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2022-12-31-accounts

Charity registration number 1073154

Company registration number 03515512 (England and Wales)

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

ANNUAL REPORT AND UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION

Trustees Prof B Goldson Dr H L Pierpoint Prof A Wahidin Dr R C Vipond Prof A Tseloni Prof P Davies Prof J Treadwell Prof S Walklate Dr J Smith Prof D Best Dr J W Heydon Dr V Heap Dr M C Duggan Prof A E Millie Dr J Price Mrs G Gallacher Dr H Bows Dr S Young Dr E Miller Dr I Zempi (Appointed 14 February 2022) Dr M Bhatia (Appointed 12 April 2022) Dr T W Cockcroft (Appointed 28 June 2022) Dr G A Birkett (Appointed 15 July 2022) Dr C Barlow (Appointed 25 July 2022) Dr C A O'Reilly (Appointed 1 September 2022) Secretary Prof A Wahidin Charity number 1073154 Company number 03515512 Registered office PO Box 501 The Nexus Building Broadway Letchworth Garden City Herts SG6 9BL Independent examiner UHY Hacker Young PO Box 501 The Nexus Building Broadway Letchworth Garden City Herts SG6 9BL

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION

Bankers

Barclays Bank PLC Epsom Leicestershire Leicester LE87 2BB

Bath Investment & Building Society 15 Queen Square Bath BA1 2HN The Charity Bank Limited Fosse House 182 High Street Tonbridge TN9 1BE

CAF Bank Limited 25 Kings Hill Avenue Kings Hill West Malling ME19 4JQ

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

CONTENTS

Page
Trustees' report 1 - 13
Independent examiner's report 14
Statement of financial activities 15
Balance sheet 16
Notes to the financial statements 17 - 23

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

The trustees present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022.

The accounts have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out in note 1 to the accounts and comply with the Society's governing document, the Companies Act 2006 and “Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (effective 1 January 2015)”.

Objectives and activities

The Society's objectives are to advance public education about crime, criminal behaviour and the criminal justice systems in the United Kingdom. This is important for the running of civil society, to provide an educational and scrutiny role to public policy makers and ensure sufficient research evidence and education for future generations.

While we were pleased and relieved to see some return to business-as-normal in 2022 with a mainly face-to-face annual conference and some in-person network and regional events, the pandemic years continue to have an impact. Some of these are positive in that many of our events now include at least some hybrid elements to them, meaning that geography and other commitments are no longer a bar to more members attending events. It is also undoubtedly greener for many of the Executive Committee meetings to continue to be via Zoom. But the longer-term damage caused by Covid-19 has continued to be felt by many members and colleagues around the world. In addition, the current cost-of-living crisis and increasing energy and catering costs have impacted our own finances and also those of many of our members.

Membership

At the end of 2022, the Society had 982 members. This increase on 2021 figures included UK members with a current direct debit, overseas members, and honorary members receiving journal subscriptions. While there is an increase overall in membership numbers, the Society is monitoring the departure of a significant number of colleagues who cite financial pressures as the main reason for withdrawing from membership. One of the factors impacting our member number increase is the move to institutional payment. The recruitment initiative for separate group and individual options for undergraduates that began in 2020 has continued and the Society now supports some 777 students on such schemes.

Of our members, 82% are based in the UK and 18% are based overseas. The majority of members (85%) are in the university sector, approximately 7% are practitioners working in the public and independent sectors and 8% are postgraduate/undergraduate students: these represent fairly consistent proportions of members compared to the year before.

The Society is managed by its Executive Committee, consisting of the President, Vice-President, Treasurer and Executive Secretary of the Society, together with the Regional Groups and Specialist Networks Coordinator, all chairs of Specialist Networks, and chairs of the Publications, Prizes, Public Relations, Conference, Postgraduate and Professional Affairs & Ethics Committees. The Executive Committee can have up to four members 'without portfolio', one of these would usually be the previous President of the Society. Constitutionally, the Company Secretary is also a member of the Executive Committee and with the President, Executive Secretary and Treasurer forms the Finance and General Purposes Committee. In 2015, the AGM created a new role of Vice President to take some of the pressure of workload from the President and ensure greater continuity. The Society is governed by its Constitution, which is amended periodically via member vote at its AGM.

The eight committees, working electronically, have spread the burden of Society work more equitably, and increased capacity significantly. During 2022, the whole Executive Committee continued to meet via Zoom taking interim decisions occasionally via email correspondence. Online meetings are expected to continue into 2023 and to remain a regular feature of the EC meeting structure into the future.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

We would like to thank the trustees who have served the BSC and retired from the Executive this year and extend a particularly grateful appreciation to Professor Allan Brimicombe who has sat on the Executive Committee since 2010 twice as Crime and Statistics Network chair and since 2014 as Company Secretary where he has done a sterling job modernising our Constitution as necessary and monitoring legal ramifications as well as chairing AGMs. We also lost Nic Groombridge, another very long standing BSC EC member in his last role as Public Relations Committee chair – previously he had been Prizes Committee chair for many years. We are very grateful again for his time and commitment over the decades. Within the Networks, we lost Marian Duggan as Women Crime and Criminal Justice Network chair (though she had already taken on Publications); Bankole Cole as Race Matters Network chair and Matthew Jones as Policing Network chair.

Elections were held for the next President of the BSC to take on the role from summer 2023 resulting in Professor Pamela Davies of Northumbria University becoming President Elect in 2022.

Achievements and performance

Professional Affairs & Ethics Committee

• During 2019, the BSC began a process of strategic review to explore the role of the Society and plan for the future This was overtaken by the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, the response to which has shaped discussions into the future of the annual conference in particular. The nature of what should be funded for regional and network events in the light of cutbacks to the annual conference delegate offer has been reviewed from a financial and principled perspective.

• The results from the REF21 were published in 2022 and, in the light of the spread of criminology submissions across multiple subpanels across Main Panel C but also elsewhere, the BSC has pressed for the promised bespoke report on how criminology as a discipline performed, in terms of quantity and quality, to be published. While it appears that the flagging system did not work consistently meaning exact figures are not available yet, the feedback so far is that criminology performed well in terms of quality of research.

• Former BSC President Peter Squires launched a new project – ‘The Theft of Criminology’ – after noticing the disappearance of the discipline from initially the ACSS’s drop down menu of Fellows’ research interests. While this has been resolved, members have reported the absence of criminology on other drop-down menus including in some departments of the ESRC.

• The BSC awarded two Innovation Fund grants to events and projects showing innovation in approach. These were the fifth Annual Ethnographies of Crime and Control Symposium held at King’s College, University of Cambridge, and a series of seminars at Sheffield University exploring how art, sights and sounds can be used to explore criminology.

• The BSC report from a specially commissioned survey on sexual misconduct in the higher education setting Challenging Behaviour was published in 2022. The survey, undertaken in 2021, emanated from some of the free text commentary in our previous teaching and researching criminology survey (see 2019 conference papers), During 2021, the BSC invited members to take part in a follow-up survey exploring issues related to sexual misconduct in higher education environments. The questions explored whether participants had experience of student disclosures, whether they felt equipped to deal with these incidents, the extent to which they felt supported by their institutions on these matters, and whether they had personally experienced sexual misconduct in the workplace. This scoping survey formed part of wider, ongoing efforts to better recognise, respond to, and reduce sexual misconduct at higher education settings. Despite only a small proportion of the total BSC member base taking part (n=50), and some respondents choosing not to answer certain questions, the insights obtained contribute to a growing body of information and awareness about sexual misconduct in UK HEIs. The results were analysed by WCCJN chair Marian Duggan and recommendations made as to what HEIs and organisations such as the BSC can do to reduce sexual misconduct including at conferences.

• The BSC continued its more discussion-based AGM format begun in 2021 (with its former Presidents discussion to mark the Society’s 60th anniversary) with a discussion around how, if and why the BSC should speak out on issues relating to the criminological community, such as redundancies and strikes and criminal justice issues more widely. The event was well attended and contributed to with the discussions summarized in a later blog. An online link was provided so that members could again access the AGM remotely.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

• A change to the constitution in relation to allowing leave from the EC for reasons of pregnancy, parental leave and long-term sickness was approved at the AGM.

• The BSC had worked with the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) to review the Criminology benchmark statement for teaching criminology at HEIs which was published in March 2023. Criminology was one of 13 subjects reviewed in 2021 and a diverse group of criminologists including BSC trustees Bankole Cole, Rachel Vipond, Grace Gallacher, Azrini Wahidin, Andrew Millie and James Treadwell and Executive Director Charlotte Harris together with regional group chairs were formed to review the 2019 statement with new criteria of inclusivity and sustainability. The subsequent draft report was put out for consultation in December 2021 and the consultation responses considered in early 2022.

• The BSC continued to work with the Academy of Social Sciences and the Society Publishers’ Coalition (a grouping of not-for-profit academic journal owners across the disciplines) on common issues and policy areas across the social sciences and academic disciplines more generally including the practicalities and impact of open access publication, the role and continued financial viability of learned societies, hybrid conferencing and inclusion and diversity.

• The BSC continued to respond to queries from both individuals and outside bodies for ethical advice and review, receiving unanimously positive feedback for its input.

Conference Committee

The postponed face-to-face conference at the University of Surrey, ‘Reimagining Criminological Futures: New Criminologies in a Changing World’, took place in June 2022. Plenary speakers included Neil Chakraborti, Amanda Haynes, Paul Giannasi, Jennifer Schweppe, Shane Johnson, Pamela Ugwudike, Martin Innes, Manuel Eisner and Nigel South on themes of Identity, empowerment and division; understanding crime futures; transformations in power, legitimacy and compliance; developments in science and technology; justice policy and practice and their outcomes and criminological perspectives on global crises.

In response to feedback from potential delegates, the conference was predominantly face-to-face though plenary sessions were available remotely as were certain elements of break-out sessions and speaker contributions on request.

The BSC and the University of Surrey were committed to reducing the environmental footprint of the 2022 annual conference by keeping waste and carbon emissions to a minimum. University of Surrey catering outlets cut down on packaging and where possible utilised compostable materials. We did not print conference programmes - conference details were available on the website. We encouraged participants to bring a reusable water bottle and cup to reduce the use of single use plastics. Food served at the conference dinner was vegan/vegetarian, as were the breakfasts served to those in university accommodation. Delegates were encouraged to travel to the conference in as sustainable a way as possible, using public transport and where possible avoiding flying.

A special virtual edition of the British Journal of Criminology with articles exploring the themes of the conference was edited by Francesca Menichelli and Giulia Berlusconi from the university host team.

The conference was very well received by delegates who welcomed the opportunity to network face-to-face once more. We would like to thank the team at the University of Surrey for rising to the challenge of hosting the conference in the face of the shifting scenarios presented throughout the planning months due to changing pandemic regulations.

Postgraduate Committee

The BSC postgraduate social media presence has a blog and 3,400 members in the Facebook group, all of which creates a vibrant online community that not only shares news and insights on criminological issues, but also represents a platform to share event details, research methods and best practices and in general inform and disseminate the values and principles of the Society. The Committee has also identified the need to strengthen and consolidate the steering group with people at the start of their PhD in order to manage continuity through the committee’s activities – currently too many committee members become so very near the end of their studies.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

The Committee organised a day-long hybrid event online and in person at the University of Staffordshire and in conjunction with the BSC Critical Criminology Network focusing on Critical Criminology reflections on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and including student masterclasses and a keynote from Professor Daniel Briggs from the University of Europea.

As usual, the postgraduate committee held a pre-event at the annual conference offering the postgraduate community the opportunity to network, present to their peers and take part in bespoke training and breakout sessions, this year centering on emotions and wellbeing in research, networking and building a strong CV, moving from PGR to employment and the perils of publishing. Keynote Eamonn Carrabine, editor-in-chief of the British Journal of Criminology, spoke about Developing an Academic Identity and a Research Agenda. The BSC offered a number of free places to postgraduate members to attend the full conference, sponsored by donations from individual BSC members as well as the Society.

Public Relations Committee

As in previous years, in 2022 the Society gave advisory information to a number of journalists. We tend to average one media enquiry per month. If these enquiries cannot be addressed immediately by the office staff, they are referred to chairs of respective BSC Networks, members of the Executive Committee or individual members who are listed in the Society's 'Knowledge bank'. This was developed from what was previously known as the media list in order to distinguish suggested topic specialists from BSC spokespeople.

The regular Tweeting programme has continued in a bid to keep members and wider society informed of Society activity and criminological events and issues. Our Twitter following (at December 2022) stood at 24,600 – another large year-on-year increase.

Our website receives an average of 20,000 visits per month (majority UK but also, in order of size, USA, Australia, China, Canada, India, Pakistan, and others). The BSC conference page was the most visited page during the year. The BSC Website/Members' area was redesigned in 2022 taking into consideration members' responses to a survey conducted in January 2022. The new website has been favourably received and there has been an increase in visitors to the new Members’ area which includes a popular Criminologist Cornered feature where members answer a series of criminological and more personal questions.

We have also continued our monthly draw for free books in partnership with the main criminological publishers. This initiative, started in 2016, has proved popular with members (both early career and significantly more established).

Regional Groups and Specialists Networks Committee

We are extremely fortunate in having dedicated teams working around the country hosting exceptional events which go to the heart of our main charitable aim. As our accounts show, the Networks particularly got back to hosting face-to-face events in 2022 but with many still offering a remote option accessible to a wider audience, not limited to the local area and providing legacy products for those not able to attend at the time of the event. Many event organisers also wrote blogs to summarise key talks and discussions for those unable to attend. The Society thanks all those who organize and speak at these events as well as those who attend and join in the discussions.

Regional events included:

• Yorkshire and Humberside branch organised an event exploring ‘Emotionally Challenging Research’ at the Leeds Trinity University campus in Horsforth on November with Keynote speaker Sharon Grace (University of York) on ‘Hearing the voices of women involved in drugs and crime’.

• ‘COVID and Imprisonment’ was the theme of the BSC Midlands regional group event held at the University of Nottingham in February. Speakers included Lynn Saunders OBE ‘Prison leadership during COVID’. Olga Suhomlinova ‘Transgender and non-binary prisoners and COVID’, Steve Bravery ‘COVID prison risk assessment, risk reduction, and remote reviews during COVID’, Paula Harriott & PPN ‘COVID-19 Action Prisons Project: Tracking Innovation, Valuing Experience’ and Oscar O’Mara ‘A prison ethnography PhD during COVID’.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

• The Midlands group also organised an Author Meets Critic event ‘Complex Inequalities and Innovative Solutions’ at the University of Derby in July. The speakers and critics for this event were: Valeria Abreu, University of Derby – ‘Changing Patterns of Domestic Homicide in light of COVID-19 in England and Wales’. Thomas Guiney, University of Nottingham – ‘Parole, Parole Boards and the institutional Dilemmas of Contemporary Prison Release’, Andrew Henley, University of Nottingham – ‘When ‘Ideal Victim’ meets ‘Criminalised Other’: Criminal Records and the Denial of the Victim’, and David Patton, University of Derby – ‘Motivations for Change in Drug Recovery: Turning Points as the Antidotes to the Pains of Recovery’.

The BSC now has fourteen specialist network groups increasing its potential to reach out, influence and educate. The networks are:

*The Youth Criminology/Youth Justice Network (YC/YJN), established in 2008 ‘to open communication and facilitate critical reflection and exchange within and between the academic, policy and practice communities nationally and internationally’, and chaired by Barry Goldson (Liverpool University).

*The Crime and Justice Statistics Network (CJSN), established in 2009, and chaired by Machi Tseloni in 2022 is a virtual community defined by the JISCMAIL CRIME-JUSTICE-STATS which serves as a base for sending out relevant information and announcements, most notably calls for consultations on pending or under consideration changes in crime and justice data definitions, production and reporting by the Office for National Statistics, Home Office and Ministry of Justice. The Network provides an arena for debate about the production and publication of crime and justice statistics; works to improve perception and public trust in crime and justice statistics and supports the proper interpretation of crime statistics and encourages greater analytic use of criminal justice statistics and surveys. Current membership stands at 165.

*The Women, Crime and Criminal Justice Network, established in 2011, was chaired in 2022 by Marian Duggan of Kent University, then Gemma Birkett of City University. The network exists to support scholarship on women, crime and criminal justice, and to foster research of the highest standard. In addition to promoting scholarship on women, crime and criminal justice, the network also aims to support women as criminological scholars. The Network has 206 JISCMail subscribers; 172 Member Database Entries; and a Twitter account with 2,067 followers.

The Network organised a wealth of events and initiatives in 2022:

• The Network held a one-day conference in conjunction with the BSC Victims Network at City University addressing perpetrators of violence against women by exploring the evidence gap in this area acknowledged by the UK Government who have commissioned research and pilot projects on perpetrators of domestic violence to inform the wider Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy and forthcoming Domestic Abuse Act (2021). Keynote speakers were Michael Flood (Queensland University of Technology) on the research side and Jo Todd, CEO Respect, practice.

• It published more videos in its Connecting Criminologists series, aiming to pair early career academics with later career academics having a critical conversation accessible enough to be widely shared beyond academia, a project started in 2020. In 2022, interviews included Emma Milne interviewing Pamela Davies, Sarah Waite interviewing Gemma Aherne. Arta Jalili-Idrissi interviewing Patricia Gray Jenny Korkodeilou interviewing Sandra Walklate and Hannah Marshall interviewing Emma Wincup.

• The Network continued its termly newsletter to showcase WCCJ members’ activities. Content included news on recent publications, research projects and events which members may be involved with. Each newsletter also featured a spotlight on a member of the network highlighting their research and background.

• The group continued its online writing group for members which began in October 2021. The group meets via Zoom once a week for 90 mins. There have been more than 30 different attendees so far, with around 4– 6 people attending per session. People have been working on a range of different writing projects.

• The Network organised four WCCJN-themed panels at this year’s BSC annual conference comprising of approximately two dozen members. The Network also organized a ‘buddy up’ scheme linking PGRs, ECRs, or those new to conferences.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

*The Policing Network, also established in 2011 with the core aims of advancing understanding of policing studies and providing an arena for information exchange, critical analysis and debate across the research, policy and practice communities – nationally and internationally - was chaired during 2022 by Matt Jones (Open University) and Katerina Hadjimatheou (University of Essex) . The Policing Network continues to be a significant source of information exchange and networking for police researchers and practitioners in the UK and abroad. It now has over 250 members. During 2022, the Network published a number of blogs including ‘What did we learn from the evidence given by Special Branch managers to the Undercover Policing Inquiry?‘ by Raphael Schlembach and ‘A solution to pitch invasions at football matches: social crime prevention, not “more policing”’ by Richard Hester, and ‘Lived Experience Advisor Scheme – Office for the Police and Crime Commissioner for Devon and Cornwall’ by Davina Cull.

*The Learning and Teaching Network was established in 2012 as a vehicle bringing together colleagues across the discipline with a specific learning and teaching interest while looking for opportunities to embed good practice at module, course and programme levels. The Network was chaired by Suzanne Young in 2022 and the Network now has 100 members.

During 2022, the Network launched its Talking Teaching with Criminologists podcast (https://anchor.fm/ talkteachcrim) with 6 episodes of the podcast published and a further 7 recorded ready to be released.

The Network also took part in a British Academy festival of ideas that celebrates research from the humanities and social sciences. Each year they host a school’s day that invites students in years 12 and 13 from local schools to attend talks and workshops led by researchers and learned societies. The LTN experience of the festival was recorded in a blog on the BSC website.

The Network held an online seminar series covering Authentic Assessments in criminology, Restorative Approaches to Learning and Teaching and What Does Employability Look Like in Criminology. The last event Managing Difficult Conversations in the Classroom took place in December. This 90-minute seminar comprised two 30-minute presentations – ‘Cultivating trauma-informed pedagogies in criminology: Insights from student victim-survivors’ by Julia Downes (The Open University) and ‘An inclusive learning design approach to individual and socially sensitive topics in the classroom’ by. Rachael Burns and Cynthia Meersohn Schmidt (University of York) - followed by 30 minutes for questions and networking.

The Network has published three new blog posts on the LTN website - Sean Butcher: ‘Taking stock of employability in criminology: how much do we really know about our students?’, Gary Saunders: ‘Why Students as Producer?’ and Julia Downes: ‘How Can We Better Support Student Learning of Sensitive Topics in Distance Education?’

*The Victims Network was set up by Pamela Davies of Northumbria University in 2014 bringing together those who have interests around victims of crime and social harm, survivors and resilience. In 2022 it was chaired by Hannah Bows (University of Durham). Its key activity during 2022 was the joint event with the Women Crime and Criminal Justice Network on perpetrators of violence against women described above.

*The Critical Criminology Network - launched in 2015 - was chaired in 2022 by Oliver Smith (Plymouth University) and Tammy Ayres (University of Leicester) with a remit to ‘breathe new life into critical criminology, encouraging critical criminologists to hatch new ideas that relate to the world as it is now’. The Critical Criminology Network worked in partnership with the BSC Postgraduate Committee to organise the day of masterclasses and mindful critical criminological reflections of the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic described above.

*The Prison Research Network (PRN) was set up in 2015 and is currently chaired by David Best from Leeds Trinity University with Sarah Plimley from Staffordshire University as the vice-chair. It provides a forum for prison researchers to share information and experience about prisons. Sub-groups within the network include a postgraduate and ECR group and an education in prisons group. The membership currently stands at 92 and the Network has a vibrant online presence, particularly on Twitter. In addition to a recent seminar about User Voice research in prison from Shadd Maruna from Queens University in Belfast, the Network organised presentations from Faye Taxman from George Mason University about drugs research in prisons and from Mike Wheatley from the Ministry of Justice about building recovery models in UK Prisons.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

*The Early Career Researchers Network was launched in 2016 under the chair of Anna Sergi (Essex University) and chaired in 2022 by Adam Lynes of Birmingham City University and Jayne Price at Chester, with an aim to support post-doctoral researchers as they enter criminological working life, thus concentrating on events and initiatives of interest to this specific group. Following a survey at the end of 2020, the Network established a Zoom informal catch-up space to give Early Career criminologists the opportunity to meet other ECs and have discussions about research, surviving online teaching, juggling PhD, managing workload, uncertainty and anything else! Badged Meet Up!, later events included talks followed by informal catch ups at a time well suited to work and homelife commitments. Talks in 2022 included BSC LTN chair Suzanne Young on delivering Learning and teaching as an Early Career Researcher. This interactive session offered guidance on planning and delivering lectures and seminars, and offered tips on the most effective ways to engage students.

*The Historical Criminology Network (chaired in 2022 by Esmorie Miller, London South Bank University, now Lancaster University) was set up in 2018. In February 2022 the Network held its inaugural Meet the Authors event. Dave Churchill, Iain Channing, and Henry Yeomans discussed their new book Historical Criminology. Held online, the event - the first of a planned series - attracted a global audience with attendees from Ghana, Chile, Ireland, the United States, Canada, Kenya, Peru and Malta with a lively and wide-ranging Q&A. The Network are keen to maintain the international audience by offering hybrid events. Their events have included ’Decolonialization and Counter-Colonial Criminology’ with speaker Biko Agozino – Professor of Sociology, Virginia Tech University, Virginia, USA. ‘Anti-Gender Politics in the Populist Moment’ with speaker Elzbieta Korolczuk – Associate professor in sociology, Sodertorn University, Stockholm Sweden, and ‘Racist-Gendered State Violence: Punishing Migrant Women and Separating Families’ with speaker Monish Bhatia – Lecturer in Criminology, Birkbeck University and BSC Race Matters Network chair. The Network’s biggest event was a twoday conference at University College Dublin ‘War Makes Monsters: crime & criminality in times of conflict’ held in June 2022 – the adage ‘war makes monsters’ - war makes criminals of some, while exonerating others - created a context for the renegotiation of what constitutes ‘crime’ in an historical and global context from medieval times to the present day.

*The Hate Crime Network also launched in 2018 originally chaired by Jo Smith (Brighton University) but during 2022 chaired by Irene Zempi (Nottingham Trent University) held podcasts, a series of PGR and ECR online events and a major hybrid conference; and launched a newsletter.

The Hate Crime Network podcast series included the following guests: Jack López – ‘Trans Rights are Human Rights’; Stephen MacDonald, Catherine Donovan and John Clayton, who won the 2022 Hate Crime Network Article Prize Award for their paper ‘“I may be left with no choice but to end my torment” disability and intersectionalities of hate crime’; Monish Bhatia, who won the 2021 Hate Crime Network Article Prize Award for the paper: 'The Permission to be Cruel: Street-Level Bureaucrats and Harms Against People Seeking Asylum'; and Michael Rowe and Ruth Lewis, who won the 2019 Hate Crime Network Article Prize Award for their paper ‘Misogyny Online: Extending the boundaries of Hate Crime'.

The Hate Crime Network continued to run regular online events to create a supportive space for PGRs and ECRs who are researching within the area of hate studies. These included an interactive workshop with Chris Allen about policy, public engagement and impact; a presentation by Daisy Matthews discussing how religious and spiritual sex workers negotiate their identities for safety and stigma management; and a presentation from Amrik Singh exploring the impact of neutral, pro-defendant and pro-victim LGBT & non-LGBT-co-mock-jurors on mock-juror decisions in transphobic hate crime.

The key event organised by the Hate Crime Network was a one-day Disability Hate Crime conference ‘Known harms and future directions’ held in June 2022 at the University of Leicester with total hybrid access. The purpose of the conference was to bring together victims, academics, support organisations and elements of the criminal justice system to discuss the impacts of disability hate crime (DHC). 102 people attended in person and 178 online. The event was recorded, and the slides and recording are available on the Network webpage. The Network also developed accessibility measures to ensure inclusivity including an accessible venue, free parking on site, reserved seats for those who needed front row seating/space, a lectern with adjustable height and seating at the front for speakers who might not be able to stand for long, three quiet rooms, agendas printed on coloured paper for easy reading, slides sent out before the event and volunteers to help on the day.

In December 2022, the Hate Crime Network launched its first online newsletter, which provides an update on the latest news and events regarding the Network (published every 3 months).

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

*The Race Matters Network was launched in 2019 chaired by Coretta Phillips (LSE) and Pamela Ugwudike (University of Southampton). In 2022, it was chaired by Monish Bhatia (Birkbeck) and Bankole Cole (Sheffield Hallam). The aim of the Network is to foster greater attention to the dynamics of race and racism in criminological projects and practice, including in the wider work of the BSC; offer support, solidarity and academic development to Black and minority ethnic scholars in criminology, as well as those working within the subfield of race and criminology; engage with local communities, practitioners and policy makers to influence, listen and inform around questions of race and racism; and to foster wider recognition of the contribution of Black and minority ethnic scholars to criminology, historically, nationally and internationally.

In 2022, the Network held an extensive seminar series including:

‘Counterterrorism in the UK: The Policing of Muslims in the name of fighting armed Muslim Groups’. Rizwaan Sabir (Liverpool John Moores University).

‘The Muslim, State and Mind: The Psychologisation of Counter-Extremism’. Tarek Younis, (Middlesex University), with discussant Arun Kundnani, author of ‘The Muslims are Coming! Islamophobia, extremism, and the domestic War on Terror’ (Verso, 2014) and ‘The End of Tolerance: racism in 21st century Britain’ (Pluto, 2007), which was selected as a New Statesman book of the year.

'Crisis Ordinariness and Racial Justice’ by Nasar Meer, Director of RACE.ED at the University of Edinburgh.

'Policing the Borders Within: Globalisation, State Power and Magic' by Ana Aliverti, University of Warwick.

‘Blackscapes: Urban Precarity, State Violence and Insurgent Politics in a Zone of Nonbeing’ by Dr Jamie Amparo Alves.

Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian: ‘Racialized Swarming, Sacralized Politics, and Criminal Penetratabilities: Occupied Jerusalem, and Settler Colonial Israel’

Ather Zia: ‘Decolonizing Postcolonialism And The Case Of Kashmir’

Gemma Lousley: ‘Racialised Constructions Of Punishability in Sentencing Hearings For ‘Unwanted’ Migrants’

Jon Burnett (and Professor Avery Gordon as discussant) ‘Rethinking Work and the Carceral State’

Coretta Phillips: ‘Race Against the Machine: Febrile Politics and Stasis Criminology’

Aaron Winter: ‘White Terror: On the Far Right, Counterterrorism and the Racialisation of Violence’

*The Green Criminology Research Network, was also set up in 2019 and chaired by James Heydon of Nottingham University and Angus Nurse of Nottingham Trent University during 2022 with the aims of providing an arena to share information, experience and perspectives on environmental crimes and harms, advancing understandings and stimulating debate on environmental issues across the spheres of research, policy and practice and promoting the inclusion of environmental issues into criminological teaching and learning strategies, curricula and/or benchmarks. They currently have a membership of 86 members and 760 Twitter followers.

*In 2020 the BSC launched the Vulnerability Network chaired by Harriet Pierpoint (University of South Wales) and Roxanna Dehaghani (Cardiff University). This network provides a forum for discussion on the complexities inherent to researching vulnerability within the context of crime and justice. In 2022, the Network launched its own website and hosted a podcast ‘Mental Health & Policing’ by Samantha Weston (Otherwise Silent) exploring the ways in which the police come into contact with people suffering from mental health conditions with the backdrop of austerity and cuts to services.

The growth in specialist networks in the last few years has represented a considerable increase in Society activity, improving the discipline of criminology’s research visibility and hence impact. Most of the networks have not just JISC mail lists of members – which are open to everybody not just BSC members – but also separate websites (for example, the Learning and Teaching Network https://bscltn.wordpress.com/ and the Women, Crime and Criminal Justice Network https://wccjn.wordpress.com/) and blogs and Twitter accounts to engage with the wider world. The BSC welcomes expressions of interest for new specialist networks.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Prizes Committee

In 2022, the Society awarded its Outstanding Achievement Award to Professor Nigel South, Emeritus Professor at Essex University, in recognition of half a century of work in academic and real-world criminology.

The ground-breaking academic was one of the first criminologists to highlight the privatisation of policing and criminal justice in the UK. He worked with MPs and pressure groups to campaign for regulation of private security companies, door security, and private investigators.

Professor South also worked at the Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence throughout the 1980s, acting as a leading commentator on drugs issues and policy. He was one of the early champions of the ‘harm reduction’ approach and was a member of the founding editorial board of the International Journal of Drug Policy which helped shape worldwide drug policy reform.

Recent work has focused on the area of ‘green’ criminology and he was one of a small number of founding figures in this new field. This partly reflected an intellectual interest in the question of why criminology and public health fail to engage effectively given the dynamics of exclusion and poverty that drive many shared problems related to pollution, drugs, alcohol, housing, and social injustice. These connections have been even more relevant in the pandemic. Professor South is a member of the Essex Sustainability Institute.

Professor South has published more than 28 books and journal special issues as author, co-author, editor or coeditor, and more than170 articles and book chapters. He is currently European Editor of Critical Criminology, an Associate Editor of Deviant Behavior, and a member of the international editorial board of International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. He has previously served on the editorial boards of Sociology, The International Journal of Drug Policy and The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. From January 2015 to August 2021, he was Director of the Centre for Criminology at Essex.

Professor South has provided mentoring and support to others via community activities, PhD supervision and employment of early career researchers on funded projects. In management roles he brought the strengths of a sociological and criminological perspective to various projects and partnerships, including work with the NHS, developments at new university campuses in HE ‘cold spots’ in Southend and Ipswich, widening participation initiatives, and support for schools in areas of multiple deprivation, as well as coordinating a knowledgeexchange partnership with an NHS ‘social enterprise’ promoting community-based service provision. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of Open Road, the drug and alcohol services charity.

The annual book prize, sponsored by Routledge, was awarded to Raven Bowen for her book ‘Work, Money and Duality: Trading Sex as a Side Hustle’. Raven Bowen is Chief Executive Officer at National Ugly Mugs, a pioneering, national organisation that provides greater access to justice and protection for sex workers who are often targeted by dangerous individuals and face obstacles to reporting, access to service and police protection. Based on extensive empirical work, her book illustrates contemporary accounts of individuals taking extraordinary risks to hold jobs in both sex industries and non-sex work employment. It also opens a dialogue about how sex industries are stratified in the UK in terms of race and culture against the backdrop of Brexit. Debunking stereotypes of sex workers and challenging our stigmatisation of them, this book makes an invaluable contribution to discourses about work, society and future policy.

Rachel Vipond, Chair of the BSC Prizes committee and judging panel, said: ‘The skills shown by Raven in bringing together such a vast range of knowledge about and knowledge sources on the subject of sex work is a huge contribution to make as a criminologist and for other criminologists to bear witness to. One of the main attributes of the book is its ability to make a wider contribution to the discipline of criminology – beyond a criminology that is primarily concerned about sex work – a criminology that concerns itself with preventable harms, precarity, inequality and quasi-criminal and social justice (surely core criminological and victimological concerns) will find this book has a contribution to make to their own criminological imagination should they wonder about picking it up as a monograph ostensibly about trading sex. It was a worthy winner in a very highquality field.’

This year’s Postgraduate research poster prize was awarded to Jana Macfarlane Horn from the Open University. The award team felt that her poster was interesting aesthetically whilst presenting excellent case studies to highlight the main themes of corporate crime and accountability.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

The Women, Crime and Criminal Justice Network awarded their 2022 Paper Prize to Gemma Ahearne for her article ‘Criminologist or criminal? Liminal spaces as the site for auto/biography’ in which she speaks candidly about her own involvement in the sex industry, her connections to organised crime, and her experience of victimisation, trauma and criminalisation. Reviewers felt that Ahearne’s valuable ‘insider researcher’ contribution ‘stands in contrast to a field which remains androcentric and often romanticises violent masculine subjects’, and that Ahearne is ‘disrupt[ing] the status quo and challen[ging] the structural inequalities of the discipline by voicing her truth’. Ahearne shows that women’s auto/biographies matter and should be central to the discipline of criminology.

The 2022 Hate Crime Network Article Prize was awarded to Professor Stephen MacDonald, Professor Catherine Donovan and Dr John Clayton for their paper “I may be left with no choice but to end my torment’: disability and intersectionalities of hate crime”.

The National Award for Excellence in Teaching Criminology 2022 LTN Prize was awarded to Christopher Kay and Jenny Ardley from Loughborough University. They received the award for their Rehabilitation and Recovery module. Their module utilises technology enhanced learning to provide ‘lived experience’ insight through an innovative video diary approach, and offers students the opportunity to supervise this fictional ‘client’ serving a community order. There were clear links to graduate skills and a strong embedding of student support evidenced in the application, and the judging panel were very impressed with the demonstration of innovative practice.

We congratulate all of our 2022 prize winners.

Publications Committee

The new editorial team from Southampton and Cambridge Universities Loraine Gelsthorpe, Anita Lavorgna and Pamela Ugwudike continued as editors-in-chief of the Society’s journal Criminology & Criminal Justice. As always, we would like to thank the editorial team and also the reviewers for their prompt, rigorous and thoughtful reviews. The journal performed well across many metrics with a 5-year Impact Factor of 2.687 and a CiteScore of 4.9.

The most downloaded article in 2022 was ‘Like mother, like child? Sex differences in the maternal transmission of offending among a Scottish cohort of pre-adolescent children’ by Babak Jahanshahi, Susan McVie, Kath Murray with a remarkable 28.830 downloads. CCJ’s top Altmetric Score (mentions of journal articles across online platforms ) for Content Published in 2022 was for the article ‘Technology-facilitated violence: A conceptual review’ by Matthew Mitchell, Jackson Wood, Tully O’Neill and Mark A. Wood.

The BSC together with our co-owners Sage are monitoring the impact of Open Access policies on our potential journal subscriptions and publishing milieu while exploring how to extend the journal’s reach. in terms of readership and contributors. Open Access Agreements continued to grow in 2022, enabling Sage to offer more routes to open access for our authors. New policy initiatives on Open Access were expected in 2023.

There were two Newsletters in 2022 – the summer Newsletter was on the theme of ‘Sexual Violence, Safety, and Space’ and the winter one contained articles on the subject of ‘Drug Market Developments’. The 'open rate' for both newsletters was 50%.

The online Papers from the British Criminology Conference was also published including an article from OAA winner Nigel South ’Arguing with Stan and Revisiting Rosa: Some Thoughts on New Criminologies in a Changing World’, ‘Architecture for Disappearance: Performing Repression and Memory in a Former Torture Site in Buenos Aires’ by Michael Wellch, ‘The Failure to Label: The Role of Discourse in Resistance to Recognising ‘Misogyny’ as a Hate Crime’ by Kim McGuire, and ‘ British Victims of Modern Slavery: Journeys into Criminal Exploitation and Alternative Interventions’ by Craig Barlow.

The bi-monthly bulletin was sent to 99.5% of all members and the average ‘open rate’ was just over 41% which is well above the industry standard for Membership Organisations (23%) and Education (29% open rate). The average open rate for all industries in 2022 was 21.3% (source: Mailchimp).

The BSC blog: https://thebscblog.wordpress.com/ continued to attract authors and readers, although we received fewer good quality submissions during 2022. As a response to this, the chair of the Publications Committee Marian Duggan hosted a Blog writing workshop which was well attended and received.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

During the year we published 12 articles and there were around 14,000 visitors.

Financial review

This year we have continued our policy of 'clarity in finance', to ensure that the Society's finances are presented in a transparent fashion so that the membership can easily ascertain the current financial position of the Society. To this end we have included detail on the nature of the expenditure and income streams of the Society, in particular the costs associated with the two membership journals. We have also included information in this section to further explain some of the figures in the financial report.

The Society's reported fund balances increased in 2022 from £159,294 at the end of 2021 to £179,189 as of 31 December 2022, a level in keeping with the Society's regular expenditure plans and its reserves policy (see below). The increase is majorly due to savings made in venue hire, travel and subsistence due to the ongoing impact of the lockdown.

We worked hard to increase memberships with a noticeable increase in subscription revenue to £76,966. Alongside long-term members we have a 25% flux and make continued efforts to attract and retain members in the face of increasing costs and financial uncertainty introducing schemes to attract undergraduate and other groups. We also received £19,371 in profit share from our annual conference held at the University of Surrey.

The Society continued to receive 23 standing order payments varying in amounts from a few pounds to an outdated membership subscription. The Society has made a number of efforts to reach out to those making standing order payments through a process of identifying and contacting them (by email and letter). These payments sometimes come from members who have transferred to direct debit but failed to cancel their standing orders but in many of the extant cases the originator is unidentifiable and the amounts very small. These standing order payments cannot be stopped by the Society, only the account holder, and they no longer attract membership benefits. They remain an administrative burden to the Society in terms of accounting for them in audit and the continued efforts we make to contact the originator. At the 2016 AGM, it was agreed that we would treat such monies as donations to be used to support the charitable activities of the BSC and therefore the monies involved have been transferred from creditors to income in the following accounts where they appear as donations.

We should also report the ongoing financial success of our Journal Criminology & Criminal Justice which saw the Society receive £32,226 in royalty income – an increase from 2021 in a very challenging year for academic publishing. We continue to carefully monitor the impact on our finances as subscriptions pass from pay to read to pay to publish as a result of the government’s open access publishing agenda. In 2022, it cost £28,031 to print member copies of the British Journal of Criminology (a form of support for this prestigious journal to which the Society has historical links) and a stable £9,048 for Criminology & Criminal Justice. The print cost of BJC saw a decrease on that for the previous year due to a renegotiation of unit cost.

Mindful of the current unpredictable financial climate, the Society has sought to review ongoing service commitments and through an increasingly streamlined record-keeping structure and administration sought to cut costs. The Trustees will be assessing the short and midterm impacts of the cost-of-living crisis as part of their wider strategic planning and will adjust spending plans accordingly.

In summary, the finances throughout 2022 have remained reasonably healthy. The Society continues to improve its educative, research and policy-related interests and while ensuring the financial security of the Society wishes to continue to develop a project-based long-term strategy to ensure that funds are spent wisely to ensure the health of the discipline of criminology, for the benefit of our members and wider society (see below).

As ever, we would like to thank our Executive Director Charlotte Harris and Membership Coordinator Steven Rawlings for their excellent work in continually improving the Society’s infrastructure and administration while progressing policy and wider interests. Particular efforts this year have centred on the improvement of the member database and improved data communication with other service providers.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Policy for holding reserves

The BSC has set its reserves at a level at least equivalent to three months’ operational expenditure and has done so having regards to its manner of operation and likely funding streams. The reserves level includes staff salary and pension costs and other general running costs on average based on median year-on-year increases, together with the potential for each of its regional groups and specialist networks to draw on the £1,000 annual budget agreed as policy, while acknowledging that many of them do not. The figure does not include the £5,144 designated funds which belong to the Youth Criminology/Youth Justice and Learning and Teaching Networks from sponsorship and profit from paid for events. The reserves amount also recognizes the imbalanced paymentdue dates of some of its main payments – i.e. the printing costs of journals both fall due in the early months of the calendar year. The Society’s main income streams are variable in nature with fluctuation in membership subscriptions and particularly annual conference income demonstrated in accounting records from previous years (this is in part deliberate as while the Society wishes to host its conference in all parts of the UK it recognises that some geographical areas are more intrinsically attractive, especially to overseas delegates, than others). Conference income is even more unpredictable in the current climate, with considerable uncertainty as to delegates’ ability to procure conference attendance off employers and the off-putting prospect of the major cost implication of almost all truly hybrid options. Royalty income is also unpredictable in the next few years as the effects of the Government’s open access policy become apparent. The trustees will review the amount of reserves that are required to ensure that they are adequate to fulfil the charity’s continuing obligations on a quarterly basis at their executive meetings.

Future of the Society

The Society relies on three main income streams – membership subscriptions, journal royalties and annual conference income – and each must be reviewed to ensure the continued financial health of the charity. This is said acknowledging that some of the current financial health of the society is linked to reduced expenditure in terms of Executive Committee meetings and events being predominantly online.

The Society has moved to a more proactive membership strategy. A membership recruitment drive was begun in 2016 starting with former members and reaching out to new groups such as undergraduates and practitioners. Increased numbers of members will both increase income but also make the Society more relevant and impactful in its dealings with policy and outfacing groups. We have negotiating with our partner publishers re online-only membership options thus reducing print costs to those who really want a print copy of either our journal Criminology & Criminal Justice, or the British Journal of Criminology.

We are continuously striving to improve our annual conference experience and make the BSC attractive in the face of increasing competition in this field. The Executive Committee is very aware of the costs of attending the Society’s conference and will be pursuing new ways to reduce fees and thereby increase access particularly to those who are deterred from attending by cost alone while also addressing the needs of potential delegates in other respects, including in the post pandemic period. While this may increase attendance and increase revenue in this way, while some exploration is undertaken, this may have a negative impact on income levels.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

TRUSTEES' REPORT (CONTINUED)(INCLUDING DIRECTORS' REPORT) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Structure, governance and management

The trustees, who are also the directors for the purpose of company law, and who served during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were:

Prof B Goldson Dr H L Pierpoint Prof A J Brimicombe (Resigned 11 May 2023) Prof A Wahidin Dr R C Vipond Prof A Tseloni Prof P Davies Dr O Smith (Resigned 6 March 2023) Prof J Treadwell Dr N B A Groombridge (Resigned 9 March 2022) Prof S Walklate Dr J Smith Prof D Best Dr J W Heydon Dr V Heap Dr M C Duggan Dr M Jones (Resigned 27 June 2022) Prof A E Millie Dr J Price Dr B Cole (Resigned 12 April 2022) Mrs G Gallacher Dr H Bows Dr S Young Dr E Miller Dr I Zempi (Appointed 14 February 2022) Dr M Bhatia (Appointed 12 April 2022) Dr T W Cockcroft (Appointed 28 June 2022) Dr G A Birkett (Appointed 15 July 2022) Dr C Barlow (Appointed 25 July 2022) Dr C A O'Reilly (Appointed 1 September 2022)

The directors have conducted their own review of the major risks to which the charity is exposed and systems have been established to mitigate those risks. Significant external risks to funding have led to the development of a strategic plan, which will allow for the diversification of funding and activities. Internal risks are minimised by the implementation of procedures of authorization of all transactions and projects and to ensure consistent quality of delivery for all operational aspects of the Society. These procedures are periodically reviewed to ensure that they still meet the needs of the Society.

Each of the trustees has confirmed that there is no information of which they are aware which is relevant to the audit, but of which the auditor is unaware. They have further confirmed that they have taken appropriate steps to identify such relevant information and to establish that the auditor is aware of such information.

The trustees' report, including the strategic report, was approved by the Board of Trustees.

..............................

Prof S Walklate Trustee Dated: .........................1 August 2023

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S REPORT

TO THE TRUSTEES OF BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

I report to the trustees on my examination of the financial statements of British Society of Criminology (the Society) for the year ended 31 December 2022.

Responsibilities and basis of report

As the trustees of the Society (and also its directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 (the 2006 Act).

Having satisfied myself that the financial statements of the Society are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of the Society’s financial statements carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 (the 2011 Act). In carrying out my examination I have followed all the applicable directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act.

Independent examiner's statement

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe that in any material respect:

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the financial statements to be reached.

3 August 2023

Scott Rouse FCA UHY Hacker Young

PO Box 501 The Nexus Building Broadway Letchworth Garden City Herts SG6 9BL

Dated: .........................

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES INCLUDING INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

Unrestricted Designated
funds
funds
Notes
£
£
Income from:
Donations and legacies
3
806
-
Charitable activities
Conference income
19,371
-
Subscriptions
76,966
-
Journals income
4
(10,853)
-
Post-grad bursary scheme
-
-
Investment income
5
487
-
Total income
86,777
-
Expenditure on:
Raising funds
-
-
Charitable activities
Regional groups' spending
6
1,450
-
Prizes and sponsorship
6
407
-
Support and governance costs
7
59,444
-
Network expenses
6
3,979
-
Post-grad committee
6
458
-
Innovation fund
6
1,144
-
Total charitable expenditure
66,882
-
Total resources expended
66,882
-
Net income for the year/
Net movement in funds
19,895
-
Fund balances at 1 January 2022
154,150
5,144
Fund balances at 31 December 2022
174,045
5,144		 Total
2022
£
806
19,371
76,966
(10,853)
-
487
86,777
-
1,450
407
59,444
3,979
458
1,144
66,882
66,882
19,895
159,294
179,189		 Total
2021
£
5,072
15,000
72,537
(15,830)
722
669
78,170
-
-
94
64,470
217
-
-
64,781
64,781
13,389
145,905
159,294

The statement of financial activities also complies with the requirements for an income and expenditure account under the Companies Act 2006.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

BALANCE SHEET

AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2022

Notes
Current assets
Debtors
11
Cash at bank and in hand
Creditors: amounts falling due within
one year
12
Net current assets
Income funds
Restricted funds
Unrestricted funds		 2022
£
890
182,409
183,299
(4,110)		 £
179,189
5,144
174,045
179,189		 2021
£
310
163,011
163,321
(4,027)		 £
159,294
5,144
154,150
159,294

For the year ending 31 December 2022 the company was entiltled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.

The members have not required the company to obtain an audit in accordance with section 476 of the Companies Act 2006.

The Trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Act with respect to accounting records and for the preparation of accounts.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.

1 August 2023

The financial statements were approved by the Trustees on .........................

.............................. Prof S Walklate Trustee

Company Registration No. 03515512

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

1 Accounting policies

Company information

British Society of Criminology is a private company limited by guarantee incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is PO Box 501, The Nexus Building, Broadway, Letchworth Garden City, Herts, SG6 9BL.

1.1 Accounting convention

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Society's [governing document], the Companies Act 2006, FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the Charities SORP "Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)" (effective 1 January 2019). The Society is a Public Benefit Entity as defined by FRS 102.

The Society has taken advantage of the provisions in the SORP for charities not to prepare a Statement of Cash Flows.

The financial statements have departed from the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 only to the extent required to provide a true and fair view. This departure has involved following the Statement of Recommended Practice for charities applying FRS 102 rather than the version of the Statement of Recommended Practice which is referred to in the Regulations but which has since been withdrawn.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the Society. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

1.2 Going concern

At the time of approving the financial statements, the trustees have a reasonable expectation that the Society has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the trustees continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

1.3 Charitable funds

Unrestricted funds are available for use at the discretion of the trustees in furtherance of their charitable objectives.

Designated funds are subject to specific conditions by donors as to how they may be used. The purposes and uses of the designated funds are set out in the notes to the financial statements.

1.4 Incoming resources

Income is recognised when the Society is legally entitled to it after any performance conditions have been met, the amounts can be measured reliably, and it is probable that income will be received.

Cash donations are recognised on receipt. Other donations are recognised once the Society has been notified of the donation, unless performance conditions require deferral of the amount. Income tax recoverable in relation to donations received under Gift Aid or deeds of covenant is recognised at the time of the donation.

Conference income is recognised in the period which the conference takes place.

Membership subscriptions are recognised in the period to which the subscription relates,

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

1 Accounting policies

(Continued)

1.5 Resources expended

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to transfer economic benefit to a third party, it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required in settlement, and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably.

Expenditure is classified by activity. The costs of each activity are made up of the total of direct costs and shared costs, including support costs involved in undertaking each activity. Direct costs attributable to a single activity are allocated directly to that activity. Shared costs which contribute to more than one activity and support costs which are not attributable to a single activity are apportioned between those activities on a basis consistent with the use of resources. Central staff costs are allocated on the basis of time spent, and depreciation charges are allocated on the portion of the asset’s use.

Resources expended are included in the Statement of Financial Activities on an accruals basis.

1.6 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments.

1.7 Financial instruments

The Society has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the Society's balance sheet when the Society becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through income and expenditure, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting date. Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected.

If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in net income/(expenditure) for the year.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in net income/(expenditure) for the year.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

1 Accounting policies

(Continued)

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the Society transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Basic financial liabilities

Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other payables, accruals, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of operations from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade payables are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the Society’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

1.8 Taxation

The company is exempt from corporation tax, it being a company not carrying on a business for the purposes of making a profit.

1.9 Employee benefits

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the Society is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

1.10 Retirement benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements

In the application of the Society’s accounting policies, the trustees are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

3 Donations and legacies

Unrestricted Unrestricted
funds funds
2022 2021
£ £
Donations and gifts 806 885
Job retention scheme grants - 4,187
806 5,072

4 Charitable activities

Journals Total Total
income 2021
£ £ £
SAGE journal and other royalty receipts 32,226 32,226 30,985
Amounts payable to SAGE for printing (9,048) (9,048) (9,048)
Amounts payable to OUP for printing (28,031) (28,031) (31,767)
Amounts payable to CCJ editing team (6,000) (6,000) (6,000)
(10,853) (10,853) (15,830)
Analysis by fund
Unrestricted funds (10,853) (10,853) (15,830)

5 Investment income

Unrestricted Unrestricted
funds funds
2022 2021
£ £
Interest receivable 487 669

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

6 Charitable activities

Regional
groups'
spending
Prizes and
sponsorship
Member
services
Network
expenses
Post-grad
committee
Innovation
fund
£
£
£
£
£
£
Prizes and sponsorship
-
407
-
-
-
-
Travel and refreshments
1,450
-
-
3,979
458
-
Innovation fund
-
-
-
-
-
1,144
1,450
407
-
3,979
458
1,144
Support costs (see note 7)
-
-
53,907
-
-
-
Governance costs (see note 7)
-
-
5,537
-
-
-
1,450
407
59,444
3,979
458
1,144
Analysis by fund
Unrestricted funds
1,450
407
59,444
3,979
458
1,144
1,450
407
59,444
3,979
458
1,144
For the year ended 31 December 2021
Unrestricted funds
-
94
64,470
217
-
-
-
94
64,470
217
-
-		 Total
£
407
5,887
1,144
7,438
53,907
5,537
66,882
66,882
66,882		 Total
2021
£
311
-
-
311
56,066
8,404
64,781
64,781
64,781

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

7 Support costs

Support costs
Staff, training and office costs
Travel expenses
Insurance
Printing, postage and stationery
Telephone and fax
Subscriptions
Sundry expenses
Accountancy
Legal and professional
Bank charges		 Support
costs
Governance
costs
£
£
52,215
-
10
-
493
-
337
-
162
-
540
-
150
-
-
3,600
-
1,429
-
508
53,907
5,537		 2022
£
52,215
10
493
337
162
540
150
3,600
1,429
508
59,444		 2021
£
53,317
-
684
401
335
1,316
13
7,200
840
364
64,470

The vast majority of time and expenditure relates to the provision of services to the society's members. It is therefore reasonable to allocate all support costs and governance costs to that activity as shown in note 6.

8 Trustees

None of the trustees (or any persons connected with them) received any remuneration during the year.

9 Employees

The average monthly number employees and consultants during the year was:

2022 2021
Number Number
Administration 2 2

The key management personnel of the charity comprise the trustees and the Executive Director. The total employee benefits of the key management personnel of the charity were £31,949 (2021: £31,158).

There were no employees whose annual remuneration was more than £60,000.

10
Financial instruments
Carrying amount of financial assets
Debt instruments measured at amortised cost
Carrying amount of financial liabilities
Measured at amortised cost		 2022
£
182,409
4,110		 2021
£
163,011
4,027

BRITISH SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022

11
Debtors
2022
Amounts falling due within one year:
£
Prepayments and accrued income
890
12
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
2022
£
Accruals and deferred income
4,110
13
Analysis of net assets between funds
Unrestricted
funds
Designated
funds
£
£
Fund balances at 31 December 2022 are represented by:
Current assets/(liabilities)
174,045
5,144
174,045
5,144		 2021
£
310
2021
£
4,027
Total
£
179,189
179,189

14 Related party transactions

No guarantees have been given or received.

During the year the Trustees received expenses amounting to £10 (2021: £nil). These expenses were reimbursed to cover travel and subsistence costs to attend Executive Committee meetings and run the committees and networks.

In addition, G Gallacher received free registration to the annual conference.