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2024-03-31-accounts

COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 03709S49 CHARITY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 1075104 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Unaudited Financial Statements 31 March 2024 Chartered accountants 61 Macrae Road Ham Green Bristol BS20 ODD

The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Flnanclal Statements Year ended 31 March 2024 Page Trustees. annual report (incorporating the directorfs report) Independent examinerfs report to the trustees Statement of financial activities (including income and expenditure account) Statement of financial position Notes to the financial statements 10

Page 1 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantse Trustees. Annual Report (Incorporating the Directorfs Report) Year ended 31 March 2024 The trustees, who are also directors for company law. present their report and the charity's unaudited financial statements for the year ended 31 Marth 2024. Reference and admlnlstralive details Registered charity name The FathertKth InslÉtute Charity registration number 1075104 Company registration number 03709549 Principal office and rnglstered 57 Chevening Ro&J office Greenwich London SE10 OLA The trustees Iliam Mcdonakl Yusuf Chadun Jack O'sullivan Andrew Baud Shaddia Tembo (AppN)inted 26 February 2024) Company secretary Katherrne Jones Independent examiner Paul CridlarKI FCA Structure. governance. and managemert The Fatherhood Instttute is a regTStered charity, and a ￿rnPany limited by guarantee. The constitutional documents are the memorandum and artides of association. The Trustees of the Charity are also Diredors of the Company. The charity operates with a board of trustees that meet quarterly. Trustees have overall responsibiltty for financial management, organisation. and Complian￿ with the purposes of the charity. However. this responsibilty is devolved on a daY-t￿daY basis lo the Joint Chief Executives, who report to the trustees at each meeting.

Page 2 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Trustses. Annual Report (Incorporating the Directorfs Report) (contlnued) Year ended 31 March 2024 Objectives and aclivities The company is a ¢harty with the following objects: - to promote the protection and preservation of mental health amongst parents. in pa￿cU1arfathers. to promote the good health of children. both mental and physical, through enhancing understanding of the role of fathers in fulfilling the developmental and efflotional needs of children, and by promoting the acquisition by fathers of specific skills and knowledge that foster competent and nurture parenting= to advance public education in and promote research into the psychological, social, economic, or other influences on parents, in particular fathers, and to publish useful results of such research.. - to assist in relieving fathers in families from mental distress or emotional difficulties. and in educating professionals workers and volunteers on appropriate fomis of adv￿ and support for fathers. Public benefit The trustees confirm that they have referred to the guidance contained in the Charity Commission's general guidance on public benefit when reviewing the Trusvs aims and objectives. There is now a signrficant body of evidence which shows that children whose fathers have been highly involved in their care are more likely to have (amongst olher benefrts) better friendships, fewer behaviour problems. lower criminalty and substance abuse. higher educational achievement, greater capacity for empathy. more satisfying adult sexual partnerships, higher self-esteem, and life-satisfaction. The public benefit from our work comes from collating this research, making sure that parents, professionals. and policy makers are aware of the benefits of involved fatherhood. and training those working wilh parents lo achieve a higher level of involvement from fathers in caring for their children.

Page 3 The Fatherhood Institute Company Llmitsd by Guarantee Trustees, Annual Report {Incorporating the Directorfs Report) (coiJtin(*d) Year ended 31 March 2024 Achievements and perfornMnc• The activities in this financial yearwere: ESRC PIECE study: (Patsrnal Involvement and Its Effects on Chlldren's Education.) We are partners in this Ihree-yeai study, conducting the first longitudinal analysis in England, that explores the relationship betsveen fathers, childcare involvement and their children's attainment at primary school. Using household dats from the Millennium Corth study (MCS) linked with official educational records of children from the National Pupli Database in England, we are exploring whether, how and at what stsge fathers. childcare involvement affects children's attainment at primary school. We supported preparation for the launch of findings in summer 2023. The Nuffield Foundatlon: Contemporary Fatherd in the UK {TWO). We have been funded since 2014 to develop a comprehens5ve literature library of UK research on fathers, and to produce a series of research reviews with recornmendations for research, poliry and practice. Funding from the Nuffield Foundation this period has enabled u5 to complete and publish our sixth research review in autumn 2023. This research review. 'The kids are alright, covers UK fatherhood during the period of adolescence (10 - 25). Training and consuttancy. We trained over 3.600 health professionaIs. social workers. and family services praclitioners in father- inclusive practice in 23 - 24. These training and consultancy contracts were commissioned by English local authorities wilh funding from Department of Work and Pensions. Reducing Parental Conlticl fund and the Department for Educations, Fami￿ Hubs transformation fund in notably in Pelerborough and CambFidgeshire. Bimingham and Halton focused on father-indusive practice as well as rolling out our father-focused programmes, Famity Foundations, FRED and Becoming Dad. NewsletterJ and social medla. We sent out 7 e-newsletters to our database and grew our social rnedia following to just over 10,300 x￿Witter, 3,500 on Facebook and established a presence on {Instagram), 1081 followers. Our research reviews and opinion pieces were published in a number of national newspapers, five of these in December alone. We designed and built a new website. published in autumn 2023. Foundations: Improving Safeguarding through Auditing Father Engagement (ISAFE) Randomised Controlled Trial. We completed the final delivery phase of our Iw(>year ISAFE RCT, training the second cohort of soaal workers in three local aulhortties. Croydon, Surrey and Durham. We supported Ipsos, the evalualor, to gather dats from social workers to measure the impact of the intervention. Mercers Company: Father5 Reading Every Day. In September 2023 we commenced a four-year evaluated roll out of our FRED programme to the first of four cohorts of six early yearfs settings in Lambeth.

Page 4 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limitsd by Guarantee Trustees. Annual Report (Incorporating the Directorfs Report) (conttnued) Year ended 31 March 2024 Finan¢lal revlew The gross incoming resources for the year amounted to £385.249 of which £39,887 had to be used on restricted projects. General reserves increased from £80.895 10 £141.344. Reserve8 polley The unrestricted reserves at the Balance Sheet date amounted to £141.344. The reserves policy is to hold in unrestricted fvnds enough money to cover close down costs, should that eventuality arise. At 31 March 2024 that cost was estimated to be £20,000. The trustees plan to review the reserves policy in Ihe nexi finanaal year (24-25). The charity is not ￿rrentlY in a position to have an inveslment poky. Rl$k review The trustees have overall responsibilty for assessing risks faced by the organisation and ensuring that appropriate systems of control are in pla￿. Together wtth the senior management tearn, the trustees review the major finanaal, operational. reputational. and regulatory risks periodically. The organisation's most signtfiGant future risk may be the impact of the current govemmenvs policies aimed at reducing the national debt. Beyond 20242025, this may impact training budgets held by local authorilies, limiting their abilty to commission CPD for their worlrforces. We plan lo review our reserves strategy lo ensure the impact of this and of inflation is partially mitigated and our financial cushion bolstered. We also plan to revtew the S￿pe for developing our intemational work. so we have access to resources outside the UK. We have plans to secure new income beyond the end of current funding streams in 2023 24 including building fundraising partnerships with peer organisations. Intemally. financial risks are managed by the aLrthorisatian of a Trustee of payments over £10.000 and detailed adivty and financial reports are submitted to funders in relation to grants.

Page 5 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Trustees. Annual Report (Incorporatlng the Director's Report) (continued) Year ended 31 March 2024 Plans forfutureperlods Foundations: ISAFE. We will disseminate the evaluation find￿￿$ of our intep4ention to improve engagement with fathers in social care once they have been published by Ipsos in autumn 2024. Foundations: Fathers for Change. We have been funded by Foundations (the What Works Centre for Children's Social Care) lo undertake the evaluated adaptation and potential feasibilty study of a US intervention for fathers who have perpetrated domestic abuse. FourKlations: Changemakors: Faffdly Foundations. We will work with two sites, Stockp(xt, and York, to test a model for the embedding of evidence-based interventions in local authorities in partnership wf(h speaalist local eviden￿ leads. This work will begin in summer 2024 for two years. Mer¢ers: Fathers Reading Every Day. We will roll FRED into six further eaty years settings in Lambelh during the second of a four-year evaluated roll out of this reading for pleasure programme for fathers and children. Trainlng and consultancy: Champlons training. We will roll our three-day Champions training into five loc21 auihorities induding HaKon and Islinglon. We will promote FRED to early years settings in England. Small company provisions This report has been prepared in accordance wf(h the provisions applicable to companies entitled to the small companies, exemption. The Irustees. annual report was approved on 23 July 2024 and signed on behalf of the board of trustees by: KatherineJones Charity Secretary

Page 6 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantse Independent Examinerfs Report to the Trustees of The Fatherhood Institute Year ended 31 March 2024 I report to Ihe trustees on my examination of the financial statements of The Fatherhood Institute ('the charty'} for the year ended 31 March 2024. Responsibllltles and basls of report As the trustees of the company (and also tts directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the finanaal statements in a￿rdar￿￿ with the requirements of Ihe Companies Act 2006 fthe 2006 Act.). Having satisfied myse]f that the accounts of the company are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examinat￿n, I ieport in respect of my examination of the charity's acrnunts as carried out under section 145 of the Char5ties Act 2011 ('the 2011 Act,). In carrying out my examination I have followed the Diredions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act. Independent examinerfs statement Since the charity's gross income exceeded £250,000 your examiner must be a member of a body listed in section 145 of the 2011 Act. I confirm that l am qualified to undertake the examination because l am a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW). which is one of the listed bodies. I have completed my examination. I confimi that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe." accounting records were not kept in respect of the charity as required by section 386 of the 2006 Act: or the financial statements do not accord with those records" the financial statements do not comply with the accounting requirements of section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a 'true and fair, view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination" or the financial statements have not been prepared in accordan￿ with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practi￿ for accounting and reporting by charities applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordan￿ with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102).

Page 7 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Independent Examinerfs Report to the Trustees of The Fatherhood Institute (confynuedj Year ended 31 March 2024 I have no concems and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached. Paul Cridland FCA Independent &aminer 61 Macrae Road Ham Green Bristol BS20 ODD 23 Juty 2024

Page 8 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limlted by Guarantee Statement of Financial Activities lincluding income and expenditure account) Year ended 31 March 2024 2024 Restricted funds Total funds Total funds 2023 Unrestricted fvnds Income and endO￿nentS Donations and legacies Charitable activities Investment income 114 341.302 3,946 39.887 40,001 341,302 3.946 385.249 23,286 386,429 468 Total income 345,362 39.887 410,183 Expendi￿re Expenditure on Charitable activities Total expendlture 284,913 76.480 76,480 361.393 269,282 269,282 284,913 361,393 Net income and net movement in funds 60.449 (36.593) 23,856 140,901 Reconciliation of funds Total fvnds brought foward Totsl funds carried forward 80.895 173.365 254.260 113,359 141.344 136,772 278.116 254,260 The statement of financial activities includes all gains and losses recognised in the year. All incorne and expenditure derive from continuing activrties. The notes on pages 10 to 18 forni part of these flnanclal statsmgnts.

Pago 9 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Statement of Financial Positlon 31 March 9 2024 2023 Current assets Debtors Cash at bank and in hand 14 119.771 272,993 392,764 74,212 208,745 282,957 Creditors: amounts falling duo withln one year Net current assets 15 114.648 278.116 28,697 254,260 Total assets less current liabllltle8 278.116 254,260 Net assets 278.116 254,260 Funds ofthe charity Restricted funds Unrestricted funds 136.772 141.344 173.365 80,895 Totsl charity funds 18 278,116 254,260 For the year ending 31 March 2024 the tharty was entiued to exemptton frorn audtt under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small (x)mpanies. Directors, responsibilities.. The members have not required the company to obtain an audit of its finanoal statements for the year in question in accordance with section 476; The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Act with respect to accounting re￿rdS and the preparation of financial statements. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small cxjmpanies, regime. These financial statements were approved by the board of twstees and authorised for issue on 23 July 2024, and are signed on behalf of the board by: O'SLAII Jack O'sullivan Trustee The notes on pages 10 to 18 torni part of thgse financlal statements.

Page 10 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limlted by Guarantee Notes to the Financial Statements Year ended 10 March 2024 General infonnation The charty is a public benefit entity and a private o)mpany limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales and a registered chattty in England and Wales. The address of the registered office is 57 Chevening Road. Greenwich, London. SE10 OLA. Slalement of compliance These financial statements have been prepa￿d in compliance wth FRS 102, 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland., the Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparin9 their arxounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Stsndard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (Charities SORP (FRS 102)) and the Companies Act 2006. Accounting policies Basis of preparation The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, as rnodified to include Certain items at fair value. The finanaal statements are prepared in sterling, which 15 the fvnctional currency ofthe entty. Going concern The trusteesldireciors have prepared an income and expenditure forecast for the charity for the next 12 months. On the basis of this infomiation arKJ following discussions with aciual and potential funders. the trusteesldirectors are confident that expenditure will not significantly exceed income for the foreseeable fijture. Accordingty. the ttusteesldirectors consider il appropriate to prepare these financial sialements on the going concern basis. However. given the nature of the future income streams. which is dependent on a number of factors. there can be no cerlainty in relation to these matters. The financial statements therefore do not indude any adjustments that would be required rf suffiThent income were not to be received. Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements. estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. These estimates and judgements are continually reviewed and are based on experien￿ and other faciors. induding expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. We confirm that there are no critical judgements or estimates to note. Fund accounting Unrestricted funds are available for use at the disuel￿n of the trustees to further any of the charity's purposes. Restricted funds are subjected to restrictions on their expenditure dedared by the donor or through the temis of an appeal and fall into one of two sub-dasses.. restricted income funds or endowment funds. Income in the fomi of grants and projecl income are treated as restricted on the basis that they have been received for spe¢>fi¢ purposes as laid down by the donor.

Page 11 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantse Notes to the Flnancial Statements (condnuedj Year ended 31 March 2024 Accountlng policies (continueo) Incoming resources All income is induded in the statement of financial adiviiies when entitlement has passed to the charty, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will ftow to the charity and the amount can be reliabty measured. The following specific policies are applied to patticular categories of income" income from donations or grants is recognised when there is evidence of entitlement to the gifl, receipt is probable. and its amount can be measured reliably. income from contracts for the supply of se[w￿S is recognised with the delivery of the contracted servi￿. This is classified as unrestricted funds unless there is a ￿ntraCtual requirement for it to be spent on a paiticajlar purpose and returned rf unspent. in which case it may be regarded as restricted. government grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable. Grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the company wll comply with the conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received. - investment income is induded when receNable. Regources expended Expenditure is recognised on an accruals basis as a liability is incurred. Expendtture indudes any VAT which cannot be fully recovered, and is classified under headings of the statement of ffinanoal activities to which it relates". expenditure on Gharitable activities indudes all costs incurred by a charity in undertaking aclivities that fijrther its charitable aims for the benefrt of its benefiryaries, including those support costs and costs relating to the govemance of the charity apw)rboned to charitable activities. All costs are allocaled lo expenditure categories reflecting the use of the resouro. Direct costs attributable to a single activty are allocated directly to that activity. Shared (x)sts are apporknoned belween the activtties they contritMJte to on a reasonable, justifiable and consistent basis. DepTeciation Depreciation is calculated so as to write off the cost or valuation of an asset, less its residual value. over the useful emnomic life of that asset as follows-. Equipment Over 3 years

Page 12 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limlted by Guarantee Notes to the Financial Statements (¢onlinuerfJ Year ended 31 March 2024 Accounting policies (con Flnan¢lal Instruments A financial asset or a financ￿1 liabilty is recogntsed only when the entty becomes a paty to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at the amount receivable or payable including any related transaction costs, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where it is recognised at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument. Current assets and current liabilitie5 are subsequently measured at the cash or other considerats'on expected to be paid or received and not discounted. Debt instruments are subsequenuy measured at amortised GOSL Defined contributlon plans Contributions to defined Gontrit)ution plans are recognised as an expense in the period in which the related service is provided. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payments or a cash refund. Vilhen contributions are not expected to be setued wholty within 12 months of the end of the reporting date in which the employees render the related sepiice, the liability is measured on a discounted present value basis. The unwnding of the discount 15 reGognised as an expense in the period in vthich it arise5. Limtted by guarantee The company is limrted by guarantee. In the event of a viinding up, each trustee is limited to pay £1 each. At 31 March 2024. the numberof trustees was 4 {2023- 4). Donations and legacies Unrestricted Funds Restricted Total Funds Funds 2024 Donatlons Donations 114 Grants Nuffield Foundation 39,887 39.887 114 39,887 40,001 Unrestricted Funds Restricted Totsl Funds Funds 2023 Donations Donations 62 62

Page 13 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Notes to the Financial Statements (contlnuedj Year ended 31 March 2024 Donations and legacies (eonthiued) Unrestricted Funds Restricted Total Funds Funds 2023 Grants Nuffield Foundation 23,224 23,224 23,286 62 23,224 Charitable activities Unrestricted Funds Restricted Total Funds Funds 2024 Consultancy Publications Kids Planet What works for Children's Social Care FRED (Fathers Reading Every Day) 262,111 262.111 79,191 79.191 341.302 341.302 Unrestricted Funds Restricted Total Funds Funds 2023 ConsultanGy Publications Kids Planet hat works for Children's Socral Care FRED (Fathers Reading Every Day) 155,970 5,200 10,650 155,970 5,200 10,650 211,540 3,069 211,540 3,069 174,889 211,540 386,429 Inveslment income Unrestricted Total Funds Unrestricted Total Funds Funds 2024 Funds 2023 Bank interest receivable 3,946 3.946 468 468

Page 14 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) Year ended 31 March 2024 Expenditure on charitablo activlties by fund type Unrestricted Funds Restricted Total Funds Funds 2024 Wages and salaries Employeffs NIC Employer's pension Accountancy fees Consultancy fees Project expenses Administration costs Support Gosts 149.066 15.837 5,231 10.196 45.933 48,629 7.171 2,850 284,913 39,887 188.953 15,837 5,231 10,196 45,933 85,222 7.171 2,850 36,593 76,480 361.393 Unrestricted Funds Restricted Total Funds Funds 2023 Wages and salaries Employer's NIC Employer's pension Accountancy fees Consultancy fees Project expenses Administration costs Support costs 142,587 12,170 2,388 10,516 13,343 11,689 5,755 2,850 35.172 2,995 602 177,759 15,165 2,990 10,516 25,761 26,977 7,264 2,850 12.418 15,288 1.509 201,298 67,984 269,282 Expendlture on charitable activities by activity typo Activities undertaken directty Support Total funds 2024 Total fvnd 2023 Wages and salaries EmployeVs NIC Employe¢s pension Accountancy fees Consultancy fees Project expenses Administration costs Govemance costs 188,953 15.837 5,231 10.1 45,933 85,222 7.171 188,953 15,837 5,231 10,196 45,933 85,222 7,171 2,850 361,393 177,759 15.165 2,990 10.516 25,761 26,977 7,264 2,850 2,850 358,543 2,850 269,282 10. Analysis of support costs 2024 2023 Independent examination fees 2,850 2,850

Page 15 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Notes to the Financial Statements (conbnuedj Year ended 31 March 2024 11. Independent examination fees 2024 2023 Fees payable to the independent examiner for. Independent examination of the financiat statements 2,850 2,850 12. Staff costs The average head count of employees during the year was 4 (2023.. 4). The total staff costs and employee beneffts for the reporting period are analysed as follows.. 2024 2023 Wages and salaries Social security costs Employer contributions to pension plans 188,953 15,837 5,231 177,759 15,165 2,990 210,021 195,914 No employee received employee benefits of more than £60.000 during the year (2023: Nil). Key management personnel Key management personnel include all persons that have authority and responsibility for planning, directing. and controlling the activtties of the charity, these are represented by the Trustees and the joint CEOS. The total compensation paid to key management personnel for services provided to the charity was £83,374 (2023: £77.233). 13. Trustee remuneration and expens•s No remuneration or other benefits from empk)yment with the charity or a related entity were received by the trustees. No trustee expenses have been incurred. 14. Debtors 2024 2023 Trade debtors Prepayments and accrued income 119,756 15 74.212 119,771 74,212

Page 16 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Notes to the Financial Statements (coni?nued) Year ended 31 March 2024 15. Creditors: amounts falling due wthln one year 2024 2023 Trade creditors Accruals and deferred income Social security and other taxes other creditors 3.162 86.250 25,236 1,311 10,050 16,811 525 114.648 28,697 16. Deferred income 2024 2023 Amount defe￿ed in year 83,400 7,200 17. Pensions and other post-retirement benefits Defined contribution plans The amount recognised in income or expenditure as an expense in relation to defined contribution plans was £5.231 (2023: £2.990). 18. Anatysis of charitable funds Unrestricted funds At 31 March 20 24 At 1 April 2023 Income Expenditure Unrestricted Funds 80,895 345.362 (284,913) 141.344 At 31 March 20 23 1 April 2022 Income Expenditure Unrestricted Funds 106.774 175.419 (201,298) 80,895

Page 17 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Notes to the Financlal Ststements (eonthuerfj Year ended 31 March 2024 18. Analysis of charltsble funds (contmiued) Restricted funds At 1 Apn'l 23 At Income Expenditure 31 March 24 Nuffield Foundatton UCL wwscs 39.887 (39,887) 3,210 170.155 3.210 133,562 (36,593) (76,480) 173,365 39.887 136.772 At 1 April 22 At Income Expenditure 31 March 23 Nuffield Foundation UCL wwscs 23.224 (23,224) (3,375) (41,385) (67,984) 6,585 3.210 170,155 211.540 6.585 234.764 173,365 Nufflold Foundatlon: Funding enabled us to undertake a research rewew into adolescents and their fathers in the UK The kids are alright.. UCL: This grant funded our rose as c<Finvestigators in the feasibilty study for a proposed new Early Life Birth Cohort Study. wwcsc: This grand funded a RCT in seven local authorities of an intervention for social workers focused on improving falher-inclusive practice by auditing father engagement (ISAFE).

Pag8 18 The Fatherhood Institute Company Limited by Guarantee Notes to the Financial Statements (contlnued) Year ended 31 March 2024 19. Analysis of net assets belI￿n funds Unrestri¢ted Funds Restricted Total Funds Funds 2024 Current assets Creditors less than 1 year Nat assets 255.992 (114.648) 141.344 136.772 392.764 1114.648) 278.116 136,772 un￿tricted Funds Restricted Total Funds Funds 2023 Current assets Creditors less than 1 year Ngt assets 109,592 (28.697) 80,895 173.365 282,957 (28,697) 254,260 173,365 20. Financial instruments The carying amount for each Categ￿ of ffinancial instrument is a5 follow5: 2024 2023 Financial assets that are debt instruments measured at amortised cost Trade debtor5 119.756 74,212 Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost Trade creditors VAT and other taxes 3.161 17.564 19,558 9,139 20.725 28,697