leslie Green have developed a network of individuals through their local church (St Luke’s Church in Reading) keen to support Amani’s work. Since 2020, Bridget and Leslie have developed a further network of supporters, including Earley St Peter’s Church, Reading, sponsoring Care Ministry work amongst the disabled in Shinyanga.

Trustees are pleased to work closely with an associate, Barbara Bristow who has her own network of supporters in the UK. Barbara normally visits Amani annually for a period of four to five weeks.

Ken Spours is working with several universities in China, where he is attempting to develop links to support vocational training for Amani students.

2. Corporate donations and bids to charitable trusts

Trustees and volunteers have worked hard to present their work to companies and other charitable organizations who might be interested in donating to the charity. In 2025 the Charity received funds from:

John Pitman Charitable Trust (Amani) £950
• The Rotary Club of Reading (Amani) £866
Earley St Peter’s Church (Shinyanga) £810
Souter Charitable Trust (Shinyanga) £2,975

3. Regular giving and gift aid

This year for Amani we collected £9,644 from regular donations including for child sponsorship and the social fund (a decrease of £25 on 2024). In 2025 we had 24 regular monthly donors (an increase of one on 2024) and a further five annual donors. The child sponsorship scheme generated £5,550 (an increase of £308 on 2024).

By the end of 2025, FOAT had eight regular donors for the Care Ministry work in Shinyanga, giving a total of £4,504 for the year. This includes £1,326 for the education of two girls with albinism, one who attends Mwadui Anglican Primary School and the other the local Lutheran Secondary School. The first donation of college fees for a young man with albinism was made in 2024. A further donation is expected in 2026.

The Trustees have tried to ensure that regular givers and as many donors as possible, sign gift aid declarations to maximize the income to the Charity. In 2025 the Charity received a tax rebate of £4,625. This includes Gift Aid on donations made for Shinyanga projects. In addition, further Gift Aid was received via Just Giving amounting to £954.

4. Harnessing the goodwill of UK Amani volunteers

Several of the former Gap Year students and other young people who have undertaken voluntary work at the Amani Centre have gone on to retain links with Amani and to fundraise for the Charity.

We are fortunate to continue to be supported in our work by Catherine Swanson, who until December 2018 was resident in Morogoro and volunteered a day a month on Amani’s Home Visiting Outreach programme. Catherine was Safeguarding Officer for Africa Inland Mission International (AIM). She remained in East Africa (Kenya) until December 2025 when she returned to live in the UK. Her work with

AIM brings her to Morogoro from time to time; she visits Amani whenever viable. In her wider safeguarding role, she endeavors to connect Amani with wider networks, for example through the Child Safety and Protection Network (cspn.org). The CSPN holds annual Africa regional conferences to which Amani staff are invited.

5. Events and initiatives

Trustees are pleased to report fundraising initiatives they have organised and/or participated in during 2025.

Following the success of the ‘meals to your door’ initiative which Bridget and Leslie Green began in 2021, they repeated this in 2025 on a smaller scale and raised £223 for various projects at Amani and £100 for bikes for Shinyanga.
Trustee, Rachel Derry did a birthday fundraiser on Facebook which raised £126 for the charity.
For several years, Bridget and Leslie Green have coordinated a Gift Christmas Card initiative. In 2025 this raised £100.

A total of £4,362 was raised through the efforts of Barbara Bristow (FOAT Associate). Barbara travels to the Amani Centre every year for five weeks. This length of time allows her to get to understand the Centre and she is able to make onthe-ground decisions about spending. In 2025 the usual shopping trip took place, purchasing food to tide Amani over for two months until the harvest, as well as a twomonth supply of urgent medicines for the children. The funds enabled the purchase of two acres of arable land, which Amani wanted to develop, to grow sugar cane as a cash crop. It was also possible to do essential, urgent repairs to the tractor. Barbara was able to help renovate and reorganise the main admin office, including the purchase of a new computer. At the farm, Barbara was able to contribute to the Goat Project with the purchase of 10 goats. In between these purchases, there was an opportunity to spend smaller amounts of money, for instance, to support a student in his college studies and to repair and purchase physiotherapy equipment.

Funds received by the Charity through on-line shopping such as ‘Giveasyoulive’ raised £255. This is an increase of over £5 on 2024.

Projects and Funding for Amani

At Amani, local support has picked up since COVID-19 but FOAT still needed to focus on plugging the gap to provide staple items for survival and support the existing self-sustainable projects. Trustees would once again like to express their thanks to the Rotary Club of Reading for their assistance. FOAT is one of four charities that receive a monthly donation towards Amani’s food costs. The Club has donated a total of £866. This is a decrease of £64 on 2024.

1. Community-based rehabilitation work and economic sustainability projects at the Amani Centre.

A total of £28,320 was donated to Amani, a decrease of £3,786 on 2024. Of this, £25,180 was directed towards supporting the core mission of the Amani Centre.

FOAT donated £6,400 from the Child Sponsorship Scheme. There was an average of 35 children residing at Amani (Chamwino) who are part of this scheme. A total of 21 of these children have regular sponsors; some sponsors support more than one child. Sponsorship averages £20/month per child. This provides a source of regular income to support the children who reside at Amani’s main centre in Chamwino. All income from this is collated and used to purchase food, clothing and medicines for all children. All sponsors are encouraged to gift aid their donations. Trustee Rachel Derry, monitors the Child Sponsorship Scheme, communicates with the sponsors and takes the lead on seeking new sponsors. Rachel communicates frequently with Emmanuel Mlegu, Deputy Director of the Amani Centre, to obtain regular updates about the children.

Each year FOAT pays towards the costs of a community Christmas Party at the Amani Centre which not only raises awareness in the community of issues of disability and the work of the Centre but also serves as a way of thanking volunteers and local donors, for their generosity. In 2025, £500 was donated for the party, including small gifts for the children.

FOAT also supports a range of economic sustainability projects both agricultural and enterprise that involve members of the Amani staff developing their leadership capacities to provide sources of income that reduce dependency on overseas donors.

2. School/College fees for young people

The Amani Centre provides a home for able-bodied young people from some of the most rural areas in the surrounding district and pays for their education. In return, these young people assist in the care of the children with disabilities at Amani.

FOAT continues to seek supporters through its networks to assist with the education of young people at Amani.

Many of the families of children who attend Amani Mvomero Special School cannot afford the school fees. In 2021 a donation of £6,176 by the Park Family Trust was received to support the education of four students for the four years of their secondary education at Amani Mvomero School. The last payment of £2,000 was sent to Amani in June. FOAT is actively seeking sponsors for other pupils.

The future shape of Amani leadership includes the professional training of the nuns. In 2025, thanks to a generous donation from Chair of Trustees, FOAT was able to sponsor the first year for two of them to study for education diplomas. Once they have completed their studies, it is hoped they will join the staff of Amani Mvomero School.

3. Five-year Surgery Enablement Programme

We are delighted to report that once again the Park Family Trust supported the surgery enablement programme. The grant of £9,124 made in 2023 was to enable five children from Amani to receive vital surgery each year for four years, thereby facilitating their rehabilitation to their families and to the community at large and freeing up capacity for Amani to support more children with disabilities. Funds of £2,400 were sent in September 2025 and a further £620 was sent in December (as costs had increased) to enable the third cohort of five children to receive surgery at the CCBRT hospital in Dar es Salaam in November/December 2025 and early in 2026.

4. Economic Social Empowerment Projects (ESEPs) around Amani Chamwino

Following the death of Helena Green in 2017, her parents (Trustees Bridget and Leslie Green) set up a memorial fund to establish economic social empowerment projects in eight wards around Amani Chamwino. During their visit in 2025, Bridget and Leslie reviewed the ninth group, established in 2024 with funding from the John Pitman Trust. They were pleased to see the group was flourishing, making a variety of craft items – jewellery, mats and baskets – to sell.

Projects and Funding for Shinyanga in 2025

FOAT continues to support Care Ministry Projects in the Anglican Diocese of Shinyanga in particular those focussing on community development including families of the disabled. By the end of 2025, FOAT had a total of eight regular donors to Care Ministry in Shinyanga.

1. Projects

1.1. Education of two girls with albinism at Mwadui

The two girls with albinism who live with the local priest at Mwadui are continuing to have their education sponsored by a UK donor. Shija attends the local Lutheran Secondary School. Lucia continues at Mwadui Anglican Primary School. Both girls are benefitting from extra support given by the teachers.

1.2 Further education training for a young man with albinism

A young man with albinism was sponsored by a UK donor in 2023 to attend a fourmonth Computer Access Course. In November 2025 he began a diploma course in IT and Business Administration at the College of Business Education, Mwanza Campus. During the vacations, he stays at Ndala Mission and Evangelism Training Centre where he studies theology and assists children who attend the Compassion Centre, with IT skills.

1.3 Training

Since the start of the six-month Evangelism Training programme in 2023, there are now 74 trained evangelists working across the Diocese of Shinyanga. Bishop Johnson has initiated a two-year Mission and Evangelism training programme as a way of training future clergy. There are 15 students registered on this programme

which began in November 2024. Both programmes include modules on the care of people with disabilities in the community and developing self-support groups.

1.4 Care Ministry Support Groups

During their visit to the Diocese of Shinyanga in 2025, Bridget and Leslie witnessed the increasing number of churches being planted and initiation of Care Ministry Support Groups bringing together families of the disabled for mutual support and to initiate projects to support themselves. There are now a total of ten groups (an increase of four since 2024), at Solwa, Meatu, Mwadui, Maswa, Kitangili, Ndala, Igalamya Wapendaneo, Upendo Group (Kakola), Nzobogo and Salawe.

2. Developing support networks in the UK

In their roles as Bishop’s Commissaries and Lay Canons in the Diocese of Shinyanga, Bridget and Leslie have been working to develop links with churches and individuals in the UK to support Care Ministry in Shinyanga. Earley St Peter’s Church continues to support Care Ministry in the Diocese of Shinyanga (for three years 2025 – 2027).

Discussions have begun with Earley St Peter’s Primary School about support for Mwadui Anglican Primary School.

Bicycles are critical for the evangelists’ work. FOAT has so far secured funding for 30 bikes since the programme was initiated in 2023. Bishop Johnson has introduced a priority/incentive scheme – those who plant a church are in line to receive a bike. There are now five evangelists waiting, so FOAT continues to seek funds for more bicycles.

Future Plans for FOAT’s support for Amani

FOAT will:

continue to support Amani’s core mission of Community Based Rehabilitation for disabled children and young people through the work at Amani’s four centres at Chamwino, Mikese, Mvomero and Magubike including donating to the medical, social and travel fund. With the increasing number of children and families needing support from Amani as a result of the ecumenical

outreach and social empowerment projects, it is imperative that further funds are sought to support Amani’s core work. This will be done through funding bids to Charitable Trusts, in particular those with a focus on work amongst disadvantaged communities, and fundraising initiatives;

work with Amani to build on the ecumenical project through developing further partnerships with local churches in Morogoro and the UK;
keep the John Pitman Charitable Trust updated on the work of the Amani Centre with a view to requesting a further grant in 2026;
keep the Rotary Club of Reading updated on the work of Amani Centre;
build on the initiative to encourage supporters to register with ‘Give as you Live’ to raise funds via on-line shopping;
continue to encourage volunteers to visit and work on projects at the Amani Centre;
consolidate the work that has been undertaken both by FOAT Trustees and volunteers at the Amani Centre, to widen the reach of the Charity through developing the website and other forms of social media;
continue to direct support for a range of small-scale and sustainable projects that both improve the nutrition of those living at the Amani Centre and bring in much needed income;
continue to lobby local authorities and education institutions to expand links between schools, colleges and universities in the UK, China and Tanzania, to raise the profile of the educational and financial needs of the Tanzanian education and training system and to promote joint work and exchange visits.

Future Plans for FOAT’s support for Shinyanga

FOAT will:

continue to seek support from churches in the UK for care ministry projects;
seek support for Mwadui Anglican Primary School through partnership with Anglican schools in the UK
continue to look for regular donors for care ministry work;
seek sponsors for the education of individuals with special needs, in particular those with albinism;
keep Earley St Peter’s church and other supporters updated on care ministry projects.

Financial Review for the Year

The financial position of the Charity at the end of its 20[th] year of operation is

satisfactory when considering the economic situation worldwide. Grants have been received from John Pitman Charitable Trust, The Rotary Club of Reading, Earley St Peter’s Church and Souter Trust (for Shinyanga). Barbara Bristow continues to work closely with FOAT as an Associate.

Once again, the Trustees have been encouraged by the extent of charitable giving received from:

Trustees’ personal friends and family.
Local organisations known to the Trustees.
Church organisations.

Income for the year was £36,787.

Expenditure for the year was £39,814. This included:

Donations of £39,075, of which £28,320 was distributed to the Amani Centre and £10,755 to Shinyanga Care Ministry as summarised in the financial statement.

Operating expenses of £523 (1.3% of expenditure) which comprised bank

charges and FOAT Web fees.

Funds received in 2023, scheduled for payment in 2025, account for the variation of

income over expenditure.

Just Giving costs for 2024 and 2025 are yet to be paid but scheduled for payment in 2026.

There was a deficit of income over expenditure of 3,027 for the year. This compares with a deficit of £6,889 in 2024.

The Balance sheet at 31[st] December 2025 showed cash balances of £7,821 and net assets of £7,389.

A tax rebate of £1,880 was received in 2024 for funds donated between October

2024 and March 2025. A further rebate of £2,745 was received in October 2025 for the period April to September 2025.

Friends of Amani Tanzania Charity No: 1114281 Statement of Financial Activities for the year ended 31 December 2025

	2025	2024
	Unrestricted Restricted Total
INCOME	£ £ £	£
Regular Giving (incl. school fees)	2,234 600 2,834	2,867
Child Sponsorship Scheme	0 5,550 5,550	5,242
Card Sales	100 0 100	340
Charity Donation inc Amani Goats	2,960 2,920 5,880	6,767
Social Fund	0 1,260 1,260	1,560
Ecumenical project	0 0 0	652
Rotary Club of Reading(Food)	0 866 866	930
Shinyanga ACT inc Bike Appeal	0 9,012 9,012	4,667
Shinyanga Education inc Mwadui	0 1,475 1,475	3,022
Just Giving & Virgin Money	399 4,361 4,760	5,634
Giveasyoulive & Amazon Smile	255 0 255	326
Gift Aid receipts	1,404 3,221 4,625	4,731
Interest	170 0 170	348
TOTAL INCOME	7,522 29,265 36,787	37,086
EXPENDITURE
Sundry Expenses	679 0 679	798
Bank Charges	60 0 60	60
Donations Note 2	6,694 32,381 39,075	43,117
TOTAL EXPENSES	7,433 32,381 39,814	43,975
NET INCOME / (DEFICIT)	89 (3,116) (3,027)	(6,889)
Funds brought forward	296 10,120 10,416	17,305
TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD	385 7,004 7,389	10,416

Friends of Amani Tanzania Charity No: 1114281 Balance sheet as at 31 December 2025

	2025	2024
	£	£
ASSETS
Cash and bank balances	7,821	10,632

LESS
Creditors	432	216

TOTAL NET ASSETS	7,389	10,416

FUNDS

Unrestricted funds - general	385	297

Restricted Funds	7,004	10,119

TOTAL EQUITY	7,389	10,416

Friends of Amani Tanzania Charity No 1114281

Notes forming part of the Financial Statements

1 Accounting Policies

Income and expenditure is accounted for mainly on a receipts and payments basis with an accrual made for fundraising expenses, is expressed in £ sterling, the operating currency of the charity.

Figures are rounded to the nearest £.
(ii) Funds accounting

Unrestricted funds - these are funds which can be used in accordance with the charitable objects at the discretion of the trustees Restricted funds - these are funds that can only be used for particular restricted purposes within the objects of the charity. Restrictions arise when specified by the donor, or when funds are raised for particular restricted purposes.

2 Grants Paid in the year to 31 December 2025 Amani

Grants Paid in the year to 31 December 2025
Amani General Funds Includes CBR, Food and School fees Child Sponsorship Ecumenical and Sustainable Projects Education Projects Medical Fees Sub Total Shinyanga Care Ministry Bikes Education Projects Sub Total TOTAL	£ 11260 6,400 4,850 2,670 3,140
	28,320
	7,950 1,200 1,605
	10,755
	39,075

Approved by the Board of Trustees:

Ken Spours (Chairperson)

Date. 19 May 2026

Independent examiner’s report to the trustees of Friends of Amani Tanzania

I report on the accounts of the Trust for the year ended 31[st] December 2025, which are set out on pages 17 to 19.

Responsibilities and basis of report

I report to the trustees on my examination of the accounts of the above charity for the year ended 31[st] December 2025

As the charity’s trustees, you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Charities Act 2011 (“The Act”).

I report in respect of my examination of the charity’s accounts varied out under section 145 of the 2011 Act and in carrying out my examination, I have followed all the applicable Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the Act.

Independent examiner's statement

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no material matters have come to my attention with the examination which gives me cause to believe that in, any material respect:

the accounting records were not kept in accordance with section 130 of the Charities Act; or
the accounts did not accord with the accounting records; or
the accounts did not comply with the applicable requirements concerning the form and content of accounts set out in the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008

other than any requirement that the accounts give a ‘true and fair’ view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination.

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

Nigel Gowing BSc BFP FCA MBA

Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales 20 May 2026 118 Netherton Road, Abingdon, OX13 5LA