2022-04-30-accounts

Company No: 02920866 Charity No: 1037513

THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

(A company limited by guarantee)

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

Hentons

Chartered Accountants Ground Floor 31 Kentish Town Road London NW1 8NL

THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

CONTENTS

	Page
Legal and administrative information	1
Report of the trustees	2-5
Independent examiner's report	6
Statement of financial activities	7
Balance sheet	8
Notes	9-13

THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

Reference and administrative details

Charity registration number: 1037513 Company registration number: 02920866 Registered office 7 Torriano Mews London NW5 2RZ

Directors and trustees

The directors of the charitable company (the charity) are its trustees for the purpose of charity law and throughout this report are collectively referred to as the trustees.

The trustees who served during the year and since the year end were as follows:

R Keene OBE ( Chairman ) Professor M A Crawford PhD FRSB FRCPath ( Research Director ) Dr R E Lister PhD FRSB Dr Z Hassam MD FRCPath M D Pirkis Dip Agric Rev S H House (Deceased 14 August 2022) Dr R Gow MSc PhD

Secretary

Dr R Gow MSc PhD

Independent examiner

J Davies Hentons Chartered Accountants Ground Floor, 31 Kentish Town Road London NW1 8NL

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

The trustees, who are also directors of the charity for the purposes of the Companies Act 2006, present their report with the financial statements of the charity for the year ended 30 April 2022.

The legal and administrative information set out on page 1 forms part of this report. The trustees confirm that the annual report and the financial statements of the charity comply with the current statutory requirements, the Memorandum and Articles of Association, and the Statement of Recommended Practice - Accounting and Reporting by Charities (Charities SORP FRS 102).

Structure, governance and management

Governing document

The Mother And Child Foundation is a charitable company limited by guarantee with no share capital, incorporated in England and Wales on 20 April 1994 and registered as a charity on 12 May 1994. The company was established under a Memorandum of Association which established the objects and powers of the charitable company and is governed under it's Articles of Association. In the event of the charity being wound up, members are required to contribute an amount not exceeding £10.

The directors of the company are also trustees of the charity. The trustees provide a balance of expertise and knowledge ranging from the representation of parents and mothers to agronomists, science and medicine. The Foundation has no offices and does not employ staff, the work being done voluntarily.

Recruitment and appointment of the board of trustees

Trustees are recruited through personal contact, advertisement or a not for profit organisation.

Trustees induction and training

New trustees meet with the Chair and present members of the Board informally to discuss the working of the Foundation, its past, present and future commitments.

Risk Management

The trustees have examined the major risks (operational, financial and general) to which the company is exposed and confirm that appropriate steps are in place to mitigate these risks.

In the present situation, we have funds underwritten for 12 months. The Foundation has no property and does not engage staff. All functions are voluntary, except for payment to our web master when requested. All studies funded by the Foundation on humans are before starting, covered by NHS ethical approval. The same applies to those conducted abroad where we insist on local ethical approval.

Objectives and activities for the public benefit

The trustees confirm that they have referred to the Charity Commission's general guidance on public benefit when reviewing the Foundation's aims and objectives and in planning future activities. The Foundation's primary goal is to foster good maternal health and prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Dissemination of the Foundation’s work has been achieved by the publication in peer reviewed publications and its web site http://www.themotherandchildfoundation.org

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

Achievements during this current financial year

The Foundation continued to support the seminal work being carried out at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College. The study of 300 pregnancies was ended in 2019, but analysis of the large data set, is still on going. Our researchers have discovered the reason why enhancement of the brain from an omega 3 supplement only enhanced the development of certain regions of the brain in the boys and not the girls. The evidence suggest the reason to be that the reproductive system of the girls is more dependent on arachidonic acid than DHA. A paper, now published, presents the details (1) of what is an important obsevation. Much attention has been given to omega 3. The omega 6 have been considered dangerous because of their inflammatory properties. However, the data from the Chelsea and Westminster Hopsital Group makes a case for arachidonic acid as critically important to reproduction. A paper making this case is in progress and will be submitted to a peer reviewed science journal (2). This new evidence is of importance because it is little recognised that arachidonic acid is a major component of brain cells, particularly in the astrocytes. It is also the parent of a group of cell regulating substances called eicosanoids which support good blood flow, control blood pressure and serve the reponse to injury with inflammation recruiting white cells to the site of damage and then helping resolve the injury. It is a major structural compnent of the tissues involved in organogenesis following the implantation of the fertilised ovum in for example, the developing cardio-vascular and immune systems, and the placenta responsible for nourising the fetus. Then it is involved as a major component of the cell membranes growing to form fetal organogensis and fetal growth itself.

Future

The recent work which we have sponsored, mainly at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College provides a powerful bio-marker that predicts preterm birth with a better than 90% confidence. It has the potential use in either the preconception clinic and or the first booking of a mother for pregnancy care. Identification of at risk women, would enable targeted prevention methods to be applied. To date, preterm birth is at the same high prevalence, if not worse compared to 1950. In the past we funded three randomised clinical trials hence we have a strong evidence base for the prevention of low birthweights and preterm birth. These carry the strogest risk for neuridevelopmental disorders including autism, learning and behavioural disabilitiesm disabilities, epilepsy, ADHD and cerbral palsy.

Following an invitation to talk at the Centernary Celebration of the National Institute of Nutrition in Hyderabad, India, Professor Crawford, our research director, was contacted by Professor S Kowsalya the Registrar and head of nutrition at the Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore with a request for collaboratove work on preterm birth and low birthweights. India has the highest prevalence of preterm birth world-wide. Prof Crawford on a previous occaision had met Avinashilingam and was deeply impressed by his acheivement and the work being done in the community by his University. This work included cooperation between the University and the schools even for small childen for whom work in the vegetable garden, caring for the hens and buffalo was a part of their curriculum. It is not surprising that the prevalence of preterm births in the Coimbatore region was half of that in surrounding, South India. A paper has ben published flowing from the NIN, Hyderabad and Coimbatore experience (3).

References:

1. Crawford M,A, Johnson M, Wang Y, Edwards D, Tusor N, Ogundipe E. Male and Female Prenatal Brain Development Differs in Response to the Maternal Omega 3 and 6 Nutritional Status, Curr Dev Nutr. 2021;5(Suppl 2):734. Published 2021 Jun 7. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzab046_031

2. THE IMPERATIVE OF ARACHIDONIC ACID IN HUMAN REPRODUCTION

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

1. M.A. Crawford, Y. Wang, D. E. Marsh, M. R. Johnson, E. Ogundipe, A Ibrahim, H. Rajkumar, S. Kowsalya, K.S.D. Kothapalli, J.T. Brenna, Neurodevelopment, nutrition and genetics. A contemporary retrospective on neurocognitive health on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India, in Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 180, (2022). 102427, ISSN 0952-3278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102427.

Financial review

The Foundation has sufficient funds to operate for a further year. New funds are urgently needed.

In the year under review, the incoming resources exceeded the resources expended by £16,273. At the balance sheet date, the reserves held was £27,559.

Reserve policy

The directors and trustees have continued the provision of £10,000 in the bank account at the National Westminster Bank.

Statement of trustees' responsibilities

The trustees (who are also directors of The Mother And Child Foundation for the purposes of company law) are responsible for preparing the trustees' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Standards.

Company law requires the trustees to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the charitable company and the incoming resources and application of resources, including income and expenditure, of the charitable company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the trustees are required to:

• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

• observe the methods and principles of the Charities SORP;

• make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

• state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

• prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the charity will continue in operation.

The trustees are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the charitable company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the charity and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The trustees confirm that to the best of their knowledge there is no information relevant to the independent examination of which the examiner is unaware. The trustees also confirm that they have taken all necessary steps to ensure that they themselves are aware of all relevant examination information and that this information has been communicated to the examiner.

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

Members of the charity guarantee to contribute an amount not exceeding £10 to the assets of the charity in the event of winding up. The number of such guarantees at 30 April 2022 was 7 (2021: 7). The trustees are members of the charity but this entitles them only to voting rights. The trustees have no beneficial interest in the charity.

Small company provisions

The above report has been prepared in accordance with the small companies' regime under the Companies Act 2006.

This report was approved by the board of trustees on 23 January 2023 and signed on its behalf by

Professor M A Crawford PhD FRSB FRCPath Director and trustee

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

Independent examiner's report to the trustees of The Mother and Child Foundation Limited

I report to the charity trustees on my examination of the accounts of The Mother and Child Foundation Limited (the charity) for the year ended 30 April 2022, which are set out on pages 7 to 13.

Respective responsibilities of trustees and examiner

As the trustees of the company (and also its directors for the purposes of company law) you are responsible for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 (the 2006 Act).

Having satisfied myself that the accounts of the company are not required to be audited under Part 16 of the 2006 Act and are eligible for independent examination, I report in respect of my examination of the charity's accounts as carried out under section 145 of the Charities Act 2011 (the 2011 Act). In carrying out my examination, I have followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under section 145(5)(b) of the 2011 Act.

Basis of independent examiner's report

I have completed my examination. I confirm that no matters have come to my attention in connection with the examination giving me cause to believe that:

1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the charity as required by section 386 of the 2006 Act; or

2. the accounts do not accord with those records; or

3. the accounts do not comply with the accounting requirements of section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a 'true and fair' view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination; or

4. the accounts have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102).

I have no concerns and have come across no other matters in connection with the examination to which attention should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

This report is made solely to the charity's trustees, as a body, in accordance with Part 4 of the Charities (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008. My work has been undertaken so that I might state to the charity's trustees those matters I am required to state to them in an Independent examiner's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, I do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the charity and the charity's trustees as a body, for my work or for this report.

J Davies FCCA Hentons Chartered Accountants Ground Floor, 31 Kentish Town Road London NW1 8NL

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

(Incorporating an Income and Expenditure Account) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

Unrestricted Note funds £ Income Donations and gifts 2 12,591 Income from charitable activities: Medical research projects 4 - Investment income 3 4 Total income 12,595 Expenditure Expenditure on charitable activities: Medical research projects 6 1,949 Total expenditure 1,949 Net income / (expenditure) and net movement 10,646 in funds for the year Reconciliation of funds: Total funds brought forward (4,326) Total funds carried forward 10 6,320	Restricted funds £ 34,500 19,000 - 53,500 47,873 47,873 5,627 15,612 21,239	Total funds 2022 £ 47,091 19,000 4 66,095 49,822 49,822 16,273 11,286 27,559	Total funds 2021 £ 36,036 9,000 9
			45,045
			47,672
			47,672
			(2,627) 13,913
			11,286

The Statement of Financial Activities also complies with the requirements for an income and expenditure account under the Companies Act 2006.

All income and expenditure derive from continuing activities. There were no other recognised gains or losses other than those stated above. Movement in funds is shown in note 10 to the financial statements.

The notes on pages 9 to 13 form part of these accounts.

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

BALANCE SHEET 30 APRIL 2022

Note Current assets Debtors 8 Cash at bank and in hand Total current assets Liabilities Creditors falling due within one year 9 Net current assets Total assets less current liabilities The funds of the charity: Unrestricted deficit 10 Restricted funds 10 Total charity funds	£ £ - 29,407 29,407 (1,848) 27,559 27,559 6,320 21,239 27,559 2022	£ £ 6,036 6,738 12,774 (1,488) 11,286 11,286 (4,326) 15,612 11,286 2021	£ £ 6,036 6,738 12,774 (1,488) 11,286 11,286 (4,326) 15,612 11,286 2021
	29,407 (1,848)	12,774 (1,488)
			11,286
			(4,326) 15,612
			11,286

For the year ended 30 April 2022 the company was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.

The members have not required the company to obtain an audit of its financial statements for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of the Companies Act 2006.

The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Act with respect to accounting records and the preparation of accounts.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies' regime and in accordance with FRS 102 SORP.

The financial statements on page 7 to 13 were approved by the board of directors and trustees on 23 January 2023 and signed on its behalf by:

Professor M A Crawford PhD FRSB FRCPath Director and trustee

Company registration no: 02920866

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

1 Accounting policies

(a) Basis of accounting

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Accounting and Reporting by Charities: Statement of Recommended Practice applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) (Charities SORP (FRS 102)), the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102), the Charities Act 2011 and the Companies Act 2006.

The charity has taken advantage of the disclosure exemption, otherwise requiring a Statement of Cash Flows, as permitted by Update Bulletin 1.

The Mother And Child Foundation meets the definition of a public benefit entity under FRS 102. Assets and liabilities are initially recognised at historical cost or transaction value unless otherwise stated in the relevant accounting policy note(s).

(b) Going concern

The accounts have been prepared on the assumption that the charity is able to continue as a going concern, which the trustees consider appropriate having regard to the current level of reserves and further guarantee of support up to £60,000 if needed.

(c) Funds accounting

Funds held by the charity are:

Unrestricted funds: these are available for use at the discretion of the trustees in furtherance of the general objectives of the charity.

Restricted funds: are subjected to restrictions on their expenditure imposed by the donor or where funds have been raised for a specific purpose.

(d) Income

All incoming resources receivable during the year are accounted for in the Statement of Financial Activities. The following specific policies are applied to particular categories of income:

Voluntary income: includes donations and gifts that provide core funding or are of a general nature is recognised where the charity has entitlement to the funds, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured with sufficient reliability.

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

Income from includes income received under contract or where entitlement to grant funding is charitable activities: subject to specific conditions and is recognised as earned. Grant income included in this category provides funding to support the undertaking of activities and is recognised where there is entitlement, it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured with sufficient reliability.

(e) Expenditure

Expenditure is recognised once there is a legal or constructive obligation to make a payment to a third party, it is probable that the settlement will be required and the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably.

Expenditure is classified under the following activity headings:

Charitable activities: include expenditure associated with medical research projects and include both the direct costs and support costs relating to these activities.

Support costs:

include central functions and have been allocated to activity cost categories to reflect the use of resources. Costs relating to a particular activity are allocated directly; they also include governance costs associated with the constitutional and statutory requirements of the charity.

2 Income from donations and gifts

Unrestricted funds £ Donations 5,060 Gift aid repayments 7,531 12,591	Restricted funds £ 34,500 - 34,500	Total 2022 £ 39,560 7,531 47,091	Total 2021 £ 30,000 6,036
			36,036

During the year, the charity received donation of £34,500 from Friends of the Mother and Child Foundation Inc. (US).

3 Investment income

The charity's investment income arises from bank interest receivable.

Bank interest receivable

2022 £ 4 4	2021 £ 9
	9

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

4 Income resources from charitable activities

The income was primarily from grants to undertake medical research projects.

	Unrestricted	Restricted	Total	Total
	funds	funds	2022	2021
	£	£	£	£
Grants receivable	-	19,000	19,000	9,000

5 Allocation of support and governance costs

The charity allocates its support costs as shown below. Support costs are allocated on a basis consistent with the use of resources and identifies those costs which relate to the governance function.

Bank charges Independent examiner's fee Other costs	Support Costs £ - - 35 35	Governance Costs £ 66 1,560 288 1,914	Total £ 66 1,560 323
			1,949

6 Analysis of expenditure on charitable activities

The charity undertakes direct charitable activities for medical research projects.

Imperial College - IBCHN Support costs Note 5 Governance costs Note 5	£ 47,873 35 1,914
	49,822

(IBCHN - Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition)

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

7 Taxation

The charitable company is exempt from corporation tax on its charitable activities.

8 Debtors

Other debtors and prepayments Creditors: amounts falling due within one year Other creditors and accruals Movement in funds Opening balance £ Unrestricted funds General funds (4,326) Restricted funds Grants and donations 15,612 Total funds 11,286	Income £ 12,595 53,500 66,095 Movement	Expenditure £ 1,949 47,873 49,822 in resources	2022 £ - 2022 £ 1,848 1,848 Transfer between funds £ - - -	2021 £ 6,036
				2021 £ 1,488
				1,488
				Closing balance £ 6,320 21,239
				27,559

9 Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

10 Movement in funds

11 Purposes of restricted funds

Grants and donations receivable were used for the studies on maternal and child nutrition and health.

12 Analysis of net assets between funds

Unrestricted funds Restricted funds	Net current assets £ 6,320 21,239 27,559	Total £ 6,320 21,239
		27,559

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THE MOTHER AND CHILD FOUNDATION LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 APRIL 2022

13 Trustees' remuneration

The trustees received no remuneration or benefits in kind during the year.

14 Related party transactions

During the year, the following trustees made donations to the charity:

	2022	2021
	£	£
Professor M A Crawford	4,640	30,000

At the balance sheet date, the charity owed Professor M A Crawford £Nil (2021 £Nil).

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