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2020-12-31-accounts

Company No. 03597005 (England & Wales) Charity No. 1076690 (England & Wales)

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION LIMITED (A company limited by gurantee)

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION Contents

page
Reference and administrative details of the charity, its trustees and advisers 2
Trustees' report 3-17
Independent auditor's report 18-20
Consolidated statement of financial activities 21
Consolidated balance sheet 22
Association balance sheet 22
Consolidated statement cash flows 23
Notes to the financial statements 24-45

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INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Reference and administrative details of the Association, its trustees and advisers For the year ended 31 December 2020

Trustees

Thomas Mollenkopf (President, Chair) Dr Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy (Executive Director) Dr Enrique Cabrera Rochera (Senior Vice President) Dr Hamanth Kasan (Vice President) Dr Marie-Pierre Whaley (Treasurer) Dr Asma Elkasmi Daniel Nolasco (retired on 24th April 2021)

Diane D’Arras

Helle-Kathrine Andersen (retired on 24th April 2021) Dr Joan Rose (retired on 24th April 2021) Dr María Molinos-Senante (appointed on 24th April 2021) Dr Peter VanRolleghem (Appointed on 24th April 2021) Dr Rose Kaggwa (Appointed on 24th April 2021) Dr Sudhir Murthy (Senior Vice President) (retired on 24th April 2021)

Teodor Popa Virgillo Rivera Walter Kling (Appointed on 24th April 2021) Dr Xiaochang Wang (Appointed on 24th April 2021) Dr Yoshihiko Matsui

Company registered number

03597005 (England & Wales)

Charity registered number

1076690 (England & Wales)

Registered Office

Export Building, First Floor, 1 Clove Crescent, London E14 2BA

Company Secretary

Mr Satkunam Murugathas

Executive Director

Dr Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy

Independent auditor

Buzzacott LLP, 130 Wood Street, London, EC2V 6DL

Principal Bankers

HSBC Bank Plc, London SW1H 0NJ

Solicitors

Bircham Dyson Bell, 50 Broadway, London SW1H 0BL

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INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Trustees’ Report

For the year ended 31 December 2020

The IWA Trustees (who are also Directors of the charity for the purposes of the Companies Act) present their annual report together with the audited consolidated financial statements of International Water Association (the 'Association' or 'IWA') for the year ended 31 December 2020.

The Trustees confirm that the annual report and financial statements of the Association and the group comply with:

1. OBJECTIVES AND GENERAL ACTIVITIES

Objectives of the Association

These are to:

Strategies for achieving objectives

The Association fulfils its objectives by:

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Activities for achieving objectives

The IWA continues to develop as the global reference point for water professionals working on all aspects of the water cycle. The IWA helps water professionals deliver innovative, pragmatic, and sustainable solutions to challenging global needs for safe water and sanitation, within urban areas and river basins.

The IWA is a unique global knowledge hub for water professionals and anyone concerned about the future of water. As such, the IWA continues to inspire change towards our common vision of a waterwise world.

Through the Association, members collaborate to lead the development of effective and sustainable approaches to water management, with emphasis on the science and management of drinking water, wastewater, storm water, and the conservation of water resources throughout the world.

In 2020, the Association responded to the pandemic by establishing a Covid-19 Taskforce to provide the international water sector with state-of-the-art science (as it becomes available) on the attributions of this virus and any measures needed to protect both workers and public health. In this regard the Association and its members worked in cooperation with similar international efforts.

More genrally, the Association continues to maintain close working relationships with all of the major international water agencies and associations, and partners with these bodies on joint projects, publications and representation of positions in international forums.

The Association has a strong and developing outreach programme concerned with the transfer of knowledge and skill in water management from professionals across all countries. The outreach programme maintains a strong focus on environmental health, hygiene, and sanitation issues in lower income countries.

Main charitable activities for the public benefit

The Trustees confirm that they have complied with the duty in Section 17 of the Charities Act 2011 and have taken due regard of the Charity Commission's general guidance on public benefit.

This is achieved by the generation and dissemination of knowledge and best practice on all facets of the water cycle. This occurs formally at conferences, facilitated exchanges through the specialist groups, task forces, and other member networks (such as the Young Water Professionals, and Women in Water) and through the journals, books and other publications produced by the Association.

The Association also engages in international education and outreach programmes to build public awareness and involvement in protecting water resources around the world by engaging citizens to conduct basic monitoring of their local water bodies.

Covid-19 activity and the public benefit

In response to the widening public concern around the Covid-19 pandemic, the Association developed a resources page on its website and delivered a series of Covid-19 related webinars and online dialogues. The resource page involved collating state-of-the-art information from around the world and sharing and linking this information with other similar international efforts.

In early 2020, the Association also established the IWA Covid-19 Task Force from its membership.The Task Force connects with IWA’s Specialist Group networks, bringing together representatives from the most relevant ones. The Task Force met online at least every fortnight from mid-April to mid-September and monthly thereafter during 2020.

The Task Force authored a paper, ‘Role of wastewater treatment in Covid-19 control’, which was published in the Water Quality Research Journal . This presented a review of the research on Covid-19

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Covid-19 activity and the public benefit (Continued)

and other viruses in relation to wastewater process control and risk mitigation, and covered available techniques for wastewater process engineers to reduce health risks in this area.

To support utilities facing challenges from the pandemic, and to help the process of incorporating lessons learned, the Task Force prepared and disseminated core guidelines of a pandemic management plan.

The Task Force also held a series of webinars on Covid-19, which were free to attend, and attracted registrants from across the world.

The Task Force also interacted with organisations such as the World Health Organization, the US EPA (Enviornmental Protection Agency), the Water Research Foundation, and the Global Water Research Coalition.

2. GROUP STRATEGIC OVERVIEW

General assessment

Despite the challenges relating to Covid-19, 2020 was a relatively strong year for IWA from a purely financial perspective. This financial position came about despite the postponement of the World Water Congress & Exhibition, which is traditionally a major source of income, due to the global pandemic.

The Association continued to advance its core mission, visible through our diverse activities and a strong membership base that was broadly steady numerically. IWA’s strong foundations have arisen due to our financial prudence, along with the commitment of our people – i.e. the Board, staff, members, and partners. They enabled much of IWA’s 2020 programme to continue, despite the unprecedented global situation.

Covid-19 has brought challenges, particularly given our traditional high number of events. However, mitigation measures were swiftly taken to move our traditional in-person events to being hosted online. Adapting to the new normal of online meetings, workshops, and conferences, we developed a programme that drew in quality speakers and exceptional participation.

So, despite the challenges, IWA remained able to press ahead with the objectives of the 2019-2024 strategic plan. This included producing a substantive range of high-quality outputs, such as publications, reports, and blogs, as well as providing knowledge sharing and networking opportunities for members.

We have also seen a positive response from members, who have been ever eager to commit their time to the Association. With 2020 having marked the 20th anniversary under the IWA identity, this level of engagement demonstrates the compelling draw of our vision to creating a water-wise world. Furthermore, the essential role of our sector has been further underlined by the Covid-19 pandemic.

The resilience shown by IWA in such challenging circumstances has provided reassurances that the organisation is sustainable, adaptable, and has strong roots within the global water community.

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Key financial performance indicators

The consolidated financial statements, as presented, comply with the legal requirements of both the Charity Commission and the Companies Act.

Income from charitable activities was £1,153,663 (2019: £1,669,068). Being a non-congress year with fewer events held, our charitable income in 2020 was lower than in 2019. Other income, including income from trading activities, investments, and other sources, was £5,023,308 (2019: £5,015,905) giving total income for the year of £6,176,971 (2019: £6,684,973).

After making provision for tax payable in relation to the operation in Nanjing, China of £13,023 (2019: £4,104), gains on investments of £40,826 (2019 loss: £129,571) and an actuarial loss on the pension scheme of £40,341 (2019: gain of £123,000), the net increase in group funds was £432,030 (2019 increase of: £710,593) providing closing group funds as of 31 December 2020 of £2,604,073 (2019: £2,172,043).

We have sustained our commitment to deliver on the IWA 2019-2024 Strategic Plan. Under the plan, we will achieve for our members a stronger culture of service and a unique value proposition through:

We are poised to make greater progress with the plan, having completed the relocation of our London headquarters to modern facilities. This move allowed us to manage the uncertainties around Brexit by transferring the functions of our operations in the Netherlands to the new office, co-locating them with our publishing arm to provide opportunities for greater synergy.

3. ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE

Programmes

IWA has made further important progress with numerous initiatives that aim to shape the global water agenda. These are broadly focused on cities and on water and wastewater utilities.

Within the Cities of the Future Programme, the Principles for Water Wise Cities project has received endorsement from more than 35 cities, utilities, and regulators. The Principles are complemented by the Action Agenda for Basin-Connected Cities, which is being promoted through partners such as the Alliance for Water Stewardship.

To complement the Cities of the Future Programme, IWA established the Climate Smart Utilities initiative in 2020, to support water and wastewater utilities in improving their climate resiliency, while contributing to a significant and sustainable reduction in carbon emissions.

IWA also recently launched a new initiative on Regulating for Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS). This initiative aims at identifying the needs, opportunities, and tools for action to support and inspire regulators in their contribution to achieving citywide inclusive sanitation in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. As part of this initiative, IWA launched a Task Force to examine existing experiences, opportunities, and challenges, as well as an Advisory Board to ensure that the initiative’s efforts synergise with the activity of our partners.

The Digital Water Programme is designed to help water utilities transition to the next generation of smart water systems and fulfil the need for improved resiliency to managing water resources sustainably.

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Programmes (continued)

Activities under the Digital Water Programme in 2020 included the release of white papers on topics including ‘improving public health through smart sanitation’, as well as webinars, podcasts and blogs.

IWA is also a partner in the EU Horizon 2020 project PrimeWater, which runs until 2022. This is a Horizon 2020 funded research project, which generates information on the effects of upstream changes on future water quality and quantity.

In July 2020, a task force was established to steer the development of guidelines for water service delivery plans for small water utilities in Africa. This guide is being developed as part of REACH, a global research programme to improve water security for those in poverty, of which IWA is a partner.

There was further progress with the AquaRating approach that can drive innovation in water utilities. In the past 12 months, IWA has been working with utilities in Zambia and Mongolia.

Events

As noted, the Covid-19 pandemic prompted significant adjustments to IWA’s 2020 events programme. Wherever possible, events were either switched to virtual formats or postponed. The IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition has been moved to 11 – 15 September 2022, while the IWA Digital Water Summit and the IWA Leading Edge Technologies Conference were also postponed.

As well as webinars, panel events, and online forums, two significant virtual specialist group conferences were also held – the Nutrient Resource Recovery conference, and the Water Loss conference.

The Source magazine

The Source is IWA’s quarterly magazine, delivered both in print and online. It is available to all IWA members as a benefit of membership.

The magazine’s content reflects IWA’s goal of inspiring a world in which water is wisely managed, offering features, viewpoints, and updates to help readers keep up to speed with the issues that shape the sector, and leading responses to these topics.

Recent topics covered in detail in 2020 include: options for creating climate smart utilities, the water sector’s response to Covid-19, and opportunities for financing future needs.

IWA Publishing (IWAP)

Over the past year, IWAP journals accepted more than 1,900 articles – the highest total ever – and received more than 2.5 million downloads.

A collection of virus-related water articles was developed, as well as a Spanish language Covid-19 operator’s manual. Many journals, including Journal of Water & Health and Journal of Water, and Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, published special papers addressing key aspects of the pandemic.

Hydrology Research celebrated its 50th anniversary by becoming completely Open Access. All articles in the journal are now free to read by everyone around the world. As a result, downloads of articles increased by 195% during 2020, while article acceptances grew by a healthy 27%.

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IWA Publishing (IWAP)

A new agreement was signed with EiFL (Electronic Information for Librarians) which further extended accessibility to Open Access publication around the world. This enabled authors in countries including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, and North Macedonia to publish OA in our journals without paying fees, as well as 50 other countries due to the partnership with Research4Life. In 2020, 82 articles were freely published Open Access by authors in low and middle income countries. Overall, almost a quarter of all articles published in IWA Publishing journals in 2020 were Open Access. In addition, 15 books were made Open Access.

Young Water Professionals (YWP)

Over the past 12 months, IWA continued to develop its value proposition for IWA YWP members, offering open activities as well as member-only engagement and services. With the onset of the Covid19 pandemic, activities focused on YWPs have featured prominently in IWA’s expanded online engagement.

Member-only online engagement for YWPs covered a wide range of professional development and thematic topics, including women in the water sector, the role of volunteering in career development, and the SDGs.

Representing IWA’s Young Water Professionals are the Emerging Water Leader’s (EWL) Steering Committee. Elections for the 2020-2022 EWL Steering Committee took place in October 2020 and they formally took office in November 2020.

IWA Awards

IWA has a range of awards categories, including the Global Water Award, Women in Water Award, Project Innovation Award, the Professional Development Award, the Water & Development Award, the Young Leadership Award, and the IWA/ISME BioCluster Award.

The IWA/ISME BioCluster awarded the Grand Prize Award 2020 and the Rising Star Award 2020 to two outstanding individuals, in recognition of their achievements in interdisciplinary research at the interface of microbial ecology and water / wastewater treatment.

In addition, the latest winner of the IWA Young Leadership Award was selected. The award is presented every two years to an exceptional water professional, who has demonstrated significant achievements in their career. Renowned scientist and engineer Dr. Siddhartha Roy was chosen as the award winner.

4. FINANCIAL REVIEW

Commentary on the group's financial results for the year are provided under the section on 'key financial performance indicators' on page 6 above.

Investment policy and performance

Preservation of capital is the primary objective in guiding the risk profile of the Association’s investment policy. After satisfying the primary objective, the secondary objective is to maximize the return on the investment in accordance with the ethical investment policy. The investment position has been considered from both a Euro and Sterling currency perspective.

The group's investments totalled £1,221,552 as of 31 December 2020 (2019: £1,167,866). The valuation shows a realised investment loss of £4,193 (2018: gain of £1,444) and unrealised investment gain of £45,019 (2019: £128,127). The Trustees are satisfied with the performance in 2020 and will continue to regularly monitor future performance, particularly given the risk of increased market volatility in the midst on a global pandemic.

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Assessment of going concern

After making appropriate enquiries, the Trustees have a reasonable expectation that the Association has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. In making this assessment, the Trustees have taken account of the reserves position as of 31 December 2020 (see below) and the financial forecasts and projections for a period not less than one year from the date of approval of this report and financial statements.

During the period from 31 December 2020 to the date that the financial statements were approved, the Covid-19 outbreak has continued to cause extensive disruptions to businesses as well as economic activities globally, with the UK being no exception.

Following the advice issued by the UK Government regarding employees working from home and other social distancing measures, procedures were implemented to facilitate this as far as possible, with a detailed plan effectively enabling normal operations whilst employees are not physically present in the charity’s offices.

However, it has not been possible to maintain the events programme during this period due to countryspecific restrictions and global travel constraints. The Trustees recognise that the Covid-19 experience may have longer term impacts in relation to the willingness of people to attend international conferences and in response have been actively investigating other potential models to deliver successful events.

In addition, we are also anticipating a possible reduction in publishing income due to tightening budgets at universities, resulting in reduced institutional subscriptions from libraries. The Trustees are monitoring this situation carefully and at the same time developing and analysing potential mitigation and adaptation responses.

Our current reserves levels are strong, and this coupled with good financial management and discipline, means that our medium-term outlook is secure. We do not currently anticipate that the overall financial position of the group will be adversely affected, or its financial solvency threatened.

The Trustees believe there are no material uncertainties in respect to the group’s financial position which may severely curtail its work and/or threaten its ability to operate as a going concern. The Trustees therefore continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. Further details regarding the adoption of the going concern basis can be found in the accounting policies accompanying the financial statements.

Reserves policy

IWA’s reserves policy seeks to balance spending the maximum amount of its income to meet its charitable objectives, while maintaining an adequate level of reserves to ensure uninterrupted operation and provide time to adjust to changes in financial circumstances. Based on the prudent assessment of the financial impact of risk events on reserves, the trustees have estimated a target level of free reserves of £1.2M +/- £100k.

Business plans are set with the aim of maintaining reserves within the target range. The reserves may move outside of the target range because of factors such as operational issues, short-term investment requirements, and economic changes. If this were the case, management would adjust business activities over the medium term with the aim of restoring reserves to within the target range.

The group free reserves as of 31 December 2020 are at the level of £1,684,491 (compared with 2019: £1,738,628). This is above the intended target level and so should enable the Association to better handle the financial impacts of Covid-19, in particular the postponement of the World Water Congress..

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Principal funding

Principal funding sources for the charity are membership, conferences (albeit temporarily curtatiled due to the pandemic), Gift Aid Income from its wholly owned subsidiary IWA Publishing Limited, and grant and contract income from various organisations. The group does not work with any commercial or professional fundraisers and does not solicit donations from the general public

5. RISK MANAGEMENT

The Trustees have assessed the major risks to which the group is exposed, in particular, those related to the operations and finances of the Association. They are satisfied that systems and procedures are in place to mitigate our exposure to the major risks.

The Board recognises the importance of identifying and managing the risks of the Association and its subsidiaries. A risk management framework, which includes a risk and control register, identifying and prioritising the Association's key risks, is maintained. The register includes a programme of control measures and actions to manage material risks. The risk register is reviewed and updated quarterly by the management. A risk report is presented to the Finance and Investment Committee at the following meeting to discuss the basis for any movements in the risk register, any “emerging risks”, and to confirm the summary which will be presented at the next board meeting. Once per year the Board is informed on the status of the risk register and the related mitigation measures.

Key internal risks for the Association include:

Key external risks to the Association include:

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Key external risks to the Association (continued)

Financial risk management objectives and policies

The management team reviews, on behalf of the Board, matters concerning accounting, financial reporting, and internal controls, including the risk register. It also reviews the management accounts and the annual report and financial statements before they are submitted to the Board of Trustees and deals directly with the external auditor regarding the conduct of the audit.

6. STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE, AND MANAGEMENT

Constitution

The Association is constituted under a Memorandum of Association dated 13 July 1998 and is a registered charity (number 1076690).

A revision to the articles of association of the IWA, introducing provisions to authorise virtual general meetings, was adopted at the annual general meeting on 23 September 2020.

Liability of the members is limited by guarantee and the Association does not have share capital. Members of the Association guarantee to contribute an amount not exceeding £1 in the event of a deficiency of assets on winding up. The total number of such guarantees at 31 December 2020 was 14 (2019 - 14).

Method of appointment or election of Trustees

The management of the Association is the responsibility of the Trustees who are elected and appointed under the terms of the Articles of Association. As noted earlier, the Trustees also constitute the Board of Directors for the purposes of the Companies Act.

A special resolution was approved at the annual general meeting on 23 September 2020, advocating that the terms of office of Directors presently serving on the Board of Directors, and those of the President and Vice President, be extended until 31 May 2021.

Policies adopted for the induction and training of Trustees

The Board of Directors has adopted a programme of trustee training which covers existing and new Board members. New Trustees attend an induction programme and a formal training session covering governance and trustees' legal responsibilities. New Trustees are provided with an induction pack that covers their general duties as well as a briefing on IWA specific matters such as Strategic and Business Plans, financial reports, governance documents, and other relevant reports.

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Organisational structure and decision-making

The Board, as Trustees and Directors, are responsible for the management of the affairs of the Association. It sets the strategic direction of the Association, appoints the Executive Director (also a Trustee), provides financial, and programme oversight to the Association. The Board generally meets at least four times each year.

After March 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic prevented in-person meetings of the Board. The Board adopted a practice of more frequent (monthly), but shorter meetings (2 hours), to discharge its governance and strategic responsibilities. Despite the challenge of a revised approach to meetings, the Board not only made themselves available, but also made key and composed contributions to decisionmaking which helped enable a resilient and decisive response to the pandemic, as well as effective forward planning.

In addition, the 2020 AGM and Governing Assembly was called in accordance with the IWA’s articles of association, but for health and safety reasons all attendance was held remotely by electronic means, in accordance with Schedule 14 of the Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020, which provides flexibility for the holding of virtual AGMs during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The Board of Directors

The names of the individuals serving on the Board, at any time during the year of report and up to the date of approval of this report, are as follows:

Thomas Mollenkopf (President, Chair)

Dr Asma Elkasmi

Daniel Nolasco (retired on 24th April 2021)

Diane D’Arras

Dr Enrique Cabrera Rochera (Senior Vice President)

Dr Hamanth Kasan (Vice President)

Helle-Kathrine Andersen (retired on 24th April 2021)

Dr Joan Rose (retired on 24th April 2021)

Dr Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy (Executive Director)

Dr María Molinos-Senante (appointed on 24th April 2021)

Dr Marie-Pierre Whaley (Treasurer)

Dr Peter VanRolleghem (Appointed on 24th April 2021)

Dr Rose Kaggwa (Appointed on 24th April 2021)

Dr Sudhir Murthy (Senior Vice President) (retired on 24th April 2021)

Teodor Popa Virgillo Rivera Walter Kling (Appointed on 24th April 2021)

Dr Xiaochang Wang (Appointed on 24th April 2021)

Dr Yoshihiko Matsui

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The Board of Directors (continued)

The Board comprises the elected officers and other officeholders. Under the Articles of Association, all board members (except the Executive Director) serve two-year terms. The elected officers (President and two Vice Presidents) generally serve for a single term of two years, but may be re-elected to serve a second term. The other office holders will usually serve two terms on the Board, aside from the Immediate Past President who is limited to a single term.

The 2020 Annual General Meeting would ordinarily be the moment to transition from one Board to the next, and to hold elections for the roles of Vice President - both activities typically benefit from the opportunity for face-to-face meetings. With the 2020 Congress deferred, there was no chance for a face-to-face meeting with the Governing Members and so a ‘virtual’ General Meeting was held in accordance with Schedule 14 of the Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020. At this meeting it was resolved by special resolution, to extend the terms office for the Board until 31 May 2021.

The Board nominations process is overseen by the Governance and Nominations Committee and, to the extent possible, a practice of rolling retirements is adopted to maintain continuity on the Board.

By accepting to serve on the Association’s Board, Trustees commit to conduct themselves in accordance with the highest ethical standards in carrying out their responsibilities. The Board has therefore adopted an internal Code of Conduct, which provides ethical standards and criteria. All Board members are required to adhere to the Code in the performance of their responsibilities to the Board.

Governing Assembly

The Governing Assembly is comprised of the representatives of the Governing Members around the world, each of whom is entitled to appoint three representatives to the assembly.

The Governing Assembly meets at least annually and is responsible for electing the Officers of the Association and appointing other Office holders and approving constitutional changes. As mentioned above, the 2020 AGM and Governing Assembly was held remotely by electronic means, in accordance with Schedule 14 of the Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020.

It ensures that the interests of members – including Individual, Corporate and Governing Members – are represented and provides oversight and input into the Association’s overall direction. The Governing Members of IWA represent the core mechanism for national and regional interaction with members across a range of issues.

Key Committees and Strategic Council

The Association has established a number of key Committees and a Strategic Council, each of which plays a specific role in the Association’s governance or activities. Further details on the Strategic Council and of the various Board Committees is provided below.

Finance and Investment Committee

Dr Marie-Pierre Whaley (Treasurer) chairs the Finance and Investment Committee. Other members of the committee are Mr Tom Mollenkopf and Mr Richard Hoult. Mrs Diane D’Arras (President) and Dr Kala Vairavamoorthy (Executive Director) are ex officio members. It reviews, on behalf of the Board, matters concerning accounting, financial reporting and internal controls, including the Risk Register. It also reviews the management accounts and the annual report and financial statements before they are submitted to the Board of Trustees and deals directly with the external auditor regarding the conduct of the audit. It also, on behalf of the Board, sets the Investment Manager's mandate and monitors performance on a quarterly basis.

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The Governance and Nomination Committee

Mr Tom Mollenkopf chairs the Governance and Nomination Committee. Other members of the committee are Professor Hamanth Kasan, Dr Joan Rose, Professor Yoshihiko Matsui, Mr Magnus Arnell, and Mr Doru Popa. Mrs Diane D’Arras (President) and Dr Kala Vairavamoorthy (Executive Director) are ex officio members. The Committee advises the Board on corporate governance matters for the Association, including its subsidiaries, committees, and other Association entities; assists the President or the Board to ensure that appropriate individuals are selected for various Association entities; and defines and revises the processes for choosing the nominees and winners of the different awards of the Association.

The Membership and Engagement Committee

Mr Sudhir Murthy (Senior Vice President) chaired the Membership and Engagement Committee. Other members of the committee are Mr Daniel Nolasco, Dr Marie-Pierre Whaley, Professor Enrique Cabrera, Mr Perry Rivera, Dr Asma El Kasmi, Professor Dr. Xiaochang Wang and Mrs Helle Katrine Andersen. Mrs Diane D’Arras (President) and Dr Kala Vairavamoorthy (Executive Director) are ex officio members. The Committee provides necessary policy oversight concerning the Association members, their expectations, and their participation, follows the effectiveness of the recruitment process, discusses new schemes of membership, discusses the communications policy towards different segments of members, and the schemes of honours and awards.

Strategic Council

The Strategic Council plays two key roles within the Association. It provides strategic input to the Association’s Board of Trustees and Governing Assembly. In addition, it provides guidance and assistance to the Association in the development of new activities and in the coordination of key existing activities.

Key management personnel

The IWA Management Team, led by the Executive Director Dr Kala Vairavamoorthy, comprises several Regional and HQ based Directors: Mr Varghese Babu (Director of IT & Digital Transformation), Dr Hong Li (Director, Asia and Oceania), Dr Tao Li (Director, Water Intelligence), Mr Kizito Masinde (Director of Events), Mr Mike Morgan-Giles (Director of Marketing and Communications), Mr Satkunam Murugathas (Finance Director), and Mr Keith Robertson (Chief Operating Officer).

The Trustees consider that they, together with the IWA Management Team, comprise the Association's key management personnel, in charge of directing and controlling the charity.

Except for the Executive Director, none of the Trustees are remunerated for their services to the charity. The Executive Director is remunerated (as permitted under clause 4 of the charity's memorandum of association) for his role as Executive Director. The Executive Director's remuneration is set by the nonexecutive members of the Board based on benchmarking of similar international roles in the charity or NGO sector and having regard to prevailing market rates.

The remuneration of the members of the IWA Management Team is determined in line with those of other personnel within the group. Pay is determined by the Executive Director based on industry benchmarking of similar international roles in the Charity or NGO sector.

Further information on IWA’s governance can be found at: https://iwa-network.org/about-us/

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IWA Publishing Limited

The Association has a wholly owned subsidiary, IWA Publishing Limited (IWAP), the principal business of which is the provision of publishing and information products and services to the international water supply and wastewater market. This includes the production and distribution of various publications of the Association. Profits are transferred to the Association by way of Gift Aid. The financial results and year end position of the subsidiary have been incorporated in the consolidated financial statements accompanying this report.

Other related companies

In China:

In India:

IWA also owns the following companies in full, which have remained dormant since incorporation:

IWA also created an NGO in Kenya, called IWA Africa, and it has remained dormant since its creation.

7. FUTURE PLANNING

IWA’s 2019-2024 Strategic Plan has been in operation since its adoption at the Governing Assembly at the 2018 IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition in Tokyo. We are actively progressing implementation of the plan further, by working with our members, strengthening our Association’s membership value, providing insights into trends for the sector and beyond, being a platform for members to exchange knowledge and accelerate the diffusion of innovation, and from collaborating to address the SDG challenges.

Importantly, the IWA Strategic Plan refers to diversity. Behind this is a strong board-level commitment to champion diversity throughout the organisation. We will work across the Association’s many structures, rotating roles to extend this diversity, and monitoring our progress.

We will also work to make our published material more easily accessible online and available in different languages, so as to enhance our contribution to resolving water challenges around the world.

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Five-year goals

The Strategic Plan is based on the following five commitments for the IWA to achieve over the coming five years:

1. An engaged and balanced membership - The IWA will have an engaged membership that is globally representative of the multiple segments, actors, and practice areas of the water sector.

2. A source for leading-edge water knowledge - The IWA will have strengthened our position as an authoritative source and a global reference point for water knowledge, addressing and informing on emerging and potentially disruptive trends within the sector and wider world.

3. A space for professionals to exchange water knowledge - The IWA will have provided a broad range of professional content and programming that is relevant and widely valued by the water sector worldwide.

4. A bridge between research and practice - The IWA will play a pivotal role in bridging the chasm between research and practice to accelerate the development and diffusion of innovation in the global water sector.

5. A support to the implementation of SDGs - The IWA will support and promote the Sustainable Development Goals and strengthen the sector through professional and capacity development so that people and countries can pursue their ambitions in relation to water related SDGs.

8. TRUSTEES’ REPONSIBILITIES STATEMENT

The Trustees (who are also Directors of International Water Association for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the Trustees' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

Company law requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charity and the group and of income and expenditure of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Trustees are required to:

The Trustees are responsible for keeping accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charity and the group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006, the Charities Act 2011, and regulations made thereunder. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The Trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the group's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

16

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Trustees’ Report

For the year ended 31 December 2020

Disclosure of information to auditor

In so far as the Trustees are aware:

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of s418 of the Companies Act 2006.

Approved by the Trustees and signed on their behalf by:

Mr Thomas Mollenkopf President and Chairman

Approved on: 30/06/21

17

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of International Water Association (the ‘Association’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2020 which the comprise the Group statement of financial activities, the Group and Association balance sheets, the Group statement of cash flows, the principal accounting policies and the notes to the financial statements. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland’ (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion, the financial statements:

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the trustees’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group’s or the Association’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the trustees with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The trustees are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report and financial statements, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

18

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the Association and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the trustees’ report including the strategic report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

Responsibilities of trustees

As explained more fully in the trustees’ responsibilities statement, the trustees (who are also the directors of the Association for the purposes of company law) are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the trustees determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the trustees are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Association’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the trustees either intend to liquidate the Group or the Association or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: How the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities including fraud

Our approach to identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, was as follows:

The engagement partner ensured that the engagement team collectively had the appropriate competence, capabilities and skills to identify or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

We identified the laws and regulations applicable to the Association and Group through discussions with key management and from our knowledge and experience of the sector in which the company operates;

We assessed the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations identified above through making enquiries of key management and review of minutes of trustees' meetings

19

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements (continued)

We assessed the susceptibility of the Group's accounts to material misstatement, including obtaining an understanding of how fraud might occur, by:

Making enquiries of key management as to where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their knowledge of actual, suspected and alleged fraud; and

Considering the internal controls in place to mitigate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations.

To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override of controls, we:

Performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships;

Reviewed journal entries to identify unusual transactions;

Assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates were indicative of potential bias; and

Investigated the rationale behind significant or unusual transactions.

In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we designed procedures which included, but were not limited to:

Agreeing accounts disclosures to underlying supporting documentation;

Reviewing the minutes of meetings of the trustees; and

Enquiring of as to actual and potential litigation and claims.

There are inherent limitations in our audit procedures described above. The more removed that laws and regulations are from financial transactions, the less likely it is that we would become aware of non-compliance. Auditing standards also limit the audit procedures required to identify non-compliance with laws and regulations to enquiry of the trustees and other management and the inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, if any.

Material misstatements that arise due to fraud can be harder to detect than those that arise from error as they may involve deliberate concealment or collusion.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the Association’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Association’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Association and the Association’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Shachi Blakemore (Senior Statutory Auditor) For and on behalf of Buzzacott LLP, Statutory Auditor 130 Wood Street London EC2V 6DL

Date: 15 September 2021

20

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Consolidated statement of financial activities

For the year ended 31 December 2020

For the year ended 31 December 2020 For the year ended 31 December 2020
Unrestricted
funds
2020
Note
£
Income from:
Charitable activities
Membership subscriptions
757,672
Income from projects and grants
-
Income from conferences
18,045
Other trading activities
Income from publications
4,436,967
Income from Nanging Operation
527,965
Other sales income
34,926
Investments
23,450
Other sources
2
-
Total income
5,799,025
Expenditure on:
Raising funds
Investment management costs
10,031
Publications costs
2,073,353
Nanjing operations costs
452,228
Charitable activities
Engaged & collaborative membership
1,829,627
Source of leading-edge water knowledge
383,110
Platform for water knowledge exchange
345,452
Bridging science to practice
356,881
Total expenditure
3
5,450,682
Net income / (expenditure) before
Taxation
348,343
(13,023)
Net income / (expenditure) after
taxation, before investment gain
335,320
10
40,826
Net income / (expenditure) after
investment gains
376,146
Other recognised gains and losses
18
(40,341)
Net movement in funds before transfers
335,805
Gross transfers between funds
-
Net movement in funds
335,805
Reconciliation of funds
Total funds at 1 January
2,188,999
2,524,804
Total funds 31 December
Net investment gains on listed investments
Actuarial gains / (losses) on defined
benefit pension scheme
Taxation on Nanjing Operation		 Restricted
funds
2020
£
-
377,946
-
-
-
-
-
-		 Total
funds
2020
£
757,672
377,946
18,045
4,436,967
527,965
34,926
23,450
-		 Restated
Unrestricted
funds
2019
£
715,797
9,823
788,036
4,434,682
436,560
41,714
32,050
70,899		 Restricted
funds
2019
£
-
155,412
-
-
-
-
-
-		 Restated
Total
funds
2019
£
715,797
165,235
788,036
4,434,682
436,560
41,714
32,050
70,899
5,799,025 **377,946 ** 6,176,971 6,529,561 155,412 6,684,973
10,031
2,073,353
452,228
1,829,627
383,110

345,452
356,881		 -
-
-
-
-
-
281,721		 10,031
2,073,353
452,228
1,829,627
383,110
345,452
638,602		 8,178
1,946,995
269,751
1,915,431
433,357
956,755
308,325		 -
-
-
-
-
-
384,055		 8,178
1,946,995
269,751
1,915,431
433,357
956,755
692,380
**281,721 ** 5,732,403 5,838,792 384,055 6,222,847
348,343
(13,023)		 96,225
-		 444,568
(13,023)		 690,769
(4,104)		 (228,643)
-		 462,126
(4,104)
96,225
-		 431,545
40,826		 686,665
129,571		 (228,643)
-		 458,022
129,571
96,225
-		 472,371
(40,341)		 816,236
123,000		 (228,643)
-		 587,593
123,000
335,805
-		 96,225
-		 432,030
-		 939,236
-		 (228,643)
-		 710,593
-
335,805
2,188,999		 96,225
**(16,956) **		 432,030
2,172,043		 939,236
1,249,763		 (228,643)
211,687		 710,593
1,461,450
2,524,804 **79,269 ** 2,604,073 2,188,999 (16,956) 2,172,043

All activities relate to continuing operations in the above two financial periods. All recognised gains and losses are included in the above consolidated statement of financial activities. The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

21

COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 03597005 (England and Wales)

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Consolidated and Association Balance Sheets

As at 31 December 2020

Note
Fixed assets
Intangible assets
8
Tangible assets
9
Investments
10
Current assets
Stocks
11
Debtors
12
Cash at bank and in hand
Creditors: Amounts
falling due within one year
13
Net current assets
Creditors: Amounts
falling due more than one year
13a
Net assets excluding pension liability
Defined benefit pension scheme liability
18
Net assets
15
Funds
Restricted funds
14
Unrestricted funds
14
Designated funds - fixed assets
Designated funds - Nanjing Fund
General funds
Total unrestricted income funds
excluding investment revaluation reserve
Investment revaluation reserves
15
Total unrestricted funds
Total funds		 2020
2019
£
£
174,562
192,994
560,332
94,672
1,221,552
1,167,866
1,956,446
1,455,532
44,701
51,946
2,293,509
1,492,122
1,381,923
1,769,171
3,720,133
3,313,239
(2,952,506)
(2,596,728)
767,627
716,511
(120,000)
-
2,604,073
2,172,043
-
-
2,604,073
2,172,043
79,269
(16,956)
614,894
287,666
225,419
162,705
1,400,849
1,401,181
2,241,162
1,851,552
283,642
337,447
2,524,804
2,188,999
2,604,073
2,172,043
The Group		 2020
2019
£
£
-
-
488,505
2,086
1,371,555
1,317,869
1,860,060
1,319,955
-
-
1,698,129
1,504,090
728,116
908,479
2,426,245
2,412,569
(1,788,681)
(1,560,478)
637,564
852,091
(120,000)
-
2,377,624
2,172,046
-
-
2,377,624
2,172,046
79,269
(16,956)
368,505
2,086
-
-
1,646,205
1,849,466
2,014,710
1,851,552
283,645
337,450
2,298,355
2,189,002
2,377,624
2,172,046
Association		 2020
2019
£
£
-
-
488,505
2,086
1,371,555
1,317,869
1,860,060
1,319,955
-
-
1,698,129
1,504,090
728,116
908,479
2,426,245
2,412,569
(1,788,681)
(1,560,478)
637,564
852,091
(120,000)
-
2,377,624
2,172,046
-
-
2,377,624
2,172,046
79,269
(16,956)
368,505
2,086
-
-
1,646,205
1,849,466
2,014,710
1,851,552
283,645
337,450
2,298,355
2,189,002
2,377,624
2,172,046
Association
1,860,060 1,319,955
-
1,698,129
728,116		 -
1,504,090
908,479
2,426,245
(1,788,681)		 2,412,569
(1,560,478)
637,564 852,091
(120,000) -
2,377,624
-		 2,172,046
-
2,377,624 2,172,046
79,269
368,505
-
1,646,205		 (16,956)
2,086
-
1,849,466
2,014,710
283,645		 1,851,552
337,450
2,298,355 2,189,002
2,377,624 2,172,046

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

The financial statements were approved by the Trustees on 30th June 2021 and signed on their behalf, by:

Marie-Pierre Whaley

Trustee and Treasurer

22

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Consolidated statement of cashflows

For the year ended 31 December 2020

Note
Cash flow form operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities
16
Cash flow form investing activities:
Investment income
Purchase of tangible and intangible fixed assets
Proceeds from sale of investments
Purchase of investments
Net cash used in investing activities
Change in cash and cash equivalents in the year
Cash and cash equivalents brought forward
Changes in cash and cash equivalents due to exchange rate movements
Cash and cash equivalents carried forward
17		 2020
£
113,766
23,450
(519,562)
439,008
(456,789)
(513,893)
(400,127)
1,792,506
7,958
1,400,337		 2019
£
673,284
32,050
(209,150)
138,701
(137,543)
(175,942)
497,342
1,337,063
(41,899)
1,792,506

23

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

1. Accounting policies

1.1 Company status

The Association is a company limited by guarantee. The members of the company are the Trustees named on page 1. In the event of the Association being wound up, the liability in respect of the guarantee is limited to £1 per member of the Association.

1.2 Basis of preparation and consolidation

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) - (Charities SORP (FRS102)), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the Companies Act 2006.

These financial statements have been prepared for the year to 31 December 2020, with comparative information presented in respect of the year to 31 December 2019.

International Water Association (the 'Association') meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy.

The Statement of Financial Activities (SOFA) and Balance Sheet consolidate the financial statements of the Association and its subsidiary undertaking. The results of the subsidiary are consolidated on a line by line basis. The Association has taken advantage of the exemption contained within 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present its own income and expenditure account.

No separate SOFA has been presented for the Association alone as permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

1.3 Assessment of going concern

The Trustees assess whether the use of going concern is appropriate i.e. whether there are any material uncertainties related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the ability of the company to continue as a going concern. The Trustees make this assessment in respect of a period of at least one year from the date of authorisation for issue of the financial statements. In forming their assessment, the Trustees have also given consideration to financial forecasts and business plans, including group entities. They have also given due consideration to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the group's operations, with a focus on its effect on the Association's membership, customers, suppliers, employees and investments. The Trustees acknowledge the disruption caused by the pandemic to the group's day-to-day operations and confirm that they do not consider this to be cause for material uncertainty in respect of the group's ability to continue as a going concern. The group has successfully employed contingency plans, and trustees have considered that the charity has sufficient cash resources to continue for the foreseeable future, despite the current crisis..

The group balance sheet as at 31 December 2020 reports net current assets of £767,627 (2019 net current asset of £716,511), the Trustees also highlight that the investments carried within fixed assets of £1,221,552 (2019: £1,167,866) are available to the Association in order to meet working capital needs if required, and only invested in order to provide a better return on surplus funds which are not immediately needed.

The Trustees have therefore concluded that the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and to meet liabilities as they fall due for a period of at least 12 months following the Trustees’ approval of these financial statements. Further commentary on the Trustees' assessment of going concern may be found within the Trustees' report accompanying the financial statements.

24

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

1. Accounting policies (continued)

1.6 Fund accounting

General funds are unrestricted funds which are available for use at the discretion of the Trustees in furtherance of the general objectives of the Association and which have not been designated for other purposes.

Designated funds comprise unrestricted funds that have been set aside by the Trustees for particular purposes. The aim and use of each designated fund is set out in the notes to the financial statements.

The investments revaluation reserve is an unrestricted fund and reflects the balance included within fixed asset investments which has arisen as a consequence of the cumulative impact of market value changes to the Association's investment assets

Restricted funds are funds which are to be used in accordance with specific restrictions imposed by donors or which have been raised by the Association for particular purposes. The costs of raising and administering such funds are charged against the specific fund. The aim and use of each restricted fund is set out in the notes to the financial statements.

Investment income, gains and losses are allocated to the appropriate fund.

1.7 Income

All income is recognised once the Association or group has entitlement to the income, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount of income receivable can be measured reliably.

Donated services or facilities are recognised when the Association or group has control over the item, any conditions associated with the donated item have been met, the receipt of economic benefit from the use of the item is probable and the economic benefit can be measured reliably.

On receipt, donated professional services and donated facilities are recognised on the basis of the value of the gift to the Association or group which is the amount the Association or group would have been willing to pay to obtain services or facilities of equivalent economic benefit on the open market; a corresponding amount is then recognised in expenditure in the period of receipt.

Interest on funds held on deposit is included when receivable and the amount can be measured reliably by the company, this is normally upon notification of the interest paid or payable by the bank.

25

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

1. Accounting policies (continued)

1.8 Expenditure

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to make payment to a third party, it is probable that settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably. All expenditure is accounted for on an accruals basis. All expenses including support costs and governance costs are allocated to the applicable expenditure headings. Irrecoverable VAT is charged against the expenditure heading for which it was incurred. The estimated costs of reinstating short term leasehold property is also capitalised at teh point of the modification works being undertaken.

1.9 Tangible and Intangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets and depreciation

All assets costing more than £500 are capitalised.

Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less depreciation. The estimated cost of reinstating short term leasehold properties is also capitalised at the point of the modification works being undertaken. Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of fixed assets, less their estimated residual value over their expected useful lives on the following bases:

Leasehold improvements - 10 years straight line Fixtures and fittings - 5 / 6 years straight line Office equipment - 6 years straight line Computer equipment - 3 years straight line

Intangible fixed assets and amortisation

All assets costing more than £500 are capitalised.

Intangible fixed assets are stated at cost less amortisation. Amortisation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of fixed assets, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives on the following bases:

Computer software – 5 years straight line

1.10 Investments

Investments are a form of basic financial instrument and are initially recognised at their transaction value and subsequently measured at their fair value as at the balance sheet date using the closing quoted market price. The Statement of Financial Activities includes the net gains and losses arising on revaluation and disposals throughout the year.

Investments in subsidiary companies which are unlisted are carried on the Association's balance sheet at cost less impairment.

1.11 Stocks

Stocks are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value after making due allowance for obsolete and slowmoving stocks. Cost includes all direct costs and an appropriate proportion of fixed and variable overheads.

1.12 Taxation

The Association is an exempt charity within the meaning of schedule 3 of the Charities Act 2011 and is considered to pass the tests set out in Paragraph 1 Schedule 6 Finance Act 2010 and therefore it meets the definition of a charitable company for UK corporation tax purposes. The group's liability for current tax in this regard is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period within the relevant jurisdiction. The group incurred tax charges in Nanjing, China.

1.13 Debtors

Trade and other debtors are recognised at the settlement amount after any trade discount offered. Prepayments are valued at the amount repaid net of any trade discounts due.

1.14 Cash at Bank and in hand

Cash at bank and in hand includes cash and short term highly liquid investments with a short maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or opening of the deposit or similar account.

26

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

1. Accounting policies (continued)

1.15 Creditors and provisions

Creditors and provisions are recognised where the Association has a present obligation resulting from a past event that will probably result in the transfer of funds to a third party and the amount due to settle the obligation can be measured or estimated reliably. Creditors and provisions are normally recognised at their settlement amount after allowing for any trade discounts due. Long term liabilities are discounted where the effect of discounting would be material to the accounts.

1.16 Financial instruments

The Association only has financial assets and financial liabilities of a kind that qualify as basic financial instruments. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at transaction value and subsequently measured at their settlement value with the exception of bank loans which are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

1.17 Foreign currencies

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate ruling on the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Exchange gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Financial Activities.

1.18 Pensions

Group employees are able to participate in defined contribution schemes administrated in the UK, Netherlands and China. The assets of the schemes are held separately from those of the group. In addition, IWA Publishing Ltd makes contributions into the personal pension plans for some of its employees. The costs of providing pensions are charged to the SOFA as incurred, i.e. in line with the contribution payable by the group in the period.

The Association also previously offered employees access to a defined benefit pension scheme administered in the UK. The defined benefit pension scheme is now closed to future new entrants and there are no remaining active members in the scheme. For the defined benefits scheme, the Statement of Financial Activities (SOFA) is charged with the cost of providing pension benefits earned by former employees in the period. The expected return on pension scheme assets less the interest on the pension scheme liabilities is included as part of this charge. Actuarial gains and losses arising in the period from the difference between actual and expected returns on the pension scheme assets, experience gains and losses on pension scheme liabilities and the effect of changes in demographics and financial assumptions, are included as after recognised gains or losses in the Statement of Financial Activities. The accumulated pension scheme deficit is recognised in full and included in the balance sheet. However, in the event that the scheme is in net surplus position, the asset is not recognised in the balance sheet as it is not expected that the surplus will be realisable by the Association until after buying out pension benefits to the pensioners.

1.19 Conferences

The World Water Congress is held bi-annually. Expenditure incurred in preparing for the Congress is also carried forward and recognised in the year of the Congress itself, except for the cost of staff time which is recognised in the financial year in which the services were rendered by the employees.

1.20 Specialist group funds

Specialist groups run independently from the Association and their income, expenditure, assets and liabilities are not included in the Association's financial statements.

Where specialist groups use the Association's services, these are charged to the group and shown as income for the Association. In many cases, this relates to a share of income from events organised by the specialist group in agreement with the Association. This income is accounted for once confirmation is received of the amount due and it is reasonably certain that it will be received.

The Association hold funds on behalf of the specialist groups. The balances due to the groups are included in creditors.

27

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

2. Income from other sources

Analysis of expenditure type
Expenditure on charitable activities
Expenditure on raising funds
Investment management costs
Total expenditure
Analysis of expenditure type
Expenditure on charitable activities
Expenditure on raising funds
Investment management costs
Total expenditure
Bridging science to practice
Publications
Nanjing Operation
Nanjing Operation
Platform for water knowledge exchange
Bridging science to practice
Engaged & collaborative membership
Source of leading-edge water knowledge
Platform for water knowledge exchange
Publications
Miscellaneous income
Engaged & collaborative membership
Source of leading-edge water knowledge		 Staff costs
2020
£
1,237,067
220,997
252,791
314,910		 2020

£
307,944
59,226
67,746
84,394
Support
costs		 Total
2020
2019
£
£
-
70,899
Total
Unrestricted funds		 Total
2020
2019
£
£
-
70,899
Total
Unrestricted funds
- 70,899
Other costs
2020
£

284,616

102,887

24,915

239,298

 2020
£
1,829,627
383,110
345,452
638,602
Total
2,025,765 519,310 651,716 3,196,791
361,459
843,277		 66,498
383,768		 10,031

24,271
846,308		 10,031

452,228
2,073,353
1,204,736 450,266 880,610 2,535,612
3,230,501 969,576 1,532,326 5,732,403
Restated
Staff costs
2019
£
1,126,412
262,154
322,236
381,190
2,091,992		 2019

£
244,478
56,898
69,939
82,734
454,049
Support costs		 Other costs
2019
£
544,541
114,305
564,580
228,456
1,451,882		 Restated
Total
2019
£
1,915,431
433,357
956,755
692,380
3,997,923
117,016
805,279		 29,945
428,236		 8,178
122,790
713,480		 8,178
269,751
1,946,995
922,295 458,181 844,448 2,224,924
3,014,287 912,230 2,296,330 6,222,847

3. Analysis of expenditure type

28

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

4.
Analysis of support costs
Rent, rates & services
Office cleaning & repairs
Printing and stationery
Postage and couriers
Telephone
Insurance
Legal and professional fees
Bank charges
Computer support and maintenance
Leasing charges
Office Relocation
Depreciation and impairment charges
Miscellaneous expenses
Publication costs
Equipment and software
Nanjing Operation		 2020
£
183,173
13,145
4,804
4,346
26,702
30,721
65,864
20,758
63,438
750
-
80,021
13,199
66,497
383,768
12,390		 2019
£
121,145
20,040
7,256
1,521
33,146
26,038
67,972
24,862
46,628
3,466
76,049
12,325
393
29,945
428,236
13,208
969,576 912,230

Support costs are apportioned to the various categories of charitable activities based on staff costs.

5. Governance costs

Other services
6.
Net income / (expenditure) for the year
This is stated after charging:
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets:
Amortisation of intangible fixed assets.
Auditor's remuneration
Statutory audit
Other services
Apportionment of staff costs
Apportionment of support costs
AGM and Trustees' international meeting costs
Statutory audit
Auditors' remuneration		 Total
2020
2019
£
£
18,750
16,300
1,650
1,500
30,918
120,126
15,579
13,621
60,000
60,000
Total
Unrestricted funds		 Total
2020
2019
£
£
18,750
16,300
1,650
1,500
30,918
120,126
15,579
13,621
60,000
60,000
Total
Unrestricted funds
126,897 211,547
2020
£
124,474
67,862
18,750
1,650		 2019
£
41,355
57,976
16,300
1,500

29

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

7. Staff and Consultants costs

Staff and Consultants costs were as follows:

Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Other pension costs
Consultants Charges
Termination payments		 2020
£
2,517,597
308,957
248,781
155,166
-		 2019
£
2,202,888
287,684
237,500
286,215
-
3,230,501 3,014,287

Included in wages and salaries is a provision of nil (2019: £57,321) for redundancies

The average number of employees during the year was as follows (including casual and part-time staff):

Charitable activities
Publishing activities
Management and administration		 2020
No.
28
13
4		 2019
No.
33
13
4
45 50

The number of higher paid employees (excluding employer pension contribution) were as follows

In the band £60,001 - £70,000
In the band £70,001 - £80,000
In the band £80,001 - £90,000
In the band £90,001 - £100,000
In the band £110,001 - £120,000
In the band £130,001 - £140,000
In the band £140,001 - £150,000
In the band £160,001 - £170,000
In the band £240,001 - £250,000
In the band £250,001 - £260,000		 2020
No.
3
1
2
-
1
1
1
-
-
1		 2019
No.
2
-
1
1
-
1
-
1
1
-
10 7

The total contribution to the defined contribution pension schemes during the year was £145,528 (2019: £105,759). At the year end £Nil (2019: £nil) was outstanding.

No fees or remuneration are paid to any members or officers of the Association with the exception of the Executive Director who received £255,561 during the year (2019: £230,940). Clause 4 of the Memorandum of the Association provides specific power to make such payment to the Executive Director. The Association incurred a total of £30,918 (2019: £119,112) in respect of international travel, subsistence and venue costs for 14 (2019: 14) Board members.

During the year the Association maintained an Indemnity Insurance cover for its officers for up to £10 million (2018: £10 million) at a cost of £5,000 per annum (2018: £5,000).

As referenced in the Trustees' report, the Trustees consider that they together with IWA Management Team comprise the key management personnel of the Association. During the year the key management personnel received total remuneration of £854,787 (including on-costs) (2019: £712,002).

30

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020 8. Intangible fixed assets Group

COST
Additions in year
At 31 December 2020
Charge for the year
At 31 December 2020
NET BOOK VALUE
At 31 December 2020
At 31 December 2019
9.
Tangible fixed assets
Group
COST
Additions in year
Disposal in the year
At 31 December 2020
DEPRECIATION
Charge for the year
Released in the year
At 31 December 2020
NET BOOK VALUE
At 31 December 2020
At 31 December 2019
At 1 January 2020
At 1 January 2020
Impairment charge
At 1 January 2020
At 1 January 2020
AMORTISATION		 Leasehold
Improveme
nt
£
-
120,000
-
Fixtures and
fittings
£
223,478
420,618
(123,096)
£
47,070
28,557
(47,069)
Office
equipment		 Online
Platform
£
289,881
49,430
Total
£
289,881
49,430
339,311 339,311
96,887
67,862		 96,887
67,862
164,749 164,749
174,562 174,562
192,994 192,994
£
417,510
20,958
(328,738)
Computers
 Total
£
688,058
590,133
(498,903)
120,000 521,000 28,558 109,730 779,288
-
12,000
-
-		 143,174
90,747
-
(123,097)		 47,070
4,760
(47,069)		 403,142
16,967
(328,738)		 593,386
124,474
-
(498,904)
12,000 110,824 4,761 91,371 218,956
108,000 410,176 23,797 18,359 560,332
- 80,304 - 14,368 94,672

31

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

9. Tangible fixed assets (continued)

Association
Leasehold
Improveme
nt
£
COST
-
Additions in year
120,000
Disposal in the year
-
At 31 December 2020
120,000
DEPRECIATION
-
Charge for the year
12,000
Released in the year
-
At 31 December 2020
12,000
NET BOOK VALUE
At 31 December 2020
108,000
At 31 December 2019
-
10.
Fixed asset investments
Group
Cash held by investment manager for reinvestment
Historical cost
At 31 December 2020
At 1 January 2020
At 1 January 2020
At 1 January 2020
Realised investment loss
Additions at cost
Disposal proceeds
At 31 December 2020
Unrealised investment gain		 Leasehold
Improveme
nt
£
-
120,000
-
Fixtures and
fittings
£
115,410.00
420,618
(115,409)
£
47,070
28,557
(47,069)
Office
equipment		 £
380,632
9,287
(315,251)
Computers
 Total
£
543,112
578,462
(477,729)
120,000 420,619 28,558 74,668 643,845
-
12,000
-		 115,410
70,103
(115,409)		 47,070
4,760
(47,069)		 378,546
5,180
(315,251)		 541,026
92,043
(477,729)
12,000 70,104 4,761 68,475 155,340
108,000 350,515 23,797 6,193 488,505
- - - 2,086 2,086
Listed
securities
£
1,094,531
456,789
(439,008)
(4,193)
45,019
Unlisted
income
bonds
£
50,000
-
-
-

2020
£
1,144,531
456,789
(439,008)
(4,193)
45,019
1,153,138
18,414		 50,000
-		 1,203,138
18,414
1,171,552 50,000 1,221,552
887,907 50,000 937,907

32

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

10. Fixed asset investments (continued)

Group investments at market value comprise

UK
£
£
597,787
573,765
Unlisted income bonds
50,000
-
Total carrying value
647,787
573,765
There were five material investments over 5% by value of the portfolio as a whole.
Blackrock Fm ltd European Dynamic D Inc.
7.57%
Vanguard Funds Plc S&P 500 Ucits Etf Inc GBP
6.12%
Brown Advisory Fds US Equity Growth B USD Dis.
7.14%
Artemis Fd Mngrs US Select InstI GBP Inc.
5.97%
Baillie Gifford American W3 Dis.
6.25%
Overseas
Listed investments		 UK
£
597,787
50,000		 £
573,765
-
Overseas		 £
1,171,552
50,000
2020		 2019
£
1,117,866
50,000
647,787 573,765 1,221,552 1,167,866

Association

Additions at cost
Disposal proceeds
At 31 December 2020
Cash held by investment manager for reinvestment
Historical cost
At 31 December 2020
Association investments comprise:
Unlisted income bonds
Total carrying value
At 1 January 2020
Listed investments
Realised investment loss
Investment in subsidiaries
Unrealised investment gain		 £
150,003
-
-
-
Investment in
subsidiaries		 £
1,094,531
456,789
(439,008)
(4,193)
45,019


Listed
investments		 £
50,000
-
-
-
Unlisted
income bonds

 Total
£
1,294,534
456,789
(439,008)
(4,193)
45,019
150,003 1,153,138 50,000 1,353,141
18,414 - 18,414
150,003 1,171,552 50,000 1,371,555
150,003 887,907 50,000 1,087,910
UK
£
597,787
150,003
50,000		 £
573,765
-
-
Overseas		 2020
£
1,171,552
150,003
50,000		 2019
£
1,117,866
150,003
50,000
797,790 573,765 1,371,555 1,317,869

33

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

10. Fixed asset investments (continued) Association (continued)

Investment in subsidiaries

The Assocation holds a controlling interest in IWA Publishing Limited, IWA Conferences Limited, IWA Development Solutions Limited, IWA Global Enterprises Limited, Nanjing IWA Science & Technology Co. Ltd (China), IWAT Science and Technology Private Limited (India) and IWAI Water Foundation (India), whose details are given below.

The Association holds 150,000 issued £1 ordinary shares of IWA Publishing Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales. This represents 100% of the issued share capital.

IWA Publishing Limited's activities during the year were that of a publisher of books, periodicals and video recordings. Its turnover for the year was £4,436,555 (2019: £4,434,100) and it made a taxable profit of £2,363,614 (2019: £2,487,687). All of the profit is donated to the Association under Gift Aid.

Assets, liabilities and funds of IWA Publishing Limited

Assets, liabilities and funds of IWA Publishing Limited
Fixed assets
Current assets
Less: Current liabilities
Net assets
Total funds		 2020
£
183,300
1,853,541
(1,886,841)		 2019
£
198,222
1,624,908
(1,673,130)
150,000 150,000
150,000 150,000

The Association holds 1 issued £1 ordinary share, representing 100% of the issued share capital of IWA Development Solutions Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales. There were no trading activities carried out by the company during the year.

The Association holds 1 issued £1 ordinary share, representing 100% of the issued share capital of IWA Conferences Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales. There were no trading activities carried out by the company during the year.

The Association holds 1 issued £1 ordinary share, representing 100% of the issued share capital of IWA Global Enterprises Limited, a company incorporated in England and Wales. There were no trading activities carried out by the company during the year other than receipt of a loan of £1,098 from the parent for the purpose of investing in IWAT Science and Technology Private Limited.

The Association indirectly indirectly controls IWAT Science and Technology Private Limited, a company incorporated in India, as its entire 9999 issued Rs10 ordinary shares is owned by IWA Global Enterprises Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Association). There were no trading activities carried out by the company during the year.

The Association indirectly controls IWAI Water Foundation, (through Global Enterprises Limited) a company incorporated in India and limited by guarantee without a share capital. There were no trading activities carried out by the foundation during the year.

The Association indirectly controls Nanjing IWA Science & Technology Co Ltd, a company incorporated in China, as its entire registered capital (£120,000) is owned by IWA Global Enterprises Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Association). There were no paid up capital to date and the contribution deadline is 31 December 2048.

Investment in subsidiaries

Nanjing IWA Science & Technology Co. Ltd's activities during the year were that of promoting the art and science of water management globally, by the encouragement of training, study and research in water management and the publication of the useful results of such research; to share advanced technologies and best practices with water professionals and organisations. Its turnover for the year was £527,965 (2019: £436,224) and it made a taxable profit of £86,985 (2019: £166,809). All of the profits are held in the company for future operations.

Assets, liabilities and funds of Nanjing IWA Science & Technology Co. Ltd

Fixed assets
Current assets
Less: Current liabilities
Net assets
Total funds		 2020
£
38,818
278,577
(91,976)		 2019
£
87,360
356,428
(281,083)
225,419 162,705
225,419 162,705

34

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

11. Stock

Goods held for resale
12. Debtors
Trade debtors
Other debtors
Prepayments and accrued income
Amount due from subsidiary undertakings		 2020
2019
£
£
44,701
51,946
The Group		 2020
2019
£
£
44,701
51,946
The Group		 2020
2019
£
£
-
-
Association		 2020
2019
£
£
-
-
Association
44,701 51,946 - -
2020
2019
£
£
1,463,851
1,070,681
242,779
220,752
586,879
200,689
-
-
The Group		 2020
2019
£
£
137,573
109,793
223,839
199,341
498,488
113,192
838,229
1,081,764
Association
2,293,509 1,492,122 1,698,129 1,504,090

13. Creditors : amounts falling due within one year

Trade creditors
Other creditors
Social security costs
Specialist Group funds
Accruals and deferred income		 2020
2019
£
£
333,267
659,436
385,687
398,271
111,203
73,374
140,765
125,428
1,981,584
1,340,219
The Group		 2020
2019
£
£
333,267
659,436
385,687
398,271
111,203
73,374
140,765
125,428
1,981,584
1,340,219
The Group		 2020
2019
£
£
214,838
447,733
225,807
262,912
81,734
56,604
140,765
125,428
1,125,537
667,801
Association		 2020
2019
£
£
214,838
447,733
225,807
262,912
81,734
56,604
140,765
125,428
1,125,537
667,801
Association
2,952,506 2,596,728 1,788,681 1,560,478

Deferred income represents income collected in advance for future journal, membership subscriptions and events.

13a Creditors : amounts falling due more than one year

Creditors : amounts falling due more than one year
Provision for dilapidation 2020
2019
£
£
120,000
-
The Group		 2020
£
120,000
-		 2019
£
-
120,000 - 120,000 -

Provision for dilapidations represents the estimated cost of reinstatement works, repairs and redecoration, as well as specific works that will need to be made in line with the office lease. (Export Building, First Floor, 1 Clove Crescent, London E14 2BA)

35

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

14. Statement of funds Group

Tangible and Intangible assets
Nanjing Fund
Unrestricted funds
Investment revaluation reserves
Pension reserve
Tangible assets
Nanjing Fund
Unrestricted funds
Investment revaluation reserves
Pension reserve
Designated funds
General funds
Total unrestricted
funds
Restricted funds
Total funds
Designated funds
General funds
Total unrestricted
funds
Restricted funds (see below)
Total funds		 At 1 Jan
2020
£
287,666
162,705		 Income
£

-

527,965		 Expenditure
£

(192,334)

(465,251)		 Transfers
in/out
£
519,562
-		 Gain/
(Losses)
£

-

-		 At 31 Dec
2020
£

614,894

225,419
450,371
527,965
(657,585)		 519,562
-
840,313
1,401,181
337,447
-
5,271,060

-

-
(4,806,121)

-
 (465,272)

(94,631)
40,341		 40,826
(40,341)		 1,400,848

283,642
-
1,738,628
5,271,060
(4,806,121)		 (519,562) 485
1,684,490
2,188,999
5,799,025
(5,463,706)		 -
485
2,524,803
(16,956) 377,946 (281,721) - - 79,269
2,172,043 6,176,971 (5,745,427) - 485 2,604,072
At 1 Jan
2019
£
177,847
-		 Income
£

-

436,560		 Expenditure
£

(99,331)

(273,855)		 Transfers
in/out
£
209,150		 Gain/
(Losses)
£

-		 At 31 Dec
2019
£

287,666
162,705
177,847
436,560
(373,186)		 209,150
-
450,371
1,033,112
208,804
(170,000)
6,093,001

-
-
(5,516,710)

-

47,000		 (208,222)

(928)

-		 -
129,571

123,000		 1,401,181
337,447
-
1,071,916
6,093,001
(5,469,710)		 (209,150) 252,571 1,738,628
1,249,763
6,529,561
(5,842,896)		 -
252,571
2,188,999
211,687 155,412 (384,055) - (16,956)
1,461,450 6,684,973 (6,226,951) -
252,571		 2,172,043

36

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

14. Statement of funds (Continued)

Association
Tangible assets
Unrestricted funds
Investment revaluation reserves
Pension reserve
Association
Tangible assets
Unrestricted funds
Investment revaluation reserves
Pension reserve
Designated funds
General funds
Total unrestricted
Designated funds
Restricted funds (see below)
Total funds
funds
Restricted funds
Total funds
General funds
Total unrestricted
funds		 At 1 Jan
2020
£
2,086		 Income
£
-		 Expenditure

£
(92,043)		 Transfers
in/out
£
458,462		 Gain/
(Losses)
£
-		 At 31 Dec
2020
£
368,505
2,086 - (92,043) 458,462 - 368,505
1,849,466
337,450
-		 5,271,060
-
-		 (5,070,149)
-		 (404,172)
(94,631)
40,341		 40,826
(40,341)		 1,646,205
283,645
-
2,186,916 5,271,060 (5,070,149) (458,462) 485 1,929,850
2,189,002 5,271,060 (5,162,192) - 485 2,298,355
(16,956) 377,946 (281,721) - - 79,269
2,172,046 5,649,006 (5,443,913) - 485 2,377,624
At 1 Jan
2019
£
14,411		 Income
£
-		 Expenditure

£

(12,325)		 Transfers
in/out
£		 Gain/
(Losses)
£
-		 At 31 Dec
2019
£
2,086
14,411 -
(12,325)		 0 -
2,086
1,210,759
194,596
(170,000)		 6,093,001
-
-
(5,441,011)
-

47,000		 (13,283)

13,283
-
129,571

123,000		 1,849,466
337,450
-
1,235,355 6,093,001
(5,394,011)		 - 252,571 2,186,916
1,249,766 6,093,001
(5,406,336)		 - 252,571 2,189,002
211,687 155,412 (384,055) - (16,956)
1,461,453 6,248,413 (5,790,391) - 252,571 2,172,046

37

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

14. Statement of funds (continued)

Tangible and Intangible asset fund

This fund balance represents the carrying value of the Association's tangible and intangible fixed assets net of any associated liabilities. This fund has been established in recognition of the fact that the assets are used in the day to day work of the charity and do not represent reserves available to finance its operations

Investment revaluation reserve

This fund balance represents the balance included within fixed asset investments which has arisen as a consequence of the cumulative impact of market value changes to the Association's investment assets. It has been separated in order to provide an indication of the difference between the value of listed investments at the balance sheet date relative to its historic cost. A calculation is provided at note 19 to the financial statements.

Pension reserve

This fund represents the Association's long-term liability in respect of its defined benefit pension scheme. It is separated in order acknowledgement that the liability is long-term and may be disregarded in considering the availability of free reserves in meeting the day-to-day obligations of the Association and the group.

Nanging Fund

This fund represents the net asset under the control of the Association's subsidiary, Nanjing IWA Science & Technology Co. Ltd in China. Those net assets are essential to the operations in China and therefore separately ring-fenced in these accounts.

Analysis of restricted funds (Association and Group)

Total restricted
funds
Operation and Maintenance Network
Improving water security for the poor
GIZ Carbon Neutrality in Water
LAC HRWS
Citywide inclusive sanitation
Prime Water
Diffuse Pollution SG Fund
Aquarating - Mongolia
Regulators NBS
Climate Resilient WSP's
Aquarating - Zambia
Aquarating - Mali
PBC Partnership
FAO Project		 At 1 Jan
2020
£
8,088
-
(2,030)
1,367
-
(64,224)
2,124
21,164
(1,843)
5,605
-
12,826
(33)		 Income
£
-
75,724
40,950
-
44,719
114,758
37,575
-
58,549
4,141
1,530
-
-		 Expenditure

£
(23,547)
(8,924)
(26,419)
(33,906)
(32,077)
(80,674)
(33,748)
-
(23,863)
(9,746)
(1,530)
(7,320)
33		 Transfers
in/out
£
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 Gain/
(Losses)
£
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 At 31 Dec
2020
£
(15,459)
66,800
14,531
(35,936)
14,009
-
(30,140)
5,951
21,164
32,843
-
-
5,506
-
(16,956) 377,946
(281,721)		 -
-
79,269

38

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

14. Statement of funds (continued)

Analysis of restricted funds (Association and Group) (continued)

Aquarating - Angola
Aquarating - Sierra Leone
Aquarating - Lebanon
Aquarating - Zambia
Diffuse Pollution Specialist Group
Prime Water
WSP - Asia-Pacific Network
PBC Partnership
FAO Project
Climate Resilient WSP's
Reconnect
WHO DWQ
Operation and Maintenance Network
PEARL
GEF Floods & Droughts
Aquarating - Mali
Total restricted
funds
Improving water security for the poor
GIZ Carbon Neutrality in Water
Aquarating - Mongolia
LAC HRWS
Regulators NBS		 At 1 Jan
2019
£
12,578
5,639
1,261
5,853
680
6,912
14,496
4,416
31,535
144,682
461
(1,449)
(1,202)
(59,347)
26,447
-
350
14,807
-
3,568		 Income
£
33,405
10,864
47,882
35,486
6,323
15,795
-
(115,200)
-
17,245
1,260
65,696
-
-
-
-
-
28,854
7,802		 Expenditure

£
(37,895)
(16,503)
(51,173)
(5,853)
(680)
(42,398)
(19,452)
(20,211)
(95,759)
(29,482)
(461)
(13,672)
(58)
(6,349)
(5,283)
(1,843)
(350)
(9,202)
-
(16,028)
(11,403)		 Transfers
in/out
£
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 Gain/
(Losses)
£
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 At 31 Dec
2019
£
8,088
-
(2,030)
-
-
-
1,367
-
(64,224)
-
-
2,124
-
-
21,164
(1,843)
-
5,605
-
12,826
(33)
211,687 155,412
(384,055)		 -
-
(16,956)

Improving water security for the poor

The REACH programme is led by Oxford University and brings together a consortium of global leaders in water science, policy and practice. REACH is a new global research programme to improve water security for the poor by delivering worldclass science that transforms policy and practice. The fund currently having a deficit balance, pending payment receivable from the donor.

Citywide inclusive sanitation

The IWA is working with our partnrs, through this project IWA aims at identifying the needs, opportunities, and tools for action to support and inspire regulators in their contribution to achieving citywide inclusive sanitation in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals.

GIZ Carbon Neutrality in Water

The IWA is working on a project with GIZ, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation, to improve the carbon balance across utilities. The project focuses on parts of the nexus as addressing greenhouse gas reduction and energy efficiency produces benefits for water efficiency and recovers resources.

Aquarating

The funds received from IDB toward the execution of a technical cooperation programme for the implementation of a rating system Aqua Rating for the water and sanitation providers. The Aquarating Mongolia fund currently having a deficit balance, pending payment receivable from the donor.

39

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

14. Statement of funds (continued)

Analysis of restricted funds (Association and Group) (continued)

WHO DWQ

Funded by World Health Organisation towards improving drinking water quality.

Operation and Maintenance Network

Funds received from Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare ("MHLW") Japan to support, raise awareness and develop capacities to effectively address operations and maintenance of water supply and sanitation systems and protect public health.

Preparing for the Extreme and Rare events in Coastal Regions (PEARL)

PEARL brings together world leading expertise in both the domain of hydro-engineering and risk reduction and management services to pool knowledge and practical experience in order to develop more sustainable risk management solutions for coastal communities focusing on present and projected extreme hydro-meteorological events. Funds Received from EC towards IWA supporting communication and dissemination of PEARL outputs, as well as the development of an evaluation process that can guide selection of engineered and environmental resilient strategies for different scenarios, and link to case studies and best practices around the world.

GEF Floods & Droughts

Funds received from UN Enviro Programme to develop adaptive, sociotechnical risk management measures and strategies for coastal communities against extreme hydro-meteorological events minimising social, economic and environmental impacts and increasing the resilience of Coastal Regions in Europe.

Prime Water

Funded through EU Horizon 2020 – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation for delivering advanced predictive tools from medium to seasonal range for water dependent industries and exploiting the cross-cutting potential of EO and hydro-ecological modelling (in short PrimeWater).

Diffuse Pollution Specialist Group

Conference surplus funds received from the Diffuse Pollution Specialist Group towards the cost of future activities.

WSP - Asia-Pacific Network

Funds received from UNOPS towards hosting the WSP Network Asia, the thematic network for capacity development for water safety plans and to strengthen the Asia Pacific WSP network to support the development of climate resilient, adaptable systems for water supply.

PBC Partnership

The World Bank (WB) and the International Water Association (IWA) have established a global partnership to help countries, especially the poorest, improve management of Non-Revenue Water (NRW). The program aims to capture good practices in the use of Performance-Based Contracts (PBCs) to reduce NRW, raise awareness on the issue of NRW, simplify and streamline the preparation of such contracts, and support their implementation in developing countries in the next few years. Furthermore the partnership will build the market of suppliers at the local level.

40

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

14. Statement of funds (continued)

Analysis of restricted funds (Association and Group) (continued)

Climate Resilient WSP's

funding provided by OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) for implementing climate resilient water safety planning to improve water supply and public health. The fund currently having a deficit balance, pending payment receivable from the donor.

Reconnect

Funds received from European Commission. RECONECT aims to contribute to European reference framework on Nature Based Solutions (NBS) by demonstrating, referencing and upscaling large scale NBS and by stimulating a new culture for 'land use planning' that links the reduction of risks with local and regional development objectives in a sustainable way. During the year the Association decided to terminate its contribution to the project as of 31 December 2019 and the remaining funds will be returned to the donor.

Regulators - Nature Based Solutions (NBS)

Funds received from The Nature Conservancy (TNC) towards Supporting regulators and regulation to enable consideration and investment in nature based solution to improve water security and safety.

15. Analysis of net assets between funds Group

Group
Tangible fixed assets
Intangible fixed assets
Investments
Current assets
Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Pension liability
Net assets at 31 December 2020		 Unrestricted funds
Restricted
funds
£
-
-
-
79,269
-
-
-
Total funds
£
560,332
174,562
1,221,552
3,720,133
(2,952,506)
(120,000)
-
Nanjing
Fund
£
£
£
£
560,332
-
-
174,562
-
-
-
283,642
937,910
-
-
3,415,445
225,419
-
(2,952,506)
-
(120,000)
-
-
-
-
-
Investment
revaluation
reserve
Designated
funds
General
funds
614,894 283,642
1,400,849		 225,419 79,269
2,604,073

41

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

15. Analysis of net assets between funds (Continued) Association

Tangible fixed assets
Intangible fixed assets
Investments
Current assets
Current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Pension liability
Net assets at 31 December 2020		 Unrestricted funds Unrestricted funds Unrestricted funds Unrestricted funds
Restricted
funds
£
-
-
-
79,269
-
-
-
Total funds
£
488,505
-
1,371,555
2,426,245
(1,788,681)
(120,000)
-
Pension
liability
£
£
£
£
488,505
-
-
-
-
-
-
283,645
1,087,910
-
-
2,346,976
-
-
(1,788,681)
-
(120,000)
-
-
-
-
-
Investment
revaluation
reserve
Designated
funds
General
funds
368,505 283,645
1,646,205
-		 79,269
2,377,624

Investment revaluation reserve

The balance on the investment revaluation reserve is derived as follows:

Less: Historical costs of Investments (note 14)
Carrying value of Investments (note 14)		 2020
2019
£
£
1,221,552
1,167,866
(937,907)
(830,419)
Group		 2020
2019
£
£
1,221,552
1,167,866
(937,907)
(830,419)
Group		 2020
2019
£
£
1,371,555
1,317,872
(1,087,910)
(980,422)
Association		 2020
2019
£
£
1,371,555
1,317,872
(1,087,910)
(980,422)
Association
283,645 337,447
283,645		 337,450

16. Reconciliation of net movement in funds to net cash flow from operating activities

Adjustment for:
Amortisation charges
Impairment charges
Net losses / (gains) on investment assets
Investment income
Foreign exchange loss / (gain)
Decrease in stock
(Increase) / Decrease in debtors
Finance and admin costs in respect of defined benefit scheme
Depreciation charges
Net income for the year (as per Statement of Financial Activities)
Increase / (Decrease) in creditors		 2020
£
472,371
124,474
67,862
-
(40,826)
(23,450)
(90,000)
41,699
7,245
(801,387)
355,778		 2019
£
587,593
41,355
57,976
-
(129,571)
(32,050)
(75,000)
41,754
15,524
381,481
(215,778)
113,766 673,284

42

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

17. Analysis of cash and cash equivalents

nalysis of cash and cash equivalents
Cash in hand
Cash held in investments		 2020
£
1,381,923
18,414		 2019
£
1,769,171
23,335
1,400,337
1,792,506

18. Pension commitments Group and company

The group operates a Defined Benefit Pension Scheme.
The amounts recognised in the Balance Sheet are as follows:
Surplus not recognised
Surplus / (Deficit) in scheme at end of the year and available to the Association
Fair value of scheme assets
Present value of funded obligations		 2020
£
(3,084,000)
3,317,000
(233,000)		 2019
£
(3,127,000)
3,246,000
(119,000)
-
-

The latest actuarial valuation at 31 December 2020 shows a pension surplus of £119,000 (2019: £119,000). The surplus valuation results in 2020 is not recognised on the balance sheet as an asset because it is not available to the Association by way of reduced future contributions. Actuarial gains and losses arising from new valuations and from updating valuations to the balance sheet date are recognised in the statement of financial activities as other recognised gains and losses.

The amounts recognised in the Statement of Financial Activities are as follows:

The amounts recognised in the Statement of Financial Activities are as follows:
Movements in the present value of the defined benefit obligation were as follows:
Closing defined benefit obligation
Interest on obligation
Administration cost
Interest cost
Expected return on scheme assets
Opening defined benefit obligation
Actuarial losses
Benefits paid		 2020
£
(61,000)
63,000		 2019
£
(90,000)
86,000
2,000 (4,000)
2020
£
3,127,000
61,000
84,000
(278,000)
90,000		 2019
£
3,302,000
90,000
(80,000)
(260,000)
75,000
3,084,000
3,127,000

43

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

18. Pension commitments (continued) Group and company

Changes in the fair value of scheme assets were as follows:
Benefits paid
Closing fair value of scheme assets
Opening fair value of scheme assets
Expected return on assets
Actuarial gains
Contribution by employer		 2020
£
3,246,000
63,000
157,000
128,000
(278,000)		 2019
£
3,132,000
86,000
162,000
126,000
(260,000)
3,316,000 3,246,000

Group and company

The group expects to contribute £126,000 to its Defined Benefit Pension Scheme in 2021.

Principal actuarial assumptions at the Balance Sheet date (expressed as weighted averages):

2020 2019
Discount rate at 31 December 1.40% 2.00%
Future pension increases 2.95% 3.05%
Retail price inflation 3.00% 3.10%

Longevity assumptions as at 31 December 2020

Males (M) or Females (F) 31 December 2020 31 December 2019 Base table Club Vita base tables reflecting profile Club Vita base tables reflecting profile of of individual Scheme members, in line individual Scheme members, in line with with the 2019 formal actuarial valuation the 2019 formal actuarial valuation Future improvements CMI 2018 model with a long term rate of CMI 2018 model with a long term rate of improvement of 1.5% p.a. for males and improvement of 1.5% p.a. for males and 1.0% p.a. for females, calibrated to Club 1.0% p.a. for females, calibrated to Club Vita experience with a smoothing Vita experience with a smoothing parameter of Sκ =7.5 parameter of Sκ =7.5

44

INTERNATIONAL WATER ASSOCIATION

Notes to the Financial Statements

For the Year Ended 31 December 2020

Life expectancies as at 31 December 2020

Males (M) or Females (F)

Average future life expectancy (in years) for a pensioner aged 65 at 31 December 2020.

M F
23.1 24.0

19. Operating lease commitments

At 31 December 2020 the group had total commitments under non-cancellable operating leases as follows:

Group
Expiry date:
Under 1 year
Between 2 and 5 years
Between 5 and 10 years		 2020
£
75,495
1,132,425
1,132,425		 2019
£
69,654
-
2,340,345 69,654

20. Related party transactions

During the year Trustees received reimbursement of expenses as set out in note 7.

The following transactions took place during the year with the Trustee Dr Enrique Cabrera. Book royalties of £51 (2019: £51) was payable to Dr Enrique Cabrera and the total amount of £51 (2019: £51) was outstanding as at 31 December 2019.

The payment of royalties are made at standard rate with no preferential treatment due to their involvement with the Association.

Trustees are required to be members of the Association, for which they pay the Association a membership fee. Furthermore, they may from time to time purchase goods or services from the Association (e.g. books, journals, conference attendances.). The payment of fees or purchase of good or services are on normal commercial terms with no preferential treatment by virtue of being a trustee.

Other than the above, there were no related party transections to report in the period of report (2019: none)

45