OpenCharities

This text was generated using OCR and may contain errors. Check the original PDF to see the document submitted to the regulator.

2020-08-31-accounts

Registered number 5247714 Charity number 1106723

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES

The Annual Report and Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 August 2020

1

Table of Contents

Reference and administrative Information about the charity ............................................ 3 Trustees/director’s annual report ........................................................................................ 4 Independent Examiner’s Report .......................................................................................... 8 Statement of Financial Activities ......................................................................................... 9 Balance Sheet ..................................................................................................................... 10 Notes to the Financial Statements .................................................................................... 11

2

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES TRUSTEES' ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

Reference and administrative Information about the charity

The trustees/directors present its annual report and independently examined financial statements for the year ended 31 August 2020.

Legal and Administration Details

Full name

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES

Also known as

FMUK

Company registered number 5247714

Registered charity number 1106723

Trustees/Directors

The Trustees/Directors during the year were as follows:

Bright Mude (Chairman) Benjamin Munyaneza Michael Machumi

Company Secretary

Michael Machumi

Principal Address

Sheffield Christian Centre, 131 Guildford Avenue, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S2 2PR.

Bankers

H S B C Bank, 17 Church Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S1 1HH.

Independent Examiner

Padmore Makumbe (ACMA), 83 Cairns Road, Beighton, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S20 1AN.

3

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES TRUSTEES' ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

Trustees/director’s annual report

The trustees confirm that the annual report and the financial statements of the charity comply with current statutory requirements, the requirements of the charity’s governing document and the provisions of the Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP) applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS102) (effective 1 January 2015).

The company qualifies as small under section 383. The Trustees Report has been prepared in accordance with the special provisions of section 419 (3) of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.

Objects and Activities of the Charity

The objects of the Charity are:

Structure and Governance

The churches meet in local congregations that have been given local autonomy whilst continuing to work closely together as a family of churches. The trustees set out on page 3 are the directors of the company for the purposes of charity law and under the company’s Articles of Association. New trustees undergo an induction process and are made aware of their duties and responsibilities as trustees.

Faith Ministries UK Churches is made up of two local churches at the moment in London and Sheffield, each of which is run by leadership teams. The local churches develop their own local expression and involvement in the community whilst retaining the overall vision, values and mission of the whole. The Trustees have legal responsibility for the activities of the Charity in accordance with Charity Law.

THE WORK OF THE CHARITY

“MOVING TO THE NEXT LEVEL”

The vision of FMUK is to reach people and turn them into fully devoted followers of Jesus Christ. The theme for our church this year was “Moving to the next level.” The preaching and type of projects and activities carried out were focused on addressing this one theme and equipping people to practice it in the real world where they live, work, and study.

As a ministry, our mission is making disciples that make disciples: We are passionate about making disciples that are fruitful and faithful. Sunday celebrations, Children’s Sunday School, youth ministry, small groups, and the pulpit ministry were all about Moving to the next level in four areas: Growing in our relationship with God to the next level | Taking our faith in God to the next level | Taking our commitment to God to the next level | Growing your fruitfulness in every area of our lives through God to the next level.

Achievements and Performance

This ministry year was distinctively different from all previous years because of the COVID-19 pandemic that affected the United Kingdom and the world as a whole. As a result of this, FMUK engaged less with the communities where our congregations are based physically and switched over to online service provision. FMUK was however able to reach a global audience through live streaming almost all our ministries and services.

4

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES TRUSTEES' ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

The V.I.P. Project for the less privileged in Sheffield held fortnightly, as well as the Gateway Coffee House ministry every week were functional for only four months of the year and then had to shut down for the rest of the period of the year in line with government protocols and guidelines for public health and safety.

Worship and Prayer

FMUK increased the range of worship services during the week and on weekends both in London, Sheffield and Manchester but this was all online with a few services conducted onsite in Sheffield. The community found these services both practically beneficial and enriching spiritually even though they were online. Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays (Sheffield) are normally the days for prayer and opportunity for people to spend time with God in solitude and in corporate prayer with other people. Sheffield also holds special guest services at Easter time, End of the year and on Christmas Eve.

Young People

Young Adults ministry was able to address the spiritual needs and concerns of young adults in the community this year and reach out to young people in the city of Sheffield through online platforms and social networks. The young people could not host the annual Youth Explosion Conference this year.

Conferences

Two annual Conferences were held in Sheffield Christian Centre, for the entire FMUK church family at Easter time and in July. Many have found these conferences refreshing in their spiritual walk with God and to renew their faith commitment. We welcomed several guests from the community and from other nations we work in. As a public benefit, our practice as a church is that people from our communities do not have to pay any entry fee as these Conferences are community-focused events for our community to benefit from and be exposed to the Christian faith. The Conference is funded mainly from voluntary donations. The women held their own Conference at King’s Park Conference Centre in Northampton attended by over 80 women.

Pastoral Care

As trustees, we took this period of national lockdown to carry out renovations at the Sheffield Christian Centre, a decision that was much appreciated by our congregation members and the community in general. The church has offered confidential counselling online to several individuals and families in different areas such as financial difficulties, parenting, schooling issues, health issues and marital relationships.

Relationships with other Churches

FMUK Churches is part of Salt and Light Ministries which is an International family of more than 1000 churches across the globe. At national level, FMUK is a member of the Evangelical Alliance of UK (EAUK). Locally, we are part of the church communities and local agencies.

Other churches in the city have access to our water baptism facilities. This service was of immense benefit to these faith communities that we relate and work with it. We have very good working relationships with other churches and with ministers from various denominational streams.

FMUK supported other ministries and missions globally in places like India and Zimbabwe.

Mission and Evangelism

FMUK continued its partnership with other charities that work with the marginalised sections of society such as ASSIST Sheffield that seeks to challenge destitution of asylum seekers. We offered practical and financial support at such a time when the asylum seekers were going through a tough season during the pandemic.

5

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES TRUSTEES' ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

Future Plans

The trustees are currently considering purchasing new equipment for live streaming and purchasing new chairs for the main Auditorium. The trustees and elders are also planning to invest in missional drives to grow the church and its influence in the community.

Financial review

Going Concern

The trustees have a reasonable expectation that the Charity has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

The Statement of Financial Activities for the period is set out on page 9 of the financial statements. Incoming resources for the year were £226,625 (2019: £208,055). Total expenditure on charitable activities together with governance costs amounted to £215,169 (2019: £194,894). Net surplus for the year was £ 11,455 (2019: £48,399 deficit) resulting in an unrestricted fund balance at the year-end of £65,884 (2019: £57,396).

Risk Assessment

Faith Ministries UK Churches has carried out risk assessment to identify potential financial risks that the organisation may face and steps have been taken to mitigate these risks. Organisational risk assessments are carried out in order to assess and manage major risks. These include financial, property, staff, trustees and major incidents.

Reserves Policy

The Trustees have a goal to set up a policy of retaining reserves sufficient for the foreseeable needs (about three to six months) of the church. Trustees The trustees consider enough reserves are held at the year-end and will set a formal reserves policy in the coming year. Free reserves at 31 August 2020 were £65,884 (2019: £57,396).

Volunteers

We would like to thank the 30 plus volunteers who work so diligently to make our church welcoming and vibrant community that is full of faith and love. In particular, we would like to thank our pastors, elders, leaders and ministry teams such as ushering, hospitality, administration, catering, counselling, media team, missional life communities and life transformation group leaders.

Public Benefit Reporting

The trustees of Faith Ministries UK Churches have given due regard to the public benefit guidance as issued by the Charity Commission as per regulation 40(2)(c)(ii) of the public benefit reporting requirements, when reviewing aims and objectives and in planning future activities of the church.

6

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES TRUSTEES' ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

Statement of Trustees’ responsibilities

The trustees (who are also directors of Faith Ministries UK Churches for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing The Trustees’ Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

Company law requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year, which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and of the incoming resources and application of resources, including the income and expenditure, of the charitable company for the year.

In preparing these financial statements, the trustees are required to:

The trustees are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charitable company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charitable company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

This report was approved by the Trustees on 23[th] May 2020 and signed on their behalf by:

Signed

Date: 31/05/2021

Name: Bright Mude Chairman Board of Trustees

By order of the Trustees/Directors

7

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES INDEPENDENT EXAMINER’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

Independent Examiner’s Report

I report on the accounts of the company for the year ended 31 August 2020, which are set out on pages 9 to 16.

Respective responsibilities of trustees and examiner

The trustees (who are also the directors of the company for the purposes of company law) are responsible for the preparation of the accounts. The trustees consider that an audit is not required for this year under section 43(2) of the Charities Act 1993 (the 1993 Act) and that an independent examination is needed. The charity’s gross income does not exceed £250,000 and I am qualified to undertake the examination by being a qualified member of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA).

Having satisfied myself that the charity is not subject to audit under company law and is eligible for independent examination, it is my responsibility to:

Basis of independent examiner’s report

My examination was carried out in accordance with the general Directions given by the Charity Commission. An examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the charity and a comparison of the accounts presented with those records. It also includes consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and seeking explanations from you as trustees concerning any such matters. The procedures undertaken do not provide all the evidence that would be required in an audit and consequently no opinion is given as to whether the accounts present a ‘true and fair view’ and the report is limited to those matters set out in the statement below.

Independent examiner’s statement

In connection with my examination, no matter has come to my attention:

(1) which gives me reasonable cause to believe that in any material respect the requirements:

(2) to which, in my opinion, attention should be drawn in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

Name: Padmore Makumbe (ACMA)

Address: 83 Cairns Road, Beighton, Sheffield, S20 1AN, South Yorkshire, England.

Date: 31 May 2021

8

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES INCORPORATING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

Statement of Financial Activities

Notes
Incoming resources:
Donations and legacies
2
Charitable activities
3
Other trading income

Investment income (bank Interest)

Total income
Resources expended:
Charitable activities
4
Raising funds
5
Total expenditure
Net movements in funds
Reconciliation of funds:
Total funds brought forward 01 Sep. 2019
Total funds carried forward 31 Aug. 2020
Unrestricted
Restricted
Total
Funds
Funds
2020
£
£
£
176,438
22,233
198,672
23,843
450
24,293
3,576
-
3,576
84
-
84
Total
2019
£

190,105
17,064
423
463
203,941
22,683
226,625
208,055
195,453
18,203
213,656
-
1,514
1,514
256,454
-
195,453
19,716
215,169
256,454
8,489
2,967
11,455
57,396
13,199
70,595
(48,399)
118,994
65,884
16,166
82,050
70,595

The above statements include all gains and losses recognised during the year.

All activities relate to continuing operations.

Comparative figures for the previous year by fund type are shown in Note 10 (a), (b) and (c).

The notes on pages 9 to 16 form an integral part of these financial statements.

9

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31[st] AUGUST 2020

Balance Sheet

note
Fixed assets
Leasehold Property
9
Tangible assets
Current assets
Stock
Debtors
7
Cash at bank and in hand

Creditors: Amounts falling due within 1 year
8
Net current assets
Creditors:falling due after more than 1 year
8
Net assets
Funds
10
Unrestricted funds
Restricted funds
Total funds
Unrestricted
Funds
Restricted
Funds
£
£
48,155
-
82
-
23,781
-
42,439
6,352
66,303
6,352
(8,759)
-
57,543
6,352
(30,000)
-
Total
2020
£
48,155
82
23,781
48,791
72,655
(8,759)
63,895
(30,000)

Total
2019
£
48,155
-
24,070
47,169
71,321
(8,882)
62,440
(40,000)
70,595

57,396
13,199
70,595
65,884
6,352
82,050
65,884
-
-
16,166
65,884
16,166
65,884
13,199
82,050

The trustees consider that the company is entitled to exemption from the requirements to have an audit under the provisions of section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 (“the Act”) and the members have not required the company to obtain an audit for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of the Act.

The trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial statements.

The financial statements were approved by the trustees on 31 May 2021 and signed on their behalf by:

B. Mude

Trustee

The notes on pages 11 to 16 form part of these financial statements.

10

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

Notes to the Financial Statements

1. Accounting policies

1.1 Accounting convention

The accounts have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2015) – (Charities SORP (FRS102)), and the Companies Act.2006.

Faith Ministries UK Churches meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction values unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy.

1.2 Reconciliation with previously Generally Accepted Accounting Practice

In preparing these accounts, the Trustees have considered whether in applying the accounting policies required by FRS 102 and the Charities SORP FRS 102 the restatement of comparative items are required.

No restatements were required.

1.3 Fund accounting

Funds held by the charity are either:

1.4 Income

All income is recognised once the company has entitlement to the income; it is probable that the income will be received and the amount of income receivable can be measured reliably.

Income tax recoverable in relation to investment income is recognised at the time the investment income is receivable.

1.5 Expenditure

Resources expended are recognised in the period in which they are incurred. It is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement and the amount of obligation can be measured reliably.

1.6 Going concern

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as the trustees believe that no material uncertainties exist. The trustees have considered the level of funds held and the expected level of income and expenditure for 12 months from authorising these financial statements. The budgeted income and expenditure is sufficient with the level of reserves for the charity to be able to continue as a going concern.

1.7 Tangible fixed assets and depreciation

A limit of £100 has been set for the capitalisation of assets. Consideration is given to the anticipated length of asset life in applying this rule.

A review for impairment of a fixed asset is carried out if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of any fixed asset may not be recoverable. Shortfalls between the carrying value of fixed assets and their recoverable amounts are recognised as impairments. Impairment losses are recognised in the Statement of financial activities incorporating income and expenditure account.

11

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

Tangible fixed assets are carried at cost, net of depreciation and any provision for impairment. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of fixed assets, less their estimated residual value, over their estimated useful lives on the following annual rates:

Fixtures and fittings - 5 years straight line Leasehold Land and buildings - 0% straight line

1.8 Interest receivable

Interest on funds held in deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the company; this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the Bank.

1.9 Operating leases

Rentals under the operating leases are charged to the Statement of Financial Activities on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

1.10 Debtors

Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount prepaid net of any trade discounts due.

1.11 Cash at Bank and in hand

Cash at bank and in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short-term maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.

1.12 Liabilities and provisions

Liabilities are recognised when there is an obligation at the Balance Sheet date as a result of a past event, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefit will be required in settlement, and the amount of the settlement can be estimated reliably. Liabilities are recognised at the amount that the company anticipates it will pay to settle the debt or the amount it has received as advance payments for the goods or services it must provide. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the amounts required to settle the obligation.

1.13 Taxation

The company is considered to pass the tests set out in Paragraph 1 Schedule 6 of the Finance Act 2010 and therefore it meets the definition of a charitable company for UK corporation tax purposes. Accordingly, the company is potentially exempt from taxation in respect of income or capital gains received within categories covered by Chapter 3 Part 11 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010 or Section 256 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992, to the extent that such income or gains are applied exclusively to charitable purposes.

2. Donations and legacies

Tithes and offerings to church
Missions and other funds
Gift aid
Total
Unrestricted
Funds
Restricted
Funds
Total
2020
Total
2019
£
£
£
£
143,639
10,398
154,037
130,904
2,730
11,836
14,566
21,576
30,069
-
30,069
37,624
176,438
22,233
198,672
190,105
12

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

3. Income from charitable activities

Training courses and conferences
Use of building and facilities
Building Fund
Total
Unrestricted
Funds
Restricted
Funds
Total
2020
Total
2019
£
£
£
£
4,173
-
4,173
15,711
770
450
1,220
1,353
18,900
-
18,900
-
23,843
450
24,293
17,064

4. Expenditure on charitable activities

Direct charitable costs
Note
Courses and conferences
Ministry support
House of Hope support
Pastoral ministry
Salaries
6
Church running expenses
Governance: legal and finance costs
Insurance
Depreciation
9
Bank charges
Phone, mobile phones, and IT
Postage, stationery, and promotion
Equipment
Rent
Independent examination
Catering
Loss on Investments
Centre expenses
Utilities: gas, electricity, and water
Renovations, repairs, and maintenance
Cleaning and janitorial
Council tax and health & safety
Total
Unrestricted
Funds
Restricted
Funds
Total
2020
£
£
£
1,860
0
1,860
45,977
11,286
57,263
6,248
5,265
11,513
5,921
0
5,921
100,563
0
100,563
1,272
0
1,272
5,373
0
5,373
0
0
0
77
0
77
9,188
0
9,188
767
767
70
1,652
1,722
6,277
0
6,277
0
0
0
2,307
0
2,307
0
0
0
6,357
0
6,357
1,121
0
1,121
719
0
719
1,356
0
1,356
Total
2019

£
18,919
37,702
10,363
7,991
102,682
1,346
2,550
0
74
6,355
1,511
5,058
13,933
0
0
33,715
4,702
6,811
770
1,973
195,453
18,203
213,656
256,454

13

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

5. Fundraising costs

taffing costs
Staffing costs were as follows;
Gross wages and salaries
Social security costs
Pension costs
Travel, subsistence and training
House of hope fundraising Christmas dinner
Total
Total
2020
Total
2019
££
82,098
89,339
10,141
5,155
8,324 8,188
100,563
102,682
Unrestricted
Funds
Restricted
Funds
Total
2020
Total
2019
£
£
£
£
-
1,514
1,514
0
-
1,514
1,514
0

6. Staffing costs

During this current financial year, no staff received remuneration of more than £60,000 (2019 - £ N I L). One trustee received a remuneration totalling £6,000 in this financial year (2019 – £626). There were no other transactions in respect of trustees, persons closely connected with them or other related parties which require disclosure.

No remuneration was paid to any trustee during the period nor to any person connected to them.

– The average number of staff during the year was 2.5 (2019 2).

7. Debtors and prepayments

Other debtors
Prepayments
reditors and accruals
Trade creditors (liabilities falling due within one year)
Funds Held in Trust
*Long-term creditors (liabilities falling due after more than one year)
Total
2020
Total
2019
£
£
23,781
24,070
0
0
23,781
28,236
Total
2020
Total
2019
£
£
3,216
3,738
5,543
5,143
8,759
8,882
30,000
40,000
38,759
48,882

8. Creditors and accruals

14

*This amount is part of a loan extended by Salt and Light Ministries UK to FMUK to facilitate the ministerial re-organisation of the London congregation to facilitate its growth and influence.

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

9. Tangible fixed assets

Cost
At the beginning of the year
Additions
Revaluations
Disposals
Transfers
At end of the year
Depreciation
At the beginning of the year
Charge for the year
Revaluations
Disposals
Transfers
At end of the year
Net Book Value at 31 Aug 2020
Net Book Value at 31 Aug 2019
Leasehold
land &
buildings
£
Other land
&
buildings
£
Plant,
machinery and
motor vehicles
£
Fixtures,
fittings and
equipment
£
Total
£
56,165 -
-

7,839
64,004
-
-

-

-

-
-
-

-

-

-
-
-

-

-

-
-
-

-

-

-
56,165 -
-

7,839
64,004
8,010 -
-

7,839
15,849
- -
-

-

-
-
-

-

-

-
-
-

-

-

-
-
-

-

-

-
8,010 -
-

7,839
15,849
48,155 -
-

-

48,155
48,155 -
-

-

48,155

10. Funds

a. Restricted funds

The restricted funds represent amounts received for specific purposes and the movements in the period are as follows:

House of hope fundraising
dinner
Car park project (for youth)
Bishop Mission Fund
African Children's Choir
Manchester Church Planting
VLC Church Plant
Christmas Ball
Total
Opening
Bal. as at
31.8.19
Incoming
Resources
Outgoing
Resources
Transfers
Closing
Bal. as at
31.8.20
£
£
£
£
£
(2,410)
994
(5,265)
-
(6,682)
12
450
-
-
462
2,709
6,622
(400)
-
8,931
1,829
-
-
-
1,829
1,245
10,478
(10,886)
-
837
-
2,340
(1,652)
-
688
-
1,800
(1,514)
-
286
3,385
22,683
(19,716)
0
6,352

15

The following funds have been created/maintained due to income grant monies that have been provided to Faith Ministries UK Churches for a specific purpose:

16

FAITH MINISTRIES UK CHURCHES NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31[st] AUGUST 2020

General fund
Total
Opening Bal.
as at 31.8.19
Incoming
Resources
Outgoing
Resources
Transfers
£
£
£
£
57,396
203,941
(195,453)
-
Closing
Bal. as
at
31.8.20

£
65,884
57,396
203,941
(195,453)
0
65,884
Restricted funds
General funds
Total
Fixed
assets
Bank &
cash
balances
Other
net
assets
£
£
£
6,352
9,814
48,155
42,439
(24,710)
Total
£
16,166
65,884
82,050
48,155
48,791
(14,896)

11. Benefits in Kind

Faith Ministries UK Churches receives volunteers' time free of charge. This item has not been given a monetary value.

17

LE￿ BLANK 18