2022-12-31-accounts

Charity No: 1073464 Company Number: 03695486

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY CONTENTS TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Trustees’ Report	1 - 24
Statement of Trustees’ Responsibilities	25
Independent Auditors’ Report	26 - 29
Statement of Financial Activity	30
Balance Sheet	31
Cashflow Statement	32
Notes to the Financial Statements	33 - 45

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

The Trustees present their report and the financial statements of The British Orthodontic Society ("the BOS" or "the Society") for the year ended 31 December 2022.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in the notes to the financial statements and comply with the Charities Act 2011, the Companies Act 2006, the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the charitable company, and Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019).

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

Charitable Objectives

The charitable objectives for which the charitable company was established are:

• to promote the study and practice of orthodontics;

• to maintain and improve professional standards in orthodontics; and

• to encourage research and education in orthodontics.

Charitable Activities

In pursuance of its overall charitable objectives, the charitable company's principal activity is the dissemination of information as it relates to orthodontics. This is principally achieved in the following key ways:

External Relations, Clinical Governance and Clinical Practice

• Providing a source of reliable up-to-date information on orthodontics and orthodontic practice for patients, the public, health authorities and dental professionals through publications, patient information leaflets (PILs), the Society's website, the media, and in response to personal enquiries.

• Maintaining and promoting the highest standards of patient care and sharing information about orthodontics with patients and parents, political bodies, and professional organisations.

• Providing active guidance and advice on orthodontics to individual members of the public when requested.

Professional Development and Education

• Providing continuing professional education for orthodontists through the British Orthodontic Conference and through meetings of the individual Groups of the Society.

• Developing electronic learning opportunities for the various stages of orthodontic education, for undergraduates, and for postgraduates at three levels - Dentists with Enhanced Skills, Specialist Registrars (StRs) and Post-CCST trainees.

• Developing electronic Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for the BOS members. In an increasingly demanding working life, electronic learning opportunities will enhance the educational capacity of busy orthodontic teachers and allow busy clinicians to conveniently update and advance their knowledge.

Research

• Advancing orthodontic knowledge by funding orthodontic research for the improvement of patient care through the BOS Foundation, the Awards programmes and publishing the Journal of Orthodontics.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Indicators, Milestones and Benchmarks

In assessing the success of the charitable company in fulfilling its objectives, the Trustees monitor a range of measures of performance that includes the following:

External Relations, Clinical Governance and Clinical Practice

• The number of patient information leaflets produced by the Society and the numbers sold.

• The number of revisions to patient information leaflets and additions to the range.

• The number of advice sheets and clinical effectiveness bulletins produced by the Society.

• The number of revisions to advice sheets and clinical effectiveness bulletins and additions to the range.

• The number of new publications and similar initiatives endorsed by the Society.

• The level of distribution of the Society's newsletter (BOS News).

• Feedback from readers on the quality and content of publications.

• The use being made of the Society's website, and feedback from the BOS members and the general public.

• The number of audit projects in which the Society has participated that are completed and published.

• The number of enquiries for the Society's views on topical issues, and the speed of response.

• The number of Society endorsed articles appearing in the dental press.

• Posts on the Society's social media sites (Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn).

Professional Development and Education

• The level of participation in Society meetings, particularly the main annual British Orthodontic Conference in terms of numbers attending and numbers of speakers and sessions.

• Feedback from participants on the quality and content of meetings, particularly in terms of their value for continuing professional education requirements.

Research

• The level of interest shown in research grants, awards, and prizes.

• The numbers of grants, awards, and prizes given.

• The number of issues of the Journal and the average number of articles per issue.

• The level of distribution of the Journal.

Public Benefit

The Trustees have taken The Charity Commission's general guidance on public benefit (contained within the recently revised guidance publication "Charities and Public Benefit") into consideration in preparing their statements on public benefit contained within this trustees' annual report.

Benefits & Beneficiaries

In accordance with its charitable objectives, the Society strives to promote the study and practice of orthodontics, to maintain and improve professional standards in orthodontics, and to encourage research and education in orthodontics. In doing so, the BOS seeks to improve the quality of dental care for the benefit of patients. The charitable company's ultimate beneficiaries are therefore patients, and benefits to patients are provided through the advancement of knowledge, practice, and standards in the specialty.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Trustees' Assessment of Public Benefit

In relation to the assessment of public benefit, the Trustees have resolved to focus on the following areas:

• To improve public awareness and education through the BOS website. The BOS website is continually undergoing enhancement to make public access simpler and more navigable. Success of these initiatives will be monitored through visits to the website, pages opened, and feedback received from visitors. The website underwent significant enhancements during 2022 which will continue into 2023.

• To explore ways of enhancing public feedback through the website, practices, and other communication methods.

• To continue to develop patient information leaflets and to monitor the sales of these leaflets as an indicator of direct service to the public by the BOS.

• To enhance patients' understanding of orthodontics by educational activities aimed at General Dental Practitioners and Regional Commissioning Teams.

Grant Making Policy

The Society offers a range of prizes, awards, and grants, which are the overall responsibility of the Research Directorate.

The allocation of funds for prizes and awards is mediated through the Scholarship and Awards Committee. Commercial companies sponsor some awards, and some are funded directly by the Society. Funding is also allocated for research projects through the British Orthodontic Society Foundation (BOSF), which funds research projects following open calls to the membership for grant submissions. The submissions are independently peer reviewed and this process is run via the Research Directorate.

Individual prizes and awards are governed by regulations approved by the Board of Trustees, and details of these regulations can be obtained upon application to the Society's offices and the BOS Website. There are now 17 awards and prizes made available each year by the Society. The awards and prizes have different requirements, ranging from presentation of clinical cases to essays to small research projects. The actual awards or prizes vary from certificates or medals to grants. Awards and prizes are advertised in the BOS News, by direct mailing to members and through the website. Over half the awards and prizes are aimed at the training grades in orthodontics.

The BOSF supports small to medium sized research projects. Every year donation and gift aid income is received by BOSF from members of the Society. Funds are allocated on a yearly basis for grants, which are invited from the research sector of the orthodontic community. The grant applications are screened to comply with BOSF regulations and are then sent to a panel of referees for assessment. The applications are sent to referees according to BOSF protocols and when the reports are returned, a final decision is made usually by the Director for Research and the BOSF chair (or another appointed member of the research committee if there is a conflict of interest for either of those individuals).

The BOS also supports audit projects throughout the year in practical terms - for instance by distributing surveys. Many of these audit projects (and others undertaken by the BOS members within a hospital environment) are published in an audit newsletter each year.

Combined, the BOSF and BOS have over £500,000 of forward commitments in the support of all projects.

Volunteers

In addition to the Trustees, the charitable company is also reliant upon the major support given by members, who contribute significant amounts of their time in the delivery of charitable activities. The Trustees are unable to reliably quantify the amount of time that volunteers provide towards the work of the charitable company, but nevertheless they are very grateful for that help.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Relationships with Related Parties and Representation on Other Bodies

The Society does not currently pursue its charitable objectives through relationships with any related parties or by representation on other bodies.

ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE

External Relations, Clinical Governance and Clinical Practice

The Clinical Governance Directorate (CGD) comprises the Ethics Committee, the Publications Committee, and the Audit Committee of the British Orthodontic Society. 2022 was another busy year for all three committees.

Director of Clinical Governance: Jadbinder Seehra

Group Leads

Ethics Alison Murray Audit Steve Chadwick Publications Karen Juggins Adverse Incidents Robert Smyth

Committees represented

• PWCHIWG - Profession-wide complaint handling initiative meetings (Othman Hameed is the BOS representative)

• PRSB - Professional Record Standards Body (Gavin Fenton is the BOS representative)

• RCS Clinical Standards Committee (Karen Juggins is the BOS representative)

• Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (Joe Noar is the BOS representative)

• Mental Health Wellness in Dentistry (Nima Amin is the BOS representative)

• National Peer Review Toolkit (Leonie Seager is the BOS representative)

General activities addressed

• Electronic PILs - The development of electronic patient information leaflets

• Patient Panel - The formation of structured Patient and Public Involvement groups to review BOS publications

• The reporting and logging of Adverse Incidents - In 2022 there were three incidents reported to the Society through our confidential reporting system

Ethics and standards items

Reporting of continuing issues affecting the Society or its members in relation to ethical or standards issues.

Audit items

BOS Clinical Effectiveness Bulletin (CEB): Articles published in 2022 CEB Spring and Autumn editions

• 1) Demineralisation during fixed appliance treatment: a two-cycle audit at a UK dental hospital. T Frawley, C Brierley

• 2) A retrospective two cycle audit to assess consultant compliance with the use of the Integrated Pathway of Care (IPOC) form. H McNaughton, P Oldfield, A Shelton

• 3) The Accuracy and Clarity of Orthodontic Extraction Letters; a clinical audit spiral for over 10 years. D Coffey, D Waring

• 4) Where do orthodontic patients seek help when routine orthodontic care stops? K Shaw, P Mooney, C Larmour (Data Collection), K Cowan

• 5) Bristol Dental Hospital combined orthodontic-orthognathic clinical record audit. R Al Koky, P Fowler, K House, T Jones

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

• 6) A cross-sectional service evaluation to assess patient satisfaction with the use of virtual consultation during COVID-19 pandemic for self-retainer fit and retainer reviews at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital. SH Sharara, H Khraishi, G Khoshkhounejad

• 7) Shima Hussein Sharara Post CCST in Orthodontics, Royal Alexandra Childrens Hospital & Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

• 8) An investigation of treatment duration of each of the various stages of combined orthodontic/orthognathic care at the Bristol Dental Hospital. R Al-Koky, P Fowler, K House, T Jones

• 9) A local audit of Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) score changes pre- and post-lockdown at the Orthodontic Department, King’s College Hospital, London. S Luqmani, G Mack, K Patel, K Downes-Lee

• 10) A combined audit and service evaluation to assess the effectiveness of protraction facemask treatment in a UK Dental Hospital. T Frawley, F Dyer

• 11) Improving compliance at retainer review appointments – a 2 cycle audit. I Murphy, D Ali, J Noar

• 12) An audit of orthognathic treatment outcomes for cases with an anterior open bite. Q Ong, S Caldwell

• 13) A two-cycle audit to assess the quality of digital lateral cephalogram radiographs at Liverpool University Dental Hospital. ZS Khan, H Stevenson, N Flannigan

• 14) Is periodontal health being reviewed prior to treatment commencement: A two-cycle audit. S Hasanally, R McDowall

• 15) A two-cycle audit on the readability of orthodontic letter templates, North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust. N Wade, G Fenton, S Germain

• 16) Do replacement retainer fees have an impact on the number of lost retainers? N McInnes, H Antov, R Little

• 17) A two cycle audit: The Oral Hygiene Status of New Patients referred by Community Dentists for Orthodontic treatment. A Williams, S Alam-Sabah

• 18) Effectiveness of a modified bonding technique to repair fixed appliances during the COVID 19 pandemic. R Bradley, T Oyeleye, E Pether, P Ellis, H Bellis

• 19) A local two-cycle audit of orthodontic trainees recording treatment progress. SL Tan, E Dunbar, F Stoops

• 20) A Second Audit Cycle on Patient Waiting Times for Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic treatment of Ectopic Canines- Are We Meeting the Targets? SA Suleman, MA Suleman, J Shah

• 21) Demographic Trends and Patient satisfaction with Orthodontic Treatment at Royal Surrey Hospital Foundation Trust: A 6-year prospective cycle. S Singh, G Minhas, N Taylor, S Grewal

• 22) Minimum Standards for Orthodontic Electronic Health Records: Closing the Audit Loop J Quek, R McDowall

• 23) A 2-cycle knowledge-based audit: knowledge of the syndromes associated with supernumerary teeth among orthodontic clinicians in Eastman Dental Hospital. IEJ Liew, S Keshtgar, N Amin, P Acharya

• 24) The prevalence of caries in NHS patients referred for orthodontic assessment: A two-cycle multiregional audit. L Seager, O Bowyer, A Chadwick, P Barton, A Patel, M Tindell, F Hawkins, K Finnigan, P Dowsing, J Scholey, J Shah, K Juggins, K, N Ahmed, O Yacoob, I Shargill

• 25) Implementation of a Was Not Brought (WNB) pathway in an Orthodontic Department. M AlHassani, R McDowall

• 26) An audit of image quality and compliance with new standards of lateral cephalometric radiographs in a District General Hospital. M Lone, A Brown

• 27) A retrospective local re-audit of the quality of clinical photographs and the occlusal accuracy of intraoral scans for orthodontic records. M Lyons-Coleman, P Scott

• 28) A two-arm local retrospective and prospective audit to assess multiple bond failures during the COVID-19 recovery phase. G Minhas, E Crawford, S Luqmani, S Wu

• 29) The quality of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken for orthodontic/orthognathic purposes at University Dental Hospital (UDH), Cardiff: A local two-cycle audit. SN Juman, N Drage, SJ Merrett

• 30) A 2-cycle audit of the quality of referrals to the joint orthodontic-paediatric clinic at Leeds Dental Institute. Hamid A, Brown L, Dhaliwal HK

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

CEB Editorial team

Harmeet Dhaliwal current CEB Editor Sub-editors: Northern Ireland/Scotland: Paul Sharma North: Tarun Mittal South East: Suhaym Mubeen South West: Tim Jones

BOC CEB 2022 Audit prize winners

• 1st prize: Orthodontic clinicians’ knowledge of the Basic Periodontology Examination (BPE) and the new periodontology classification. S Keshtgar, S Goh, K Parker, S Hodges. Edition 47, December 2021

• 2nd prize: Improving compliance at retainer review appointments – a 2 cycle audit. I Murphy, D Ali, J Noar. Edition 48, June 2022

• 3rd prize: Effectiveness of a modified bonding technique to repair fixed appliances during the COVID 19 pandemic. R Bradley, T Oyeleye, E Pether, P Ellis, H Bellis. Edition 48, June 2022

Audit project funding

• Application round was advertised in 2022. Three applications were received. Two projects reviewed and approved: A national audit to assess current service provision for hypodontia (Awarded £18,000.00) and National Audit to assess access to Hypodontia MDT care pathways and access to provision of NHS restorative care (Awarded £600.00).

National audits

• National Audit of Orthognathic Patient Satisfaction in Wales with Long Term Follow Up as a Quality Improvement Project (Jennifer Galloway) (On-going).

• All I want for Christmas is my two front teeth: An audit to assess the referral and management of unerupted maxillary incisors (Sheena Kotecha) (Completed – Report submitted June 2022. Findings submitted for publication).

Surveys distributed to BOS membership during 2022

• Numeracy and risk communication among dental professionals

• Cross-sectional study to assess the (dental) autotransplantation referral pathways and treatment provision.

• Hypodontia survey

• Survey of clear Aligner practice

• Post-CCST training questionnaire and Post-CCST training for prospective trainees

Publication items

• All PILs are up to date. We sold in the region of 300,000 leaflets in 2022, in 528 separate parcels for an average sized delivery of 568 PILs per order. The plan for 2023 beyond is to streamline this service by outsourcing the physical distribution of the leaflets and to direct purchasing of the PILS through the shop page on the BOS website

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

• Advice sheets

The following advice sheets have been reviewed, updated and uploaded on the website:

• Communications and how to handle complaints

• Guidelines for management of ingested/inhaled foreign bodies

• Oral Piercings

• Orthodontic management of patients with relevant medical histories

• Orthodontic records collection incl. 3D Computer records

• Supervision of qualified orthodontic therapists

• Role of the orthodontist in maintaining oral health

• Tooth Autotransplantation

• Remote monitoring of treatment

• New advice sheet developed: Duties and responsibilities of expert witnesses.

• New Guidance document developed: Guidance on teledentistry and remote interactions in orthodontic care.

Patient videos

Following patient videos produced and available on BOS You Tube channel:

• Looking after your brace

• Your orthodontic retainers

• Risks of orthodontic treatment

• Risks of orthodontic Treatment

• Your Twin Block

Subtitles are available on the BOS video ‘looking after your brace and teeth’ to allow these videos to be played in many languages.

Website

• Currently undergoing extensive enhancements and redesign. Due for launch Q2 2023.

Social Media

• Big push for followers on BOSbraces – Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter

• Keep**Smiling campaign hugely successful with many secondary care units involved

• KeepBritainSmiling - Instagram – growing and are hoping to partner with the Premier League Primary Stars in 2023 to promote healthy eating and healthy smiles.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Professional Development and Education

Group/Meeting	Date Held	Venue	No. Delegates	No. Speakers
TGG MOrth Study Day	13 January 2022	Zoom	123	8
Virtual CriticalAppraisal - Advanced course	17 - 18 January 2022	Zoom	31	1
UTG Webinar	2 February 2022	Zoom	21	5
Practitioner Group Study Day	5 February 2022	Stratford Manor Hotel, Stratford-upon-Avon	60	6
CBCT Level 1	12 February 2022	Zoom	42	3
CBCT Level 2	25 February 2022	MANDEC	16	3
CBCT Level 2	26 February 2022	MANDEC	15	3
Consultant Orthodontist Group Symposium	3 - 4 March 2022	RCPS, London	125	13
PAR Training Course	7 March 2022	BOS HQ, London	25	3
IOTN Course	8 March 2022	BOS HQ, London	23	3
Necessity is the Mother of Invention	11 March 2022	Zoom	7	1
PAR Training Course	22 April 2022	BOS HQ, London	17	3
IOTN Course	23 April 2022	BOS HQ, London	19	3
Community Group Study Day	28 April 2022	StBride Foundation, London	13	6
Orthodontic Therapist National Training Day	6 May 2022	Zoom	50	6
Orthodontic Therapist National Training Day	6 May 2022	BOS HQ, London	24	6
OSG Spring Meeting	18 June 2022	RCPS, London	38	9
TGG ISFE Study Day	27 June 2022	Zoom	36	7
2 DayCritical Appraisal Workshop	21 - 22 July 2022	Zoom	15	1
So Now You’re an Orthodontist	9 September 2022	Zoom	56	6
Pre-Conference Course - Autotransplantation	14 September 2022	ICC, Birmingham	58	2

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Pre-Conference Course – PAR Training	14 September 2022	ICC, Birmingham	21	3
BOC 2022	15 –17 September 2022	ICC, Birmingham	966 Physical 213 Virtual	65
Level 1 CBCT Course	26 October 2022	Zoom	27	2
So,you want to be an orthodontist?	11 November 2022	Jury’s Inn, Sheffield	42	9
CBCT Level 2	11 November 2022	BOS HQ, London	16	2
CBCT Level 2	12 November 2022	BOS HQ, London	16	2
So you want to be an orthodontist?	25 November 2022	BOS HQ, London	40	9
IOTN Course	26 November 2022	St George’s Conference Centre,	20	2
Wellness of the Orthodontic Team	29 November 2022	~~Leeds~~ Zoom	58	2
BOC Birmingham?Online Access	Available until 31 December 2022	Webinar	6

The Society holds one main scientific meeting each year for the continuing education of its members and other orthodontic providers - the British Orthodontic Conference (BOC). In 2022 this was successfully held in Birmingham. The 2023 Conference will be held at the QEII Centre in Westminster, London on 2830th September 2023.

The Society is the main provider for orthodontic CPD in the United Kingdom. For continued GDC registration, compliance with GDC set verifiable CPD levels is a statutory requirement for dentists, orthodontists and Dental Care Professionals (Dental Nurses, Hygienists, Therapists and Technicians). From 2018, the statutory requirement for verifiable CPD increased from 15 hours to 20 hours increasing the importance of the Society’s role as a CPD provider. The GDC requirements for enhanced CPD also changed in 2018. The BOS Education Committee produced a quality assurance document in response to this and now ensure that all BOS - run CPD events meet the new requirements and that certification links to the GDC development outcomes. The Education Committee review the feedback from all the courses they organise and ensure that the findings are relayed to the speakers. At the committee meeting following any course, the feedback and reflection are discussed, and decisions made as whether to repeat a course and whether changes to the content or format are required.

Through its 1 and 2-day courses, the Education Committee tries as far as possible to cater for the interests of the whole orthodontic team. The BOS runs dedicated sessions within the main BOC programme for orthodontic nurses and orthodontic therapists, as well as arranging courses and online learning for them through the VLE. Each constituent Group of the Society also runs its own meetings for educational purposes, details of which are contained in the table above.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

During the pandemic educational events became virtual but as restrictions were eased, we were able to return to a face-to-face format. A decision was made to run the 2022 British Orthodontic Conference as a hybrid event and given the virtual format was so positive, without a reduction in numbers of physical attendees, a decision has been made to continue delivering the BOC virtually in 2023 and likely beyond.

Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)

The BOS continues to fund a Moodle based VLE, administered by the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. This provides a variety of CPD activities for all members of the orthodontic team.

For Orthodontic trainees there are two programmes, the National Orthodontic Programme (NOP) designed for ST1-3 trainees on the MOrth programme and the post-CCST area for ST4-5 trainees. There is also a dedicated DCP area, as well as a general members’ area.

During 2022, the Education Committee finalised material for a new module for the NOP on aligner therapy. It is expected this will be available in the VLE in 2023. The committee has also been working on new VLE modules for both DCPs and new specialty trainees on orthodontic photography, impressiontaking and digital scanning. A new module for DCPs on managing patients with additional needs is also under development, as well as a new module on shared decision-making for all members of the orthodontic team. It is expected all new modules will be finalised during 2023.

A review of specialty training curricula continued during 2022 and is expected to be completed in 2023. Once the curriculum is approved, the Education Committee will begin working on a review of the existing modules on the NOP, as well as developing new modules to meet the requirements of new curriculum.

ProDental

All BOS members have free access as part of their membership fee to ProDental CPD which provides core CPD as specified by the GDC.

During 2022, the Education Committee continued to collaborate with ProDental over the potential to develop more CPD resources for General Dental Practitioners. A decision was reached to continue with core CPD only for the time being, The Society is currently considering how we wish to provide CPD for General Dental Practitioners and newly-qualified dentists in future.

British Orthodontic Conference (BOC)

The Conference in 2022 was held in Birmingham 14-17[th] September 2022 at the ICC. Attendance was excellent and feedback on organisation was rated as 92.6% excellent/very good and content 84.5% excellent/very good. For the second year the conference was hybrid and will remain so.

The online version remains popular during the conference. After BOC delegates can continue to view the content online for a further 3 months.

The 2023 Conference will be held at the QEII Centre in Westminster, London on 28-30th September 2023.

Other educational events

During 2022, the Education Committee delivered a varied and interesting programme of face-to-face, hybrid and virtual educational events suitable for all members of the orthodontic team.

The committee collaborated with the British Society of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology to develop an exciting new bespoke course for orthodontists on cone beam CT (CBCT). This course is formed of 2 parts. The first part (Level 1) consists of a series of virtual asynchronous lectures providing core training, followed by a synchronous virtual Q&A session with the course presenters at the end of the viewing window. The second part (Level 2) is a face-to-face course involving manipulation of CBCT images. The course has proved hugely popular with members: it was run twice during 2022 and both events were oversubscribed. The collaboration will continue in future as the course is developed further to best meet the needs of members.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

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The Society was able to begin delivering its own IOTN and PAR training courses for the first time during 2022. These courses have proved extremely popular with both BOS and ONG members and several were run during the year.

A national virtual post-CCST seminar programme, piloted in 2021, was rolled out in April 2022 and feedback on each event to date has been extremely positive. The Education Committee has co-opted a member of the Training Grades Group onto the committee to ensure continued successful delivery of the programme.

Critical appraisal courses continued to be delivered on a virtual basis during 2022. This format is welcomed by the post-CCST trainees for whom these courses are primarily targeted and feedback is always very positive. These courses will continue to be delivered on a virtual basis in future.

For dentists with a special interest in orthodontics, it was intended to run a further instalment of the ‘Pearls, pitfalls and professional development’ series of courses begun in 2019. Unfortunately, the course was cancelled at short notice due to the withdrawal of a number of delegates, but it is intended to provide the course during 2023. The Society is keen to continue to support dentists with a special interest in orthodontics in developing their skills and knowledge. Further events for the Practitioner Group in future will be developed based on feedback from the group.

For DCPs, the ever-popular National Orthodontic Therapy Training Day was run again during 2022 on a hybrid basis, allowing both in-person and virtual attendance. This format was extremely well-received by delegates and feedback was extremely positive. It is intended to continue with the hybrid format in future. The Society remains committed to providing CPD for DCPs.

Research

• The Directorate of Research is one of six directorates established in 2012 to cover the range of activities within the British Orthodontic Society. During 2022, the Directorate consisted of the following individuals: • Director: Professor Susan Cunningham

• BOSF Lead: Dr Fiona Ryan

• BOSF Treasurer: Ms Maria McNally (completed the role at the end of 2022)

• Scholarships and Awards: Dr Susi Caldwell

• Editor Journal of Orthodontics: Professor Martyn Cobourne - Professor Cobourne completed his term of office at the end of 2022 and Dr. Jayne Harrison has now taken on this role

• Website coordinator: Dr Hanieh Javidi

• Committee member (shadowed during late 2022 and formally commenced her term of office at the beginning of 2023): Dr Sarah Rolland

The specific roles of the Research Directorate are to:

• Develop and implement the BOS research strategy, including initiatives at a national and/or international level to coordinate orthodontic research;

• Supervise and administer all research grants, fellowships, scholarships, prizes, and awards offered by the Society;

• Oversee the optimal use of the BOS financial research resources;

• Undertake initiatives which raise funds to support such grants and awards primarily through the British Orthodontic Society Foundation; and

• To develop and seek collaborative funding from outside bodies, including the Royal Colleges.

The British Orthodontic Society Foundation (BOSF)

The BOSF aims to raise money, principally from Society members, to support the highest standards of research in orthodontics.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

During 2022 there was a definite return to more normal research activity, following the COVID pandemic. BOSF continued to allow ad hoc applications for research funds rather than having a single time point for applications and there were several new applications. Research that was already funded also progressed during the year. Some projects are still dealing with significant delays due to the pandemic and we are working with the researchers in an attempt to ensure successful completion of these projects.

Continued good quality research remains a strong focus for the Society and existing projects – total commitment is listed in brackets - which continued to be funded through the BOSF during 2022 were:

1. Hanieh Javidi (£243,113) Does Orthodontics improve Oral Health-related Quality of Life? This is a joint BOSF/RCS Fellowship to encourage young researchers who wish to undertake research careers and usually funds research at PhD level.

2. Jad Seehra et al. (£53,983) Management of Impacted permanent maxillary central incisors.

3. Peter Day et al. (£75,000) The impact of premature extraction of primary teeth on orthodontic treatment need in a longitudinal birth cohort.

4. Jayne Harrison et al. (£49,011) A randomised, controlled trial to assess the effect of different modes of fluoride delivery on enamel demineralisation, during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

5. Andrew DiBiase et al (£47,673): Does orthodontic treatment have an effect on peer relationships, behaviours and bullying in school children?

6. Peter Mossey et al. (£99,082): Fixed versus conventional removable twin block for overjet reduction in children - a randomised clinical trial to investigate the burden of care.

7. Ninu Paul et al. (£5,200) A qualitative study of orthognathic MDT clinics across England.

8. Jennifer Haworth et al. (£14,950) The use of digital wafer technology in orthognathic surgery.

9. Philip Benson and Jayne Harrison (£52,637) UK orthodontic specialty trainees: Exploring career expectations, motivations and aspirations: A qualitative study.

10. Farnaz Parvizi et al. (£28,475) The Effect of Patient Complaints on the Well-being of the Orthodontic Workforce.

11. Trishna Patel et al. (£11,081.08) Patient experience of intraoral scanning versus alginate impressions in orthodontics: a randomised controlled crossover trial.

During 2022, it was agreed that the following new projects would be funded:

1. Daniel Stonehouse-Smith et al. (£36,652.12) Analysing the cellular mechanisms of cleft palate. This is a joint BOSF/RCS Fellowship to encourage young researchers who wish to undertake research careers and usually funds research at PhD level.

2. Farooq Ahmed et al. (£58,593) A randomised clinical trial investigating duration of orthodontic alignment using Dental MonitoringTM-scheduled appointment intervals.

Scholarship and Awards (S&A) 2022

Susi Caldwell has been responsible for Scholarship and Awards (S&A) throughout 2022.

Scholarship and Awards (S & A) aims to encourage the pursuit of excellence in research and clinical care through our prizes.

BOC 2022 Birmingham allowed the presentation of awards from the past 12 months in the main auditorium, with each prize winner receiving personal congratulations from the Honorary Patron Steve Rudge. In addition, the venue had sufficient space to allow the display of all posters (Research, Clinical Effectiveness and Aspiring Orthodontist) and clinical prizes (MOrth cases prize, and Practitioner prize) which had not been possible the previous year. The posters and cases were also available on the conference app. This also allowed pre-conference judging which improved the overall smooth running of these prizes.

The only two BOS/BOC prizes that were not awarded in 2022 were the Maurice Berman prize for clinical excellence and the BOS award to an Orthodontic Technician for Distinguished service.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

There have been no entries for the Maurice Berman prize for 4 years. This is not the longest period in the history of the prize that it has not been awarded, there was a previous period of 5 years. This year steps have been taken to promote the prize at BOC, in the BOS news, COG symposium and at the OSG meetings, to remind experienced specialists that it is available for entry. It is hoped that this will stimulate interest in either 2023 or 2024. Potential consideration is also be given to reviewing the eligibility criteria, to bring down the number of years’ experience required prior to entry. Younger members maybe more inclined to enter.

There has been a review of the name and entry criteria of the MOrth cases prize and BOS medal. The main points:

1. The name has been changed to the BOS cases Prize and Medal.

2. The aim continues in the spirit of the original prize. Which is a trainee ST1-3 / pre-Membership examination prize for two high quality cases completed during the training period. Presented in a template that would be recognisable to those who have submitted cases for an MOrth examination.

3. The existing entry criteria are sufficiently broad so that trainees, who take an examination at a college with no case requirement, could still submit cases, provided they were written up on the template.

4. The TGG representative on the committee has promoted the prize to their group membership, so that trainees are still aware of the opportunity.

There are three other prizes that are likely to require changes in the eligibility criteria to reflect changes in training pathways.

These are:

1. Houston PG research Prize – Best Masters completed in the last 12 months.

2. UTG Research prize (this will also undergo a name change when the group changes name)

3. Research Protocol Prize – Best protocol in the first 18 months training.

These will be reviewed over the next 12 months.

Thank you to all the sponsors of our awards, to the judges who give their time and expertise in the selection of our winners, and to Ann Wright and the Society team who organize a suite of prizes covering aspiring orthodontists to established experts in orthodontic research, respecting our traditions but embracing future technology in a manner we should be proud to celebrate as a Society.

The following Achievement Awards were made during 2022:

• BOS Life membership: Andrew DiBiase

• Honorary Patrons Cup: Grant McIntyre

• BOS Special Service Award: Farnaz Parvizi, Sue Power, David Waring

• BOS Recognition Award: Chris Baker, Neil Hillyard

• Chapman Prize: Ama Johal

• Geoffrey Fletcher Prize: Paula Sinnott

• Houston Research Scholar: Olivia Johnson-King

• Laurence Usiskin Student Elective Scholarship: Sneha Lopes

• Research Protocol: Yana Sabbagh, Supervisor: Stephen Chadwick, Countess of Chester

Journal of Orthodontics (JOR)

Professor Martyn Cobourne (King's College, London) is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal. In 2023 he will hand over to Jayne Harrison. Farhad Naini, Jayne Harrison, Tony Ireland and Robert Evans are the Associate Editors; Clinical Sub-Editors are Sophy Barber, Ashish Dhopaktar, Ben Lewis, Gavin Mack, Howard Moseley and Fiona Ryan. Christo Hall, a part-time Editorial Assistant, assists in commissioning high quality content for JOR.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Submissions

The Journal of Orthodontics published four print issues in 2022.

There were 162 manuscript submissions, the majority originating from the India (35)

	2019	2020	2021	2022
Number of submissions	151	261	182	162

India is the top-submitting country with 35, followed by the UK with 33, Brazil with 18, Italy with 8 and United States with 7.

Public Benefit

During 2022, the Trustees gathered the following evidence that demonstrates to their satisfaction that the Society continues to benefit the public through its activities targeted to achieve its charitable objectives:

There were a significant number of emails and telephone calls to the BOS from members of the public during 2022. Most of these were responded to within 24/48 hours. At present the Head Office team at Bridewell Place are available for 9 hours per day, 5 days a week to respond to queries. Ann Wright and her colleagues covered the following issues, amongst many others:

• Access difficulties, moving area and finding a new orthodontist to transfer to

• Private v NHS treatment

• Difficulties in obtaining and continuing treatment in relation to Covid

• Issues with outcome of treatment

• Cost of private treatment

• Problems arising for patients following on from the procurement process

• Criteria for acceptance for NHS orthodontic treatment

• Waiting lists issues

• Finding an orthodontist and obtaining second opinions

• Retention, especially the regulations on payment for replacement retainers

• Issues around practices closing and continuity of care

The Society has put considerable resources into continually monitoring the website in order that it is more user-friendly and provides a comprehensive range of information for both the public and members. The enhancements, redesign and relaunch of the website in Q2 2023 should all go to improving the customer experience.

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Financial Results of Activities and Events

The Directors continue to oversee their individual budgets and work closely with the Honorary Treasurer with respect to this.

External Relations, Clinical Governance and Clinical Practice

The publications of the Clinical Governance Directorate continue to be very popular and provide essential guidance for members of the Society and patients. The costs are in Central Services. This includes printing and distribution of material such as the CEB and Public Information Leaflets (PILs). This was done so that all printing costs could be covered centrally. Income from PILs was £36,198 (2021: £45,315).

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

The Clinical Practice Directorate has been less active than in previous years due to the fact that most of the new orthodontic contracts are now in place in England (different payment systems are in place in Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland) some travelling expenses were incurred when compared with 2020 when none were incurred due to the pandemic but it is anticipated that travelling expenses will rise again in 2022 as face to face meetings and events are happening again. Travel expenses in 2022 were £13,976 (2021 £9,536).

Research

The Journal of Orthodontics generated a direct income of £84,858 (2021 £89,758).

In 2022, the BOSF donation income was £10,575 (2021 £12,457) and one of the discussion points for 2023 and beyond is how to increase members and other donations to BOSF.

Market Review of 2022

After many years of holding interest rates at historically low levels, the key central banks such as the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England began a concerted policy of regularly raising them in order to tackle the rampant rise of post Covid inflation and the further upward price pressures stemming from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February. The UK base rate moved from 0.25% at the start of 2022 to 3.5% by the end of it. The era of cheap money that had existed for well over a decade was truly over and it had a massive impact on many global stock market indices. Overall, the S&P 500 fell by 19% in 2022, one of the 10 worst performing years for that stock index in at least 90 years.

Investments Policy & Performance

The Trustees are empowered to invest the surplus funds of the Society as they see fit. In practice, the Trustees have appointed Quilter Cheviot as the Society’s investment managers, to administer and advise on the Society’s investment portfolio and all surplus funds are invested through them.

The investment managers are under instructions to grow the portfolio to a sufficient size to be in the position to fund scholarships and larger research studies. There are no restrictions placed by the Trustees on the nature of investments to be held, but the investment managers are expected to balance the type of investments to achieve a medium risk profile. The Trustees discuss and decide annually on the level of investment once the free reserves of the Society are confirmed following the audit of the financial statements.

In practice, Quilter Cheviot run a charity specific fund, namely the Global Income and Growth Fund for Charities . The fund has returned an average of 2.7% for the 3 period 1/1/2020 to 31/12/2022. Though this averaging masks a loss of -11% for calendar 2022. As noted in the section above, this was not entirely surprising given the negative performance of the most influential global stock market indices.

Leaving 2022 aside, the overall return by Quilter Cheviot of 2.7% per annum in the past three years is not dissimilar to other funds in the same investment category; though there are notable exceptions of higher returns by other investment managers. See table below which has a timescale of 3 years to Aug 31, 2023

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Courtesy of the Financial Times

Overall, losses on the Society’s investments amounted to £-269,331 (2021 £+200,875), a decline of over 13%. As an investor in the global financial markets, the BOS was not alone in suffering a loss of this magnitude. By way of example, in the first half of 2022, the S&P 500 fell by 21%, its worst 6 months start to a year performance since 1970. The FTSE 100 fared better over the course of 2022 posting a gain of nearly 1% for the year, but the charity’s portfolio only has around a third of its asset allocation exposure held in UK equity.

A total of £300,000 was withdrawn from the main investment fund this year, in part to fund the educational discount of £100 that was offered to all BOS members to assist in their continuing professional development.

We continue to monitor the fund’s performance on a regular basis and speak with those running the portfolio to ensure the Society’s best financial interests are being maintained. The BOS holds £1.45M of liquid assets within its investment portfolio which is more than sufficient to continue its charitable activities into 2023 and the years beyond.

Going concern

In reviewing 2022, the Treasurer was understandably concerned about the Society’s overall financial performance. As we have seen, this was in part due to a very steep fall in the value of investment funds under management, resulting from negative global stock market returns. The Trustees remain confident that the charitable company will continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and be able to meet all of its financial obligations as they fall due for a period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of these financial statements.

Based on the charitable company’s forecasts and action plans, the Trustees consider it is appropriate for the financial statements to be prepared on the going concern basis. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that would result should the going concern basis of preparation not be appropriate. In the event that this basis is not appropriate provisions may be required and assets may need to be written down to their recoverable amount.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Reserves Policy

In 2021 The Trustees agreed that unrestricted funds not committed or invested in tangible fixed assets (“the free reserves”) should not fall below £500,000. Despite the decline in investments during 2022, the Trustees maintain this figure remains appropriate to enable the current activities of the charity to continue, even if unanticipated events resulted in expenditure that had not been budgeted for.

At 31 December 2022 the Society had free reserves of £1,107,367 (2021: £1,626,782), which is approximately £607,367 more than the reserves policy.

In addition to unrestricted funds, at 31 December 2022, the charitable company also held restricted reserves totalling £491,533 (2021 £603,643).

Risk and Corporate Governance Matters

The Society places a high value on risk management, with a focus on identifying potential risks that may compromise the ability to fulfil our key aims, and then putting in place approaches to mitigate these risks. The risks to which the Society is exposed are reassessed and reviewed by the Trustees on a regular basis at each of the 4 board meetings per year. Individual Trustees are given an area of risk management to keep under review, but all Trustees are involved in updating the final risk register.

A complete risk assessment is undertaken on a yearly basis. This updates the previous year’s risk assessment and adds to or amends any risk issues. If a new risk factor is identified during the yearly cycle, then the Trustees responsible for the appropriate area of risk management will investigate, make recommendations, and action any agreed strategy to mitigate that risk. The risk register is maintained by the Honorary Secretary.

The major risks to which the charity is currently exposed are financial (loss of funding resulting in being unable to support research and other similar activities of the Society), organisational (loss of support of Society volunteers), governance related (failure to identify that professional advice should be sought) and reputational (loss of engagement with the Society’s audience being the public, members and associated outside bodies) and effect of external bodies on provision of orthodontics funded by the NHS. These risks are reviewed at least every three months at suitable meetings of the Board of Trustees via a risk register. The major changes in the risk register in the last year are due to an increase in the financial challenges resulting from a number of external factors, and a decrease in the factors that had previously reduced our normal charity activity as a result of the global covid pandemic.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

The British Orthodontic Society is developing a great commitment to sustainability, in terms of how the society is run, and also advising its members on how they can adopt a more sustainable approach to clinical practice. A Working Party was established during the course of this year under the guidance of a renowned third party CSR expert to help support the charity and support the drive for change.

PLANS FOR FUTURE PERIODS

Future Strategy

External Relations, Clinical Governance and Clinical Practice

The Society intends the continued development of:

• The BOS News to inform the BOS membership;

• The BOS website and associated social media feeds;

• The development of patient information videos; and

• The development and support of the Safesmiles campaign along with the Oral Health Foundation

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The Society will continue to provide patient information leaflets. New titles will be developed, and the older versions will be updated as needed. All leaflets will now contain the new BOS branding and appropriate QR codes. These leaflets are available for downloading, for members, from the website.

The Society will continue to develop a resource centre of material to aid NHS authorities and members of the Society in developing local services effectively under the new NHS arrangements.

Advice sheets for the specialty will continue to be developed and revised as necessary. Monitoring of the website and social media use will still be an important feedback.

The Society is developing a greater commitment to sustainability, in terms of how it is run, and also advising its members on how they can adopt a more sustainable approach to clinical practice. Internal communications will continue to be improved, maximising electronic communication to reduce the BOS expenses on postage and stationery and to recognize the importance of reducing our carbon footprint.

Research

The Society will continue to fund research and the active drive to attract high quality applications for funding continues. The Society, and the members of the Research Directorate will continue to explore ways to attract high quality research proposals. The increased sums of money offered by BOSF and allowing more flexibility in submission of applications appears to have increased applications and, during 2022, BOSF will consider the best ways to ensure that this situation is maintained.

The Scholarships and Awards Committee will continue to monitor the prizes available through the BOS and ensure that the appropriate regulations are in place.

Education

The Society will continue to develop and encourage education in orthodontics for the public and wider dental profession as well as for our members through its portfolio of courses, conferences and educational sources including updating the national orthodontic programme VLE.

Public Benefit

In the future, the trustees intend to ensure that the Society continues to benefit the public by focusing on the following elements:

• Enhancement of the BOS website entry portal for the public;

• Offering feedback to the public on the website;

• Encouraging practices to offer patients feedback, anonymously, which will be fed back to BOS HO;

• Consider, where effective, to engage with lay input; and

• Facilitating audit and research into patient satisfaction with orthodontic treatment and their perceptions of the benefits received.

STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

Status and History

The British Orthodontic Society is a registered charity, and a company limited by guarantee, not having share capital. Every member undertakes to contribute an amount not exceeding £1 to the assets of the charity in the event of the charity being wound-up during the period of membership, or within one year thereafter.

The BOS originally came into existence on 1 July 1994 by the unification of the five, existing national orthodontic societies. The founding societies were:

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

• The British Society for the Study of Orthodontics, founded in 1907, and the oldest national orthodontic society.

• The Consultant Orthodontists Group was formed in 1964 to represent Orthodontic Consultants in the hospital service.

• The British Association of Orthodontists (BAO) established in 1965 to represent the specialist orthodontic practitioners.

• The Association of University Teachers of Orthodontics, to represent orthodontic teachers.

• The Community Orthodontists Section of the British Association of Orthodontists, to represent community orthodontists.

Since unification, all bodies have accepted the BOS as the main national representative of all orthodontists. The respect afforded to the Society greatly exceeds that given to the founding societies separately. The Department of Health has come to regard the Society as the appropriate body to consult on matters relating to orthodontic services and the standards of care for patients.

The BOS was initially an unincorporated charity, but the Society was incorporated on 14 January 1999, and the newly formed company became a registered charity on 22 January 1999.

The British Orthodontic Society is governed by the rules and regulations set down in its company Memorandum and Articles of Association, originally dated 14 January 1999 and as updated on 23 September 2002, 8 October 2006, 13 September 2009, 18 September 2010, 24 September 2011, and 22 September 2012.

Organisational Structure

The overall strategic direction of the charity is determined by the Board of Trustees and Directors, who are assisted and advised by the officers and elected members of the Society. All the members of the Board of Trustees continue to devote a significant amount of time on a purely voluntary basis to assist in the management of the charity. The Executive Committee of the Chairman, the Honorary Treasurer, and the Honorary Secretary provide day-to-day management and leadership.

Given its historic background, the Society comprises a number of specialist Groups. Certain members of the Board of Trustees and membership act as representatives of the various Groups. Groups are also represented on various of the BOS Committees. All Group members are members of the Society, and the constitutions of each Group and Committee formally recognise the constitution of the Society.

The Groups and Committees of the Society are represented within the Directorates which are as follows:

• Directorate of External Relations

• Directorate of Clinical Governance

• Directorate of Clinical Practice

• Directorate of Professional Development

• Directorate of Education

• Directorate of Research

The Groups and Committees of the Society within the Directorates are identified, as follows:

• Clinical Governance

• Audit

• Publications Committee

• Ethics Committee

• Community Group (CG) was disbanded at the end of April 2022

• Conference & Meetings Committee

• Consultant Orthodontists Group (COG)

• Executive Committee

• Education Committee

• Archive and Museum Committee

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• Finance Committee

• Nominations Committee

• Orthodontic Specialists Group (OSG)

• Practitioners Group (PG)

• Scholarship and Awards Committee

• Research Committee

• British Orthodontic Society Foundation (BOSF)

• Editorial Board of the Journal of Orthodontics

• Training Grades Group (TGG)

• University Teachers Group (UTG)

• Group Chairs’ Forum

• Other ad hoc working groups

Policy and procedural decisions are taken by the Board of Trustees and Directors. Other Groups and Committees provide a wider forum for consultation and communication. The day-to-day activities of the Society are undertaken through the Directorates, Groups and Committees. The Group Chair's Forum brings together the Group Chairmen and the Executive Committee formally at least twice a year to allow information to be exchanged, concerns raised, and advice offered.

The Board normally meets four times per year and most Groups and Committees meet at least 3 times per year.

The day-to-day administration of the Society is undertaken by Mrs Ann Wright, Society Administrator, who is assisted by the other staff of the BOS based at the Society's headquarters in London. The Trustees work closely with the Society Administrator and in doing so supervise and control the authority delegated to her.

As of December 1, 2022, the Trustees appointed a Chief Operating Officer (COO), Rupert Marks, to lead and oversee on all commercial and operational aspects of management in line with the BOS’s strategic vision and business objectives. As such the Trustees believe the appointment of the COO meets the definition of a key management person.

Method of Recruitment, Appointment, Election, Induction & Training of Trustees

Nominations and elections of Directorate Directors

The Director of a BOS Directorate is a Trustee of the Society and a rigorous protocol is required for nomination, election, and appointment. The Director shall be appointed after open notices and elections.

The following protocol is required by the Trustees for all elections:

• The Honorary Secretary will notify the Society membership of a vacancy for a Directorate Director with the rules for submission of a nomination. An explanatory paragraph outlining the role of a Trustee should accompany the notice. A deadline for receipt of nominations shall be clearly stated.

• Candidates who wish to be nominated for election should be proposed by two members of the Society. Self-nomination is permissible if supported by two members. The nomination papers should be signed and dated by both nominators and the nominee and returned to the Honorary Secretary prior to the deadline. The nomination must include a signed declaration by the nominee of a willingness and eligibility to serve if elected. Applications received after the deadline will not be accepted.

• If there is more than one candidate, the Director will be elected by a ballot of all Society members conducted by post or on the internet, as determined by the Society. Candidates should be invited to submit a 100-word CV and photograph for circulation to the members in advance of the election. The Director will normally be appointed at the Annual General Meeting and will "shadow" the previous Director for the following one year prior to taking up office. All Trustee appointments will commence on 1 January.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Nominations and elections of the BOS President, the BOS Treasurer and of the Honorary Secretary

The following means of making nominations for the BOS President, the BOS Treasurer and of the BOS Honorary Secretary is required.

Nomination by the Groups:

The BOS President, who is also Chairman of the Nominations Committee, will request nominations from all the Group Chairmen at least two months prior to the meeting of the Nominations Committee, which will normally be held in May. This request should be considered by the Group Committees within each Directorate. The names of candidates proposed by the Groups will be notified to the BOS Secretary in good time for consideration by the Nominations Committee. The nominee must include a signed declaration of willingness and eligibility to serve if elected.

Nomination by members:

At the same time as the request for nominations is sent to Group Chairmen, a notice will be sent to all of the BOS members requesting nominations for President, Treasurer, or Honorary Secretary, as appropriate. Nominations must be sent in good time to the BOS Secretary for consideration by the Nominations Committee. A deadline for receipt of nominations should be clearly stated. Candidates, who wish to be nominated for election other than by the Group Committees, should be proposed by two members of the Society. The nomination paper should be signed and dated by both nominators and the nominee and returned to the BOS Secretary prior to the stated deadline. The nomination must include a signed declaration by the nominee of a willingness and eligibility to serve if elected. Applications received after the deadline will not be accepted.

Nomination and election of the Director of Professional Development:

The Director of Professional Development will normally serve two full years as Director-elect because of the large element of forward planning involved in the British Orthodontic Conference. The election is for a term of two years with the possibility of extension for a further year. An election is therefore normally required in the year prior to the preceding director taking office.

Consideration of nominations:

The nominations will be considered by the Nominations Committee, who may request CVs and further information from the candidates. The Nominations Committee will make a recommendation to the Board of Trustees for approval as the Board's nomination for election by the membership. If more than one valid nomination is received, any nominee not successful in obtaining the Board's nomination may request that an election is held in which all valid nominees may participate. The Nominations Committee may recommend that none of the nominations should be endorsed as the Board's nominee. In that event, the Board may put forward a further candidate as the Board's nomination.

If no valid nominations for a post are received by the stated deadline, the Board shall make its own nomination who shall be deemed to be elected unopposed.

The candidates will be elected by a ballot of all of the BOS members conducted by post or on the internet, as determined by the Board of Trustees. Following election, the President, Treasurer or Honorary Secretary and the Director of Professional Development will normally be appointed at the Annual General Meeting and will "shadow" the previous office holder for the following one year prior to taking up office, except the Director of Professional Development who will normally shadow for two years. All Trustee appointments commence on 1 January.

Induction & Training

New Trustees are inducted into the Society by a formal induction process. The Society holds annual training sessions for Trustees, which are arranged with the Society's accountant, and which are an integral part of the induction and on-going training process. In 2022, The BOS has revised the trustee induction programme, which is now delivered through an online platform.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Trustees' Responsibilities in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The Trustees (who are also the Directors of The British Orthodontic Society for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the trustees' annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law, the Trustees have prepared the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law).

Under company law, the Trustees must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and of the incoming resources and application of resources, including income and expenditure, of the charitable company for that period.

In preparing those financial statements, the Trustees are required to:

• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

• observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP;

• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

• state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

• prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charitable company will continue in business.

The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the charitable company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charitable company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charitable company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The Trustees are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the charitable company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from the legislation in other jurisdictions.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Auditor

Crowe UK 55 Ludgate Hill London EC4M 7JW

Crowe UK has indicated its willingness to continue in office.

Statement as to Disclosure of Information to the Auditor

The Trustees at the date of approval of this trustees' annual report confirm that so far as each of them is aware, there is no relevant information of which the charity's auditor is unaware, and the Trustees have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information.

REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS

The Trustees of the charity, who are also the Directors of the company and who have held office since 1 January 2022, are as follows:

Dr Nikki Atack	President
Dr Simon Littlewood	Honorary Secretary
Dr Nigel Fox	Honorary Treasurer (resigned 31 December 2022)
Professor Grant McIntyre	Honorary Treasurer (appointed 1 January 2023)
Dr Jadbinder Seehra	Directorate of Clinical Governance
Dr Anshu Sood	Directorate of Clinical Practice
Dr Sally Walker	Directorate of Education
Dr Anjli Patel	Directorate of External Relations
Dr Trevor Hodge	Directorate of Professional Development
Prof Susan Cunningham	Directorate of Research

The principal address of the charity and the registered office of the company is the office of the BOS at 12 Bridewell Place, London EC4V GAP.

The charity is registered under the charity number 1073464, and the company is incorporated with the company registration number 03695486.

The Trustees have made the following professional appointments:

Solicitor: Julie Norris, Lawyers for Doctors Limited, Broad Quay House, Prince Street, Bristol BS1 4DJ

Accountant: Jill North c/o British Orthodontic Society, 12 Bridewell Place, London EC4V 6AP Auditor: Crowe U.K. LLP, 49-51 Aquis House, Blagrave Street, Reading, RG1 1PL Banker: HSBC, 165 Fleet Street, London, EC4A, 2DY Investment Manager: Quilter Cheviot, One Kingsway, London WC2B GAN

The following individual is a non-voting member of the Board of Trustees and Directors, and in that capacity, is neither a Trustee nor a Director:

Dr Stephen Rudge, Honorary Patron

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

FUNDS HELD AS CUSTODIAN

Although the charity maintains restricted funds to deal with incoming resources that are earmarked for a particular purpose by donors, sponsors, and other funders, the Society does not currently hold, and the Trustees do not anticipate that it will in future hold, any funds as custodian for any third party.

30 October 2023

This report was approved by the Trustees on …………….…. and was signed for and on behalf of the Board by

................................................ Honorary Secretary & Company Secretary

Simon Littlewood

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY STATEMENT OF TRUSTEES’ RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

The Trustees (who are also directors of The British Orthodontic Society for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the Trustees’ Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards).

Company law requires the Trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under company law the Trustees must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and of the incoming resources and application of resources, including the income and expenditure, of the charitable company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Trustees are required to:

• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

• observe the methods and principles in the Charities SORP;

• make judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

• state whether applicable UK accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

• prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charitable company will continue in business.

The Trustees are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the charitable company’s transactions, disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charitable company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006 and the provisions of the charity’s constitution. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

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Crowe U.K. LLP

Chartered Accountants Member of Crowe Global Aquis House 49-51 Blagrave Street Reading Berkshire RG1 1PL, UK Tel [phone] Fax [phone] www.crowe.co.uk

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of The British Orthodontic Society for the year ended 31 December 2022 which comprise the Statement of Financial Activities, the Summary Income and Expenditure Account, the Balance Sheets, the Cash flow Statement and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

• give a true and fair view of the state of the charitable company’s affairs as at 31 December 2022 and of the charitable company’s incoming resources and application of resources, including its income and expenditure for the year then ended;

• have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the charitable company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to report to you where:

• the trustees’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is not appropriate; or

• the trustees have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt about the charitable company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Page 26

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT (CONTINUED) TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY

Other information

The trustees are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit

• the information given in the trustees’ report, which includes the directors’ report and the strategic report prepared for the purposes of company law, for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

• the strategic report and the directors’ report included within the trustees’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In light of the knowledge and understanding of the charitable company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the directors’ report included within the trustees’ report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• adequate and proper accounting records have not been kept; or

• the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

• certain disclosures of trustees' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of trustees

As explained more fully in the trustees’ responsibilities statement, the trustees (who are also the directors of the charitable company for the purposes of company law) are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the trustees determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Page 27

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT (CONTINUED) TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY

In preparing the financial statements, the trustees are responsible for assessing the charitable company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the trustees either intend to liquidate the charitable company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We identified and assessed the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements from irregularities, whether due to fraud or error, and discussed these between our audit team members. We then designed and performed audit procedures responsive to those risks, including obtaining audit evidence sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks within which the charitable company operates, focusing on those laws and regulations that have a direct effect on the determination of material amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The laws and regulations we considered in this context were the Companies Act 2006, Charities Act together with the Charities SORP (FRS 102). We assessed the required compliance with these laws and regulations as part of our audit procedures on the related financial statement items.

In addition, we considered provisions of other laws and regulations that do not have a direct effect on the financial statements but compliance with which might be fundamental to the charitable company’s ability to operate or to avoid a material penalty. We also considered the opportunities and incentives that may exist within the charitable company for fraud. The laws and regulations we considered in this context were Charity Commission legislation, health and safety legislation, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), General Dental Council (GDC) legislation. Auditing standards limit the required audit procedures to identify non-compliance with these laws and regulations to enquiry of the Trustees and other management and inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, if any.

The greatest risk of material impact on the financial statements is from irregularities, including fraud, to be the override of controls by management. Our audit procedures to respond to these risks included enquiries of management, and the Board of Trustees about their own identification and assessment of the risks of irregularities, sample testing on the posting of journals, testing a sample of income and expenditure to the fund restrictions, reviewing accounting estimates for biases, reviewing regulatory correspondence with the Charity Commission and reading minutes of meetings of those charged with governance.

Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected some material misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. For example, the further removed noncompliance with laws and regulations (irregularities) is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely the inherently limited procedures required by auditing standards would identify it.

Page 28

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT (CONTINUED) TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY

In addition, as with any audit, there remained a higher risk of non-detection of irregularities, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal controls. We are not responsible for preventing non-compliance and cannot be expected to detect non-compliance with all laws and regulations.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the charitable company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the charitable company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charitable company and the charitable company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Janette Joyce

Senior Statutory Auditor

For and on behalf of

Crowe U.K. LLP

Statutory Auditor

Reading

30 October 2023

Page 29

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Notes Income from: Donations and legacies 3 Charitable activities - Dissemination of information 4 Investments 5 Total Expenditure on: Raising funds: - Investment management costs Charitable activities: - Dissemination of information 6 Total Net gains on investments NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE) AND NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS Fund balance brought forward at 1 January 2022 FUND BALANCES CARRIED FORWARD AT 31 DECEMBER 2022 15	Unrestricted Restricted Total Total Funds Funds 2022 2021 £ £ £ £ - 10,575 10,575 12,457 1,276,660 - 1,276,660 1,098,296 58,093 15,665 73,758 67,313 1,334,753 26,240 1,360,993 1,178,066 (24) (10) (34) (81) (1,698,803) (57,271) (1,756,074) (1,349,677) (1,698,827) (57,281) (1,756,108) (1,349,758) (188,262) (81,069) (269,331) 200,875 (552,336) (112,110) (664,446) 29,183 2,777,595 603,643 3,381,238 3,352,055 2,225,259 491,533 2,716,792 3,381,238	Unrestricted Restricted Total Total Funds Funds 2022 2021 £ £ £ £ - 10,575 10,575 12,457 1,276,660 - 1,276,660 1,098,296 58,093 15,665 73,758 67,313 1,334,753 26,240 1,360,993 1,178,066 (24) (10) (34) (81) (1,698,803) (57,271) (1,756,074) (1,349,677) (1,698,827) (57,281) (1,756,108) (1,349,758) (188,262) (81,069) (269,331) 200,875 (552,336) (112,110) (664,446) 29,183 2,777,595 603,643 3,381,238 3,352,055 2,225,259 491,533 2,716,792 3,381,238
		200,875
		29,183
		3,352,055
		3,381,238

The notes on pages 33 to 45 form part of these financial statements

Page 30

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY BALANCE SHEET

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022 COMPANY NUMBER: 03695486

Notes FIXED ASSETS Tangible assets 10 Investments 11 CURRENT ASSETS: Debtors 12 Cash at bank and in hand LIABILITIES: Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year 13 NET CURRENT ASSETS TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS THE FUNDS OF THE CHARITY: Restricted income funds Scholarship Fund 15 Foundation Fund 15 TOTAL RESTRICTED FUNDS 15 Unrestricted income funds General Fund 15 TOTAL CHARITY FUNDS 15	2022 £ 1,117,892 1,450,073 2,567,965 166,703 137,976 304,679 (155,852) 148,827 2,716,792 65,064 426,469 491,533 2,225,259 2,716,792 30	2021 £ 1,150,723 1,962,858 3,113,581 208,423 178,097 386,520 (118,863) 267,657 3,381,238 73,539 530,104 603,643 2,777,595 3,381,238 October 2023

The financial statements were approved by the Trustees and authorised for issue on …………………….. and are signed on their behalf by:

………………………… Grant McIntyre Honorary Treasurer

The notes on pages 33 to 45 form part of these financial statements

Page 31

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY CASHFLOW STATEMENT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Notes CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net cash used in operating activities 16 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Dividends, interest, and rents from investments 5 Purchase of tangible fixed assets Proceeds from sale of investments Purchase of investments Net cash provided by investing activities CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS IN THE REPORTING PERIOD 18 Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the reporting period 18 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE REPORTING PERIOD 18	2022 £ (343,940) 73,758 (13,250) 301,097 (57,786) 303,819 (40,121) 178,097 137,976	2021 £ (332,015) 67,313 (37,697) 576,830 (309,318)
		297,128 (34,887) 212,984 178,097

The notes on pages 33 to 45 form part of these financial statements

Page 32

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

a) Company information

The British Orthodontic Society (the charitable company) is a private company limited by guarantee incorporated in England and Wales under company number 03695486. The registered office address and principal place of business is at BOS at 12 Bridewell Place, London, EC4V 6AP. The charitable company's principal activities are disclosed in the Trustees' Annual Report.

b) Basis of accounting

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland", the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and under the historical cost convention, except as modified for the annual revaluation of fixed asset investments. Within the definitions of FRS 102, the charitable company is a public benefit entity.

The financial statements have also been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in more detail below, to comply with the charitable company's governing document, the Charities Act 2011 and Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2019), referred to as the Charities SORP (FRS 102).

Going concern

In reviewing 2022, the Treasurer was understandably concerned about the Society’s overall financial performance. As we have seen, this was in part due to a very steep fall in the value of investment funds under management, resulting from negative global stock market returns. The Trustees remain confident that the charitable company will continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and be able to meet all of its financial obligations as they fall due for a period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of these financial statements.

Based on the charitable company’s forecasts and action plans, the Trustees consider it is appropriate for the financial statements to be prepared on the going concern basis. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that would result should the going concern basis of preparation not be appropriate. In the event that this basis is not appropriate provisions may be required and assets may need to be written down to their recoverable amount.

c) Income

Grants, donations, and other similar types of voluntary income are brought into account when receivable and donated income is included gross of any attributable tax recoverable, where relevant. Donations given for specific purposes are treated as restricted income.

Income is recognised in the financial statements for the proportion of subscriptions, which are receivable in the financial period. All other types of income are also accounted for on an accruals' basis.

Page 33

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

d) Expenditure

Expenditure is allocated to the charitable company's principal activity where the costs can be identified as being directly related to that activity. All costs that cannot be identified as relating directly to the charity's principal activity are categorised as either support costs or governance costs.

Governance costs are the costs associated with running the charitable company as a charitable company, and include a proportion of staff costs, costs of Trustees' meetings, audit fees and other similar professional fees.

Grants payable are recognised in the period in which the approved offer is conveyed to the recipient except in those cases where the offer is conditional, such grants being recognised only when the conditions attaching to the award are fulfilled. Grants offered subject to conditions, which have not been met at the balance sheet date, are noted as a potential commitment, but are not treated as a liability.

e) Government grants

Government grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable when there is reasonable assurance that the grant conditions will be met, and the grants will be received.

A grant that specifies performance conditions is recognised in income when the performance conditions are met. Where a grant does not specify performance conditions it is recognised in income when the proceeds are received or receivable. A grant received before the recognition criteria are satisfied is recognised as a liability.

f) Taxation

The company is a registered charity and as such its income and gains falling due under section 471 to 489 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010 or section 256 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 are exempt from corporate tax to the extent that they are applied to its charitable objectives.

g) Tangible fixed assets

All tangible assets purchased that have a cost of more than £1,000 and have an expected useful economic life that exceeds one year are capitalised and classified as fixed assets. Tangible fixed assets are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Depreciation is provided on all tangible fixed assets at rates calculated to write each asset down to its estimated residual value over its expected useful life, as follows:

Long leasehold buildings over 50 years Computers and office equipment over 3 years

h) Investments

The charitable company's investments are included in the balance sheet at fair value (their market value). The gains or losses arising upon their annual revaluation are included in the statement of financial activities.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)

i) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is a contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial instruments are therefore classified and accounted for according to the substance of the contractual arrangement as financial assets, financial liabilities, or equity instruments. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all of its liabilities.

j) Financial assets and liabilities

The charitable company's debtors and creditors that meet the definition of either a financial asset or a financial liability are initially recognised at the transaction value and thereafter are stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

k) Fund accounting

The general fund comprises the accumulated surpluses of unrestricted income over expenditure, which are available for use in furtherance of the general objective of the charitable company.

Designated funds are a particular form of unrestricted funds consisting of amounts, which have been allocated or designated for specific purposes by the Trustees. The use of designated funds remains at the discretion of the Trustees.

Restricted funds are funds subject to specific conditions imposed by donors. The purpose and use of the restricted funds are set out in the notes to the financial statements. Amounts unspent at the year end are carried forward in the balance sheet.

2. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY

In the application of the charitable company's accounting policies, the Trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

There were no specific judgements, estimates and assumptions that were critical to the preparation of these financial statements.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

3. DONATIONS AND LEGACIES General donations and other similar types of voluntary income 4. DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION Subscriptions Annual Conference Other meetings Journal income Sales of publications Other income 5. INVESTMENT INCOME	Unrestricted Funds £ - Unrestricted Funds £ 511,868 482,705 106,061 137,103 38,923 - 1,276,660		Restricted Funds £ 10,575 Restricted Funds £ - - - - - - -		Total 2022 £ 10,575 Total 2022 £ 511,868 482,705 106,061 137,103 38,923 - 1,276,660		Total 2021 £ 12,457 Total 2021 £ 527,116 394,594 33,023 89,758 45,315 8,490
							1,098,296

Bank interest receivable on short term cash deposits Income from investments listed on a recognised stock exchange Room hire and associated service charge income receivable	Unrestricted Funds £ 645 36,378 21,070 58,093	Restricted Funds £ - 15,665 - 15,665	Total 2022 £ 645 52,043 21,070 73,758	Total 2021 £ - 55,949 11,364
				67,313

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

6. COSTS OF THE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION

Annual Conference Other meetings Journal expenditure Publications costs Legal fees judicial review Public relations Museum curator fees Subscriptions – international Research project grants to seven (_2021 two)_individuals Professional development costs Subscriptions - national Support costs (see note 7)	Unrestricted Funds £ 588,308 189,826 119,143 55,211 46,779 70,170 11,101 3,642 - 35,404 63 1,119,647 579,156 1,698,803	Restricted Funds £ - - - - - - - - 57,271 - - 57,271 - 57,271	Total 2022 £ 588,308 189,826 119,143 55,211 46,779 70,170 11,101 3,642 57,271 35,404 63 1,176,918 579,156 1,756,074	Total 2021 £ 371,636 8,044 105,544 28,112 67,761 66,037 6,360 4,687 50,749 88,636 30 797,596 552,081 1,349,677

Page 37

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

7. SUPPORT & GOVERNANCE COSTS

Staff costs (see note 8) (98:2) Trustee and committee meeting expenses (50:50) Travel and subsistence (60:40) Office, property and insurance costs Telephone, printing, postage and stationery Computer costs Auditor’s remuneration: Audit fees Accounting and advisory Other accountancy and advisory Bank and credit card charges Irrecoverable Value Added Tax Other expenses Depreciation	Support Costs £ 270,169 5,573 8,385 91,104 46,199 16,731 - - 3,337 12,330 9,174 30,809 46,081 539,892	Governance Costs £ 5,514 5,572 5,591 - - - 15,400 3,850 3,337 - - - - 39,264	Total 2022 £ 275,683 11,145 13,976 91,104 46,199 16,731 15,400 3,850 6,674 12,330 9,174 30,809 46,081 579,156	Total 2021 £ 186,286 6,856 9,536 59,217 50,079 15,897 14,250 3,250 60,909 9,401 77,097 19,628 39,675 552,081

Page 38

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

8. STAFF COSTS

The average monthly number of persons employed by the charitable company (excluding Trustees and directors) during the year was as follows: Office and administration Staff costs for the above persons: Wages and salaries Social security costs Pension costs TOTAL PAYROLL COSTS Casual staff costs Recruitment expenses Training Fees TOTAL EMPLOYMENT COSTS	2022 No 3 139,160 14,171 2,632 155,963 114,523 5,097 100 119,720	2021 No 3 116,347 12,403 4,343
		133,093
		53,193 - -
		186,286

During the current year a settlement of £20,000 was paid out to one employee (2021: £nil).

During the current and previous year, no employee received total emoluments in excess of £60,000.

Key management personal include the Trustees and Chief Operating Officer. Key management personnel received aggregate remuneration (including employer’s pension and employers National Insurance) £3,608 (2022: £Nil)

The Trustees and directors received no remuneration for their services to the charitable company during the current or previous year. During the year, seven ( 2021: six ) Trustees were reimbursed for Trustee and committee meeting expenses incurred on behalf of the charitable company totalling £6,557 ( 2021: £2,304 ).

In addition to the Trustees, the charitable company is also reliant upon the major support given by members, who contribute significant amounts of their time in the delivery of charitable activities. The Trustees are unable to reliably quantify the amount of time that volunteers provide towards the work of the charitable company, but nevertheless they are very grateful for that help.

9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Other than the reimbursement of expenses to Trustees as disclosed in note 8, no related party transactions took place during the year ( 2021: none ).

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

10. TANGIBLE ASSETS

Cost: 1 January 2022 Additions 31 December 2022 Depreciation: 1 January 2022 Charge for year 31 December 2022 Net book value: 31 December 2022 31 December 2021	Long- leasehold Buildings and improvements £ 1,637,313 - 1,637,313 518,255 32,914 551,169 1,086,144 1,119,058		Computers & office equipment £ 146,090 13,250 159,340 114,425 13,167 127,592 31,748 31,665	Total £ 1,783,403 13,250 1,796,653 632,680 46,081 678,761 1,117,892 1,150,723

Parts of the charity’s long leasehold buildings are used, when surplus to the charity’s requirements, to generate rental income.

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

11. INVESTMENTS

2022 £ Investment listed on a recognised stock exchange at market value: 1 January 2022 1,962,858 Additions at cost 57,786 Disposal proceeds (301,097) Revaluation gain/(losses) (269,474) 31 December 2022 1,450,073 At the balance sheet date, the market value of the portfolio comprised: UK investments 1,450,073 Overseas investments - 1,450,073 Fixed income securities Equities 1,450,073 1,450,073		2021 £ 2,030,308 309,318 (576,830) 200,062 1,962,858 1,962,858 -
		1,962,858
		- 1,962,858
		1,962,858

At the balance sheet date, the historical cost of the investments was £1,387,512 (2021: £1,616,731).

12. DEBTORS

Amounts falling due within one year: Trade debtors Other debtors Prepayments and accrued income	2022 £ 47,515 19,146 100,042 166,703	2021 £ 56,868 36,442 115,113
		208,423

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

13. CREDITORS

Amounts falling due within one year: Trade creditors Other creditors Accruals and deferred income Deferred income: Deferred income brought forward Amounts released to income Amounts received in advance Deferred income carried forward Deferred income carried forward comprises: Annual Conference and other meetings income received in advance 14. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Carrying amount of financial assets: Equity instruments measured at fair value	2022 £ 115,612 5,874 34,366 155,852 11,905 (11,905) 13,476 13,476 13,476 2022 £ 1,450,073	2021 £ 33,480 6,904 78,479 118,863 54,292 (54,292) 11,905 11,905 11,905 2021 £ 1,962,858

Page 42

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

15. THE FUNDS OF THE CHARITY

Restricted income funds: Scholarship Fund Foundation Fund Unrestricted income funds General Fund Restricted income funds: Scholarship Fund Foundation Fund Unrestricted income funds General Fund	1 January 2022 £ 73,539 530,104 603,643 2,777,595 3,381,238 1 January 2021 £ 65,169 510,860 576,029 2,776,026 3,352,055	Income £ 2,030 24,210 26,240 1,334,753 1,360,993 Income £ 1,824 24,995 26,819 1,151,247 1,178,066	Expenditure £ (1) (57,280) (57,281) (1,698,827) (1,756,108) Expenditure £ (3) (50,767) (50,770) (1,298,988) (1,349,758)	Gains on investments £ (10,504) (70,565) (81,069) (188,262) (269,331) Gains on investments £ 6,549 45,016 51,565 149,310 (200,875)	31 December 2022 £ 65,064 426,469
					491,533 (2,225,259)
					2,716,792
					31 December 2021 £ 73,539 530,104
					603,643 2,777,595
					3,381,238

The Scholarship Fund is used to account for the Society's prizes and awards, which are normally given annually. The regulations governing each of the prizes and awards are published on the Society's website and elsewhere, together with the names of the judging panel, and the criteria that are used when making an award. The Scholarship and Awards Committee has overall responsibility for deciding whether an award should be made, and the Treasurer of the Society administers the finances of the fund. Transfers are made periodically from the General Fund to cover the shortfall in awards given compared to sponsorship received.

Page 43

THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

16. RECONCILIATION OF NET INCOME TO NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

NET (EXPENSE)/INCOME FOR THE REPORTING PERIOD Adjustments for: Depreciation charges Gains on investments Dividends, interest and rents from investments Decrease/(increase) in debtors Increase/(decrease) in creditors NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES	2022 £ (664,446) 46,081 269,474 (73,758) 41,720 36,989 (343,940)	2021 £ 29,183 39,675 (200,062) (67,313) (54,154) (79,344)
		(332,015)

17. ALLOCATION OF NET ASSETS BETWEEN FUNDS

2022

Restricted Unrestricted NET FUNDS 2021 Restricted Unrestricted NET FUNDS	Tangible fixed assets £ - 1,117,892 1,117,892 Tangible fixed assets £ - 1,150,723 1,150,723	Investments £ 491,533 958,540 1,450,073 Investments £ 603,643 1,359,215 1,962,858	Net current assets £ - 148,827 148,827 Net current assets £ - 267,567 267,657	Total £ 491,533 2,225,259 2,716,792 Total £ 603,643 2,777,595 3,381,238

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THE BRITISH ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

18. ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET FUNDS

At 1 January 2022 Cashflows £ £ Cash at bank and in hand 178,097 (40,121) NET FUNDS 178,097 (40,121) 19. COMPARATIVE 2021 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES Notes Unrestricted Restricted Total Funds Funds 2021 £ £ £ Income from: Donations and legacies 3 - 12,457 12,457 Charitable activities - Dissemination of information 4 1,098,296 - 1,098,296 Investments 5 52,951 14,362 67,313 Total 1,151,247 26,819 1,178,066 Expenditure on: Raising funds: - Investment management costs (60) (21) (81) Charitable activities: - Dissemination of information 6 (1,298,928) (50,749) (1,349,677) Total (1,298,988) (50,770) (1,349,758) Net gains on investments 11 149,310 51,565 200,875 NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE) AND NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS 1,569 27,614 29,183 RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS Fund balance brought forward at 1 January 2021 2,776,026 576,029 3,352,055 FUND BALANCES CARRIED FORWARD AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 15 2,777,595 603,643 3,381,238	At 1 January 2022 Cashflows £ £ Cash at bank and in hand 178,097 (40,121) NET FUNDS 178,097 (40,121) 19. COMPARATIVE 2021 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES Notes Unrestricted Restricted Total Funds Funds 2021 £ £ £ Income from: Donations and legacies 3 - 12,457 12,457 Charitable activities - Dissemination of information 4 1,098,296 - 1,098,296 Investments 5 52,951 14,362 67,313 Total 1,151,247 26,819 1,178,066 Expenditure on: Raising funds: - Investment management costs (60) (21) (81) Charitable activities: - Dissemination of information 6 (1,298,928) (50,749) (1,349,677) Total (1,298,988) (50,770) (1,349,758) Net gains on investments 11 149,310 51,565 200,875 NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE) AND NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS 1,569 27,614 29,183 RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS Fund balance brought forward at 1 January 2021 2,776,026 576,029 3,352,055 FUND BALANCES CARRIED FORWARD AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 15 2,777,595 603,643 3,381,238	At 1 January 2022 Cashflows £ £ Cash at bank and in hand 178,097 (40,121) NET FUNDS 178,097 (40,121) 19. COMPARATIVE 2021 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES Notes Unrestricted Restricted Total Funds Funds 2021 £ £ £ Income from: Donations and legacies 3 - 12,457 12,457 Charitable activities - Dissemination of information 4 1,098,296 - 1,098,296 Investments 5 52,951 14,362 67,313 Total 1,151,247 26,819 1,178,066 Expenditure on: Raising funds: - Investment management costs (60) (21) (81) Charitable activities: - Dissemination of information 6 (1,298,928) (50,749) (1,349,677) Total (1,298,988) (50,770) (1,349,758) Net gains on investments 11 149,310 51,565 200,875 NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE) AND NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS 1,569 27,614 29,183 RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS Fund balance brought forward at 1 January 2021 2,776,026 576,029 3,352,055 FUND BALANCES CARRIED FORWARD AT 31 DECEMBER 2021 15 2,777,595 603,643 3,381,238		At 31 December 2022 £ 137,976 137,976 Total 2020 £ 31,281 676,959 44,800 753,040 (7,088) (892,244) (899,332) 81,450 (64,842) 3,416,897 3,352,055
	(1,349,758)
		200,875
		29,183
		3,352,055
		3,381,238

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