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2023-07-31-accounts

REGISTERED COMPANY NUMBER: 02867380 (England and Wales)
REGISTERED CHARITY NUMBER: 1028482
Report of the Trustees and
Unaudited Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 July 2023
for
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Merchant & Co
Chartered Certified Accountants
2 Craven Road
Ealing
London
W5 2UA
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Contents of the Financial Statements
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023
Page
Reference and Administrative Details 1
Report of the Trustees 2 to 5
Independent Examiner's Report 6 to 7
Statement of Financial Activities 8
Balance Sheet 9 to 10
Notes to the Financial Statements 11 to 17
Detailed Statement of Financial Activities 18
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Reference and Administrative Details

for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

TRUSTEES Dr Lynne Attwood
Dr Philip Bullock University Professor
Dr Adam Wake Fergus University Lecturer
Dr James Rann University Lecturer (resigned 24.2.23)
Simon Jackson Chair (appointed 24.2.23) (resigned 4.1.24)
Trustees hold office for a period of three years and then retire. A retiring member is eligible for re-election.
Members of the charitable company agree to contribute an amount not exceeding £1 to the assets of the charitable company in
the event of a winding-up.
REGISTERED OFFICE Noon Sun Cottage
Sycamore Road
Birch Vale
High Peak
SK22 1AG
REGISTERED COMPANY NUMBER 02867380 (England and Wales)
REGISTERED CHARITY NUMBER 1028482
INDEPENDENT EXAMINER Merchant & Co
Chartered Certified Accountants
2 Craven Road
Ealing
London
W5 2UA
SOLICITORS Gordon Cranswick
Solicitors
14 Piccadilly
Bradford
BD1 3LX
BANKERS CAF BANK Limited
Kings Hill
Kent
ME19 4TA
Page 1
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Report of the Trustees
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023
ThetrusteeswhoarealsodirectorsofthecharityforthepurposesoftheCompaniesAct2006,presenttheir report
with the financialstatementsof the charityfor the year ended 31 July 2023. The trusteeshave adoptedthe provisions
of AccountingandReportingby Charities:Statementof RecommendedPracticeapplicableto charitiespreparing their
accountsinaccordancewiththeFinancialReportingStandardapplicableintheUK andRepublicofIreland(FRS 102)
(effective 1 January 2019).

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

Objectives and aims

TheobjectsofRussianLanguageUndergraduateStudiesLimited(RLUS)aretheadvancementofeducation by
organisingandfacilitatingintensive,highqualitycoursesintheRussianlanguageandplacementsfor students
studyinginUnitedKingdomuniversitiesincountrieswhereRussianiswidelyspoken.SincetheRussianinvasion of
Ukrainewe have been unableto send studentsto Russia itself,so we currentlywork with a companycalled Pinegroup
toruncoursesinEstonia(Tallinn)andKazakhstan(Astana).BothcountrieswerepartoftheSovietUnion,but have
been independent since 1991 when the Soviet Union broke up.
StudyingRussianinitselfisofgreatadvantagetothestudentswhoattendthesecourses.Unfortunatelytheyare no
longerabletoliveinRussiaandexperienceRussianculturewhileontheseplacements.However,theywillhave the
experienceof livingincountrieswhichhavea longstandingrelationshipwithRussia,largeethnicRussian populations
andwhich,bothin the ImperialRussiaandSovieteras, were coloniesof Russia.The countriesare at oppositeends of
theformerSovietUnionandareverydifferent,geographically,culturallyandpolitically;sotooaretheir attitudes
towardsRussia.Ifstudentschoosetodividetheyearbetweenthecountries,theywillreturnwithamuch greater
understandingofRussia'sattitudestowardsthe'nearabroad'(formerSovietrepublics).Thiswillbe particularly
valuable in the present day, given Russia's war against Ukraine.

Main objectives for the year

ThemainobjectivesfortheyeararetoensurethatourcoursesinEstoniaandKazakhstancontinuetomaintain the
same high standard as our courses in Russia in  previous years.

Strategies for achieving these objectives

ThecoursesaremonitoredbytheOperationsConsultantandtrustees,whocarryoutpastoralvisitstodiscuss the
runningof the courseswith studentsand course providers.The OperationsConsultantusuallyconductstwo visits per
yearherself,oneinEstoniaandoneinKazakhstan,andisassistedbytheotherTrusteeswhocarryout additional
visits. The aim is to visit every cohort of students on  RLUS courses.
Page 2
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Report of the Trustees
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

Significant activities

Asreportedinthelastyearreport,RLUShadtowithdrawfromRussiafollowingtheinvasionofUkrainein February
2022.DrAttwood,togetherwiththeformerdirectorofLanguageLinkinMoscow,RobertJensky,whois now
officiallyresidentinEstonia,thensetaboutdevelopingnewcoursesinTallinn(Estonia)andAstana (Kazakhstan).
ThesecoursesarerunbyMrJensky'snewEstoniancompany,PineGroup.Pinegroupbeganbyrunning two
three-weeksummerschoolsinTallinn,heldinMayandJune2022;thiswastomakeuptostudentswhose study
abroadhadbeenso disruptedbythewarinUkraine,andalsotosee howstudentsfoundtheexperienceof studying
Russianin Estonia,which,as a reluctantmember of the formerSovietUnion,did not have a positiveattitude towards
Russia.
ThecourseswereextremelysuccessfulandthestudentsfoundtheexperienceofstudyinginEstoniaenjoyable and
productive.From28August2022,webeganrunningcoursesinTallinnandAstanaofthesamelengthsasthose we
previouslyraninRussiaforstudentsintheir3rdyearofUniversitystudy:13weeks,16weeksinsemester1and 18
weeksinSemester2,and34weeks.Wealsoputona32weekespeciallyforyear2studentsfromOxford,who had
previouslyhad a 32 week coursein Yaroslavlin Russia.The UK Universitieswere initiallymore attractedby the Tallinn
courseandsentmostoftheirstudentsthereinthefirstsemesterofthe2022-23academicyear.Fourstudents, two
fromCambridgeandtwofromSheffield,wentto Astana.PhilipBullock,theRLUSLiaisonOfficerfromOxford, carried
outapastoralvisittoTallinnandfoundthestudentslargelyveryhappywiththeirplacements;theywere very
enthusiasticaboutthecourse,largelyhappywiththeiraccommodation,andveryappreciativeofthe extra-curricular
activitiesput on for them by the LanguageLink staff. Their only concernwas that there was not enoughopportunity to
have meaningful conversations in Russian outside of the language school.
LynneAttwood,theRLUSOperationsConsultant,carriedoutapastoralvisittoAstanaandfoundavery different
situationthere; Russianis one of the country'stwo officiallanguagesand is spokenby 95% of the population,and the
fourRLUSstudentsstudyinginAstanainthefirstsemestersaidtheyenjoyedtotalimmersioninthelanguage. The
factthattheywereverypositiveabouttheirexperienceofstudyingRussianinKazakhstanencouragedtheother UK
UniversitiestoallowtheirstudentsthechoiceofstudyingeitherinTallinnorKazakhstan.SomeUniversity Liaison
Officers have reportedthat some studentsare nervous of going somewhere for an extended period of time which is  so
culturallydifferentandsofarfromhome,andsothereisstillaveryhealthyuptakeofplacesontheTallinn courses.
However,Astanahasprovedincreasinglypopular,withtheresultthattherearenowroughlyequivalentnumbers of
students signing up for courses in both cities.

Public benefit

ThecharityhasreferredtotheguidancecontainedintheCharityCommission'sgeneralguidanceonpublic benefit
whenreviewingitsaimsandobjectivesandinplanningitsfutureactivities.Inparticular,theboardof trustees
considers how planned activities will contribute to the aims and objectives which they have set.
Thestudentsarethecharity'sbeneficiaries;RLUShasaimedtohelpthemattaina goodknowledgeofthe language,
the peopleand the country,whichwill standthem in goodstead when they graduateand eitherseek employment or
go on to higher degrees.

ACHIEVEMENT AND PERFORMANCE

Performance

At the end of each course,our partnersin Tallinnand Astanaprovideus with marks and attendancestatisticsfor each
student.Thesearepassedontothestudent'suniversityinGreatBritain.Studentperformancecontinuesto be
satisfactorytotheBritishuniversities,andmostBritishuniversitieswithaRussiandepartmentcontinuetouse the
services of RLUS.

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Funding sources

TheprincipalsourceoffundingcontinuestobecontributionsmadebyBritishuniversitiesandstudents. These
contributionshavebeencarefullycalculatedtocoverthecostsofadministrationandfeespayabletothe course
providers in Tallinn and Astana. However, unforeseen events can complicate these calculations (see below).
Page 3
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Report of the Trustees
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Investment policy

Exceptforabaseinvestmentof£60,000heldinNationalSavingsBonds,allothercashisheldinaninterest bearing
current account as this is essentially working capital.

Review

Thisyear'saccountsshowa deficitof £2,735(2022:£39,752),Studentnumbersdecreasedto89 students(151in the
yearended31July2022).Thedecreaseinstudentnumbersisreflectedinthedecreaseincoursefeespaidto RLUS,
from£311,958to£287,351thisyear.Thetotalcostofcoursesincludingthetuitionfeesforuniversities decreased
accordingly from £309,030 to £249,800.

Reserves policy

The boardof trusteescontinuesto keep a vigilanteye on the state of the reserves with a view to maintainingthem at
leasttoalevelwhichwillenablethecharitytoceaseoperationsatanygiventimeandtosatisfyallcreditors and
liabilitiesexistingat thattime. A reserve is necessaryto absorba badoperatingyear whichcoulddepletefundsby up
to£30,000.Costsofclosurearesmallandtheminimumsumseenasnecessarytomaintainareservetocater for
closurecostsis£10,000.Trusteeswereawareiftherewasamajorphysicalcatastropheorperiodofpolitical unrest
RLUS would be faced with significant costs, such as the possible transport of students back to the UK quickly.
Sucha catastrophicevent in the past(the Chernobyldisasterin 1986)cost RLUS over £35,000in transportation costs.
However,theboardof trusteeswascertainthatthelevelof reserveswouldbe sufficienttoaccomplishthistaskif it
wasrequiredagain.AftertheinvasionofUkraineinFebruary2022,andtheclosureofEuropeanairspaceto Russian
planes,RLUSwaspreparingtoevacuatestudentsonceagain,andtheOperationsConsultantwasindiscussion with
theRussiancourseprovidersaboutthecharteringof busestotakethestudentstoHelsinkiorTallinn.However, this
provedunnecessary,asthecourseprovidersmanagedthemselvestogetthestudentsoutofRussiabyavariety of
means.
The targetreserve is £75,000,made up of £40,000to cover 12 months'runningexpensesplus£35,000for emergency
transportation costs.
In orderto maintainreservesat a sufficientbutnotexcessivelevel,RLUS was graduallydecreasingthe  administration
feechargedtostudentsand,asfaraspossible,holdingdownyearonyearincreasesincoursecosts. Unfortunately
this has been complicated by the fact that the courses in Russia were cheaper than those in Estonia and Kazakhstan.

FUTURE PLANS

TheboardoftrusteeshastakenontwonewmembersoftheRLUSCommittee.WhenLynneAttwoodleft the
voluntarypostof Chairto replaceRoyBivonas OperationsConsultantin February2022,the Chairbecamevacant. At
theAGMinFebruary2023wetookonanewChair,SimonJackson,whohasafirst-classhonoursdegreein Russian
andaprofessionalcareerineducation.OurSecretary/AdministratorAnnaClark,whohasworkedforRLUSon a
freelancebasisforthreedecades,resignedinthesummerof2023andhasbeenreplacedbyKathrynRoyle. Kath,
whoseprofessionalbackgroundisinFinance,hasnotonlytakenonAnnaClark'sfunctionsbutalsothe financial
aspects of the OperationsConsultantposition.We have named this new post Finance,Administrationand Compliance
Officer.The Committeefelt thatthe managementandadministrationof RLUS, the qualityof the liaisonwithboth the
UK universitiesandLanguageLink,andthemethodsusedtoensurethehighqualityoftuitionexpectedby students,
weregenerallysatisfactory.However,wearesurethatKath'sfinancialandbusinessexperiencewillensurethat the
administration, and especially the accounting, of RLUS  will run even more smoothly.

STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

Governing document

Thecompanywasestablishedunderamemorandumofassociationwhichestablishedtheobjectsandpowersof the
charitable company and is governed under its articles of association.
Page 4
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Report of the Trustees
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

Organisational structure and decision making

The charitydoes notdirectlyemployanystaff.All of its activitiesin the UK are carriedoutby contractedpersons: an
operationsconsultant,anaccountantandanadministrator/secretary.Operationsabroadarecontracted to
PineGroup,anEstoniancompanywhichtradesunderthenameofLanguageLinkandrunsRLUScoursesin both
Tallinn and Astana.
Mattersofpolicyandprinciplearedecidedbytheboardoftrusteesatmeetingsheldthreetimesperyear. The
operationsconsultant,DrLynneAttwood,isresponsibleforadvisingtheboardoftrusteesonprogressand putting
forwardsuggestionsforchange(e.g.inrelationtocourselocationorduration)forapprovaltotheboard.Sheis also
responsiblefor all processingof studentinvolvement,from initialenquirythroughto monitoringperformanceof both
the students and the course providers.

Induction and training of new trustees

Newlyappointedtrusteesnominatedbyparticipatinguniversitieswillbefamiliarwiththeaimsandobjectivesof the
charity.All new trusteesare providedwitha copyof the CharityCommissionpublication'The EssentialTrustee: what
youneedtoknow,whatyouneedtodo'.Newtrusteesalsosigna TrusteeDeclarationof Eligibilityanda register of
interests declaration. They are also given an introduction to administrative processes such as expense claims.

Risk Statement

Thetrusteeshaveadutytoidentifyandreviewtheriskstowhichthecharityisexposedandtoensure appropriate
controlsareinplacetoprovidereasonableassuranceagainstfraudanderror.Themajorrisks,bothoperational and
financial,towhichthecharityissubjectareassessedeachyearandappropriatesafeguardsarediscussedandput in
placetomitigatethecharity'sexposuretothesemajorrisksshouldtheycrystallise.Theriskmanagementpolicy is
closelylinkedtothereservespolicy.Allmajorriskshavebeenreviewed.RLUSensuresthatallteachingand living
accommodationconformstolocalsafetystandardsand,whencourseswerestillruninRussia,advisedstudents that
standardsin Russia may be lower than in the UK. Studentsare providedwith a 'Statementof Information',a  document
thatstudentsconfirmthattheyhavereadwhentheysignthebookingform,whichcontainsaclear statement
regarding the safety policy:
"RLUSisassuredthatallteachingandHomestayaccommodationprovidedbythecourseorganiserscomplies with
local fire and safety laws. RLUS is also assured that all Homestay accommodationis inspectedby the host  organisation.
Few countriesare as stringentas the UK in settinggeneralstandardsfor safety,hygieneandfire precautions,and the
localauthoritiesmay not have adequateresourcesto monitorand enforcestandards.We suggestthatyou familiarise
yourselfwith the lay-outof teachingbuildingsand homestays/apartmentsand the means of escape in the event of an
emergency.Ifyouareinhomestayaccommodation,pleaseobeyallsafetyinstructionsgiventoyoubyyour host
family."Thesameinformationisalsocontainedinthefinalbriefingdocumentthatallstudentsreceiveabout three
months before departure.
This reporthas been preparedin accordancewith the specialprovisionsof Part 15 of the CompaniesAct 2006  relating
to small companies.
Approved by order of the board of trustees on 23 February 2024 and signed on its behalf by:
Dr Lynne Attwood - Trustee
Page 5
Independent Examiner's Report to the Trustees of
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited

Independent examiner's report to the trustees of Russian Language Undergraduate Studies Limited ('the Company')

I report to the charity trustees on my examination of the accounts of the Company for the year ended 31 July 2023.

Responsibilities and basis of report

As the charity'strusteesof the Company(andalsoits directorsfor the purposesof companylaw)youare responsible
for the preparation of the accounts in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 ('the 2006 Act').
Having satisfiedmyself that the accountsof the Companyare not requiredto be auditedunder Part 16 of the 2006  Act
andareeligibleforindependentexamination,Ireportinrespectofmyexaminationofyourcharity'saccounts as
carriedoutunderSection145oftheCharitiesAct2011('the2011Act').IncarryingoutmyexaminationI have
followed the Directions given by the Charity Commission under Section 145(5) (b) of the 2011 Act.

Independent examiner's statement

Since yourcharity'sgross incomeexceeded£250,000yourexaminermust be a member of a listedbody.I can confirm
thatIamqualifiedtoundertaketheexaminationbecauseIamamemberoftheAssociationofChartered Certified
Accountants, which is one of the listed bodies.
Ihavecompletedmyexamination.Iconfirmthatnomattershavecometomyattentioninconnectionwith the
examination giving me cause to believe:

1. accounting records were not kept in respect of the Company as required by Section 386 of the 2006 Act; or

2. the accounts do not accord with those records; or

3. the accounts do not comply with the accounting requirements of Section 396 of the 2006 Act other than any requirement that the accounts give a true and fair view which is not a matter considered as part of an independent examination; or

4. the accounts have not been prepared in accordance with the methods and principles of the Statement of Recommended Practice for accounting and reporting by charities (applicable to charities preparing their accounts in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102)).

Ihavenoconcernsandhavecomeacrossnoothermattersinconnectionwiththeexaminationtowhich attention
should be drawn in this report in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.
Page 6

Independent Examiner's Report to the Trustees of Russian Language Undergraduate Studies Limited

Anindependentexaminationdoesnotinvolvegatheringalltheevidencethatwouldberequiredinanaudit and
consequentlydoesnotcoverallthemattersthatanauditorconsidersingivingtheiropiniononthe financial
statements.Theplanningandconductofanauditgoesbeyondthelimitedassurancethatan independent
examinationcanprovide.ConsequentlyIexpressnoopinionastowhetherthefinancialstatementspresenta 'true
and fair' view and my report is limited to those specific matters set out in the independent examiner's statement.
This reportis made solely to the charity'strustees,as a body,in accordancewith section 145 of the CharitiesAct  2011.
MyworkhasbeenundertakensothatImightstatetothecharity'strusteesthosemattersIamrequiredtostate to
theminthisreportandfornootherpurpose.Tothefullestextentpermittedbylaw,Idonotacceptor assume
responsibilityto anyoneother than the charityand the charity'strusteesas a body,for my work, for this report,or for
the opinions I have formed.
Ketan Ramesh Patel FCCA
The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
Merchant & Co
Chartered Certified Accountants
2 Craven Road
Ealing
London
W5 2UA
1 March 2024
Page 7
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited

Statement of Financial Activities

(Incorporating an Income and Expenditure Account) for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

2023
Unrestricted
fund
Notes
£
INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS FROM
Charitable activities
Russian language courses
287,351
Investment income
2
1,690
Total
289,041
EXPENDITURE ON
Charitable activities
3
Russian language courses
291,776
NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE)
(2,735)
RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS
Total funds brought forward
101,009
TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD
98,274
2022
Total
funds
£
311,958
141
312,099
351,851
(39,752)
140,761
101,009

CONTINUING OPERATIONS

All income and expenditure has arisen from continuing activities.
The notes form part of these financial statements
Page 8
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited

Balance Sheet

31 July 2023

2023
Unrestricted
fund
Notes
£
CURRENT ASSETS
Debtors
9
140,277
Investments
10
60,000
Cash at bank
279,779
480,056
CREDITORS
Amounts falling due within one year
11
(381,782)
NET CURRENT ASSETS
98,274
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES
98,274
NET ASSETS
98,274
FUNDS
12
Unrestricted funds
98,274
TOTAL FUNDS
98,274
2022
Total
funds
£
14,863
60,000
280,362
355,225
(254,216)
101,009
101,009
101,009
101,009
101,009
The charitablecompanyis entitledto exemptionfrom audit under Section477 of the CompaniesAct 2006 for the year
ended 31 July 2023.
Themembershavenotrequiredthecompanytoobtainanauditofitsfinancialstatementsfortheyear ended
31 July 2023 in accordance with Section 476 of the Companies Act 2006.
The trustees acknowledge their responsibilities for
The notes form part of these financial statements
continued...
Page 9
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited

Balance Sheet - continued

31 July 2023

Thesefinancialstatementshavebeenpreparedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsapplicableto charitable companies
subject to the small companies regime.
ThefinancialstatementswereapprovedbytheBoardofTrusteesandauthorisedforissueon23February2024 and
were signed on its behalf by:
Lynne Attwood - Trustee
The notes form part of these financial statements
Page 10
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of preparing the financial statements

The financialstatementsof the charitablecompany,whichis a publicbenefitentityunderFRS 102,have been
preparedinaccordancewiththeCharitiesSORP(FRS102)'AccountingandReportingbyCharities: Statement
ofRecommendedPracticeapplicabletocharitiespreparingtheiraccountsinaccordancewiththe Financial
ReportingStandardapplicablein the UK and Republicof Ireland(FRS 102) (effective1 January2019)', Financial
ReportingStandard102 'The FinancialReportingStandardapplicablein the UK and Republicof Ireland'and the
Companies Act 2006. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.

Income

All incomeis recognisedin the Statementof FinancialActivitiesoncethe charityhasentitlementto the funds,
it is probable that the income will be received and the amount can be measured reliably.
Incomefromuniversitiesis recognisedas the coursesfundedprogress.Incomereceivedin advanceof courses
is recognised as deferred income in the financial statements.

Expenditure

Liabilitiesarerecognisedasexpenditureassoonasthereisalegalorconstructiveobligationcommitting the
charitytothatexpenditure,itisprobablethatatransferofeconomicbenefitswillberequiredin settlement
andtheamountof theobligationcanbe measuredreliably.Expenditureis accountedforonanaccruals basis
andhas been classifiedunderheadingsthataggregateall costrelatedto the category.Wherecostscannot be
directlyattributedtoparticularheadingstheyhavebeenallocatedtoactivitiesonabasisconsistentwith the
use of resources.

Support costs

Supportcostsof charitableactivitiescomprisecostsincurreddirectlyin supportof expenditureon the objects
of the charity.

Governance costs

Governancecostsincludethemanagementofthecharitablecompany'sassets,organisational management
and compliance with constitutional and statutory requirements.

Taxation

The charity is exempt from corporation tax on its charitable activities.

Fund accounting

Unrestricted funds can be used in accordance with the charitable objectives at the discretion of the trustees.

Foreign currencies

Assetsandliabilitiesinforeigncurrenciesaretranslatedintosterlingattheratesofexchangerulingat the
balancesheetdate.Transactionsinforeigncurrenciesaretranslatedintosterlingattherateof exchange
rulingatthedateoftransaction.Exchangedifferencesaretakenintoaccountinarrivingatthe operating
result.

Debtors

Basicfinancialassetsincludingtradeandotherdebtorsareinitiallyrecognisedat transactionprice,unless the
arrangementconstitutesa financialtransaction,where the transactionis measuredat the presentvalue of the
futurereceiptsdiscountedat a marketrateof interest.Suchassetsare subsequentlycarriedat amortised cost
using the effective interest method, less any impairment.
continued...
Page 11
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalentsare representedby cash in hand,depositsheld at call with financialinstitutions, and
othershort-termhighlyliquidinvestmentsthatmatureinnomorethanthreemonthsfromthedate of
acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.

Creditors

Basicfinancialliabilities,andothercreditors,loansfromthirdpartiesandloansfromrelatedparties, are
initiallyrecognisedattransactionprice,unlessthearrangementconstitutesa financialtransaction,where the
debtinstrumentismeasuredatthepresentvalueofthefuturepaymentdiscountedatamarketrate of
interest.Suchinstrumentsare subsequentlycarriedat amortisedcost usingthe effectiveinterestmethod, less
any impairment..

Going Concern

Thefinancialstatementshavebeenpreparedonthebasisofgoingconcern.Thereareno material
uncertainties regarding going concern.

2. INVESTMENT INCOME

Interest
CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES COSTS
Russian language courses
DIRECT COSTS OF CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES
Costs of courses
Pastoral and management visits to Russia
Costs of representation in Russia
Direct
Costs (see
note 4)
£
253,617
2023
£
1,690
Support
costs (see
note 5)
£
38,159
2023
£
249,800
3,817
-
253,617
2022
£
141
Totals
£
291,776
2022
£
309,030
-
2,763
311,793

3.

4. DIRECT COSTS OF CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES

continued...
Page 12
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

5. SUPPORT COSTS

SUPPORT COSTS
Governance
Management costs Totals
£ £ £
Russian language courses 31,803 6,356 38,159
Support costs, included in the above, are as follows:
Management
2023 2022
Russian
language Total
courses activities
£ £
Operational and admin fees 26,671 25,235
Insurance 883 854
General overheads and office expenses 3,805 4,599
Bank charges 246 383
Website expenses 198 -
31,803 31,071
Governance costs
2023 2022
Russian
language Total
courses activities
£ £
Trustees' expenses - 327
Accountancy fees 2,340 2,160
Independent examiner's fee 4,016 6,500
6,356 8,987

6. TRUSTEES' REMUNERATION AND BENEFITS

There were no trustees'remunerationor other benefitsfor the year ended 31 July 2023 nor for the year  ended
31 July 2022.
continued...
Page 13
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

6. TRUSTEES' REMUNERATION AND BENEFITS - continued

Trustees' expenses

Pastoraland managementvisits includereimbursementsof cost £2,487 for visits made by Dr PhilipBullock and
Simon Jackson to Tallinn.

7. STAFF COST

There were no staff costs for the year ended 31 July 2023 nor for the year ended 31 July 2022.
No employees received emoluments in excess of £60,000.

8. COMPARATIVES FOR THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES

COMPARATIVES FOR THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES
Unrestricted
fund
£
INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS FROM
Charitable activities
Russian language courses 311,958
Investment income 141
Total 312,099
EXPENDITURE ON
Charitable activities
Russian language courses 351,851
NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE) (39,752)
RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS
Total funds brought forward 140,761
TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD 101,009
continued...
Page 14
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued

for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

9.
DEBTORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
Trade debtors
Prepayments
10.
CURRENT ASSET INVESTMENTS
National Savings Income Bond
Investments are included in the balance sheet at their open market value.
11.
CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
Trade creditors
Deferred course income
Accruals
Course deposits
Course refunds
12.
MOVEMENT IN FUNDS
At 1.8.22
£
Unrestricted funds
General fund
101,009
TOTAL FUNDS
101,009
Net movement in funds, included in the above are as follows:
Incoming
resources
£
Unrestricted funds
General fund
289,041
TOTAL FUNDS
289,041
2023
£
139,609
668
140,277
2023
£
60,000
2023
£
19,803
333,818
7,579
12,170
8,412
381,782
Net
movement
in funds
£
(2,735)
(2,735)
Resources
expended
£
(291,776)
(291,776)
continued...
Page 15
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

12. MOVEMENT IN FUNDS - continued

Comparatives for movement in funds

At 1.8.21
£
Unrestricted funds
General fund
140,761
TOTAL FUNDS
140,761
Comparative net movement in funds, included in the above are as follows:
Incoming
resources
£
Unrestricted funds
General fund
312,099
TOTAL FUNDS
312,099
Net
movement
At
in funds
31.7.22
£
£
(39,752)
101,009
(39,752)
101,009
Resources
Movement
expended
in funds
£
£
(351,851)
(39,752)
(351,851)
(39,752)
At
31.7.22
£
101,009
101,009
(39,752)
A current year 12 months and prior year 12 months combined position is as follows:
Unrestricted funds
General fund
TOTAL FUNDS
At 1.8.21
£
140,761
140,761
Net
movement
in funds
£
(42,487)
(42,487)
At
31.7.23
£
98,274
98,274
continued...
Page 16
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

12. MOVEMENT IN FUNDS - continued

A currentyear12monthsandprioryear12monthscombinednetmovementinfunds,includedinthe above
are as follows:
Unrestricted funds
General fund
TOTAL FUNDS
Incoming
resources
£
601,140
601,140
Resources
Movement
expended
in funds
£
£
(643,627)
(42,487)
(643,627)
(42,487)

13. RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES

Duringtheyearended31July2023,LynneAttwoodreceivedatotalof£26,671(2022:£16,958)for her
services as Operations Consultant. As at 31 July 2023, £798 remained outstanding to her.
Page 17
Russian Language Undergraduate
Studies Limited

Detailed Statement of Financial Activities

for the Year Ended 31 July 2023

INCOME AND ENDOWMENTS
Investment income
Interest
Charitable activities
Course fees etc
Total incoming resources
EXPENDITURE
Charitable activities
Costs of courses
Pastoral and management visits to Russia
Costs of representation in Russia
Support costs
Management
Operational and admin fees
Insurance
General overheads and office expenses
Bank charges
Website expenses
Governance costs
Trustees' expenses
Accountancy fees
Independent examiner's fee
Total resources expended
Net expenditure
2023
£
1,690
287,351
289,041
249,800
3,817
-
253,617
26,671
883
3,805
246
198
31,803
-
2,340
4,016
6,356
291,776
(2,735)
2022
£
141
311,958
312,099
309,030
-
2,763
311,793
25,235
854
4,599
383
-
31,071
327
2,160
6,500
8,987
351,851
(39,752)
This page does not form part of the statutory financial statements
Page 18